Traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument based on multi-modal analysis and detection method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument based on multi-modal analysis and a detection method thereof.The device is composed of a shell, a master controller and three sets of pulse diagnosis components used for the cun pulse position, the guan pulse position and the chi pulse position, and each pulse diagnosis component integrates an air path sensing module, an optical sensing module and a pressure sensing module; through cooperative work of the pneumatic piston, the liquid annular bag, the thin film pressure sensor and the optical sensor, accurate collection of pulse signals is completed. The system has the automatic locating and fitting function of three-dimensional linkage of the y axis, the theta axis and the z axis, intelligent locating and layered pressurization of wrist pulse positions can be achieved, and the pulse taking manipulation of'lifting, pressing and searching 'of traditional Chinese medicine is simulated. The device synchronously obtains multi-mode signals such as pulse position, pulse rate, pulse law, pulse shape and pulse potential, and after general control filtering, correction and fusion algorithm processing, a standardized feature matrix is formed and input into a multi-mode fusion model for pulse condition classification and automatic dialectical analysis. According to the device, a visual analysis result is generated based on pulse condition characteristics in combination with eight-line syndrome differentiation and viscera syndrome differentiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) technology, specifically to a TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis. According to the principles of the Eight Principles of TCM pulse diagnosis and the differentiation of syndromes by internal organs, it is particularly suitable for auxiliary diagnosis and optimization of individualized treatment plans in TCM clinical practice. Background Technology

[0002] Pulse diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is one of the four diagnostic methods. It's an important diagnostic method that reflects the circulation of Qi and blood and the functional state of the internal organs by sensing changes in the strength, rhythm, and morphology of the radial artery pulse. However, traditional pulse diagnosis relies on the practitioner's tactile sensation, resulting in highly subjective and experience-dependent results, making objectivity and quantification difficult. Therefore, in recent years, researchers both domestically and internationally have developed various types of TCM pulse diagnosis instruments based on different physical detection principles, enabling the automatic acquisition and analysis of pulse signals.

[0003] Currently available TCM pulse diagnosis instruments can be mainly divided into four categories:

[0004] 1. Pressure-type pulse diagnostic instrument: This type of device senses subtle changes in the radial artery pulse waveform through a pressure sensor. It typically employs single-point or multi-point pressure acquisition methods, and some devices are equipped with an adjustable pressure mechanism to simulate the traditional Chinese medicine techniques of "lifting, pressing, and searching" to assess the pulse. The main advantage of this type of instrument is its ability to directly acquire pulse pressure signals, closely aligning with traditional palpation methods. It can extract basic pulse parameters such as pulse location, pulse strength, and pulse rhythm, and is widely used in the auxiliary detection of cardiovascular diseases.

[0005] 2. Photoelectric pulse diagnosis device: Based on photoplethysmography (PPG), this device utilizes the differences in blood absorption of different wavelengths of light to collect signals of changes in blood vessel volume in the fingertip or wrist. These devices typically combine multi-wavelength LED light emission with a photodetector to acquire physiological information such as pulse cycle and blood perfusion. They are non-contact, low-power, and easily integrated, and are commonly used in long-term health monitoring and wearable devices.

[0006] 3. Acoustic Pulse Diagnosis Instrument: This instrument picks up low-frequency acoustic signals generated by radial artery pulsation and analyzes their frequency, amplitude, and timing characteristics using algorithms such as wavelet transform and Hilbert-Huang transform. This method can identify subtle differences in pulse vibration, providing more spectral information for classifying pulse types such as slippery and choppy pulses. It has already been applied in the auxiliary diagnosis of some chronic diseases (such as gastrointestinal dysfunction and lumbar muscle strain).

[0007] 4. Ultrasound-based pulse diagnosis equipment: Utilizing ultrasound imaging and Doppler detection technology, this equipment enables visual monitoring of the radial artery, directly acquiring hemodynamic parameters such as vessel diameter, blood flow velocity, and pulse transit time. This type of equipment can reflect vascular elasticity and cardiac ejection function, and has significant advantages in assessing vascular-related diseases such as hypertension and arteriosclerosis.

[0008] Although the aforementioned devices have made some progress in pulse objectification, the existing technology still has the following shortcomings:

[0009] 1. Limited Dimensions of Pulse Information Acquisition: Existing pulse diagnosis instruments generally focus on a single physical signal (such as pressure, optical, or acoustic), making it difficult to simultaneously cover the four elements of "location, number, shape, and momentum" in traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis. For example, pressure-type devices cannot reflect changes in blood perfusion, and photoelectric devices lack the ability to quantify vascular tension and pulse shape, resulting in incomplete extraction of pulse characteristics.

[0010] 2. Limited spatial resolution and positioning accuracy: Traditional systems mostly use single-point or sparse array sensors, which makes it difficult to accurately correspond to the six positions of the radial artery pulse. Most devices lack automatic positioning functions and require manual adjustment of the pulse taking position; even those that use array structures still have insufficient accuracy in their interpolation algorithms, making it difficult to reconstruct the continuous spatial distribution characteristics of the radial artery pulse.

[0011] 3. Significant motion artifact interference: In actual measurements, subtle movements of the subject's limbs, breathing, and changes in posture can all lead to signal distortion. Existing filtering algorithms have limited effectiveness in suppressing non-stationary motion artifacts, especially in wearable scenarios where the signal-to-noise ratio is generally below 80dB, thus affecting the accuracy of pulse parameter extraction.

[0012] 4. Low correlation with TCM syndromes: Most existing devices only quantify the physiological parameters of the pulse wave (such as pulse rate and conduction velocity), and the correspondence with the TCM Eight Principles of Differentiation and the theory of Zang-Fu organs is unclear. There is a lack of algorithmic modeling for typical pulse characteristics (such as wiry, slippery, and hesitant) and related syndromes (such as liver stagnation and phlegm-dampness), making it difficult to directly serve TCM clinical syndrome differentiation.

[0013] 5. Complex operation and high cost: Ultrasound-based pulse diagnosis equipment has a complex structure and high cost (the price of a single unit can reach hundreds of thousands of yuan), and requires professional personnel to operate, which is not conducive to promotion in grassroots institutions; some intelligent pulse diagnosis systems have complex algorithms and high requirements for computing hardware, resulting in large equipment size, short battery life (mostly less than 3 hours), and poor ease of use. Summary of the Invention

[0014] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention provides a pulse diagnosis instrument. Utilizing multimodal sensing technology, a traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument is developed to achieve multi-dimensional acquisition and high-precision processing of pulse information, as well as intelligent correlation of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes. This provides an objective and standardized tool for clinical diagnosis and research in traditional Chinese medicine, promoting the popularization and application of traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis technology.

[0015] The solution of the present invention to the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0016] A TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis includes a housing, a central control unit, and a pulse diagnosis device installed inside the housing;

[0017] The outer casing is provided with an insertion hole for an arm to be inserted;

[0018] The central control unit is connected to the pulse diagnosis device;

[0019] The pulse diagnosis device includes three identical pulse diagnosis components: a first pulse diagnosis component, a second pulse diagnosis component, and a third pulse diagnosis component. The first pulse diagnosis component corresponds to the cun pulse position, the second pulse diagnosis component corresponds to the guan pulse position, and the third pulse diagnosis component corresponds to the chi pulse position. Each pulse diagnosis component includes an outer ring, an inner gear, a motor, an air pump, a pneumatic piston, an optical sensor, a flexible wire mesh, a liquid annular bladder, and a thin-film pressure sensor. The outer ring and the inner gear are coaxially arranged with the insertion hole. The outer ring can move back and forth along the central axis, and the inner gear can rotate along the central axis. The motor that drives the rotation of the inner gear is mounted on the outer ring. A pneumatic piston pump for drawing gas is mounted on the outer ring. The beginning of the pneumatic piston is mounted on the inner ring of the internal gear. The center of the pneumatic piston shaft is the first light-transmitting hole. An optical sensor is installed inside the first light-transmitting hole. The narrow opening of a flexible wire mesh is fitted onto the end of the pneumatic piston. The flexible wire mesh is a retractable structure. A liquid annular bladder is wrapped inside the flexible wire mesh. The center of the liquid annular bladder is the second light-transmitting hole to avoid the optical sensor. The liquid annular bladder can extend out of the bottom surface of the flexible wire mesh. A thin-film pressure sensor is installed inside the internal gear. The thin-film pressure sensor and the liquid annular bladder are connected by a silicone tube.

[0020] Furthermore, the liquid annular capsule is made of liquid silicone and filled with liquid silicone. One end of the silicone tube is connected to the detection end of the thin-film pressure sensor, and the other end of the liquid silicone tube is connected to the liquid annular capsule. The thin-film pressure sensor in this invention can be purchased commercially.

[0021] Furthermore, the inner ring of the internal gear has a first mounting hole, the beginning of the pneumatic piston is installed in the first mounting hole, and the end of the pneumatic piston extends out of the inner circumferential surface of the internal gear. When the pneumatic piston is evacuated, it is in a compressed state, and when it is inflated, it is in an extended state.

[0022] The pneumatic piston is a bellows-type flexible pneumatic element with a pleated structure along its axial direction. When no air pressure is applied, it is in a compressed pleated state; when pressurized, it extends axially; and when depressurized or evacuated, it retracts axially. The pneumatic piston also has a double-layer clamping arm structure, including an outer clamping arm and an inner clamping arm arranged at intervals, forming a jacketed cavity between them to accommodate gas and communicate with the pneumatic piston body. Gas pumped by the air pump enters or exits within this jacketed cavity to drive the piston to complete the aforementioned axial extension and retraction actions.

[0023] Furthermore, the inner ring of the internal gear also has a first clearance through hole and a second clearance through hole. The air pipe of the air pump passes through the first clearance through hole to connect to the pneumatic piston, and the silicone tube of the liquid annular bladder passes through the second clearance through hole to connect to the thin-film pressure sensor. The purpose of this design is to make the pulse diagnosis component compact. During operation, the internal gear drives the pneumatic piston, optical sensor, flexible wire mesh, liquid annular bladder, and thin-film pressure sensor to rotate together.

[0024] Furthermore, the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring is provided with a positioning protrusion for installing the deep groove bearing of the iron cover;

[0025] The internal gear has mounting protrusions on its front and back sides;

[0026] The pulse diagnosis component also includes two deep-groove bearings with iron caps, located on the front and back of the internal gear, respectively. The stationary outer ring of the bearings forms a tight fit with the inner circumference of the outer ring, while the rotating inner ring forms a tight fit with the mounting protrusion of the internal gear. The bearing housing in this invention connects the outer ring and the internal gear, allowing the internal gear to rotate along its central axis while the outer ring remains stationary. This enables the optical module, pressure module, and airway module to accurately align with the center positions of the cun, guan, and chi pulse points. The two deep-groove bearings in this invention are relatively thin and can be obtained through commercial ordering.

[0027] The output shaft of the motor has a first reduction gear, and a second mounting hole is radially opened on the outer ring. A second reduction gear is installed in the second mounting hole. The first reduction gear, the second reduction gear and the internal gear are driven in sequence. The rotation angle of the internal gear is ±200°.

[0028] Furthermore, the aforementioned TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis also includes a power component for the push-pull pulse diagnosis component to move back and forth along the central axis. The power component includes a first bearing bracket, a second bearing bracket, a stepper motor, a coupling, a lead screw, a slider, and a guide rod. The first and second bearing brackets are fixed inside the outer casing. The stepper motor is mounted on the first bearing bracket, and the output shaft of the stepper motor is connected to the coupling. The coupling is connected to the beginning of the lead screw, and the end of the lead screw is mounted on the second bearing bracket through a bearing. The slider is sleeved on the lead screw and the guide rod, and the slider is fixed to the outer ring. The first and second bearing brackets are fixed to both ends of the guide rod, respectively.

[0029] Furthermore, the outer ring extends to have a mounting plate and a mounting base, with an air pump and a motor mounted on the mounting plate, and the slider of the power component fixedly connected to the mounting base.

[0030] Furthermore, the outer shell is equipped with an aluminum profile frame for easy installation. The first bearing frame and the second bearing frame are mounted on the aluminum profile frame. The outer shell is also equipped with two hand support frames, which are fixed to the outer shell. These are the first hand support frame and the second hand support frame, respectively. The first hand support frame and the second hand support frame are respectively located at the front end and the rear end of the pulse diagnosis component. The arm passes through the first hand support frame, the third pulse diagnosis component, the second pulse diagnosis component, the first pulse diagnosis component, and the second hand support frame in sequence.

[0031] Furthermore, the first bearing bracket and the second bearing bracket of the first pulse diagnosis component are mounted on the aluminum profile frame on the right top surface, the first bearing bracket and the second bearing bracket of the second pulse diagnosis component are mounted on the aluminum profile frame on the left bottom surface, and the first bearing bracket and the second bearing bracket of the third pulse diagnosis component are mounted on the aluminum profile frame on the right bottom surface, which saves space.

[0032] Furthermore, the housing includes a base and a top cover, which are detachably mounted to facilitate maintenance, calibration, and replacement of internal components.

[0033] Furthermore, the first hand support frame and the second hand support frame are fixedly mounted on the base.

[0034] Furthermore, the outer shell is made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy and medical-grade ABS composite material. It possesses excellent impact resistance and corrosion resistance, maintaining structural stability during repeated operation and handling, thus ensuring the safety and durability of the equipment. The shell surface is treated with anodizing and anti-fingerprint coating, resulting in a smooth, easy-to-clean surface that effectively reduces the risk of dust, sweat, or liquid seeping into the internal modules. This facilitates daily cleaning and disinfection in a medical environment and helps extend the equipment's lifespan, improving overall safety and reliability.

[0035] Furthermore, the main control unit has a built-in Bluetooth module, which transmits the collected signals to external terminals (computers / tablets / mobile phones) in real time via Bluetooth Low Energy. External software displays the real-time waveforms and automatically analyzes the results. Bluetooth features automatic connection and encryption, which is both power-saving and secure.

[0036] Equipment assembly:

[0037] (1) Place the base on a flat and stable workbench, fix the aluminum profile frame, and install the first bearing bracket, second bearing bracket, stepper motor and lead screw of the power components to ensure that the power components are installed firmly and run smoothly.

[0038] (2) Fix the first pulse diagnosis component, the second pulse diagnosis component and the third pulse diagnosis component to the designated position of the aluminum profile frame, and use a special positioning fixture to accurately correct the coaxiality and end face parallelism of the outer ring, the inner gear and the insertion hole to ensure the accuracy of the mechanical structure.

[0039] (3) Installation of the pneumatic circuit module and pressure module: Install the pressure sensor on the internal gear and connect the pressure sensor and the liquid annular bladder through a silicone tube to form a closed hydraulic transmission circuit. Before connection, the silicone tube should be vacuum degassed to ensure that there are no air bubbles or leaks inside and to maintain excellent sealing performance. At the same time, connect the air pump and the pneumatic piston to realize closed-loop control of the pneumatic circuit, and connect the pneumatic circuit module to the main control circuit board through a flexible cable.

[0040] (4) Installation of optical and Bluetooth modules: Embed the multi-wavelength optical modules into the first light-transmitting holes of each pneumatic piston, ensuring that the optical path is coaxial with the center of the pneumatic piston to guarantee signal acquisition accuracy. Connect the optical modules to the main control circuit board using flexible cables, ensuring proper wiring and securing the wiring harness, and allowing for necessary movement margins. Install the main control circuit board, power module, and Bluetooth module, check the contact reliability of each connection point, and confirm that the signal interface markings are clear and securely fixed.

[0041] (5) Housing Installation and System Debugging: After assembling the internal components, align and install the housing cover with the base, tighten the fixing bolts, and check the positions of the control buttons, indicator lights, and interface openings to ensure that the housing is stable and does not affect the movement range of the internal transmission mechanism. After assembly, perform a system power-on self-test, sequentially checking the stepper motor zeroing, the pressure response of the liquid annular bladder, the signal strength of the optical sensor, and the Bluetooth communication status to confirm that the overall system is operating stably.

[0042] Equipment maintenance and cleaning:

[0043] (1) Daily maintenance: The equipment should be kept clean and dry to prevent liquids, dust or foreign objects from entering the housing. After each test, the power should be turned off and the surface should be cleaned only after the system has been completely depressurized. When cleaning, use a soft, lint-free cloth dampened with neutral detergent to gently wipe the housing and pressure module. Do not use solutions containing corrosive substances or high concentrations of alcohol to prevent damage to the liquid ring capsule and optical sensor.

[0044] (2) Inspection of gas circuit and pipeline: The sealing performance of the liquid ring bladder and silicone tubing should be checked regularly to ensure that there is no looseness or leakage at any connection interface. If uneven inflation or abnormal pressure response occurs, the seals should be replaced and the gas circuit module should be recalibrated in time. It is recommended to replace the filter of the gas circuit module every 3 to 6 months to maintain the cleanliness and stability of the gas source.

[0045] (3) Optical and sensor maintenance: Keep the first through hole of the pneumatic piston clean. If there are stains, wipe gently with anhydrous ethanol and let it air dry. Do not use hard tools or chemical solvents to clean the optical sensor to avoid scratches or corrosion. The pressure sensor should be zeroed and calibrated regularly, and should be kept away from high pressure for a long time to extend its service life.

[0046] (4) Electrical system maintenance: Regularly check the power cord, signal cable, and Bluetooth module interface to ensure that the connection is secure and the insulation is intact. It is recommended to perform functional tests on the motor, stepper motor, and main control every six months to confirm that they are operating stably. If communication interruption, abnormal display, or control failure occurs, stop using the device immediately and have it repaired by a professional technician.

[0047] (5) Storage and Environmental Requirements: The equipment should be stored in a dry, ventilated environment free of corrosive gases. When the equipment is to be out of use for an extended period, the power should be disconnected, residual pressure released, and the air inlets sealed to prevent dust from entering. Before restarting the equipment, a system self-test and pressure test should be performed to confirm that the equipment is in normal working order before it can be used.

[0048] A detection method for a traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis includes the following steps:

[0049] (1) System startup and self-test: The air circuit module of the TCM pulse diagnosis instrument includes an air pump and a pneumatic piston, the optical module includes an optical sensor, and the pressure module includes a thin film pressure sensor, a liquid ring bladder and a flexible wire mesh. After the TCM pulse diagnosis instrument is powered on, the main control detects the operating status of the motor, stepper motor, air circuit module, optical module, pressure module and Bluetooth communication module in sequence to complete the self-test process.

[0050] (2) Sensor calibration and standby: The main control performs zero-point calibration on the optical sensor and the thin film pressure sensor, establishes the initial baseline value and clears the residual data from the previous detection, completes the initialization, and automatically enters the standby state to prepare for the pulse taking process;

[0051] (3) Optical scanning and wrist positioning: The optical module scans the wrist area in low power mode and automatically identifies the radial styloid process and radial artery direction by reflecting light intensity and tissue characteristics. The stepper motor drives the pulse diagnosis component to move back and forth along the central axis of the outer ring, inner gear and insertion hole. The motor drives the inner gear of the pulse diagnosis component to rotate to determine the center position of the three parts of the cun pulse position, guan pulse position and chi pulse position, providing coordinate reference for subsequent automatic fitting.

[0052] (4) Automatic fit and pneumatic fine adjustment: The main control controls the gas delivery of the air circuit module according to the skin contact pressure signal fed back by the pressure adjustment module, so that the three parts of the Cun, Guan and Chi pulse positions fit the skin evenly and the signal is stable, and the fit state is locked.

[0053] (5) Layered pressurization: The main control module performs three-layer pressurization actions of light, medium and heavy pressurization according to the preset pressure curve, and records the pressure change of the thin film pressure sensor and the response signal of the optical sensor. This process simulates the pulse-taking technique of "lifting, pressing and searching" in traditional Chinese medicine, and provides basic data for pulse analysis at different levels.

[0054] (6) Multimodal synchronous acquisition: Signals from each channel are recorded with a unified time reference, and multimodal information including pulse rate, pulse rhythm, pulse position, pulse shape and pulse potential is extracted to achieve synchronous sampling;

[0055] (7) Signal monitoring and stability control: The central control monitors the quality of the acquired signal and ambient light interference factors in real time, and maintains the stability of the acquisition process by fine-tuning the pressure module and / or calling the filtering algorithm to ensure clear pulse waveform and continuous sampling process;

[0056] (8) Data transmission and preprocessing: After multimodal synchronous sampling is completed, the Bluetooth communication module transmits the multimodal data to the central control. The central control performs noise filtering, baseline correction and feature extraction on the received data to obtain a standardized feature matrix, which provides input data for subsequent modeling and analysis.

[0057] (9) Model calculation and pulse analysis: The preprocessed feature matrix is ​​input into the multimodal fusion model. The multimodal fusion model integrates five core indicators: pulse rate, pulse rhythm, pulse position, pulse shape and pulse momentum. It extracts and automatically classifies the pulse morphology features, and generates pulse classification results and corresponding feature parameters.

[0058] (10) Eight-Principle Differentiation, Zang-Fu Differentiation and Result Output: Input the pulse classification results into the TCM differentiation mapping module to obtain the analysis results based on the Eight-Principle Differentiation and Zang-Fu Differentiation, including Yin-Yang, Exterior-Interior, Cold-Heat, Deficiency-Excess and related Zang-Fu functional tendencies; The central control generates a visual detection report based on this, which includes pulse curve, main parameters and differentiation conclusions, and is used to provide physicians with reference and / or upload to the cloud database.

[0059] Furthermore, in step (6), multimodal information including pulse rate, pulse rhythm, pulse position, pulse shape and pulse potential is extracted, including extracting the main wave height h1, diabetic pre-wave ratio h3 / h1, and photoplethysmography (PPG) amplitude variation coefficient.

[0060] Furthermore, the overall control system uses an STM32 microcontroller.

[0061] This invention relates to a multimodal analysis-based TCM pulse diagnosis instrument, comprising a gas pathway module, an optical module, a pressure module, and a Bluetooth communication module. These modules work collaboratively to achieve automatic location tracking, layered pressure application, multimodal synchronous detection, and data analysis output of wrist pulse signals. This enables objective, quantifiable, and highly repeatable pulse signal detection, providing reliable data support and technical assurance for TCM clinical practice, teaching, and research. The invention has the following design features:

[0062] 1. The first, second, and third pulse diagnosis components and the insertion port of this invention are coaxially arranged and sequentially distributed along the three pulse positions of the radial artery: "cun," "guan," and "chi." This structural feature makes the overall mechanical frame compact and symmetrical, improves the repeatability accuracy of the three pulse positions and the consistency of signal acquisition, and provides stable structural support for achieving high-fidelity pulse signal detection.

[0063] 2. Each pulse diagnosis component is equipped with a stepper motor on its outer ring. The stepper motor drives a lead screw, which in turn drives the outer ring to move linearly along the y-axis of the central axis. This is used to control the pulse diagnosis device to position the "cun, guan, chi" points in the wrist area.

[0064] Each pulse diagnosis unit includes an outer ring and an inner gear arranged coaxially. The inner gear can rotate around a central axis, or the θ axis. A motor mounted on the outer ring meshes with the inner gear to form a circumferential drive unit. Rotation in the θ direction enables circumferential scanning of the corresponding pulse position section and adjustment of the optimal measurement orientation.

[0065] Each pulse diagnosis unit's air circuit module includes an air pump and a pneumatic piston mechanism. The central control module, based on feedback from the thin-film pressure sensor and optical sensor, adjusts the inflation and deflation of each air pump in real time, enabling each pressure module to automatically fine-tune in the z-axis direction to maintain an appropriate contact pressure.

[0066] Through coordinated control of linear displacement along the y-axis, rotation along the θ-axis, and fine-tuning of the z-axis airway, this TCM pulse diagnosis instrument can automatically locate, pressurize, and adaptively fit the three pulse positions of "cun, guan, and chi," improving the stability and repeatability of the detection.

[0067] This invention utilizes the synergistic effect of a pneumatic piston, flexible wire mesh, and a liquid annular bladder to enable the probe head to achieve precise adaptive adjustment, automatically conforming to the wrist circumference and skin curvature of different subjects. The pneumatic piston achieves micro-expansion and contraction through air pressure regulation, the flexible wire mesh provides conformal support, and the fluid inside the liquid annular bladder redistributes under pressure, allowing the probe head to achieve independent floating and pressure equalization at different points. This structure effectively eliminates localized suspension or overpressure caused by differences in wrist shape, ensuring stable contact and appropriate pressure at each measurement point during the detection process. Simultaneously, the flexible structure and liquid medium provide a buffering effect, resulting in uniform contact pressure distribution, reducing localized pressure, and improving subject comfort. Through this design, the pulse diagnostic instrument balances structural stability and physiological comfort in multimodal signal acquisition, providing a reliable structural foundation for high-fidelity pulse signal detection and repeatable clinical measurements.

[0068] 3. Each pulse diagnosis component is equipped with a pressure module, which includes a thin-film pressure sensor, a liquid annular capsule, and a flexible wire mesh. The liquid annular capsule is made of medical-grade liquid silicone, filled with a liquid silicone medium, and covered with a flexible wire mesh clamp to fix the relative position of the liquid annular capsule and the pneumatic piston and maintain a stable fit. The liquid annular capsule is connected to the thin-film pressure sensor through a silicone tube, forming a closed hydraulic conduction path. When the liquid annular capsule comes into contact with the skin and is subjected to a reaction force, the internal liquid medium is pressurized and transmitted through the silicone tube to the sensor diaphragm, realizing indirect measurement of contact pressure.

[0069] This structure separates the thin-film pressure sensor from the liquid annular capsule, avoiding the complex assembly of directly embedding the sensor into the contact surface, or the contamination and wear caused by direct skin contact. It achieves structural simplification and stable and sensitive signal transmission, providing reliable support for accurate pulse pressure sensing.

[0070] 4. Each pulse diagnosis component is equipped with a pneumatic module and an optical module. The optical module includes a multi-wavelength light source and an optical sensor. The multi-wavelength light signals emitted by the light source are reflected or transmitted through the skin and blood vessel tissue and then collected by the optical sensor. A first light-transmitting hole is located at the center of the pneumatic piston. The optical module is arranged along the central axis of the pneumatic piston. The light signals enter and exit through the first light-transmitting hole, and the illuminated area and the pressure application point are basically coincident in space, thereby achieving synchronous acquisition of optical and pressure signals. The outer wall of the pneumatic piston has a light-shielding structure to reduce ambient light interference and improve signal stability and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0071] During the detection preparation phase, the optical module is also used for automatic positioning. The optical module scans the wrist area in low-power mode, automatically identifying the radial styloid process and radial artery pathways through changes in reflected light intensity and tissue characteristics. The central control unit calculates the relative coordinates of the radial styloid process and radial artery based on the scan results, automatically determining the center position of the three pulse points: cun, guan, and chi. A stepper motor drives the pulse diagnosis component to move back and forth along the central axis of the outer ring, internal gear, and insertion hole. The motor also drives the internal gear of the pulse diagnosis component to rotate, achieving automatic alignment and contact between the pulse diagnosis component and the pulse position.

[0072] 5. The TCM pulse diagnosis instrument includes a central control unit, a gas path module, an optical module, a pressure module, and a Bluetooth communication module. The central control unit coordinates the working sequence and data interaction of each module, achieving synchronous control and information processing of the entire device. The central control unit controls the coordinated operation of the stepper motor, gas path module, and optical channel through a timed synchronous triggering method, thereby achieving synchronous measurement of multiple parameters.

[0073] The pressure module is used to detect the pressure and pressure change signals of the liquid annular balloon; the optical module is used to emit and receive light signals to obtain optical information related to blood flow changes. The central control unit collects detection data from the pressure and optical modules in real time and dynamically adjusts the pressurization rate and probe height based on feedback results to ensure the stability and safety of the measurement process.

[0074] The Bluetooth communication module is used to achieve wireless data transmission between the acquired signals and external terminals. The host computer can be a computer, tablet, or mobile device, which receives and displays real-time waveform data through dedicated software, performs feature extraction and analysis on the acquired signals, and generates pulse parameter curves and test reports. The system has automatic positioning, constant pressure control, anomaly detection, and data storage functions, and can complete the acquisition and analysis of pulse signals without manual intervention, providing objective and standardized data support for traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis.

[0075] The present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0076] 1. This invention employs a "pressure-photoelectric" multimodal sensing design, capable of simultaneously acquiring pulse position, rhythm, shape, rate, and momentum signals. Through the collaborative work of the pressure and optical modules, compared to traditional single-signal pulse diagnostic instruments, it can extract multiple key pulse parameters (such as the main wave height h1, dicrotic wave ratio h3 / h1, and photoplethysmography (PPG) amplitude variation coefficient), providing more comprehensive quantitative evidence for TCM diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (such as hypertension) and chronic diseases (such as chronic gastritis). This design significantly improves the completeness of pulse information and the reliability of diagnostic results, providing objective and standardized data support for TCM clinical diagnosis.

[0077] 2. Through coordinated control of linear displacement along the y-axis, rotation along the θ-axis, and fine-tuning of the z-axis airflow, automatic positioning of the cun, guan, and chi pulse positions is achieved with a positioning accuracy of ±1mm. The airflow module, combined with pressure feedback, enables layered pressurization and constant pressure maintenance, effectively simulating the traditional Chinese medicine pulse-taking techniques of "lifting, pressing, and searching." During the detection process, the central control dynamically adjusts the pressurization speed and probe height, ensuring clear and stable pulse signals and significantly improving data repeatability.

[0078] 3. By introducing median filtering and baseline correction algorithms, motion artifacts and low-frequency drift interference are effectively suppressed, improving the PPG signal-to-noise ratio to ≥85dB and controlling the pressure measurement error to ≤0.1kPa. Compared with existing pulse diagnosis equipment, this invention has significant advantages in signal quality and stability. Even when the subject is breathing or making slight limb movements, it can still stably extract pulse parameters, and the data repeatability reaches an industry-leading level.

[0079] 4. Adopting a modular design, the core control unit uses the cost-effective STM32 microcontroller, and the outer shell is made of 3D-printed PLA material. The overall equipment cost is only 1 / 10 to 1 / 8 of that of ultrasound pulse diagnosis equipment, and no professional personnel are required for operation. A 3.7V lithium battery supports ≥4 hours of continuous operation, suitable for primary healthcare institutions, community health service centers, and traditional Chinese medicine teaching institutions. Compared to existing intelligent pulse diagnosis devices, it can be quickly deployed in township hospitals, traditional Chinese medicine clinics, and other scenarios, supporting 5000 installations annually. + The training and clinical auxiliary diagnosis of pulse diagnosis for a number of people will promote the objectification of pulse diagnosis technology to the grassroots level and help popularize appropriate TCM technologies.

[0080] 5. The syndrome correlation model is adapted to TCM syndrome differentiation, bridging the gap between parameters and diagnosis. Professional TCM physicians classify and label typical pulse patterns such as the wiry pulse of primary hypertension and the hesitant pulse of chronic gastritis with eight elements: pulse position, pulse strength, pulse shape, pulse rhythm, pulse rate, pulse momentum, and smoothness. Combined with a deep learning model, the mapping relationship between pulse parameters and TCM syndromes is constructed, adapting to the differences in syndrome differentiation in different regions and schools of thought. This allows the device output to directly serve TCM syndrome differentiation decision-making, helping primary care physicians to accurately identify complex pulse patterns and promoting the deep integration of pulse diagnosis objectification and clinical thinking.

[0081] 6. Integrate teaching and research, and expand the application scenarios of equipment.

[0082] The device supports real-time 3D pulse map construction, which can intuitively display the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of the pulse. Combined with pulse parameter annotation, it becomes an important tool for TCM teaching, helping students understand the concrete characteristics of the wiry pulse ("straight and long") and the slippery pulse ("smooth and flowing"), thus shortening the pulse diagnosis learning cycle. Simultaneously, the device features USB-C and BLE 5.0 data transmission capabilities, allowing it to connect to TCM pulse databases and support multi-center data aggregation and algorithm iteration. This provides standardized data acquisition tools for research projects such as pulse diagnosis instrument development and syndrome correlation studies, promoting the large-scale development of modern TCM pulse diagnosis research. Attached Figure Description

[0083] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to the present invention.

[0084] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial structural diagram of the pulse diagnosis device.

[0085] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A localized image of agitation.

[0086] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pulse diagnosis component.

[0087] Figure 5yes Figure 4 A partial structural diagram.

[0088] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the outer ring structure.

[0089] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 Another perspective of the partial structure.

[0090] Figure 8 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0091] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the assembly of the pressure module, optical module, and air path module.

[0092] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Exploded view.

[0093] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the power components.

[0094] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to the present invention.

[0095] Figure 13 This is an analysis result based on the Eight Principles of Diagnosis. Detailed Implementation

[0096] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0097] Example 1:

[0098] like Figure 1 The TCM pulse diagnosis instrument 100 based on multimodal analysis shown includes a housing 2, a main control unit 3, and a pulse diagnosis device installed in the housing 2.

[0099] like Figure 1 The outer casing 2 shown is provided with an insertion hole 21 for an arm to be inserted;

[0100] like Figure 1 The main control unit 3 shown is connected to the pulse diagnosis device;

[0101] like Figures 2 to 10The pulse diagnosis device shown includes three identical pulse diagnosis components 5: a first pulse diagnosis component 51, a second pulse diagnosis component 52, and a third pulse diagnosis component 53. The first pulse diagnosis component 51 corresponds to the cun pulse position, the second pulse diagnosis component 52 corresponds to the guan pulse position, and the third pulse diagnosis component 53 corresponds to the chi pulse position. Each pulse diagnosis component 5 includes an outer ring 6, an inner gear 7, a motor 61, an air pump 62, a pneumatic piston 63, an optical sensor 4, a flexible wire mesh 10, a liquid annular bladder 9, and a thin-film pressure sensor 91. The outer ring 6 and the inner gear 7 are coaxially arranged with the insertion hole 21. The outer ring 6 can move back and forth along the central axis, and the inner gear 7 can rotate along the central axis. The motor 61, which drives the inner gear 7 to rotate, is mounted on the outer ring 6. A pneumatic piston 63 and a gas pump 62 are installed on the outer ring 6. The beginning of the pneumatic piston 63 is installed on the inner ring 82 of the internal gear 7. The shaft center of the pneumatic piston 63 is the first light-transmitting hole 64. The optical sensor 4 is installed inside the first light-transmitting hole 64. The narrow opening of the flexible wire mesh 10 is fitted onto the end of the pneumatic piston 63. The flexible wire mesh 10 is a retractable structure. The flexible wire mesh 10 is wrapped with a liquid annular bladder 9. The center of the liquid annular bladder 9 is the second light-transmitting hole 92 that avoids the optical sensor 4. The liquid annular bladder 9 can extend out of the bottom surface of the flexible wire mesh 10. The thin film pressure sensor 91 is installed inside the internal gear 7. The thin film pressure sensor 91 is connected to the liquid annular bladder 9 through a silicone tube 93.

[0102] In this embodiment, as Figure 9 , Figure 10 As shown, the liquid annular capsule 9 is made of liquid silicone and filled with liquid silicone. One end of the silicone tube 93 is connected to the detection end 94 of the thin-film pressure sensor 91, and the other end of the liquid silicone tube 93 is connected to the liquid annular capsule 9. In this embodiment, the thin-film pressure sensor 91 is a resistive thin-film pressure sensor module purchased from the market.

[0103] In this embodiment, as Figure 8 As shown, the inner ring 82 of the internal gear 7 has a first mounting hole 76. The beginning end of the pneumatic piston 63 is installed in the first mounting hole 76, and the end of the pneumatic piston 63 extends out of the inner circumferential surface of the internal gear 7. When the pneumatic piston 63 is evacuated, it is in a compressed state, and when it is inflated, it is in an extended state.

[0104] like Figure 10 As shown, the pneumatic piston 63 is a bellows-type flexible pneumatic element with a pleated structure along its axial direction. When no air pressure is applied, it is in a compressed pleated state; when pressurized, it extends axially; and when depressurized or evacuated, it retracts axially. The pneumatic piston 63 also has a double-layer clamping arm structure, including an outer clamping arm and an inner clamping arm arranged at intervals, forming a jacketed cavity between them to accommodate gas and communicate with the body of the pneumatic piston 63. Gas pumped by the air pump 62 enters or exits within this jacketed cavity to drive the piston to complete the aforementioned axial extension and retraction actions.

[0105] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 , Figure 8 As shown, the inner ring 82 of the internal gear 7 also has a first clearance through hole 71 and a second clearance through hole 72. The air pipe 69 of the air pump 62 passes through the first clearance through hole 71 and connects to the pneumatic piston 63. The silicone tube 93 of the liquid annular bladder 9 passes through the second clearance through hole 72 and connects to the thin-film pressure sensor 91. The purpose of this design is to make the structure of the pulse diagnosis component 5 compact. During operation, the internal gear 7 drives the pneumatic piston 63, optical sensor 4, flexible wire mesh 10, liquid annular bladder 9 and thin-film pressure sensor 91 to rotate together.

[0106] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 6 is provided with a positioning protrusion 65 for installing the iron cover deep groove bearing 8.

[0107] The internal gear 7 has mounting protrusions 73 on its front and back sides;

[0108] The pulse diagnosis component 5 also includes two iron-capped deep groove bearings 8, located on the front and back of the internal gear 7, respectively. The stationary outer ring 81 of the iron-capped deep groove bearing 8 forms a tight fit with the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 6, and the rotating inner ring 82 of the iron-capped deep groove bearing 8 forms a tight fit with the mounting protrusion 73 of the internal gear 7. The iron-capped deep groove bearing 8 in this invention connects the outer ring 6 and the internal gear 7, allowing the internal gear 7 to rotate along the central axis while the outer ring 6 remains stationary. This enables the optical module, pressure module, and airway module to accurately align with the center positions of the cun, guan, and chi pulse points. The two iron-capped deep groove bearings 8 in this embodiment are relatively thin and can be obtained through market ordering.

[0109] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the output shaft of the motor 61 has a first reduction gear 74, and the outer ring 6 has a second mounting hole 66 radially opened. The second mounting hole 66 is provided with a second reduction gear 75. The first reduction gear 74, the second reduction gear 75 and the inner gear 7 are driven in sequence. The rotation angle of the inner gear 7 is ±200°.

[0110] like Figure 11As shown in this embodiment, the TCM pulse diagnosis instrument 100 based on multimodal analysis further includes a power component 1 that moves the push-pull pulse diagnosis component 5 back and forth along the central axis. The power component 1 includes a first bearing frame 11, a second bearing frame 12, a stepper motor 13, a coupling 14, a lead screw 15, a slider 16, and a guide rod 17. The first bearing frame 11 and the second bearing frame 12 are fixed inside the outer shell 2. The stepper motor 13 is mounted on the first bearing frame 11. The output shaft of the stepper motor 13 is connected to the coupling 14. The coupling 14 is connected to the beginning of the lead screw 15. The end of the lead screw 15 is mounted on the second bearing frame 12 through a bearing. The slider 16 is sleeved on the lead screw 15 and the guide rod 17. The slider 16 is fixed to the outer ring 6. The first bearing frame 11 and the second bearing frame 12 are fixed to both ends of the guide rod 17, respectively.

[0111] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 As shown, the outer ring 6 extends to a mounting plate 67 and a mounting base 68. An air pump 62 and a motor 61 are mounted on the mounting plate 67, and the slider 16 of the power component 1 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 68.

[0112] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the outer shell 2 is provided with an aluminum profile frame 24 for easy installation. The first bearing frame 11 and the second bearing frame 12 are installed on the aluminum profile frame 24. The outer shell 2 is also provided with two hand support frames, which are fixed to the outer shell 2. They are the first hand support frame 22 and the second hand support frame 23. The first hand support frame 22 and the second hand support frame 23 are respectively located at the front end and the rear end of the pulse diagnosis component 5. The arm passes through the first hand support frame 22, the third pulse diagnosis component 53, the second pulse diagnosis component 52, the first pulse diagnosis component 51, and the second hand support frame 23 in sequence.

[0113] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the first bearing bracket 11 and the second bearing bracket 12 of the first pulse diagnosis component 51 are mounted on the aluminum profile frame 24 on the right top surface, the first bearing bracket 11 and the second bearing bracket 12 of the second pulse diagnosis component 52 are mounted on the aluminum profile frame 24 on the left bottom surface, and the first bearing bracket 11 and the second bearing bracket 12 of the third pulse diagnosis component 53 are mounted on the aluminum profile frame 24 on the right bottom surface, which facilitates the correspondence with the "cun, guan, chi" pulse positions and saves space.

[0114] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the housing 2 includes a base 25 and a top cover 26, which are detachable for easy maintenance, calibration and replacement of internal components.

[0115] In this embodiment, as Figure 3As shown, the first hand support frame 22 and the second hand support frame 23 are fixedly mounted on the base 25.

[0116] In this embodiment, the outer shell 2 is made of lightweight, high-strength aluminum alloy and medical-grade ABS composite material. It possesses excellent impact resistance and corrosion resistance, maintaining structural stability during repeated operations and handling, thus ensuring the safety and durability of the equipment. The surface of the outer shell 2 is treated with anodizing and anti-fingerprint coating, resulting in a smooth surface that is easy to clean. This effectively reduces the risk of dust, sweat, or liquid seeping into the internal modules, facilitating daily cleaning and disinfection in a medical environment, and helping to extend the equipment's lifespan and improve overall safety and reliability.

[0117] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, the main control unit 3 has a built-in Bluetooth module 31, which transmits the collected signals to an external terminal (computer / tablet / mobile phone) in real time via Bluetooth Low Energy connection. The external software displays the real-time waveform and automatically analyzes the results. The Bluetooth module 31 has automatic connection and encryption, which is both power-saving and secure.

[0118] Example 2:

[0119] A detection method for a traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument 100 based on multimodal analysis includes the following steps, such as... Figure 12 As shown:

[0120] (1) System startup and self-test: The air circuit module of the TCM pulse diagnosis instrument 100 includes an air pump 62 and a pneumatic piston 63, the optical module includes an optical sensor 4, and the pressure module includes a thin film pressure sensor 91, a liquid ring bladder 9 and a flexible wire mesh 10. After the TCM pulse diagnosis instrument 100 is powered on, the main control 3 sequentially detects the operating status of the motor 61, the stepper motor 13, the air circuit module, the optical module, the pressure module and the Bluetooth module 31 to complete the self-test process;

[0121] (2) Sensor calibration and standby: The main control 3 performs zero-point calibration on the optical sensor 4 and the thin film pressure sensor 91, establishes the initial baseline value and clears the residual data from the last detection, completes the initialization, and automatically enters the standby state to prepare for the pulse taking process;

[0122] (3) Optical scanning and wrist positioning: The optical module scans the wrist area in low power mode and automatically identifies the radial styloid process and radial artery direction by the changes in reflected light intensity and tissue characteristics. The stepper motor 13 drives the pulse diagnosis component 5 to move back and forth along the central axis of the outer ring 6, the inner gear 7 and the insertion hole 21. The motor 61 drives the inner gear 7 of the pulse diagnosis component 5 to rotate, and determines the center position of the three parts of the cun pulse position, guan pulse position and chi pulse position, providing a coordinate reference for subsequent automatic fitting.

[0123] (4) Automatic fit and pneumatic fine adjustment: The main control 3 controls the gas delivery of the air circuit module according to the skin contact pressure signal fed back by the pressure adjustment module, so that the three parts of the Cun pulse position, Guan pulse position and Chi pulse position fit the skin evenly and the signal is stable, and the fit state is locked.

[0124] Each set of pulse diagnosis components 5 has an outer ring 6 equipped with a stepper motor 13. The stepper motor 13 drives the lead screw 15, which drives the outer ring 6 to move linearly along the y-axis of the central axis. This is used to control the pulse diagnosis device to position the "cun, guan, chi" points in the wrist area.

[0125] Each pulse diagnosis component 5 includes an outer ring 6 and an inner gear 7 arranged coaxially. The inner gear 7 can rotate around a central axis, that is, the θ axis. A motor 61 mounted on the outer ring 6 meshes with the inner gear 7 to form a circumferential drive unit. Rotation in the θ direction enables circumferential scanning of the corresponding pulse position section and adjustment of the optimal measurement orientation.

[0126] Each pulse diagnosis component 5 includes an air circuit module consisting of an air pump 62 and a pneumatic piston 63. The main control module 3 adjusts the inflation and deflation of each air pump 62 in real time based on feedback from the thin-film pressure sensor 91 and the optical sensor 4, so that each pressure module automatically fine-tunes in the z-axis direction to maintain a suitable contact pressure.

[0127] Through coordinated control of linear displacement along the y-axis, rotation along the θ-axis, and fine-tuning of the z-axis airway, this TCM pulse diagnosis instrument 100 can automatically locate, pressurize, and adaptively fit the three pulse positions of "cun, guan, and chi," improving the stability and repeatability of the detection.

[0128] (5) Layered pressurization: The main control 3 controls the gas path module to perform three layers of pressurization actions of light, medium and heavy pressurization according to the preset pressure curve, and records the pressure change of the thin film pressure sensor 91 and the response signal of the optical sensor 4. This process simulates the pulse taking method of traditional Chinese medicine of "lifting, pressing and searching", and provides basic data for pulse analysis at different levels.

[0129] (6) Multimodal synchronous acquisition: Signals from each channel are recorded with a unified time reference, and multimodal information including pulse rate, pulse rhythm, pulse position, pulse shape and pulse potential is extracted to achieve synchronous sampling;

[0130] This invention employs a pressure-photoelectric multimodal sensing design, capable of simultaneously acquiring pulse position, rhythm, shape, rate, and momentum signals. Through the collaborative work of the pressure and optical modules, compared to traditional single-signal pulse diagnostic instruments, it can extract multiple key pulse parameters (such as the main wave height h1, dicrotic wave ratio h3 / h1, and photoplethysmography (PPG) amplitude variation coefficient), providing more comprehensive quantitative evidence for TCM diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (such as hypertension) and chronic diseases (such as chronic gastritis). This design significantly improves the completeness of pulse information and the reliability of diagnostic results, providing objective and standardized data support for TCM clinical diagnosis.

[0131] (7) Signal monitoring and stability control: The main control 3 monitors the quality of the acquired signal and ambient light interference factors in real time, and maintains the stability of the acquisition process by fine-tuning the pressure module and / or calling the filtering algorithm to ensure clear pulse waveform and continuous sampling process;

[0132] (8) Data transmission and preprocessing: After the multimodal synchronous sampling is completed, the Bluetooth communication module transmits the multimodal data to the main control 3. The main control 3 performs noise filtering, baseline correction and feature extraction on the received data to obtain a standardized feature matrix, which provides input data for subsequent modeling and analysis;

[0133] (9) Model calculation and pulse analysis: The preprocessed feature matrix is ​​input into the multimodal fusion model. The multimodal fusion model integrates five core indicators: pulse rate, pulse rhythm, pulse position, pulse shape and pulse momentum. It extracts and automatically classifies the pulse morphology features, and generates pulse classification results and corresponding feature parameters.

[0134] (10) Eight-Principle Differentiation, Zang-Fu Differentiation and Result Output: Input the pulse classification results into the TCM differentiation mapping module to obtain the analysis results based on the Eight-Principle Differentiation and Zang-Fu Differentiation, including Yin-Yang, Exterior-Interior, Cold-Heat, Deficiency-Excess and related Zang-Fu functional tendencies; The overall control 3 generates a visual detection report based on this, which includes pulse curve, main parameters and differentiation conclusions, and is used to provide physicians with reference and / or upload to the cloud database.

[0135] like Figure 13 As shown, the syndrome correlation model is adapted to TCM syndrome differentiation, filling the gap between "parameters and diagnosis". Professional TCM doctors classify and label eight elements of typical pulses such as wiry pulse in primary hypertension and choppy pulse in chronic gastritis, including pulse position, pulse strength, pulse shape, pulse rhythm, pulse rate, pulse momentum, smoothness, and blood oxygenation. Combined with a deep learning model, the mapping relationship between pulse parameters and TCM syndromes is constructed, adapting to the differences in syndrome differentiation in different regions and schools of thought. This allows the device output to directly serve TCM syndrome differentiation decision-making, helping primary care physicians to accurately identify complex pulses and promoting the deep integration of pulse diagnosis objectification and clinical thinking.

[0136] (11) End and Reset: After the test is completed, the pneumatic piston 63 automatically depressurizes and the liquid annular airbag returns to its initial position. The pneumatic module, optical module and pressure module return to standby mode, and the Bluetooth module 31 is disconnected. The operator can then clean and disinfect the equipment surface to prepare for the next test.

[0137] In this embodiment, step (6) extracts multimodal information including pulse rate, pulse rhythm, pulse position, pulse shape and pulse potential, including extracting the main wave height h1, diabetic pre-wave ratio h3 / h1, and photoplethysmography (PPG) amplitude variation coefficient.

[0138] In this embodiment, the main control unit 3 is an STM32 microcontroller.

[0139] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above content. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis, characterized in that: Includes the housing, the main control unit, and the pulse diagnosis device installed within the housing; The outer casing is provided with an insertion hole for an arm to be inserted; The central control unit is connected to the pulse diagnosis device; The pulse diagnosis device includes three identical pulse diagnosis components: a first pulse diagnosis component, a second pulse diagnosis component, and a third pulse diagnosis component. The first pulse diagnosis component corresponds to the cun pulse position, the second pulse diagnosis component corresponds to the guan pulse position, and the third pulse diagnosis component corresponds to the chi pulse position. Each pulse diagnosis component includes an outer ring, an inner gear, a motor, an air pump, a pneumatic piston, an optical sensor, a flexible wire mesh, a liquid annular bladder, and a thin-film pressure sensor. The outer ring and the inner gear are coaxially arranged with the insertion hole. The outer ring can move back and forth along the central axis, and the inner gear can rotate along the central axis. The motor that drives the rotation of the inner gear is mounted on the outer ring. A pneumatic piston pump for drawing gas is mounted on the outer ring. The beginning of the pneumatic piston is mounted on the inner ring of the internal gear. The center of the pneumatic piston shaft is the first light-transmitting hole. An optical sensor is installed inside the first light-transmitting hole. The narrow opening of a flexible wire mesh is fitted onto the end of the pneumatic piston. The flexible wire mesh is a retractable structure. A liquid annular bladder is wrapped inside the flexible wire mesh. The center of the liquid annular bladder is the second light-transmitting hole to avoid the optical sensor. The liquid annular bladder can extend out of the bottom surface of the flexible wire mesh. A thin-film pressure sensor is installed inside the internal gear. The thin-film pressure sensor and the liquid annular bladder are connected by a silicone tube.

2. The TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid annular capsule is made of liquid silicone and is filled with liquid silicone. One end of the silicone tube is connected to the detection end of the thin-film pressure sensor, and the other end of the liquid silicone tube is connected to the liquid annular capsule.

3. The TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring of the internal gear has a first mounting hole. The beginning end of the pneumatic piston is installed in the first mounting hole, and the end end of the pneumatic piston extends out of the inner circumferential surface of the internal gear. When the pneumatic piston is evacuated, it is in a compressed state, and when it is inflated, it is in an extended state.

4. The TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner ring of the internal gear also has a first clearance through hole and a second clearance through hole. The air pipe of the air pump passes through the first clearance through hole and connects to the pneumatic piston. The silicone tube of the liquid annular bladder passes through the second clearance through hole and connects to the thin film pressure sensor.

5. A TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner circumferential surface of the outer ring is provided with a positioning protrusion for installing the iron cover deep groove bearing. The internal gear has mounting protrusions on its front and back sides; The pulse diagnosis component also includes two iron-capped deep groove bearings, which are located on the front and back of the internal gear, respectively. The stationary outer ring of the iron-capped deep groove bearing forms a tight fit with the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring, and the rotating inner ring of the iron-capped deep groove bearing forms a tight fit with the assembly protrusion of the internal gear. The output shaft of the motor has a first reduction gear, and a second mounting hole is radially opened on the outer ring. A second reduction gear is installed in the second mounting hole. The first reduction gear, the second reduction gear and the internal gear are driven in sequence. The rotation angle of the internal gear is ±200°.

6. The TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power component for the push-pull pulse diagnosis component to move back and forth along the central axis. The power component includes a first bearing bracket, a second bearing bracket, a stepper motor, a coupling, a lead screw, a slider, and a guide rod. The first and second bearing brackets are fixed inside the housing. The stepper motor is mounted on the first bearing bracket. The output shaft of the stepper motor is connected to the coupling. The coupling is connected to the beginning of the lead screw. The end of the lead screw is mounted on the second bearing bracket through a bearing. The slider is sleeved on the lead screw and the guide rod. The slider is fixed to the outer ring. The first and second bearing brackets are fixed to both ends of the guide rod, respectively.

7. A TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer ring extends to a mounting plate and a mounting base. An air pump and a motor are mounted on the mounting plate, and the slider of the power component is fixedly connected to the mounting base.

8. A TCM pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer shell is equipped with an aluminum profile frame for easy installation. The first bearing frame and the second bearing frame are mounted on the aluminum profile frame. The outer shell is also equipped with two hand support frames, which are fixed to the outer shell. These are the first hand support frame and the second hand support frame. The first hand support frame and the second hand support frame are respectively located at the front end and the rear end of the pulse diagnosis component. The arm passes through the first hand support frame, the third pulse diagnosis component, the second pulse diagnosis component, the first pulse diagnosis component, and the second hand support frame in sequence.

9. A detection method for a traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis instrument based on multimodal analysis, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) System startup and self-test: The air circuit module of the TCM pulse diagnosis instrument includes an air pump and a pneumatic piston, the optical module includes an optical sensor, and the pressure module includes a thin film pressure sensor, a liquid ring bladder and a flexible wire mesh. After the TCM pulse diagnosis instrument is powered on, the main control detects the operating status of the motor, stepper motor, air circuit module, optical module, pressure module and Bluetooth communication module in sequence to complete the self-test process. (2) Sensor calibration and standby: The main control performs zero-point calibration on the optical sensor and the thin film pressure sensor, establishes the initial baseline value and clears the residual data from the previous detection, completes the initialization, and automatically enters the standby state to prepare for the pulse taking process; (3) Optical scanning and wrist positioning: The optical module scans the wrist area in low power mode and automatically identifies the radial styloid process and radial artery direction by reflecting light intensity and tissue characteristics. The stepper motor drives the pulse diagnosis component to move back and forth along the central axis of the outer ring, inner gear and insertion hole. The motor drives the inner gear of the pulse diagnosis component to rotate to determine the center position of the three parts of the cun pulse position, guan pulse position and chi pulse position, providing coordinate reference for subsequent automatic fitting. (4) Automatic fit and pneumatic fine adjustment: The main control controls the gas delivery of the air circuit module according to the skin contact pressure signal fed back by the pressure adjustment module, so that the three parts of the Cun, Guan and Chi pulse positions fit the skin evenly and the signal is stable, and the fit state is locked. (5) Layered pressurization: The main control module performs three-layer pressurization actions of light, medium and heavy pressurization according to the preset pressure curve, and records the pressure change of the thin film pressure sensor and the response signal of the optical sensor. This process simulates the "lifting, pressing and searching" pulse-taking technique in traditional Chinese medicine, and provides basic data for pulse analysis at different levels. (6) Multimodal synchronous acquisition: Signals from each channel are recorded with a unified time reference, and multimodal information including pulse position, pulse rate, pulse rhythm, pulse shape and pulse momentum is extracted to achieve synchronous sampling; (7) Signal monitoring and stability control: The central control monitors the quality of the acquired signal in real time, automatically identifies motion artifacts and ambient light interference factors, and maintains the stability of the acquisition process by fine-tuning the pressure module and / or calling the filtering algorithm to ensure clear pulse waveform and continuous sampling process; (8) Data transmission and preprocessing: After multimodal synchronous sampling is completed, the Bluetooth communication module transmits the multimodal data to the central control. The central control performs noise filtering, baseline correction and feature extraction on the received data to obtain a standardized feature matrix, which provides input data for subsequent modeling and analysis. (9) Model calculation and pulse analysis: The preprocessed feature matrix is ​​input into the multimodal fusion model. The multimodal fusion model integrates five core indicators: pulse position, pulse rate, pulse rhythm, pulse shape and pulse momentum, extracts and automatically classifies the pulse morphology features, and generates pulse classification results and corresponding feature parameters. (10) Eight-Principle Differentiation, Zang-Fu Differentiation and Result Output: Input the pulse classification results into the TCM differentiation mapping module to obtain the analysis results based on the Eight-Principle Differentiation and Zang-Fu Differentiation, including Yin-Yang, Exterior-Interior, Cold-Heat, Deficiency-Excess and related Zang-Fu functional tendencies; The central control generates a visual detection report based on this, which includes pulse curve, main parameters and differentiation conclusions, and is used to provide physicians with reference and / or upload to the cloud database.

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