Wireless visual cortex reconstruction method and device based on optogenetics

Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless visual cortex reconstruction method and device based on optogenetics. The method comprises the steps that selective expression of red-shift light-sensitive channel protein is limited to neurons of a primary visual cortex V1 area; establishing an optical channel in a V1 area of the primary visual cortex corresponding to the skull; environment visual information is wirelessly collected, and nerve mapping conversion is carried out; red light stimulation is projected to the V1 area of the primary visual cortex through an optical channel by adopting a time sequence framing regulation and control strategy; a dynamic safety regulation and control mechanism is implemented, and photostimulation parameters are adjusted in real time according to physiological response and physical parameters. Through cooperation of V1 area red-shift light-sensitive channel protein expression, optical channel establishment, accurate nerve mapping conversion, time sequence framing red light stimulation and dynamic regulation and control, wireless visual reconstruction which does not need electronic device implantation, has single-neuron-level resolution and is safe and stable for a long time is provided for a completely blind patient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of visual reconstruction technology, and particularly to a wireless visual cortex reconstruction method and apparatus based on optogenetics. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, visual impairment severely impacts the quality of life for hundreds of millions of people worldwide, a significant portion of whom are completely blind. This number continues to rise due to population aging and the increasing prevalence of diseases such as diabetes. To restore visual function in visually impaired patients, current technologies primarily focus on retinal and visual pathway replacements. Retinal implants directly stimulate retinal ganglion cells via electrode arrays, but their resolution is limited by electrode density, and the implanted devices are prone to mechanical failures and biocompatibility issues, resulting in a high five-year failure rate. More advanced optogenetic methods (such as the Bionic Sight and ScienceEye systems) deliver light-sensitive proteins to residual retinal cells via viral vectors, combined with external eyeglass-like optical stimulation devices, and have already helped some patients with retinitis pigmentosa regain basic light and motion perception. However, these technologies strictly rely on intact retinal structures and optic nerve pathways, and are completely ineffective for patients with optic nerve damage or central blindness. The primary visual cortex (V1), as a higher center for visual information processing, theoretically can bypass damaged retina and optic nerve to directly construct visual perception. However, existing cortical visual prostheses primarily employ implanted electrode arrays to stimulate V1, which not only faces challenges such as high infection risks, signal attenuation due to tissue scarring, and short device lifespan, but also suffers from limited spatial precision in electrical stimulation, making it difficult to accurately control the activation of individual neurons, resulting in blurred and unnatural visual perception. Although transparent craniotomy technology has been demonstrated in animal experiments to enhance light penetration efficiency, its synergistic integration with V1 optogenetic expression, high-precision visual mapping, and safe photostimulation strategies has not been fully explored in the field of human visual restoration, especially in achieving a balance between single-neuron-level resolution, wireless operation, and long-term stability, which presents significant technical obstacles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a novel visual reconstruction solution that can provide high-resolution, safe, and lasting visual perception restoration for various types of blind patients, including those with optic nerve damage, without the need for implanted electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention proposes a wireless visual cortex reconstruction method and device based on optogenetics, which can provide high-resolution, safe and lasting visual perception restoration for blind patients. The present invention provides the following technical solution: A wireless visual cortex reconstruction method based on optogenetics, the method comprising: Selective expression of redshift light-sensitive channel proteins was limited to neurons in the V1 region of the primary visual cortex of the subjects; An optical channel is established in the subject’s skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, and the optical channel allows external red light to penetrate to the surface of the visual cortex. Wirelessly acquire environmental visual information and perform spatial-neural mapping conversion, converting the environmental visual information into a light stimulation pattern that matches the retinal topology of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex; A time-series frame-based control strategy is employed to project red light stimulation onto the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel. A dynamic safety control mechanism is implemented to adjust the light stimulation parameters in real time based on physiological response and physical parameters in order to complete wireless visual cortex reconstruction.

[0004] Optionally, the redshift light-sensitive channel protein is ChrimsonR or ChRmine; The selective expression of the redshift light-sensitive channel protein is limited to neurons in the V1 region of the subject's primary visual cortex, which includes targeted delivery of a gene sequence encoding the redshift light-sensitive channel protein to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex via an adeno-associated virus vector.

[0005] Optionally, the optical channel includes a biocompatible framework and an optically transparent film, wherein the biocompatible framework is made of titanium alloy and the optically transparent film is made of polydimethylsiloxane material; Establishing an optical channel in the subject's skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex includes: An opening corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex was prepared on the skull; The biocompatible frame was implanted into the opening and fixed to the skull; The optically transparent membrane is sealed and assembled within the biocompatible framework.

[0006] Optionally, the wireless acquisition of environmental visual information and the spatial-neural mapping conversion, transforming the environmental visual information into a light stimulation pattern that matches the retinal topology of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, includes: Real-time capture of environmental image information using a visual sensor; The captured images are subjected to super-resolution reconstruction and edge feature enhancement based on artificial intelligence algorithms. Based on the retinal topological mapping relationship, the processed image coordinates are accurately converted into the spatial coordinates of neurons in the V1 region of the primary visual cortex. By setting positioning markers at the edge of the optical channel and combining the subject's real-time eye and head movement data, the converted neuronal spatial coordinates are dynamically calibrated to ensure that the spatial error is less than 50μm and the temporal jitter is less than 2ms. The calibrated mapping results are converted into a high-density red light stimulation pattern, which decomposes the target field of view into multiple light stimulation points. Each light stimulation point precisely corresponds to a group of neurons at a specific location in the V1 region, thereby achieving a high-precision encoding and mapping of environmental visual information to V1 cortical neural activity.

[0007] Optionally, the step of using a time-series frame-by-frame control strategy to project red light stimulation onto the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel includes: Generate a pre-tuned frame, wherein the pre-tuned frame is a low-intensity red light stimulus below the neuron activation threshold; The pre-tuned frame is projected into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel to shape the local electric field and suppress stimulus crosstalk in adjacent regions. Generate a stimulation frame, wherein the stimulation frame is a short pulse of red light stimulation that is above the neuron activation threshold; The stimulation frame is projected into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel, triggering the target neuron to generate an action potential. The pre-set frames and stimulus frames are projected alternately at a frame rate of 60-120Hz; Phase shift control is applied to neighboring pixels to avoid the accumulation of local thermal peaks; Real-time calculation of the optical stimulation duty cycle D and control of D≤10%; Based on a pre-set thermal model, the tissue temperature rise ΔT is estimated in real time to ensure the temperature rise at a depth of 1 mm. .

[0008] Optionally, the implementation of the dynamic safety control mechanism, which adjusts the light stimulation parameters in real time according to physiological responses and physical parameters to complete wireless visual cortex reconstruction, includes: Real-time monitoring of physical parameters during photostimulation and calculation of photostimulation power Where Ein is the incident irradiance, A is the stimulation area, and D is the duty cycle; Tissue temperature changes estimated using a thermal model When the temperature rises at a depth of 1 mm When necessary, the intensity of light stimulation will be automatically reduced or stimulation will be paused. Neuronal response characteristics were obtained through electrophysiological monitoring, and the action potential triggering threshold E50 was recorded. A threshold map is established based on the differences in the expression levels of neurons in different regions, and the low-expression regions are weighted by a stimulation intensity algorithm and morphological compensation. The light stimulation duty cycle D is controlled in real time to be ≤10%, and the peak irradiance is limited to the range of 0.5-1.0 mW / mm². The stimulation timing of neighboring pixels is adjusted by phase misalignment control to prevent the accumulation of local thermal peaks; Monitor whether the neuronal response exhibits plateauing or excessive swarming, and dynamically adjust stimulation parameters to maintain precise activation of single neurons.

[0009] This invention further discloses a wireless visual cortex reconstruction device based on optogenetics, comprising: A viral delivery module is used to selectively express redshift light-sensitive channel proteins in neurons of the V1 region of the subject's primary visual cortex; An optical channel construction module is used to establish an optical channel in the subject's skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, the optical channel allowing external red light to penetrate to the surface of the visual cortex; The visual information conversion module is used to wirelessly collect environmental visual information and perform spatial-neural mapping conversion, converting the environmental visual information into a light stimulation pattern that matches the retinal topology of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex. The red light projection module is used to project red light stimulation onto the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel using a time-series frame-by-frame control strategy. The dynamic safety control module is used to implement a dynamic safety control mechanism, which adjusts the light stimulation parameters in real time according to physiological response and physical parameters to complete wireless visual cortex reconstruction.

[0010] The present invention further discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0011] The present invention further discloses an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the above-described method.

[0012] The present invention further discloses a computer program product, including a computer program that implements the above-described method when executed by a processor.

[0013] According to the technical solution of this invention, by selectively limiting the expression of redshift light-sensitive channel proteins to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, establishing a cranial optical channel that allows red light to penetrate, achieving precise mapping and conversion of environmental visual information to the V1 topology, employing a temporal frame-based control strategy to project red light stimulation, and implementing a dynamic safety control mechanism, this invention solves the core problem that existing technologies cannot provide high-precision, wireless, and long-term stable visual reconstruction for completely blind patients. Compared to existing solutions that rely on residual retinal cells, this invention can reconstruct functional vision for patients with optic nerve damage, while overcoming the penetration barrier caused by severe blue light scattering, avoiding the high infection risk and hardware degradation problems associated with implanted electrodes / photovoltaic devices, achieving high-resolution wireless visual stimulation, and ensuring long-term safety through closed-loop safety control, it provides a stable and widely applicable visual reconstruction solution for completely blind patients. Attached Figure Description

[0014] For illustrative and not limiting purposes, the present invention will now be described in conjunction with embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the wireless visual cortex reconstruction method based on optogenetics according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wireless visual cortex reconstruction device based on optogenetics according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0016] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] refer to Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a wireless visual cortex reconstruction method based on optogenetics, which includes the following steps: S100: Selective expression of redshift light-sensitive channel proteins is limited to neurons in the V1 region of the primary visual cortex of the subject.

[0018] Specifically, the redshift light-sensitive channel protein is ChrimsonR or ChRmine. This implementation takes ChrimsonR as an example. First, an adeno-associated virus vector AAV9-CAG-ChrimsonR is constructed, where ChrimsonR is a redshift light-sensitive channel protein with a peak activation wavelength of 590 nm and high photocurrent characteristics (>500 pA / pF). This vector carries the gene sequence encoding ChrimsonR and the tdTomato fluorescent reporter gene. Subsequently, under medical imaging guidance, the location of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex is identified. Under real-time MRI guidance, precise injection is performed at 5 target points in the V1 region using a microinjection system, with an injection volume of 0.2 μL at each point and a viral vector concentration of 10^12. Vg / mL; after injection, a 4-week expression period was administered to ensure sufficient expression of ChrimsonR protein on the neuronal membrane in the V1 region. After the expression period, the expression efficiency and spatial distribution of the light-sensitive channel protein were verified using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or two-photon microscopy to ensure that the expression rate of neurons in the V1 region reached over 80%. Verification showed that after successful expression of ChrimsonR protein in neurons in the V1 region, it could generate efficient ion channel opening under 590nm red light stimulation, causing neuronal membrane potential depolarization. This channel is a cation channel with a reversal potential Erev of approximately 0mV and a resting membrane potential Vrest of approximately -65mV. When the membrane potential change ΔVm crosses the threshold with the synaptic / noise term within the pulse width, an action potential is triggered. Experiments showed that the activation threshold E50 of ChrimsonR is approximately 0.1-0.3mW / mm², and a single-frame triggering effect can be achieved with a pulse width of 1-5ms.

[0019] This method achieves highly specific and efficient expression of redshift light-sensitive channel proteins in neurons of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, laying a biological foundation for subsequent wireless visual reconstruction. In other embodiments, ChRmine can also be used as the redshift light-sensitive channel protein, exhibiting similar red light activation properties but with higher photosensitivity. The optimal photosensitizing protein can be selected based on the patient's specific condition. Furthermore, the number of injection sites can be adjusted to 3-8, and the viral concentration can be optimized within the range of 10^11-10^13 vg / mL to accommodate subjects of different body types and pathological states, ensuring the best optogenetic expression results.

[0020] S200: An optical channel is established in the subject's skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, the optical channel allowing external red light to penetrate to the surface of the visual cortex.

[0021] After the V1 region neurons successfully express the ChrimsonR protein in step S100, an efficient optical pathway must be established to allow external red light to precisely penetrate the skull tissue and reach the neuronal layer expressing the photosensitive protein. Since 590nm red light has significantly better penetration properties in biological tissues compared to blue light, this implementation is designed to match the peak activation wavelength of the ChrimsonR protein. Specifically, firstly, the projection area of ​​the primary visual cortex V1 region on the skull surface is precisely located based on preoperative MRI images; then, an opening with a diameter of 20 mm is prepared on the skull, and the edges of the opening are processed to accommodate the fixation frame; next, a pre-prepared titanium alloy frame, exemplarily made of Ti-6Al-4V material, with an outer diameter of 22 mm, an inner diameter of 20 mm, and a thickness of 0.8 mm, is implanted into the opening and fixed; then, a 250 μm thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Sylgard 184) optical film is plasma-treated at the edges and sealed and assembled within the titanium alloy frame with a pre-tension of 0.5-1.0%, forming an airtight biological barrier; after the optical film is assembled, a 0.5 mm thick refractive index-matching silicone patch (refractive index n≈1.42) is attached to its outer surface. Measurements showed that the optical channel exhibited a transmittance of ≥98% for 590nm red light, with an effective transmittance in the range of 0.90-0.94, a modulation transfer function (MTF50) ≥0.8, and under pulsed light stimulation with a duty cycle <10% (peak irradiance 0.5-1.0mW / mm²), the tissue temperature rise ΔT(1mm) at a depth of 1mm was <1°C. This optical channel allows external red light to effectively penetrate to the surface of the V1 cortex while maintaining the integrity of the skull's biological barrier, providing an optical pathway for subsequent wireless light stimulation. In other embodiments, the PDMS film thickness can be adjusted within the range of 200-300μm, the outer diameter of the titanium alloy frame can be adapted to different patient skull sizes within the range of 18-22mm, and the optical film material can also be replaced with other biocompatible, highly transparent polymers to maintain the optical performance requirement of ≥95% transmittance for 590nm red light.

[0022] S300: Wirelessly acquires environmental visual information and performs spatial-neural mapping conversion, converting the environmental visual information into a light stimulation pattern that matches the retinal topology of the primary visual cortex V1 region.

[0023] For the acquisition of environmental visual information, this embodiment uses a wide-angle CMOS vision sensor integrated into the eyeglass frame to capture dynamic visual information of the environment in front of the subject in real time. Subsequently, the captured raw images are transmitted to a portable AI processing unit, where a pre-trained convolutional neural network algorithm is used to perform super-resolution reconstruction of the images, while simultaneously enhancing edge features to improve visual contour clarity. Next, the processed images undergo field-of-view mapping transformation, precisely converting the camera coordinate system (x, y) to the neuronal spatial coordinate system (u, v) corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex based on retinal topological mapping. Its practical approximation is: , , , .

[0024] This mapping employs a logarithmic polar coordinate transformation model, where the parameters , , , The mapping was achieved by fitting preoperative fMRI or intracortical electrophysiological calibration data to ensure that the central 10° field of view accurately corresponds to the foveal representation area of ​​the V1 region (approximately 10-15 mm). During the mapping process, high-contrast fiducial markers were pre-set at the edge of the transparent cranial window, combined with real-time motion data obtained from pre-set miniature eye-tracking sensors and head posture sensors. This dynamically calibrated the mapping coordinates to compensate for coordinate offsets caused by eye rotation and head movement, ensuring a spatial error of less than 50 μm (window surface) and a temporal jitter of less than 2 ms. Finally, the calibrated mapping result was converted into a high-density red light stimulation pattern, decomposing the target field of view into multiple light stimulation points. Each light stimulation point precisely corresponds to a neuronal group at a specific location in the V1 region, thereby achieving a high-precision encoding and mapping of environmental visual information to V1 cortical neural activity. This conversion process was completed in real time on a dedicated AI processor with a processing latency of less than 10 ms, ensuring the natural fluency of visual perception and providing subjects with a clear and stable visual experience. In other embodiments, the super-resolution factor can be adjusted in the range of 4-10 times, and the field-of-view mapping algorithm can employ a variety of machine learning models (such as YOLO+GAN combination) to adapt to the differences in V1 cortex morphology and visual needs of different patients.

[0025] S400: A time-series frame-by-frame control strategy is used to project red light stimulation onto the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel.

[0026] The high-density red light stimulation pattern generated in step S300 must activate the ChrimsonR protein already expressed in S100 through a specific temporal strategy. This is because a single light stimulus cannot precisely control neuronal activation, while the pre-set-stimulation dual-frame strategy can effectively overcome electric field interference between neurons, achieving precise control of a specific neuronal group by each light stimulation point mapped in S300. This temporal frame modulation is a key conversion mechanism connecting digital visual information and biological neural responses. Specifically, a pre-set frame is first generated, which is a low-intensity red light stimulus with a wavelength of 590nm and an irradiance lower than the neuronal activation threshold E50 (approximately 0.1-0.3mW / mm²), used to shape the local electric field and suppress stimulus crosstalk in adjacent regions; the pre-set frame is then projected into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel for a duration of 1-2ms. Subsequently, a stimulation frame is generated, which is a high-intensity red light stimulus with a wavelength of 590nm, an irradiance of 0.5-1.0mW / mm², and a pulse width of 1-5ms, which is higher than the neuronal activation threshold, and is used to trigger the target neuron to generate an action potential; the stimulation frame is then projected into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel. The pre-set frames and stimulus frames are projected alternately at a frame rate of 60-120Hz to form a complete visual stimulus sequence; In terms of spatial control, a phase-shifting control technique is employed for neighboring pixels to ensure that the stimulation timing of adjacent pixels differs by at least 1 / 4 cycle, thus avoiding the accumulation of local thermal peaks. The optical stimulation duty cycle D is calculated and controlled in real time to ensure that D ≤ 10%. Simultaneously, the tissue temperature rise ΔT is estimated in real time based on a preset thermal model and calculated using the formula... Calculate the heat load, where Ein is the incident irradiance, A is the stimulation area, and D is the duty cycle, ensuring a temperature rise at a depth of 1 mm. .

[0027] In this embodiment, red light stimulation employs a 590nm VCSEL / MEMS array light source with a point spread function ≤150μm (window surface), ensuring single-neuron-level stimulation precision. This temporal frame-based control strategy achieves precise activation of single neurons, avoiding excessive neuronal swarming, while effectively controlling thermal effects, providing subjects with a clear and natural visual perception experience. In other embodiments, the frame rate can be adjusted within the range of 30-150Hz, and the pulse width can be optimized within the range of 1-10ms to accommodate differences in neuronal characteristics in the V1 region among different patients.

[0028] S500: Implements a dynamic safety control mechanism to adjust light stimulation parameters in real time based on physiological response and physical parameters in order to complete wireless visual cortex reconstruction.

[0029] While the temporal framing stimulation strategy in step S400 is precise, it must work in conjunction with a dynamic safety control mechanism. Because the expression levels of the ChrimsonR protein in S100 vary regionally, and light stimulation in S400 produces a thermal effect, the safety control mechanism in S500 dynamically adjusts stimulation parameters by monitoring the interaction between these two factors in real time, ensuring a balance between efficient stimulation and biosafety. This closed-loop control allows the system to adapt to changes in individual neurophysiological characteristics, maintaining long-term stable visual perception. Specifically, the physical parameters during light stimulation are first monitored in real time. The incident irradiance Ein is measured using a light power sensor integrated into the red light projection system. Combined with the stimulation area A and duty cycle D, the formula is used... The photostimulation power is estimated. Simultaneously, based on a pre-set thermal model, the tissue temperature change ΔT is estimated. When the temperature rise ΔT(1mm) at a depth of 1mm is ≥1°C, the photostimulation intensity is automatically reduced or stimulation is paused to ensure thermal safety. Neuronal electrophysiological responses are acquired via scalp surface electrodes or implanted microelectrode arrays, the action potential trigger threshold E50 is recorded, and the plateauing or excessive swarming of neuronal responses is monitored. Based on the regional threshold maps established by preoperative fMRI or intraoperative electrophysiological calibration, differences in the expression levels of light-sensitive channel proteins in the V1 cortex are identified. Low-expression regions are weighted using a stimulation intensity algorithm and morphological compensation to ensure uniform visual perception. The system employs a safety mechanism: light stimulation parameters are strictly controlled within a safe range, with a duty cycle D ≤ 10% and peak irradiance limited to 0.5-1.0 mW / mm². Simultaneously, a phase-shifting control technique is used for neighboring pixels, adjusting the stimulation timing of adjacent pixels to differ by at least 1 / 4 cycle to prevent local thermal peak accumulation. During visual reconstruction, stimulation parameters are dynamically adjusted based on real-time feedback from the subject (e.g., visual quality score, pupillary response, or EEG characteristics), forming a closed-loop control. Through progressive visual training, the subject gradually transitions from basic light spot detection to shape recognition and text reading. The stimulation pattern is automatically optimized based on training progress, ultimately achieving functional visual reconstruction. Experimental verification shows that this dynamic safety control mechanism effectively avoids the risks of tissue thermal damage (ΔT(1mm) < 1°C) and phototoxicity, while improving visual perception quality through expression uniformity compensation, providing a safety guarantee for long-term stable visual reconstruction.

[0030] In summary, the core technical solution of this specific implementation is to achieve wireless visual cortical reconstruction through the synergistic steps S100-S500: selectively expressing the redshift light-sensitive channel protein (ChrimsonR) in neurons of the V1 region; establishing a high-transmittance titanium alloy-PDMS transparent cranial window optical channel; using AI-driven retinal topological mapping to achieve precise conversion from environmental vision to neural coordinates; applying a pre-set frame-stimulation frame dual-frame temporal modulation strategy for red light stimulation; and implementing a dynamic safety modulation mechanism based on thermal models and neural responses. This implementation overcomes the limitations of existing visual reconstruction technologies, solving the core problem that completely blind patients (including those with optic nerve damage) cannot obtain high-precision, wireless, and long-term stable visual recovery. It achieves wireless stimulation at single-neuron level resolution, avoids the high risk of infection and hardware degradation caused by implanted devices, and ensures long-term thermal safety (ΔT(1mm) < 1°C) through closed-loop safety modulation. This provides a high-definition, stable, and widely applicable visual reconstruction solution for completely blind patients. refer to Figure 2 This specific embodiment further discloses a wireless visual cortex reconstruction device based on optogenetics, including a virus delivery module 21, an optical channel construction module 22, a visual information conversion module 23, a red light projection module 24, and a dynamic security control module 25, specifically: Virus delivery module 21 is used to selectively express a redshift light-sensitive channel protein into neurons in the V1 region of the primary visual cortex of a subject; wherein the redshift light-sensitive channel protein is ChrimsonR or ChRmine; the selective expression of the redshift light-sensitive channel protein into neurons in the V1 region of the primary visual cortex of a subject includes: targeted delivery of a gene sequence encoding the redshift light-sensitive channel protein to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex via an adeno-associated virus vector.

[0031] An optical channel construction module 22 is used to establish an optical channel in the subject's skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, including: preparing an opening on the skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex; implanting a biocompatible frame into the opening and fixing it to the skull; and sealing the optically transparent membrane within the biocompatible frame. The optical channel allows external red light to penetrate to the surface of the visual cortex; wherein the optical channel includes a biocompatible frame and an optically transparent membrane, the biocompatible frame being made of titanium alloy and the optically transparent membrane being made of polydimethylsiloxane material; The visual information conversion module 23 is used to wirelessly acquire environmental visual information and perform spatial-neural mapping conversion, converting the environmental visual information into a light stimulation pattern that matches the retinal topology of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex. This includes: capturing environmental image information in real time using a visual sensor; performing super-resolution reconstruction and edge feature enhancement processing on the captured image based on an artificial intelligence algorithm; accurately converting the processed image coordinates into the spatial coordinates of neurons corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex based on the retinal topological mapping relationship; dynamically calibrating the converted neuronal spatial coordinates by setting positioning markers at the edge of the optical channel and combining real-time eye and head movement data of the subject to ensure a spatial error of less than 50 μm and a temporal jitter of less than 2 ms; and converting the calibrated mapping result into a high-density red light stimulation pattern, which decomposes the target visual field into multiple light stimulation points, each light stimulation point precisely corresponding to a neuronal group at a specific location in the V1 region, thereby achieving a high-precision encoding and mapping of environmental visual information to V1 cortical neural activity.

[0032] The red light projection module 24 is used to project red light stimulation into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel using a time-sequential frame-splitting control strategy. This includes: generating a pre-tuned frame, which is a low-intensity red light stimulus below the neuronal activation threshold; projecting the pre-tuned frame into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel to shape the local electric field and suppress crosstalk between adjacent regions; generating a stimulation frame, which is a short-pulse red light stimulus above the neuronal activation threshold; projecting the stimulation frame into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel to trigger action potentials in target neurons; alternately projecting the pre-tuned frame and the stimulation frame at a frame rate of 60-120Hz; using phase-shifting control for neighboring pixels to avoid local heat peak accumulation; calculating the light stimulation duty cycle D in real time and controlling D≤10%; and estimating the tissue temperature rise ΔT in real time according to a preset thermal model to ensure temperature rise at a depth of 1mm. .

[0033] The dynamic safety control module 25 is used to implement a dynamic safety control mechanism, adjusting the light stimulation parameters in real time based on physiological responses and physical parameters to complete wireless visual cortex reconstruction. This includes: real-time monitoring of physical parameters during light stimulation and calculating the light stimulation power. Where Ein is the incident irradiance, A is the stimulation area, and D is the duty cycle; tissue temperature changes are estimated based on a thermal model. When the temperature rises at a depth of 1 mm The system automatically reduces the intensity of light stimulation or pauses stimulation; it acquires neuronal response characteristics through electrophysiological monitoring and records the action potential trigger threshold E50; it establishes a threshold map based on the differences in regional neuronal expression levels, and performs stimulation intensity reduction and morphological compensation on low-expression regions; it controls the light stimulation duty cycle D ≤ 10% in real time and limits the peak irradiance to the range of 0.5-1.0 mW / mm²; it adjusts the stimulation sequence of neighboring pixels through phase shift control to prevent the accumulation of local thermal peaks; it monitors whether the neuronal response exhibits plateauing or excessive clustering, and dynamically adjusts stimulation parameters to maintain precise activation of single neurons.

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 50 includes: a processor 501, a memory 502, and a bus 503; The processor 501 and the memory 502 communicate with each other via the bus 503; the processor 501 is used to call the program instructions in the memory 502 to execute the methods provided in the above-described embodiments.

[0035] This embodiment provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions that cause a computer to execute the methods provided in the above-described embodiments.

[0036] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method implementation can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above-described method implementation. The aforementioned storage medium includes various storage media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0037] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0038] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0039] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A wireless visual cortex reconstruction method based on optogenetics, characterized in that, The method includes: Selective expression of redshift light-sensitive channel proteins was limited to neurons in the V1 region of the primary visual cortex of the subjects; An optical channel is established in the subject’s skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, and the optical channel allows external red light to penetrate to the surface of the visual cortex. Wirelessly acquire environmental visual information and perform spatial-neural mapping conversion, converting the environmental visual information into a light stimulation pattern that matches the retinal topology of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex; A time-series frame-based control strategy is employed to project red light stimulation onto the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel. A dynamic safety control mechanism is implemented to adjust the light stimulation parameters in real time based on physiological response and physical parameters in order to complete wireless visual cortex reconstruction.

2. The method for wireless visual cortex reconstruction based on optogenetics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The redshift light-sensitive channel protein is ChrimsonR or ChRmine; The selective expression of the redshift light-sensitive channel protein is limited to neurons in the V1 region of the subject's primary visual cortex, which includes targeted delivery of a gene sequence encoding the redshift light-sensitive channel protein to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex via an adeno-associated virus vector.

3. The method for wireless visual cortex reconstruction based on optogenetics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical channel includes a biocompatible framework and an optically transparent film. The biocompatible framework is made of titanium alloy, and the optically transparent film is made of polydimethylsiloxane material. Establishing an optical channel in the subject's skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex includes: An opening corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex was prepared on the skull; The biocompatible frame was implanted into the opening and fixed to the skull; The optically transparent membrane is sealed and assembled within the biocompatible framework.

4. The method for wireless visual cortex reconstruction based on optogenetics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless acquisition of environmental visual information and the spatial-neural mapping conversion, which transforms the environmental visual information into a light stimulation pattern that matches the retinal topology of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, include: Real-time capture of environmental image information using a visual sensor; The captured images are subjected to super-resolution reconstruction and edge feature enhancement based on artificial intelligence algorithms. Based on the retinal topological mapping relationship, the processed image coordinates are accurately converted into the spatial coordinates of neurons in the V1 region of the primary visual cortex. By setting positioning markers at the edge of the optical channel and combining the subject's real-time eye and head movement data, the converted neuronal spatial coordinates are dynamically calibrated to ensure that the spatial error is less than 50μm and the temporal jitter is less than 2ms. The calibrated mapping results are converted into a high-density red light stimulation pattern, which decomposes the target field of view into multiple light stimulation points. Each light stimulation point precisely corresponds to a group of neurons at a specific location in the V1 region, thereby achieving a high-precision encoding and mapping of environmental visual information to V1 cortical neural activity.

5. The method for wireless visual cortex reconstruction based on optogenetics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of projecting red light stimulation into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel using a time-series frame-based control strategy includes: Generate a pre-tuned frame, wherein the pre-tuned frame is a low-intensity red light stimulus below the neuron activation threshold; The pre-tuned frame is projected into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel to shape the local electric field and suppress stimulus crosstalk in adjacent regions. Generate a stimulation frame, wherein the stimulation frame is a short pulse of red light stimulation that is above the neuron activation threshold; The stimulation frame is projected into the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel, triggering the target neuron to generate an action potential. The pre-set frames and stimulus frames are projected alternately at a frame rate of 60-120Hz; Phase shift control is applied to neighboring pixels to avoid the accumulation of local thermal peaks; Real-time calculation of the optical stimulation duty cycle D and control of D≤10%; Based on a pre-set thermal model, the tissue temperature rise ΔT is estimated in real time to ensure the temperature rise at a depth of 1 mm. .

6. The method for wireless visual cortex reconstruction based on optogenetics according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation of the dynamic safety control mechanism, which adjusts the light stimulation parameters in real time based on physiological responses and physical parameters to complete wireless visual cortex reconstruction, includes: Real-time monitoring of physical parameters during photostimulation and calculation of photostimulation power Where Ein is the incident irradiance, A is the stimulation area, and D is the duty cycle; Tissue temperature changes estimated using a thermal model When the temperature rises at a depth of 1 mm When necessary, the intensity of light stimulation will be automatically reduced or stimulation will be paused. Neuronal response characteristics were obtained through electrophysiological monitoring, and the action potential triggering threshold E50 was recorded. A threshold map is established based on the differences in the expression levels of neurons in different regions, and the low-expression regions are weighted by a stimulation intensity algorithm and morphological compensation. The light stimulation duty cycle D is controlled in real time to be ≤10%, and the peak irradiance is limited to the range of 0.5-1.0 mW / mm². The stimulation timing of neighboring pixels is adjusted by phase misalignment control to prevent the accumulation of local thermal peaks; Monitor whether the neuronal response exhibits plateauing or excessive swarming, and dynamically adjust stimulation parameters to maintain precise activation of single neurons.

7. A wireless visual cortex reconstruction device based on optogenetics, characterized in that, include: A viral delivery module is used to selectively express redshift light-sensitive channel proteins in neurons of the V1 region of the subject's primary visual cortex; An optical channel construction module is used to establish an optical channel in the subject's skull corresponding to the V1 region of the primary visual cortex, the optical channel allowing external red light to penetrate to the surface of the visual cortex; The visual information conversion module is used to wirelessly collect environmental visual information and perform spatial-neural mapping conversion, converting the environmental visual information into a light stimulation pattern that matches the retinal topology of the V1 region of the primary visual cortex. The red light projection module is used to project red light stimulation onto the V1 region of the primary visual cortex through the optical channel using a time-series frame-by-frame control strategy. The dynamic safety control module is used to implement a dynamic safety control mechanism, which adjusts the light stimulation parameters in real time according to physiological response and physical parameters to complete wireless visual cortex reconstruction.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method of any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method of any one of claims 1-6.

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