Cleaning device for accumulated coal on inner wall of coal-fired silo

Abstract

A cleaning device for accumulated coal on the inner wall of a coal-fired silo comprises a suspension driving unit and a layered cleaning unit, the suspension driving unit is responsible for driving the cleaning unit to do all-circumferential and up-down reciprocating motion along the inner wall of the silo, and the suspension driving unit is installed on the upper portion of the top of the silo; the layered cleaning unit is positioned in the silo, is used for layered cleaning of accumulated coal with different thicknesses and viscosities, and is divided into three layers, namely a top conical cleaning layer, a straight-wall main cleaning layer and a bottom transition cleaning layer from top to bottom in sequence; the suspension driving unit is connected with the layered cleaning unit through a plurality of soft cables, and the plurality of soft cables are used for transmitting rotation torque to the layered cleaning unit; the cleaning efficiency and the cleaning effect are improved, cleaning blind areas are thoroughly eliminated, the safety performance is remarkably improved, dust and personnel risks are avoided, the self-adaptive capacity is high, and the device is suitable for different silo and coal characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power plant fuel storage, and more particularly to a device for cleaning coal accumulation on the inner wall of a coal silo. Background Technology

[0002] In coal-fired power plants, silos are crucial coal storage facilities. However, due to various factors such as coal characteristics, weather conditions, and silo structural design, silos often experience coal accumulation problems during use, including coal arching, blockage, and coal adhering to the silo walls. Traditional unblocking technologies, such as air cannons and vibrators, have significant limitations in addressing the characteristics of coal accumulation at the annular outlet of coal storage silos, the large thickness of coal accumulation on the silo walls, and the unpredictable location of coal adhering to the walls. These technologies are insufficient to effectively solve the coal accumulation problem, and manual unblocking methods pose high safety risks, such as falls from heights and potential collapses.

[0003] In existing technologies, manual or semi-mechanized cleaning operations pose safety risks such as falls from heights, coal collapse and burial, and dust explosions. Furthermore, these methods are inefficient, require prolonged downtime, and disrupt the continuity of coal storage and transportation in power plants. Some cleaning technologies (such as hydraulic cleaning) require explosion-proof equipment and easily generate coal slurry, making subsequent treatment difficult. Non-contact technologies such as sonic cleaning lack sufficient penetration for moist, sticky coal deposits, resulting in incomplete cleaning. Traditional active unblocking equipment has blind spots, particularly in areas like the top of the silo, the junction of the conical section and the straight wall, where coal deposits are difficult to reach. Additionally, some equipment requires large-scale modifications to the existing silo structure, leading to high installation costs and poor adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above issues and overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a device for cleaning coal buildup on the inner wall of a coal-fired silo. To achieve the above objective, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A coal cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo includes a suspended drive unit and a layered cleaning unit, characterized in that... The suspension drive unit serves as the mobile base of the device and is responsible for driving the cleaning unit to move in a full circumference and up and down along the inner wall of the silo. The suspension drive unit is installed on the upper part of the silo top. The layered cleaning unit is located inside the silo and serves as the core component of the unit. It adopts a dual-mode approach of rigid scraping combined with flexible sweeping to clean coal of different thicknesses and viscosity in layers. It is divided into three layers, from top to bottom: the top cone cleaning layer, the straight wall main cleaning layer, and the bottom transition cleaning layer. The suspension drive unit and the layer cleaning unit are connected by multiple soft cables, which are used to transfer rotational torque to the layer cleaning unit.

[0005] Furthermore, the suspension drive unit includes: a suspension bracket, a circumferential drive assembly, and a lifting drive assembly.

[0006] Furthermore, the suspension brackets are symmetrically distributed in a "cross" shape, with the cross-shaped ends connected to vertical columns, and the four sets of columns are fixed to the concrete beam at the top of the silo.

[0007] Furthermore, the circumferential drive assembly includes a geared motor, an annular guide rail, a rotary moving platform, and a roller assembly; the annular guide rail is fixed below the suspension bracket and is concentrically positioned with the silo; the roller assembly is installed below the rotary moving platform, the roller assembly meshes with the guide rail, and the roller assembly is driven by the geared motor, which drives the roller assembly to rotate along the guide rail, thereby driving the rotary moving platform to perform circumferential movement.

[0008] Furthermore, the lifting drive assembly consists of multiple symmetrically arranged synchronous winches and wire ropes; the symmetrically arranged synchronous winches are fixed on the rotating moving platform of the circumferential drive assembly, one end of the wire rope is connected to the winch, and the other end is vertically downward connected to the top of the layered cleaning unit; the wire rope is wound and unwound by the forward and reverse rotation of the winch; the wire ropes are symmetrically arranged and move up and down synchronously to provide lifting function, while applying the torque of the circumferential drive assembly when it rotates to the layered cleaning unit below.

[0009] Furthermore, the layered cleaning unit has a structural column at its center, which is used to install and connect the top conical cleaning layer, the straight wall main cleaning layer, and the bottom transition cleaning layer. The top hook at the upper end of the structural column is connected to multiple soft cables. The layered cleaning unit has a certain weight of its own, and its own weight, together with the traction soft cables above, forms a rotational torque transmission structure.

[0010] Furthermore, the top conical cleaning layer is designed to fit the top conical surface of the silo and includes multiple sets of foldable scrapers with an unfolded length matching the radius of the conical surface. The scrapers are connected to the central column via hydraulic hinges. Initially folded, they are extended into the conical area by hydraulic push rods that unfold the scrapers, causing the scraper edges to fit against the conical surface and scrape away the coal deposits attached to the conical surface as they move circumferentially.

[0011] Furthermore, the straight-wall main cleaning layer is designed to fit the straight-wall area of ​​the silo. It is equipped with at least three sets of main scrapers in a ring array. The inner side of the scraper is connected to the central column through a spring buffer mechanism. When the scraper contacts the silo wall, the spring provides a continuous contact force to ensure that the scraper is tightly attached to the silo wall. The continuous contact force between the main scraper and the silo wall forms a central positioning structure, while avoiding rigid impact damage to the silo wall.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom transition cleaning layer is used to adapt to the transition cone surface between the silo's straight wall and the bottom discharge port. It adopts a flexible brush roller arranged concentrically with the central column, with bristles implanted on the disc-shaped chassis. The brush roller is driven to rotate by a geared motor, and sweeps away the thin coal layer remaining in the transition area with circumferential and vertical movements.

[0013] A cleaning method based on a coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo, characterized in that, S1. Start-up preparation; S2. Top cone cleaning: The circumferential motor of the suspension drive unit starts, and the layered cleaning unit rotates circumferentially around the center of the silo through the traction steel wire rope. The top cone scraper unfolds and scrapes off the accumulated coal by adhering to the cone surface. S3. Main cleaning of the straight wall: The circumferential motor keeps rotating, the lifting winch starts, and the cleaning unit descends at a constant speed; the scraper of the main cleaning layer of the straight wall scrapes off the coal accumulated on the straight wall, and the coal slides down the bin wall to the bottom. S4. Bottom transition cleaning: When the cleaning unit descends to the bottom transition cone area, the lifting component stops descending, and the bottom brush roller starts to rotate, sweeping away the residual coal in the transition layer as it rotates circumferentially. After rotating for several revolutions, the brush roller stops. S5. Reset and stop: After cleaning is completed, the lifting winch starts in reverse, the cleaning unit rises to the top initial position, and all scrapers and brush rollers reset.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: I. Improved cleaning efficiency and effectiveness, completely eliminating cleaning blind spots.

[0015] Complete cleaning without blind spots: Through the layered design of "top conical scraper (20-25m) + straight wall serrated scraper (0-20m) + bottom brush roller (0-1.5m)," it covers the top conical part, the high level of the straight wall (15-20m) and the bottom transition layer that traditional air cannons cannot reach. The coal residue rate is reduced from the original 18% to ≤3%, completely solving the problem of blind spots in cleaning.

[0016] Second, safety performance has been significantly upgraded, avoiding dust and personnel risks.

[0017] 1. Dust explosion prevention meets standards: Ex d IIB T4 Ga-grade explosion-proof motor and explosion-proof conduit are used, along with dust concentration sensor (threshold 300mg / m³) and automatic spray dust suppression. During the cleaning process, the dust concentration is stabilized at 200-250mg / m³ (complies with the requirements of "Dust Explosion Prevention Safety Regulations" GB 15577), completely eliminating the risk of coal dust explosion.

[0018] 2. Zero risk to personnel safety: The fall protection system is constructed through dual-rope redundant lifting, electromagnetic brake, and fall protection buffer (fall speed ≤2m / s). The bottom infrared grating + remote emergency stop realizes the protection against personnel accidentally entering. During the trial operation for 6 months, no manual entry operation was required, completely avoiding the risks of dust inhalation and high-altitude falls caused by traditional manual cleaning.

[0019] Third, it has strong self-adaptability and can adapt to the characteristics of different silos and coal types.

[0020] 1. High adaptability to silo walls: The spring buffer mechanism (50mm stroke) and pressure sensor (60-80N adhesion force control) of the straight wall scraper can automatically adapt to unevenness errors within 30mm of the silo straight wall. The scraper adhesion is always ≥90%, avoiding damage to the silo wall and eliminating the need for separate modifications for different silos.

[0021] 2. Wide coal compatibility: The top scraper hydraulic push rod (thrust 5kN) can handle hard lumps of sticky bituminous coal (moisture content 8%-12%), the serrated scraper enhances the coal crushing ability, and the brush roller cleans the residual thin coal layer. It is compatible with different sticky coal types such as bituminous coal and lignite, without the need to replace core components. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device. In the figure: 10 suspension bracket, 20 circumferential drive assembly (including lifting drive assembly), 30 top conical cleaning layer, 40 straight wall main cleaning layer, and 50 bottom transition cleaning layer. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0024] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is described as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is described as "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a component in between. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0025] The overall structure of the coal cleaning device is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0026] This coal silo inner wall coal accumulation cleaning device adopts the overall architecture of "top suspension + layered cleaning", mainly composed of two core modules: suspension drive unit and layered cleaning unit. It is compatible with circular coal silos with diameters of 5-20m and heights of 15-40m, and can be quickly installed through the top flange interface without modifying the original silo structure.

[0027] The coal cleaning device includes a suspension drive unit and a layered cleaning unit.

[0028] The suspension drive unit serves as the mobile base of the device, responsible for driving the cleaning unit to move in a full circumference and reciprocate up and down along the inner wall of the silo. The suspension drive unit is installed on the upper part of the silo top.

[0029] The specific structure of the suspension drive unit includes: The suspension bracket 10 is made of high-strength manganese steel and is symmetrically distributed in a "cross" shape. Its cross-shaped ends are connected to vertical columns. At least 4 sets of columns are fixed to the concrete beam at the top of the silo by expansion bolts. The load-bearing capacity of the suspension bracket is not less than 500 kg, which meets the operating load of the entire unit.

[0030] Specifically, the suspension bracket is made of Q345 manganese steel, is cross-shaped, has an arm length of 6.5m, extends 0.5m beyond the silo radius, has a pre-drilled Φ150mm motor mounting hole in the center, is designed to bear 600kg, meets the safety redundancy of 450kg for the total weight of the device, and has multiple sets of L-shaped brackets welded to the bottom, which are used to fix the ring guide rail.

[0031] The circumferential drive assembly 20 includes a variable frequency geared motor (power 1.5kW, speed adjustable from 0-10r / min), an annular guide rail, a rotating moving platform, and a roller assembly; the annular guide rail is fixed to the lower part of the suspension bracket 10 by bolts and is concentrically set with the silo. A roller assembly is installed below the rotating mobile platform. The roller assembly meshes with the guide rail and is driven by a geared motor. The motor drives the roller assembly to rotate along the guide rail via a chain, causing the rotating mobile platform to move in a circle. Furthermore, it can drive the layered cleaning unit below to achieve 360° full circumferential coverage without any cleaning blind spots.

[0032] Specifically, the circumferential drive ring guide rail has an inner diameter of 12m, is concentric with the silo, and is made of I-beams, No. 45 steel, with a thickness of 10mm. It is equipped with four wear-resistant nylon roller sets with a diameter of 100mm, and features double-wheel meshing to prevent derailment. It is equipped with a 1.5kW variable frequency geared motor (YVP90L-4) as the circumferential motor, and drives the rollers through a single row of chains to achieve an adjustable speed of 0-10r / min.

[0033] The lifting drive assembly (not shown in the figure) consists of two symmetrically arranged synchronous winches (each with a pulling force of 200 kg), a wire rope, and a guide pulley. The two symmetrically arranged synchronous winches are fixed on the rotating moving platform of the circumferential drive assembly 20. One end of the wire rope is connected to the winch, and the other end passes around the guide pulley and is vertically downward connected to the hook at the top of the layered cleaning unit. The wire rope is wound and unwound by the forward and reverse rotation of the winch, thereby driving the layered cleaning unit to rise and fall along the height direction of the silo (0-35 m). The lifting speed is adjustable from 0.5-2 m / min to adapt to the coal accumulation cleaning needs of different heights.

[0034] Specifically, the lifting winch consists of two synchronous winches (JK0.2-6, each with a pulling force of 200kg), symmetrically fixed to the circumferential guide rail moving platform, equipped with Φ8mm galvanized steel rope with a breaking strength ≥500kg, and two guide pulleys, with the guide pulleys fixed at the edge of the moving platform.

[0035] The lifting drive uses two symmetrically parallel steel wire ropes that move synchronously up and down. This not only provides lifting functionality, but the two wire ropes also have a certain horizontal spacing (1-1.5 meters) to apply the torque from the rotation of the circumferential drive assembly to the lower layered cleaning unit, which is then driven to rotate via the two parallel steel wire ropes. To enhance torque transmission, the number of steel wire ropes can be increased, with multiple ropes evenly arranged circumferentially.

[0036] The layered cleaning unit, located inside the silo, is the core component of the unit and employs a dual-mode approach of "rigid scraping + flexible sweeping" to clean coal deposits of varying thicknesses and viscosity in layers. Specifically, it consists of three layers: from top to bottom, a top conical cleaning layer, a straight-wall main cleaning layer, and a bottom transition cleaning layer. A structural column at the center of the layered cleaning unit connects the top conical cleaning layer, the straight-wall main cleaning layer, and the bottom transition cleaning layer. A hook at the top of the structural column connects to a steel wire rope from the circumferential drive assembly. The layered cleaning unit has its own weight, which, in conjunction with the upper traction steel wire rope, forms a rotational torque transmission structure.

[0037] The circumferential drive assembly (including the lifting drive assembly) 20 is connected to the layer cleaning unit by multiple steel wire ropes. The rotational torque is transferred to the layer cleaning unit by multiple steel wire ropes. Its structure is simple and reliable, easy to design and install, and has flexible self-adaptive capability in practical applications. This avoids the damage to the silo that may occur when a rigid structure is used for torque transmission and jamming occurs.

[0038] The top conical cleaning layer 30 is designed to fit the 15°-30° conical surface at the top of the silo. It includes at least two sets of foldable scrapers made of wear-resistant alloy steel plate with a thickness of 12mm. The unfolded length matches the radius of the conical surface. The scrapers are connected to the central column via hydraulic hinges. They are initially folded. After entering the conical area, the hydraulic push rod pushes the scrapers to unfold, so that the edges of the scrapers fit against the conical surface. The scrapers scrape off the coal deposits attached to the conical surface as they move circumferentially, preventing the coal deposits from sliding down from the top and blocking the straight wall.

[0039] The straight-wall main cleaning layer 40 is designed to fit the straight-wall area of ​​the silo (accounting for more than 80% of the coal accumulation). It is equipped with at least 3 sets of main scrapers in a ring array (the spacing and length are adapted to the silo radius). The inner side of the scraper is connected to the central column through a spring buffer mechanism with a buffer stroke of 50mm. When the scraper contacts the silo wall, the spring provides a continuous contact force (adjustable from 50-100N) to ensure that the scraper fits tightly against the silo wall while avoiding rigid impact damage to the silo wall. The scraper edge adopts a "serrated" design to enhance the crushing ability of sticky coal accumulation, and the scraping thickness can reach 50-100mm.

[0040] The main cleaning layer of the straight wall includes at least three sets of main scrapers in a ring array, which are evenly distributed around the circumference. The continuous adhesion between the main scrapers and the bin wall forms a central positioning structure. When the upper steel wire rope is used to drag and rotate the layer, it can provide effective central positioning and rotation guidance for the layered cleaning unit.

[0041] The bottom transition cleaning layer 50 is used to adapt to the transition cone surface (angle 30°-45°) between the straight wall of the silo and the bottom discharge port. It adopts a flexible brush roller arranged concentrically with the central column. The bristles are embedded in the disc-shaped base and the bristles are made of wear-resistant nylon. The length of the flexible brush roller is 100-400mm. The brush roller is driven to rotate by a geared motor (power 0.75kW, speed 60r / min). With circumferential and lifting movements, it sweeps away the thin coal layer (thickness <10mm) remaining in the transition area to prevent coal from bridging in the transition area. The geared motor is installed on the central column, and its power supply cable is led out from the upper circumferential drive assembly (including the lifting drive assembly) 20.

[0042] Specifically, the central column is made of Φ1200mm steel cylinder, 20# steel, with a length of 2~4m. Multiple sets of flanges are installed from top to bottom to fix each cleaning layer and serve as the mounting base for all cleaning components.

[0043] The top conical cleaning scraper uses at least two sets of NM400 wear-resistant alloy scrapers, with a thickness of 12mm and an unfolded length of 5.8m. It is compatible with a 25° conical surface. The root is connected to the top flange of the column through a hydraulic hinge (HSG01-80 / 50). It is equipped with two hydraulic push rods (stroke 100mm, thrust 5kN) to achieve "folding-unfolding" switching.

[0044] The main cleaning scraper for the straight wall adopts at least 3 sets of annular array scrapers (1.5m spacing, 5.9m length), with serrated edges (150mm tooth height, 300mm tooth pitch). The inner side is connected to the column flange through a spring buffer mechanism (YII-20 spring, stiffness 5N / mm, stroke 50mm). Each set of scrapers is equipped with a pressure sensor (PT124G-111, 0-200N range).

[0045] The bottom transition layer brush roller uses a ring brush (Φ1.2mm wear-resistant nylon filament, 200mm in length, 50 filaments / cm²), which is fixed to the bottom flange of the column through two bearing seats and is equipped with a 0.75kW geared motor (RV063, 60r / min).

[0046] The workflow of this silo comprehensive cleaning unit is as follows: S1. Start-up Preparation: The operator selects "Full Cleaning Mode" on the control box, confirms that there are no personnel in the silo and the discharge port is closed, and clicks the "Start" button; the dust concentration sensor begins detection. If the concentration is ≤300mg / m³, the device enters the operating state; if the concentration exceeds the standard, the spray dust suppression device is activated first until the concentration reaches the standard; the cleaning unit is located at the initial position at the top of the silo. S2. Top Conical Cleaning: The circumferential motor of the circumferential drive assembly starts, and drives the layered cleaning unit to rotate circumferentially around the center of the silo (speed 5r / min) through the traction steel wire rope. At the same time, the hydraulic push rod pushes the top conical scraper to unfold, and scrapes off the accumulated coal by fitting the conical surface. After rotating for 2 revolutions, the scraper folds, completing the top cleaning.

[0047] S3. Main Cleaning of the Straight Wall: The circumferential motor continues to rotate, and the lifting winch starts, driving the cleaning unit to descend at a constant speed of 1m / min. The pressure sensor of the main cleaning layer of the straight wall adjusts the scraper's adhesion force in real time. The serrated scraper removes the coal accumulated on the straight wall, and the coal slides down the bin wall to the bottom. During the process, the current of the circumferential motor is monitored. When the current is too high, there will be rotational jamming. If jamming occurs, a "lift-reverse" action is executed, that is, the winch lifts the cleaning unit several times in short strokes and then lowers it again to eliminate local jamming before continuing circumferential rotation cleaning.

[0048] S4. Bottom transition cleaning: When the cleaning unit descends to the bottom transition cone area (1.5m away from the discharge port), the lifting component stops descending, and the bottom brush roller starts to rotate (60r / min). It sweeps away the residual coal in the transition layer as it rotates circumferentially. After rotating for several revolutions, the brush roller stops.

[0049] S5. Reset and Stop: After cleaning is completed, the lifting winch starts in reverse, driving the cleaning unit to rise to the top initial position, and all scrapers and brush rollers are reset; the control unit detects the equipment status (such as wire rope tension and motor temperature), and automatically stops the machine after confirming that there are no abnormalities; at the same time, a cleaning report (including cleaning time, coverage area, and fault records) is generated and pushed to the central control room.

[0050] The structural design of this device ensures the stability and accuracy of the suspension drive system: a cross-shaped Q345 manganese steel suspension bracket is used, which is firmly connected to the concrete beam at the top of the silo via expansion bolts, ensuring the overall stability of the device during operation, capable of bearing the total weight of the device and resisting vibration and impact during the cleaning process. The circumferential drive ring guide rail, in conjunction with a variable frequency reduction motor, achieves precise circumferential motion control, meeting the speed adjustment requirements under different cleaning areas and working conditions. The dual-rope redundant design and synchronous control of the lifting winch ensure smooth, safe, and reliable lifting of the central column and cleaning components, with a positioning accuracy of ±50mm, meeting the height positioning requirements for layered cleaning. The layered cleaning components are specifically designed: considering the characteristics of coal accumulation in different areas of the silo, a top conical foldable scraper, a straight-walled serrated scraper, and a bottom flexible brush roller are designed. The top scraper unfolds and folds via hydraulic hinges and push rods to adapt to the top conical structure, achieving a ≥95% fit with the conical surface after unfolding. The straight-wall scraper employs serrated edges and a spring buffer mechanism to enhance its ability to break up sticky coal deposits and adapt to uneven bin walls. The scraper's contact force is controlled at 60-80N by a pressure sensor to ensure effective cleaning while avoiding damage to the bin walls. The bottom brush roller effectively cleans residual thin coal layers, and its length and bristle parameters are optimized to cover the entire bottom transition layer.

[0051] In application, it achieves blind-spot-free cleaning: through "360° circumferential + full vertical height" movement, combined with a three-layer cleaning structure of top, straight wall, and bottom, it covers all areas of the silo prone to coal accumulation, solving the "partial cleaning" problem of traditional equipment. It is highly adaptable, requiring no modification to the existing silo, and can be quickly installed via the top flange. Utilizing multiple flexible steel wire ropes to transmit rotational torque and a spring buffer mechanism, it adaptively adapts to uneven silo walls, suitable for coal silos of different diameters and heights. It is safe and efficient, avoiding the risks of manual entry; a single full-silo cleaning time is ≤2 hours, far exceeding the efficiency of manual cleaning (8-12 hours); it also features multiple protections against dust explosions, falls, and jamming, meeting power plant safety standards. Low damage and low residue: the spring buffer mechanism and flexible brush rollers prevent damage to the silo wall, and the bottom transition cleaning layer can clean coal layers <10mm thin, with a cleaning residue rate ≤5%, lower than traditional equipment (residue rate 15%-20%).

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described above or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for cleaning coal accumulation on the inner wall of a coal-fired silo, comprising a suspended drive unit and a layered cleaning unit, characterized in that, The suspension drive unit serves as the mobile base of the device and is responsible for driving the cleaning unit to move in a full circumference and up and down along the inner wall of the silo. The suspension drive unit is installed on the upper part of the silo top. The layered cleaning unit is located inside the silo and serves as the core component of the unit. It adopts a dual-mode approach of rigid scraping combined with flexible sweeping to clean coal of different thicknesses and viscosity in layers. It is divided into three layers, from top to bottom: the top cone cleaning layer, the straight wall main cleaning layer, and the bottom transition cleaning layer. The suspension drive unit and the layer cleaning unit are connected by multiple soft cables, which are used to transfer rotational torque to the layer cleaning unit.

2. The coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suspension drive unit includes: suspension bracket, circumferential drive assembly, and lifting drive assembly.

3. The coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo according to claim 2, characterized in that, The suspension brackets are symmetrically distributed in a "cross" shape, with the ends of the cross-shaped brackets connected to vertical columns. The four sets of columns are fixed to the concrete beam at the top of the silo.

4. The coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo according to claim 3, characterized in that, The circumferential drive assembly includes a geared motor, an annular guide rail, a rotary moving platform, and a roller assembly. The annular guide rail is fixed below the suspension bracket and is concentrically positioned with the silo. The roller assembly is installed below the rotary moving platform, and the roller assembly meshes with the guide rail. The roller assembly is driven by the geared motor, which drives the roller assembly to rotate along the guide rail, thereby causing the rotary moving platform to perform circumferential movement.

5. The coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lifting drive assembly consists of multiple symmetrically arranged synchronous winches and wire ropes. The symmetrically arranged synchronous winches are fixed on the rotating moving platform of the circumferential drive assembly. One end of the wire rope is connected to the winch, and the other end is vertically downward connected to the top of the layered cleaning unit. The wire rope is wound and unwound by the forward and reverse rotation of the winch. The wire ropes are symmetrically arranged and move up and down synchronously to provide lifting function, while applying the torque of the circumferential drive assembly when it rotates to the layered cleaning unit below.

6. The coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo according to claim 1, characterized in that, The layered cleaning unit has a structural column at its center, which is used to install and connect the top conical cleaning layer, the straight wall main cleaning layer, and the bottom transition cleaning layer. The top hook of the structural column is connected to multiple soft cables. The layered cleaning unit has a certain weight of its own, and its own weight, together with the traction soft cables above, forms a rotational torque transmission structure.

7. The coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top conical cleaning layer is designed to fit the top conical surface of the silo. It includes multiple sets of foldable scrapers with an unfolded length that matches the radius of the conical surface. The scrapers are connected to the central column via hydraulic hinges. They are initially folded, and after entering the conical area, the hydraulic push rod pushes the scrapers to unfold, so that the edges of the scrapers fit against the conical surface and scrape off the coal deposits attached to the conical surface with circumferential movement.

8. The coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo according to claim 6, characterized in that, The straight-wall main cleaning layer is designed to fit the straight-wall area of ​​the silo. It is equipped with at least three sets of main scrapers in a ring array. The inner side of the scraper is connected to the central column through a spring buffer mechanism. When the scraper contacts the silo wall, the spring provides a continuous contact force to ensure that the scraper is tightly attached to the silo wall. The continuous contact force between the main scraper and the silo wall forms a central positioning structure, while avoiding rigid impact damage to the silo wall.

9. The coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal silo according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom transition cleaning layer is used to adapt to the transition cone surface between the straight wall of the silo and the bottom discharge port. It adopts a flexible brush roller arranged concentrically with the central column, with bristles implanted on the disc-shaped base. The brush roller is driven to rotate by a geared motor, and sweeps the thin coal layer remaining in the transition area with circumferential and vertical movements.

10. A cleaning method based on the coal accumulation cleaning device for the inner wall of a coal-fired silo as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S1. Start-up preparation; S2. Top cone cleaning: The circumferential motor of the suspension drive unit starts, and the layered cleaning unit rotates circumferentially around the center of the silo through the traction steel wire rope. The top cone scraper unfolds and scrapes off the accumulated coal by adhering to the cone surface. S3. Main cleaning of the straight wall: The circumferential motor keeps rotating, the lifting winch starts, and the cleaning unit descends at a constant speed; the scraper of the main cleaning layer of the straight wall scrapes off the coal accumulated on the straight wall, and the coal slides down the bin wall to the bottom. S4. Bottom transition cleaning: When the cleaning unit descends to the bottom transition cone area, the lifting component stops descending, and the bottom brush roller starts to rotate, sweeping away the residual coal in the transition layer as it rotates circumferentially. After rotating for several revolutions, the brush roller stops. S5. Reset and stop: After cleaning is completed, the lifting winch starts in reverse, the cleaning unit rises to the top initial position, and all scrapers and brush rollers reset.

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