Formula and preparation method of lamb three-material square urination-resistant multi-stage fattening fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry feeds, discloses a formula and a preparation method of a lamb three-feed four-square urine-accumulation-preventing multi-stage fattening fertilizer, and aims to solve the problems of unbalanced lamb nutrition and high urinary stone incidence in the middle and later fattening periods of male lambs caused by non-uniform mixing in an existing small and medium-sized retail corn and concentrated feed feeding mode. The invention provides a set of three-material four-square five-step comprehensive fattening system, three materials are three special compound feeds designed for different growth stages of lambs, four core formulas for supporting the three feeds are provided, and the four core formulas comprise a lamb concentrate supplement, a lamb concentrate supplement, a high-protein concentrate and an anti-urine caking premix formula; the five steps are a procedure of dividing the feed into five stages for feeding management according to the weight of the lambs, full utilization and accurate supply of feed raw materials are achieved, by applying the method, the growth performance equivalent to that of high-end complete feed can be achieved on the premise that the morbidity of urinary stones of the lambs is reduced and group health is guaranteed, and meanwhile the comprehensive breeding cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of livestock feed technology, and in particular to a multi-stage fattening feed formula and preparation method for lambs with three feeds and four directions to prevent urinary tract infections. Background Technology

[0002] In my country's agricultural areas and small- to medium-sized lamb fattening farms, to reduce feed costs and utilize locally produced grain, farmers commonly adopt a feeding model that mixes corn with concentrated feed. This involves simply mixing their own corn with commercially available feed. Due to its significant economic advantages, this model has become the mainstream choice for small and medium-sized farms. However, in practice, this low-cost model is prone to imbalances in individual lamb nutrition intake, particularly mineral metabolism disorders, due to difficulties in ensuring uniform mixing. This can induce nutritional metabolic diseases, primarily urinary stones. The incidence of urinary stones remains high in the later stages of male lamb fattening, becoming a key bottleneck restricting the healthy application of this model.

[0003] To address these issues, existing technologies offer several solutions. For example, Chinese patent CN117461754A discloses a fully concentrated fattening sheep feed and its preparation method, which reduces the incidence of urinary stones by combining alfalfa hay, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and various unconventional agricultural by-products. However, this technology is not only costly but also cannot be adapted to existing feeding patterns. Chinese patent CN117546816A discloses a lamb fattening feeding method and feed, which regulates nutrient supply by setting fixed feeding amounts of concentrate and roughage at different weight stages. However, the core of this solution lies in the feeding management method and does not improve the formula and function of the concentrated feed product itself, thus failing to solve the problem of urinary stone prevention from the source of the feed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to provide a special feed and preparation method that can be adapted to the existing feeding mode and can actively and reliably prevent nutritional urinary stones in lambs under this mode. To this end, we propose a multi-stage fattening feed formula and preparation method for lambs with three feeds and four directions to prevent urinary stones.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a multi-stage fattening feed for lambs with three feeds and four directions to prevent urinary stones, which consists of lamb concentrate supplement, frame supplement, high protein concentrate and urinary stone prevention premix, wherein the urinary stone prevention premix contains limestone powder for binding and excreting oxalic acid in the intestine, and coated ammonium chloride and coated choline chloride for urine acidification and metabolic regulation, thereby preventing urinary stones in fattening lambs through the synergistic effect of the three.

[0006] Preferably, the lamb concentrate supplement, by weight percentage, comprises 30%-40% cooked and pressed corn flakes, 25%-35% puffed soybeans, 10%-20% biscuit powder, 3%-7% corn germ meal, 3%-7% wheat bran, 0.8%-1.2% core premix, 0.8%-1.2% sodium humate, 1.5%-2.0% limestone powder, 0.4%-0.6% dicalcium phosphate, 0.6%-1.0% salt, 0.4%-0.6% baking soda, 1.8%-2.2% amino acid mixture, 2.0%-2.5% glucose powder, 0.03%-0.07% thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.01%-0.03% thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation, 0.02%-0.04% antioxidant, 0.03%-0.07% mold inhibitor, 0.03%-0.07% flavoring agent, and 0.03%-0.07% fragrance agent.

[0007] Preferably, the supplemental feed for the scaffold includes, by weight percentage: 15%-25% cooked and pressed corn flakes, 25%-30% corn, 10%-15% soybean meal, 12%-18% corn germ meal, 3%-7% wheat bran, 8%-12% dried alfalfa leaf meal, 0.8%-1.2% core premix, 0.8%-1.2% sodium humate, 1.8%-2.2% limestone powder, 0.7%-0.9% dicalcium phosphate, 0.6%-0.8% salt, and 0.6%-0.8% baking soda. %, amino acid mixture 0.8%-1.2%, glucose powder 1.8%-2.2%, coated ammonium chloride 0.4%-0.6%, coated choline chloride 0.04%-0.06%, thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria 0.03%-0.07%, thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation 0.01%-0.03%, antioxidant 0.02%-0.04%, antifungal agent 0.03%-0.07%, flavoring agent 0.03%-0.07%.

[0008] Preferably, the high-protein concentrate comprises, by weight percentage: 30%-40% soybean meal, 8%-12% cottonseed meal, 8%-12% sesame cake, 15%-20% corn germ meal, 5%-8% dried alfalfa leaf powder, 1.0%-2.0% slow-release urea, 2.5%-3.5% core premix, 2.5%-3.5% sodium humate, 5%-7% limestone powder, 1.5%-2.5% dicalcium phosphate, 0.6%-1.0% salt, and 0.6% baking soda. %-0.8%, amino acid mixture 0.8%-1.2%, coated ammonium chloride 1.8%-2.2%, coated choline chloride 0.08%-0.12%, thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria 0.08%-0.12%, thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation 0.08%-0.12%, antioxidant 0.04%-0.06%, antifungal agent 0.04%-0.06%, flavoring agent 0.04%-0.06%.

[0009] Preferably, the anti-urinary tract congestion premix comprises, by weight percentage, 20%-30% core premix, 40%-50% stone powder, 15%-22% salt, 8%-12% coated ammonium chloride, 0.2%-0.4% coated choline chloride, 0.2%-0.4% thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.1%-0.3% thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation, and 0.1%-0.3% antioxidant.

[0010] Preferably, the diet consisting of the high-protein concentrate and the anti-urinary tract premix has a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.5-2.5:1.

[0011] Preferably, when the high-protein concentrate is mixed with corn, the weight ratio of the two is 2:1 to 3.5:1.

[0012] A method for preparing a multi-stage fattening feed includes the following steps: S1: Weigh the raw materials according to each formula, clean and remove iron from corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and corn germ meal, and crush them to pass through a 1.5mm standard sieve; S2: Put the crushed raw materials and other components into a mixer and mix them evenly, then steam condition them at a temperature of 75℃-85℃ for 25-40s; S3: Feed the conditioned material into a ring die pellet mill to press it into pellets. The lamb concentrate and high-protein concentrate use a ring die with a aperture of 2.8mm, and the lamb calf concentrate uses a ring die with a aperture of 4.5mm. Cool the hot pellets to a temperature no higher than 5℃ above the ambient temperature; S4: Grade and mix the components of the anti-diarrheal premix, and pass it through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain a powdered premix; S5: Meter and package the cooled pelleted feed and powdered premix separately.

[0013] Preferably, in S2, the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity of the mixed material is ≤7%, and in S4, the coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity of the mixed anti-diarrheal premix is ​​≤5%.

[0014] Application of a multi-stage fattening feed in lamb farming for the prevention of urinary stones.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention constructs a systematic solution that deeply integrates specialized feed products with phased feeding management. By designing three specialized feeds to meet the needs of lambs during the transition period, skeletal growth period, and fattening period, and providing four core formulas for each, these feed products are incorporated into a five-stage feeding program based on clearly defined weight thresholds. This achieves precise matching of nutritional supply with the physiological stages of lambs. While adapting to the existing low-cost corn-concentrate feeding model, this solution enables lambs to achieve growth rates and feed conversion efficiency comparable to high-priced complete feeds. Furthermore, it reduces the extremely high incidence of urinary stones under the traditional self-prepared feeding model to a level similar to that of complete feeds. Thus, while controlling costs, it improves the overall health and economic benefits of animal husbandry. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the growth performance and health indicators of Experimental Example 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0018] This invention provides a three-feed, four-directional anti-urinary-cause multi-stage fattening feed for lambs. The fattening feed is designed with three compound feeds with clearly defined functions for different physiological stages of lamb indoor fattening, which are respectively suitable for the early, middle and late stages of fattening. To specifically achieve the specific nutrition and functions of the above three types of feed, especially to solve the technical problem of high incidence of urinary stones in the corn-concentrated feed feeding mode in the late fattening stage, this invention provides four interrelated core formulas, which consist of lamb concentrate supplement formula, scaffold concentrate supplement formula, high protein concentrate formula and anti-urinary stone premix formula. In practical applications, the fattening feed suitable for the later stages of fattening is composed of the high-protein concentrate and corn mixed in proportion, and the anti-urinary calculi premix added.

[0019] The lamb concentrate supplement formula is used to prepare granular lamb concentrate supplement suitable for the early fattening stage, aiming to ensure the health and growth of lambs during the weaning transition period. By weight percentage, its composition includes: 30%-40% cooked and pressed corn flakes, 25%-35% extruded soybeans, 10%-20% biscuit powder, 3%-7% corn germ meal, 3%-7% wheat bran, 0.8%-1.2% core premix, 0.8%-1.2% sodium humate, 1.5%-2.0% limestone powder, and 0% dicalcium phosphate. 0.4%-0.6%, salt 0.6%-1.0%, baking soda 0.4%-0.6%, amino acid mixture 1.8%-2.2%, glucose powder 2.0%-2.5%, thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria 0.03%-0.07%, thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation 0.01%-0.03%, antioxidant 0.02%-0.04%, antifungal agent 0.03%-0.07%, flavoring agent 0.03%-0.07%; Ensure that the nutritional composition of lamb concentrate supplement formula is as follows: moisture ≤13%, crude protein ≥18%, crude ash ≤9%, crude fiber ≤9%, total phosphorus ≥0.4%, calcium content 0.5%-2.0%, and sodium chloride content 0.5%-2.0%.

[0020] The formulated feed for rumen development is used to prepare granular feed suitable for mid-finishing rumen growth, aiming to promote bone growth and rumen development. By weight percentage, its composition includes: 15%-25% cooked and pressed corn flakes, 25%-30% corn, 10%-15% soybean meal, 12%-18% corn germ meal, 3%-7% wheat bran, 8%-12% dried alfalfa leaf powder, 0.8%-1.2% core premix, 0.8%-1.2% sodium humate, 1.8%-2.2% limestone powder, 0.7%-0.9% dicalcium phosphate, and 0.5% salt. 6%-0.8%, baking soda 0.6%-0.8%, amino acid mixture 0.8%-1.2%, glucose powder 1.8%-2.2%, coated ammonium chloride 0.4%-0.6%, coated choline chloride 0.04%-0.06%, thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria 0.03%-0.07%, thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation 0.01%-0.03%, antioxidant 0.02%-0.04%, mildew inhibitor 0.03%-0.07%, flavoring agent 0.03%-0.07%, fragrance agent 0.03%-0.07%; Ensure that the nutritional composition of the supplementary feed formula contains the following: moisture ≤13%, crude protein ≥16%, crude ash ≤9%, crude fiber ≤18%, amino acids ≥3, total phosphorus ≥0.4%, calcium content between 0.45% and 2.5%, and sodium chloride content between 0.5% and 1.5%.

[0021] The high-protein concentrate formula is used to prepare granular concentrate that needs to be fed in combination with corn. By weight percentage, its composition includes: soybean meal 30%-40%, cottonseed meal 8%-12%, sesame cake 8%-12%, corn germ meal 15%-20%, dried alfalfa leaf meal 5%-8%, slow-release urea 1.0%-2.0%, core premix 2.5%-3.5%, sodium humate 2.5%-3.5%, limestone powder 5%-7%, dicalcium phosphate 1.5%-2.5%, and salt 0.6%- 1.0%, baking soda 0.6%-0.8%, amino acid mixture 0.8%-1.2%, coated ammonium chloride 1.8%-2.2%, coated choline chloride 0.08%-0.12%, thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria 0.08%-0.12%, thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation 0.08%-0.12%, antioxidant 0.04%-0.06%, mildew inhibitor 0.04%-0.06%, flavoring agent 0.04%-0.06%; Ensure that the nutritional composition of the high-protein concentrate formula is as follows: moisture ≤14%, crude protein ≥35%, crude ash ≤30%, crude fiber ≤16%, amino acids ≥0.4%, total phosphorus ≥0.4%, calcium content between 1.0% and 5.0%, and sodium chloride content between 0.5% and 1.5%.

[0022] The aforementioned premix formula for preventing urinary stones is used to prepare a powdered premix, which is added to a mixture of high-protein concentrate and corn in a specific ratio during the later stages of fattening. It is the core functional module for preventing urinary stones. By weight percentage, its composition includes: 20%-30% core premix, 40%-50% stone powder, 15%-22% salt, 8%-12% coated ammonium chloride, 0.2%-0.4% coated choline chloride, 0.2%-0.4% thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.1%-0.3% thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation, and 0.1%-0.3% antioxidant.

[0023] It should be noted that the core premix is ​​a compound feed additive rich in various vitamins and trace elements. Its typical composition includes, but is not limited to, vitamins A, D, E, K and B vitamins, as well as trace elements such as iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium, iodine and cobalt. In practical application, the specific amount of each trace component can be determined according to the nutritional needs of lambs at different growth stages, in accordance with NY / T 816-2004 "Standards for Meat Sheep Feeding". A suitable carrier can be selected for conventional premixing. The carrier can be defatted rice bran, wheat bran, zeolite powder, etc. Alternatively, commercially available general-purpose lamb compound premix products that meet nutritional standards can be directly selected. The core function is to provide essential vitamins, trace elements and other nutrients.

[0024] The amino acid mixture is composed of L-lysine hydrochloride and DL-methionine in a weight ratio of 7:3.

[0025] The thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria are Bacillus subtilis that have undergone coating treatment. Bacillus subtilis ) and / or Bacillus licheniformis ( Bacillus licheniformis ), viable count ≥1.0×10 10 CFU / g, with a temperature resistance performance that ensures a survival rate of ≥80% after tempering at 85℃.

[0026] The heat-resistant digestive enzyme preparation is a complex enzyme containing cellulase, xylanase and protease, and the enzyme activity retention rate after treatment at 75-85℃ is ≥70%.

[0027] The coated ammonium chloride is a rumen-free coated type with an ammonium chloride content ≥99%, and the coated choline chloride is a rumen-free coated type with a choline chloride content ≥50%. Among them, the rumen-coated type refers to the treatment of ammonium chloride and choline chloride with coating technology known in the field, so that they remain stable in the rumen environment of ruminants and are mainly released in the posterior digestive tract. This type of coating technology is a mature existing technology in the field of ruminant feed, so it will not be elaborated on further.

[0028] It is also important to note that the high limestone content in the premix formula for preventing urinary tract congestion, when added to a diet consisting of high-protein concentrate and corn, allows the calcium ions it provides to preferentially bind with oxalate in the diet in the intestines, forming insoluble calcium oxalate which is excreted in feces. This reduces the risk of calcium oxalate supersaturation in the urine. The total phosphorus supply in the diet mainly comes from dicalcium phosphate in the high-protein concentrate and raw materials such as corn, and the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in the diet is maintained at 1.5-2.5:1, so the high calcium content will not lead to an imbalance in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

[0029] Encapsulated ammonium chloride serves as a safe and effective precursor for urinary acidification. Its encapsulation technology ensures its stability in the rumen environment, preventing premature release. After passing through the rumen, it disintegrates in the abomasum and intestines, releasing ammonium ions (NH4+). + After ammonium ions are absorbed, they are metabolized into urea in the liver. This process consumes bicarbonate ions, which ultimately leads to an increase in net acid excreted through the kidneys, maintaining the urine pH value in a low range and inhibiting the formation of magnesium ammonium phosphate stones.

[0030] Sufficient limestone powder in the formula is key to achieving the intestinal oxalate (H2C2O4) fixation strategy. Its core site of action is in the digestive tract, where dietary oxalate binds with calcium ions (Ca) in the intestine. 2+ The oxalic acid combines with calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) crystals, which have very low solubility. By providing sufficient calcium sources, this combination reaction can be promoted, allowing oxalic acid to be excreted directly in the feces as calcium oxalate. This reduces the amount of oxalic acid that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and ultimately filtered out by the kidneys, thereby lowering the concentration of oxalic acid in urine and the supersaturation of calcium oxalate.

[0031] Encapsulated choline chloride, as a metabolic regulator, primarily functions by providing active methyl groups, participating in phospholipid synthesis and liver fat metabolism, helping to maintain normal liver and kidney function, and indirectly supporting animals in coping with the nutritional metabolic load in the later stages of fattening.

[0032] This invention also provides a method for preparing a three-feed, four-way anti-urinary-congestion multi-stage fattening feed for lambs, specifically including the following steps: S1: Clean and remove impurities and iron from bulk raw materials such as corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and corn germ meal. The pre-treated bulk raw materials are crushed using a hammer mill. More than 95% of the crushed material passes through a 1.5mm standard sieve. S2: For lamb concentrate supplements, stretcher concentrate supplements, and high-protein concentrates, put all weighed materials into a twin-shaft paddle mixer at once and mix for 180-300 seconds until the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity is ≤7%; S3: For the anti-congestion premix, first, the trace components such as coated ammonium chloride, coated choline chloride, and core premix are premixed with stone powder accounting for about 5%-20% of the total carrier to form a masterbatch. Then, the masterbatch and the remaining carrier are put into the mixer and the mixing time is not less than 600s to ensure that the coefficient of variation (CV) of the final mixing uniformity is ≤5%. S4: The material that has been mixed evenly in S2 is fed into a steam conditioner, and dry saturated steam is introduced. The material is conditioned at 75℃-85℃ for 25-40 seconds. The conditioned material is then fed into a ring die pellet mill for pressing and molding. A ring die with an aperture of 2.8mm is used for lamb concentrate feed and high protein concentrate feed, while a ring die with an aperture of 4.5mm is used for lamb concentrate feed. S5: The high-temperature granules after S4 granulation are immediately sent to a counter-current cooler for cooling. The final cooling temperature is no higher than 5°C above the ambient temperature and the moisture content is ≤13.0%. After cooling, the granules are screened by a grading sieve to obtain granules with uniform particle size. The powder that has been mixed evenly in S3 is passed through an 80-mesh sieve to remove any possible agglomerates and obtain a powder product. S6: The granular and powdered products obtained in S5 are measured and sealed according to predetermined specifications.

[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention and to implement and apply it in practice, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and application experimental data. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0034] Example 1 This embodiment provides a fertilizer suitable for the early stage of fattening and its preparation method. The formula, by weight percentage, includes: 35% cooked and pressed corn flakes, 30% puffed soybeans, 15% biscuit powder, 5% corn germ meal, 5% wheat bran, 1% core premix, 1% sodium humate, 1.7% limestone powder, 0.5% dicalcium phosphate, 0.8% salt, 0.5% baking soda, 2% amino acid mixture, 2.25% glucose powder, 0.05% heat-resistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.02% heat-resistant digestive enzyme preparation, 0.03% antioxidant, 0.05% mildew inhibitor, 0.05% flavoring agent, and 0.05% fragrance agent. Its preparation method includes the following steps: S1: Cleaning and iron removal treatment for bulk raw materials such as corn cooked and pressed into flakes and puffed soybeans; S2: Accurately weigh all the processed raw materials according to the above proportions, and put them into the twin-shaft paddle mixer at once. Mix for 240 seconds until the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity reaches 6.5%. S3: Feed the well-mixed material into the steam conditioner and condition it at 80°C for 30 seconds; S4: The conditioned material is pressed into shape using a ring die pellet mill with an aperture of 2.8mm to produce particles with a particle size of about 2.8mm and a particle length of about 8mm. S5: The pellets are fed into a counter-flow cooler for cooling. After cooling, the temperature of the pellets is no higher than 4°C above the ambient temperature and the moisture content is 12.5%. After being screened by a grading sieve, the pellets are measured and packaged to obtain the finished product of lamb concentrate supplement for the early fattening stage. The crude protein content of this product is ≥18% and the crude fiber content is ≤9%.

[0035] Example 2 This embodiment provides a fertilizer suitable for the mid-stage of fattening and its preparation method. The formula, by weight percentage, includes: 20% cooked and pressed corn flakes, 28% corn, 12% soybean meal, 15% corn germ meal, 5% wheat bran, 10% dried alfalfa leaf powder, 1% core premix, 1% sodium humate, 2% limestone powder, 0.8% dicalcium phosphate, 0.7% salt, 0.7% baking soda, 1% amino acid mixture, 2% glucose powder, 0.5% coated ammonium chloride, 0.05% coated choline chloride, 0.05% thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.02% thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation, 0.03% antioxidant, 0.05% antifungal agent, 0.05% flavoring agent, and 0.05% fragrance agent. The preparation method differs from that in Example 1 in that the mixing time in S2 is 270s and the CV value is 6.0%; in S4, a ring die with a pore size of 4.5mm is used for granulation to obtain particles with a particle size of about 4.5mm and a particle length of about 10mm; in S5, the product has a water content of 12.8% after cooling, and the crude protein content of the product is ≥16% and the crude fiber content is ≤18%.

[0036] Example 3 This embodiment provides a fertilizer suitable for the later stage of fattening and its preparation method. The combination consists of a high-protein concentrate and an anti-caking premix, which are used in combination with corn in a specific manner. The high-protein concentrate formula includes, by weight percentage: 35% soybean meal, 10% cottonseed meal, 10% sesame cake, 18.5% corn germ meal, 6% dried alfalfa leaf powder, 1.5% slow-release urea, 3% core premix, 3% sodium humate, 6% limestone powder, 2% dicalcium phosphate, 0.8% salt, 0.7% sodium bicarbonate, 1% amino acid mixture, 2% coated ammonium chloride, 0.1% coated choline chloride, 0.1% thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.1% thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation, 0.05% antioxidant, 0.05% antifungal agent, 0.05% flavoring agent, and 0.05% fragrance agent. The difference between its preparation method and that of Example 1 is that a ring die with a pore size of 2.8 mm is used for granulation, and the water content of the product after cooling is 13.5%, and the crude protein content of the product is ≥35%. The formula of the anti-urinary tract congestion premix includes, by weight percentage: 25% core premix, 45% limestone powder, 19% salt, 10% coated ammonium chloride, 0.3% coated choline chloride, 0.3% thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.2% thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation, and 0.2% antioxidant; The preparation method is as follows: First, the coated ammonium chloride, coated choline chloride, core premix and 9% stone powder are premixed to form a masterbatch. Then, the masterbatch and all remaining components such as the remaining stone powder and salt are put into a mixer and mixed for 600s to make the coefficient of variation (CV) of the mixing uniformity reach 4.8%. After mixing, the mixture is passed through an 80-mesh sieve to remove lumps and obtain the powdered premix finished product.

[0037] This invention also provides an application of a multi-stage fattening feed for lambs, consisting of three feeds and four ingredients to prevent urinary tract infections, in lamb farming. Based on the physiological characteristics and nutritional needs of lambs at different growth stages, the fattening process is divided into five consecutive stages. The following example, a weaned male lamb with an initial weight of approximately 9-10 kg, illustrates its application method: Step 1: After the lambs enter the pen, they should be given acclimatization feeding. Starting from the second day, they should be fed the lamb concentrate supplement prepared in Example 1, and the amount of feed should be increased daily. After about a week, they can eat freely. The main goal of this stage is to restore the lambs' physical strength, regulate their gastrointestinal tract, and complete the necessary immunizations, so as to lay a healthy foundation for subsequent fattening. Step 2: Starting from day 29, gradually transition the feed to the rumen supplemental feed prepared in Example 2 over 5 days, and allow free access to feed; the core objective of this stage is to promote rapid bone growth and full rumen development in lambs, and to increase feed intake potential through high fiber stimulation. Step 3: Starting from day 49, the high-protein concentrate prepared in Example 3 is mixed with corn at a weight ratio of 1:2 and then sprinkled into the feeding trough in layers for the sheep to eat freely. At this stage, the focus of lamb growth shifts to muscle deposition. Special attention should be paid to prevent urinary stones caused by calcium and phosphorus metabolism imbalance and urine supersaturation by using sufficient limestone powder, coated ammonium chloride and other functional components in the feed. Step 4: When the lambs reach a weight of about 37.5 kg, adjust the feed ratio to corn: high protein concentrate at 3.5:1, and add the urinary calculi prevention premix prepared in Example 3 at 1.5% of the total concentrate weight; continue to use the layered feeding method; at this stage, muscle and fat are deposited together, and measures to prevent urinary calculi need to be continuously strengthened. Step 5: Once the weight exceeds 47.5kg, maintain the feed structure of Step 4, and supplement each animal with 50g of sesame cake daily as appropriate until slaughter; implement anti-stress nutrition management one week before slaughter; this stage aims to optimize carcass quality and improve economic benefits.

[0038] For lambs with different initial weights and sexes, the duration and specific weight milestones of each stage can be adjusted accordingly based on the core principles mentioned above.

[0039] To verify the technical effectiveness of the feed and feeding method provided by this invention, large-scale production application trials were conducted in several major meat sheep farming areas. The trial plan is as follows: Experimental Example 1 This experimental example was organized and implemented in the Kaijia Farmers' Agricultural Demonstration Park of Chahar Right Wing Front Banner, Inner Mongolia, from October 16, 2023 to February 22, 2024, for a period of approximately 130 days, to conduct a production verification test.

[0040] One thousand male weaned lambs of similar size and good health were selected, with an average initial weight of 9.9 ± 1.2 kg. All lambs were used as a single experimental group, and the method of this invention was applied uniformly. The entire process uses the series of feeds prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention, namely lamb concentrate supplement, lamb stretcher concentrate supplement, high protein concentrate, and urinary calculi prevention premix.

[0041] Before the lambs enter the pen, the pens, feed troughs, and water troughs are thoroughly washed and disinfected. After the lambs enter the pen, they are first provided with clean drinking water and high-quality hay. The next day, they are fed concentrated lamb feed, and the amount of feed is increased every day. During this period, all lambs are given necessary immunizations, including sheep triple and quadruple vaccines, small ruminant plague vaccines, etc. For lambs with mild respiratory or digestive symptoms, they are given traditional Chinese medicine preparations for preventive treatment. Feed trough residue is cleaned every day to ensure clean drinking water. Each time the feed is changed, a gradual transition of no less than 4 days is carried out. In the middle of the second and third steps, two rounds of deworming and stomach-strengthening treatments were carried out for the whole flock. When deworming, the deworming medicine is evenly mixed with 80% of the feed amount of the day, and it is ensured that the flock eats at the same time in a short period of time. The pen is kept clean on a daily basis, and the sheep are disinfected regularly. One week before slaughter, add anti-stress multivitamin electrolytes to the drinking water to reduce transportation stress.

[0042] No lambs died during the entire experiment, with a survival rate of 100%. No clinical cases of urinary stones caused by nutritional metabolic imbalance were observed. The lambs showed stable growth, and the production performance indicators at each stage are shown in Table 1 below.

[0043]

[0044] Table 1 According to the data in Table 1, the average daily weight gain of the experimental lambs reached 347g and the total weight gain was 45.15kg, indicating that the proposed method can effectively support the rapid growth of lambs. As can be seen from the data, the daily weight gain was the highest in the third stage, which is the peak period of lamb muscle deposition, indicating that the feed formula corresponding to this stage can accurately meet the nutritional needs of this period. The feed conversion ratio was 3.64:1 throughout the entire period, showing a normal physiological change pattern of low in the early stage and gradually increasing in the later stage. This efficiency is considered excellent in large-scale indoor fattening.

[0045] Experiment Example 2 This experiment was conducted from February 3, 2025 to May 25, 2025 in Huashaoying Town, Yangyuan County, Hebei Province, to verify the fattening effect of the proposed method under mixed male and female rearing conditions.

[0046] Six hundred healthy weaned lambs, 300 males and 300 females, were selected and raised together. Their average initial weight was 8.5 ± 1.0 kg. This group served as the single experimental group for the application of the present invention. The series of feeds prepared according to Examples 1-3 of the present invention were used throughout the entire process. The corresponding measures were consistent with those in Experiment 1. During the experiment, the lambs were generally healthy, and the mortality rate was only 0.3%, all of which were caused by latent diseases before entering the pen. No cases of urinary stones were found. The production performance indicators at each stage are detailed in Table 2.

[0047]

[0048] Table 2 According to the data in Table 2, under the mixed-sex rearing model, the average daily weight gain of the experimental lambs reached 341g, with a total weight gain of 37.5kg and a feed conversion ratio of 3.17:1. This indicates that the proposed method can effectively adapt to the different physiological characteristics of male and female lambs, and can still ensure stable and efficient growth performance of the group under mixed-sex rearing conditions.

[0049] Experimental Example 3 This experiment was conducted in Nanxiaozhai Village, Huairen City, Shanxi Province from April 10, 2025 to the end of July 2025, specifically to evaluate the fattening effect of the proposed method on ewe lambs.

[0050] 1500 healthy weaned female lambs with an average initial weight of 10.15±1.3kg were selected as the experimental group to apply the scheme of this invention; the feed used was the same as in the example, but according to the physiological characteristics of the female lambs, no anti-urinary calculi premix was added in the fifth stage. Thoroughly disinfect before entering the pen; provide stress-resistant drinking water and high-quality hay after entering the pen; gradually guide the lambs to eat and complete basic immunization within a week; adjust the duration of each stage according to the lambs' growth curve; implement a gradual transition each time feed is changed; deworm and improve the stomach of the whole flock at the beginning of the second and fourth stages; continue to do a good job in daily hygiene and regular disinfection; take the same stress-resistant nutritional management measures one week before slaughter.

[0051] At the end of the trial period, the mortality rate of the sheep was 0.5%, and no nutritional or metabolic diseases occurred. Specific production performance data are shown in Table 3.

[0052]

[0053] Table 3 According to the data in Table 3, for ewe lambs with relatively slow growth rate, the present invention still achieved an average daily weight gain of 304g throughout the entire period, with a feed conversion ratio of 3.39:1. The results show that the present invention can well adapt to the fattening needs of ewe lambs by adjusting the stage parameters, and achieve ideal production efficiency and feed conversion while ensuring health.

[0054] Experiment Example 4 In November 2023, this experiment selected 240 weaned male lambs with similar birth dates, genetic backgrounds, and health conditions from the same standardized farm. After all lambs were weighed on an empty stomach, they were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to three treatment groups of 80 lambs each, which were housed in separate pens with identical environmental conditions.

[0055] The experimental group used lamb concentrate supplement, scaffolding concentrate supplement, high protein concentrate and anti-urinary calculi premix prepared in Examples 1-3 of this invention throughout the entire process, and strictly followed the feeding procedure described in this invention for stage transition and feeding management. Control group A used commercially available mainstream brand fattening concentrate for mutton sheep, with a guaranteed crude protein value of ≥35%. The calcium content was tested to be 1.2% and the total phosphorus was 1.0%. It did not contain the targeted components of this invention, such as coated ammonium chloride and a specific proportion of limestone powder. Corn and concentrate were mixed in a 7:3 ratio. The feed formula was not changed throughout the process, and the feed was given twice a day at regular intervals. Control group B adopted a total mixed ration (TMR) model, and was fed a commercially available brand of complete compound pelleted feed for fattening sheep throughout the entire feeding period.

[0056] The three groups of experiments were managed by the same group of keepers and followed the same stocking density, immunization program, and basic hygiene system. Both the experimental group and control group A used corn and alfalfa hay from the same source, and the experimental period was a fixed 120 days.

[0057] Before morning feeding on days 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 of the experiment, the sheep in each group were weighed on an empty stomach to calculate the average weight of the group. The amount of feed given and the amount of feed remaining for each group were accurately recorded daily. A designated veterinarian made daily rounds to record clinical cases of urinary stones and mortality. The results are shown in […]. Figure 1 As shown.

[0058] according to Figure 1 Data shows that the experimental group exhibited significant advantages in growth performance and health indicators. Compared with control group A, the experimental group had an average daily weight gain of 7.8% and a feed conversion ratio of 9.7%. In terms of core health indicators, the clinical incidence of urinary stones and mortality rate of the experimental group were significantly reduced. Compared with control group B, the experimental group performed similarly in terms of average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, and the incidence of urinary stones was also at an equally excellent level. The dynamic weight monitoring data further showed that the growth curves of the experimental group and control group B highly overlapped throughout the fattening period, indicating that the feeding effect of the present invention has achieved industry benchmark. The present invention achieves growth efficiency comparable to high-end complete feed while maintaining the economy of traditional self-prepared feed.

[0059] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A three-feed, four-sided, multi-stage fattening feed for lambs to prevent urinary tract infections, characterized in that, It consists of lamb concentrate supplement, frame supplement, high-protein concentrate, and anti-urinary calculi premix. The high-protein concentrate is mixed with corn at a weight ratio of 2:1 to 3.5:1 and fed to lambs. The anti-urinary calculi premix contains limestone powder for excretion of oxalic acid after binding in the intestine, and coated ammonium chloride and coated choline chloride for urine acidification and metabolic regulation. The synergistic effect of the three components prevents urinary stones in fattening lambs.

2. The lamb three-feed four-sided anti-urinary-cause multi-stage fattening feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lamb concentrate supplement, by weight percentage, comprises 30%-40% cooked and pressed corn flakes, 25%-35% puffed soybeans, 10%-20% biscuit powder, 3%-7% corn germ meal, 3%-7% wheat bran, 0.8%-1.2% core premix, 0.8%-1.2% sodium humate, 1.5%-2.0% limestone powder, 0.4%-0.6% dicalcium phosphate, 0.6%-1.0% salt, 0.4%-0.6% baking soda, 1.8%-2.2% amino acid mixture, 2.0%-2.5% glucose powder, 0.03%-0.07% thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.01%-0.03% thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation, 0.02%-0.04% antioxidant, 0.03%-0.07% mold inhibitor, 0.03%-0.07% flavoring agent, and 0.03%-0.07% fragrance agent.

3. The lamb three-feed four-sided anti-urinary-congestion multi-stage fattening feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supplementary feed for the scaffold includes, by weight percentage: 15%-25% cooked and pressed corn flakes, 25%-30% corn, 10%-15% soybean meal, 12%-18% corn germ meal, 3%-7% wheat bran, 8%-12% dried alfalfa leaf meal, 0.8%-1.2% core premix, 0.8%-1.2% sodium humate, 1.8%-2.2% limestone powder, 0.7%-0.9% dicalcium phosphate, 0.6%-0.8% salt, and 0.6%-0.8% baking soda. Amino acid mixture 0.8%-1.2%, glucose powder 1.8%-2.2%, coated ammonium chloride 0.4%-0.6%, coated choline chloride 0.04%-0.06%, thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria 0.03%-0.07%, thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation 0.01%-0.03%, antioxidant 0.02%-0.04%, antifungal agent 0.03%-0.07%, flavoring agent 0.03%-0.07%, and fragrance agent 0.03%-0.07%.

4. The lamb three-feed four-sided anti-urinary-cause multi-stage fattening feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-protein concentrate, by weight percentage, comprises 30%-40% soybean meal, 8%-12% cottonseed meal, 8%-12% sesame cake, 15%-20% corn germ meal, 5%-8% dried alfalfa leaf meal, 1.0%-2.0% slow-release urea, 2.5%-3.5% core premix, 2.5%-3.5% sodium humate, 5%-7% limestone powder, 1.5%-2.5% dicalcium phosphate, 0.6%-1.0% salt, and 0.6%- 0.8%, amino acid mixture 0.8%-1.2%, coated ammonium chloride 1.8%-2.2%, coated choline chloride 0.08%-0.12%, thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria 0.08%-0.12%, thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation 0.08%-0.12%, antioxidant 0.04%-0.06%, antifungal agent 0.04%-0.06%, flavoring agent 0.04%-0.06%, and fragrance agent 0.04%-0.06%.

5. The lamb three-feed four-sided anti-urinary-cause multi-stage fattening feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The urinary tract stagnant premix comprises, by weight percentage, 20%-30% core premix, 40%-50% stone powder, 15%-22% salt, 8%-12% coated ammonium chloride, 0.2%-0.4% coated choline chloride, 0.2%-0.4% thermoresistant active lactic acid bacteria, 0.1%-0.3% thermoresistant digestive enzyme preparation, and 0.1%-0.3% antioxidant.

6. The lamb three-feed four-sided anti-urinary-cause multi-stage fattening feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diet consisting of the high-protein concentrate and the anti-urinary tract premix has a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.5-2.5:

1.

7. A method for preparing a multi-stage fattening feed for lambs as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Weigh the raw materials according to each formula, clean and remove impurities and iron from corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn germ meal and crush them to pass through a 1.5mm standard sieve; S2: Put the pulverized raw materials and other components into a mixer and mix until uniform. The coefficient of variation of the mixing uniformity is ≤7%. Then, perform steam conditioning at a temperature of 75℃-85℃ for 25-40 seconds. S3: The conditioned material is fed into a ring die pellet mill and pressed into pellets. The lamb concentrate and high protein concentrate use a ring die with a diameter of 2.8 mm, and the lamb concentrate uses a ring die with a diameter of 4.5 mm. The hot pellets are cooled to a temperature not higher than 5°C above the ambient temperature. S4: The components of the anti-urinary tract congestion premix are graded and mixed, with a mixing uniformity variation coefficient ≤5%, and then passed through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain a powdered premix. S5: Meter and package the cooled pelleted feed and powdered premix separately.

8. The application of the lamb three-feed four-sided anti-urinary calculi multi-stage fattening feed as described in any one of claims 1-6 in lamb breeding for the prevention of urinary stones.

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