Automatic vibration and synchronous drainage type integral steel formwork system and method for vertical shaft concrete

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, in particular to a vertical shaft concrete automatic vibration and synchronous drainage type integral steel formwork system and method. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises fan-shaped steel formworks stacked in a staggered mode, a plurality of vibration motors are installed on the inner walls of the formworks in a staggered mode, and a synchronous drainage mechanism is installed inside; comprising an internally-attached drainage pipe, a drainage pump, an annular water pipe and a plurality of drainage mold stabilizing steel pipes, positioning clamping mechanisms are further arranged on the inner walls of the formworks, and accurate alignment and locking of the upper-layer formwork and the lower-layer formwork are achieved through cooperation of inclined clamping plates and triangular limiting plates. During construction, the drainage mold stabilizing steel pipe is inserted into the well bottom placing groove to achieve anchoring, the drainage pump automatically controls the ultralow water level, the vibration motor automatically vibrates in a layered mode, and the PLC system cooperatively controls drainage and vibration parameters. One-time high pouring, automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated operation is achieved, the number of times of formwork mounting and dismounting is greatly reduced, the construction period is remarkably shortened, and meanwhile the well wall quality and the construction safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft construction technology, and in particular to a shaft concrete automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork system and method. Background Technology

[0002] As mineral resource development extends to deeper levels, mine shafts, as the core passageways for underground mining, directly impact mine production safety and economic benefits through their construction quality and efficiency. Currently, shaft construction is facing a trend of depths exceeding 1500m and diameters expanding to over 10m. The dual geological challenges of high ground pressure and high water inflow place higher demands on shaft wall concrete pouring technology. As a permanent support structure, the shaft wall must withstand both ground and water pressure simultaneously. Its construction quality not only affects the shaft's service life but also the safety of underground workers. Therefore, developing efficient construction equipment suitable for deep shafts has become an urgent industry need.

[0003] The current method for vertical shaft concrete pouring mainly employs traditional techniques using wooden formwork or small combined steel formwork, combined with manual vibration and drainage. Wooden formwork is used in shallow well construction due to its lower cost, but it is prone to moisture damage and deformation in the high-humidity environment of the shaft, limiting its reusability. While small combined steel formwork offers better durability, it requires extensive splicing to create the pouring space, making misalignment and grout leakage at the joints difficult to avoid. Concrete vibration relies on workers holding vibrators atop the formwork, and the vibration quality is significantly affected by human factors. Water accumulation at the bottom of the shaft requires dedicated personnel to monitor and drain the water pumps. The entire construction process is characterized by independent stages that rely heavily on manual coordination.

[0004] However, traditional methods suffer from low construction efficiency in practical applications. Due to the limited height of a single pour using formwork, deep shaft construction requires frequent formwork installation and removal, resulting in a significant amount of time being wasted on repetitive processes. Furthermore, the interference between manual vibration and manual drainage often forces interruptions in pouring operations due to untimely drainage, further extending the construction cycle. Therefore, this application proposes an automatic vibration and simultaneous drainage integrated steel formwork system and method for shaft concrete. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem of low construction efficiency in the prior art by proposing an automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system and method for vertical shaft concrete.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete, comprising multiple sector-shaped steel formworks disposed on the inner side of the foundation, the multiple sector-shaped steel formworks being stacked in a staggered manner, and sealing gaskets being provided between the multiple sector-shaped steel formworks; concrete well walls are poured between the foundation and the sector-shaped steel formworks; multiple vibration motors are disposed on the inner wall of the sector-shaped steel formworks, and the multiple vibration motors are installed in a staggered manner on the inner wall of the sector-shaped steel formworks via disassembly and assembly bolts; the steel formwork system also includes a synchronous drainage mechanism disposed inside the sector-shaped steel formworks; The synchronous drainage mechanism includes an internal drainage pipe installed inside the fan-shaped steel formwork. The bottom of the internal drainage pipe is fitted with a connecting sleeve, and the top is fitted with an inclined clamping plate. The inclined clamping plate is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve. A drainage pump is installed inside the fan-shaped steel formwork at the bottom, and the drainage pump is disposed in the middle of the internal drainage pipe. An annular water pipe is fixedly installed at the bottom of the internal drainage pipe. Multiple drainage stabilizing steel pipes are installed on the lower side inside the annular water pipe, and a filter tank is installed at the bottom of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe. An inclined spray pipe is installed inside the drainage stabilizing steel pipe near the filter tank.

[0007] Optionally, multiple placement slots are provided at the bottom of the foundation, and the placement slots are used to place water supply and drainage stabilizing steel pipes and filter tanks.

[0008] Optionally, when the fan-shaped steel template is installed in a staggered stack, the top and bottom of the internal drainage pipe inside it are engaged.

[0009] Optionally, the annular water pipe is located at the bottom of the fan-shaped steel template, and the angled spray pipe is designed at an angle.

[0010] Optionally, the steel formwork system also includes a positioning and locking mechanism disposed on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork; The positioning and locking mechanism is installed on the lower side of the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel template via a fixing plate. The positioning and locking mechanism also includes two inclined locking plates, which are respectively installed at the top two ends of the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel template and are arranged in an isosceles triangle with the fixing plate. A positioning seat is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the fixing plate. When multiple fan-shaped steel templates are stacked in a staggered manner, the inclined locking plates at both ends of adjacent fan-shaped steel templates will move closer together, and the positioning seat is slidably disposed between the two inclined locking plates. A threaded shaft is threadedly engaged inside the fixing plate, and a handle is installed at the top of the threaded shaft. A locking mechanism is installed inside the handle, and a rotating shaft is installed at the bottom. A trapezoidal push plate is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. Triangular limit plates are slidably disposed on both sides of the outer wall of the trapezoidal push plate, and L-shaped limit plates that slide inside the positioning seat are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the triangular limit plate.

[0011] Optionally, the inclined portion of the triangular limiting plate is in contact with the inner wall of the inclined card plate, and the triangular limiting plate is slidably disposed inside the positioning seat.

[0012] Optionally, the bottom of the fan-shaped steel template is equipped with a positioning plate, and the top is provided with a limit slot.

[0013] Optionally, the locking mechanism includes a limiting plate that is slidably disposed inside one side of the handle. A pull rod is installed on the top of the limiting plate, and a locking shaft is installed on the bottom. The outer wall of the locking shaft is slidably disposed inside the handle and the fixing plate. A telescopic spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the locking shaft near the limiting plate.

[0014] Optionally, one end of the telescopic spring is fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the limiting plate, and the other end is fixedly disposed inside the handle.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork for vertical shaft concrete, applied to the automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete described in the first aspect. The method includes the following steps: S1. Based on the design diameter and depth of the vertical shaft, prefabricate multiple fan-shaped steel templates. Install multiple vibrating motors on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel templates by means of disassembly and assembly bolts, and install a synchronous drainage mechanism along the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel templates. The synchronous drainage mechanism includes an inner drainage pipe, a drainage pump, a ring water pipe, and multiple drainage stabilizing steel pipes. A filter tank is installed at the bottom of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe, and an inclined spray pipe is set inside. S2. The prefabricated fan-shaped steel formwork is lowered sequentially to the designated position on the foundation of the shaft, so that the drainage stabilizing steel pipe and the filter tank are inserted into the pre-set placement groove at the bottom of the foundation and penetrate deep into the gravel layer at the bottom of the shaft. The bearing capacity of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe is used to fix the formwork. At the same time, the upper and lower fan-shaped steel formwork are precisely aligned and locked through the positioning and locking mechanism to ensure that the overall verticality deviation of the formwork is ≤0.1%. S3. During the concrete pouring process, the water level at the bottom of the well is monitored in real time. When the water level rises to the set threshold above the working surface, the drainage pump is automatically started. The accumulated water is filtered by the filter tank and then enters the drainage stabilizing steel pipe. The inclined spray pipe uses the reaction force of the water flow to disperse the debris around the filter tank. The accumulated water flows into the inner drainage pipe through the ring water pipe and is discharged to the outside of the well by the drainage pump until the water level drops to the set threshold below the working surface. The drainage pump is automatically shut off to ensure that the poured layer is always in a water-free state. S4. According to the concrete pouring progress, the vibration motor is automatically started in the order of layers. Each layer is vibrated for 20-30 seconds, with a vibration frequency of 50-60Hz and an amplitude of 1.5-2.5mm, so that the concrete density reaches more than 99% and the air bubble removal rate is >95%. S5. After the concrete well wall strength reaches more than 70% of the design strength, release the locking of the positioning clamping mechanism, dismantle the fan-shaped steel formwork layer by layer, and transfer it to the next pouring cycle.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This invention employs intelligent vibration and precise drainage control, achieving a concrete density of over 99%, an air bubble removal rate of >95%, a well wall verticality deviation of ≤20mm, a surface flatness deviation of ≤3mm, a 28-day compressive strength compliance rate of 100%, and an impermeability grade of P8 or higher. This fundamentally avoids quality defects caused by uneven vibration or water intrusion in traditional processes.

[0017] Furthermore, through the overall steel formwork design, the one-time pouring height is increased to 3-5m, more than double that of the traditional process of 1.5-2m. Combined with automatic vibration and synchronous drainage, the number of formwork installation and dismantling cycles is reduced by 60%, the single-section pouring period is shortened by 50%, and the overall shaft construction period can be shortened by 30%-40%, effectively solving the problems of long construction cycle and poor process connection of the traditional process. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vertical shaft concrete automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the top structure of an automatic vibration and drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the integral steel formwork for a vertical shaft concrete automatic vibration and synchronous drainage type integral steel formwork system; Figure 4 An exploded structural diagram of the integral steel formwork for a vertical shaft concrete automatic vibration and synchronous drainage type integral steel formwork system; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the integral steel formwork for a vertical shaft concrete automatic vibration and synchronous drainage type integral steel formwork system; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the fixed plate structure of an automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the drainage pipe structure for an automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete. Figure 8 for Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixing plate of an automatic vibration and drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete. Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the handle of a vertical shaft concrete automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system. Figure 11 This is a flowchart of a method for automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork for vertical shaft concrete.

[0019] Attached reference numerals: 1. Foundation; 2. Concrete well wall; 3. Fan-shaped steel formwork; 4. Positioning plate; 5. Limiting slot; 6. Internal drainage pipe; 7. Fixing plate; 8. Angled clamping plate; 9. Positioning seat; 10. Threaded shaft; 11. Handle; 12. Rotating shaft; 13. Trapezoidal push plate; 14. Triangular limiting plate; 15. L-shaped limiting plate; 16. Tie rod; 17. Limiting disc; 18. Clamping shaft; 19. Telescopic spring; 20. Vibration motor; 21. Disassembly bolt; 22. Sealing gasket; 23. Placement groove; 24. Drainage pump; 25. Annular water pipe; 26. Drainage stabilizing steel pipe; 27. Angled spray pipe; 28. Filter tank; 29. ​​Connecting sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features described therein can be combined with each other. Example

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete proposed in this invention includes multiple fan-shaped steel formwork 3 set inside the foundation 1 and a synchronous drainage mechanism set inside the fan-shaped steel formwork 3; the multiple fan-shaped steel formwork 3 are stacked in a staggered manner, and sealing gaskets 22 are set between the multiple fan-shaped steel formwork 3; concrete well wall 2 is poured between the foundation 1 and the fan-shaped steel formwork 3; multiple vibration motors 20 are set on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork 3, and the multiple vibration motors 20 are installed in a staggered manner on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork 3 by disassembly and assembly bolts 21; The synchronous drainage mechanism includes an inner drainage pipe 6 installed inside the fan-shaped steel template 3. The bottom of the inner drainage pipe 6 is equipped with a connecting sleeve 29, and the top is equipped with an inclined clamping plate 8. The inclined clamping plate 8 is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve 29. A drainage pump 24 is installed inside the fan-shaped steel template 3 at the bottom, and the drainage pump 24 is disposed in the middle of the inner drainage pipe 6. An annular water pipe 25 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner drainage pipe 6. Multiple drainage stabilizing steel pipes 26 are installed on the lower side inside the annular water pipe 25. A filter tank 28 is installed at the bottom of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26. An inclined spray pipe 27 is installed on the side of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26 near the filter tank 28. Secondly, multiple placement slots 23 are provided at the bottom of the foundation 1, and the placement slots 23 are used to place the drainage and stabilizing steel pipes 26 and the filter tanks 28; when the fan-shaped steel templates 3 are installed in a staggered stack, the top and bottom of the internal drainage pipes 6 are engaged; the annular water pipes 25 are set at the bottom of the fan-shaped steel templates 3, and the oblique spray pipes 27 are designed at an angle. The synchronous drainage mechanism is described in detail below: In this embodiment, firstly, according to the designed diameter and depth of the shaft, multiple fan-shaped steel templates 3 are prefabricated, and multiple vibratory motors 20 are staggered and installed on their inner walls using disassembly bolts 21. The vibratory motors 20 are arranged in a layered, circumferential, and uniform manner to ensure that there are no blind spots in the vibration coverage. Simultaneously, a synchronous drainage mechanism is prefabricated inside the fan-shaped steel templates 3: an internal drainage pipe 6 is arranged vertically along the inner wall of the template, and its bottom is connected to a ring-shaped water pipe 25 via a connecting sleeve 29. Multiple drainage and formwork stabilizing steel pipes 26 are evenly distributed below the ring-shaped water pipe 25. A filter tank 28 is installed at the bottom of each drainage and formwork stabilizing steel pipe 26, and an oblique spray pipe 27 is provided inside the pipe near the filter tank 28. A drainage pump 24 is installed in the middle of the internal drainage pipe 6 and is connected to it.

[0022] In actual construction, multiple sector-shaped steel formwork 3 are first lowered sequentially to the designated positions on the vertical shaft foundation 1. To ensure the overall stability of the formwork system, multiple placement slots 23 are pre-drilled at the bottom of the foundation 1. When the formwork is lowered, the drainage and stabilizing steel pipe 26 and its bottom filter tank 28 are precisely inserted into the placement slots 23, achieving initial anchoring of the formwork. At this time, the drainage and stabilizing steel pipe 26 is inserted to a depth of approximately 1.5m into the gravel layer at the bottom of the shaft. Utilizing its high-strength steel pipe Φ159×6, it provides a bearing capacity of not less than 80kN, effectively resisting the displacement generated by subsequent vibration operations and ensuring that the vibration displacement of the formwork during the pouring process is ≤0.2mm.

[0023] Concrete pouring then begins, with concrete poured along the gap between the formwork and the rock wall to form the concrete well wall 2. During this process, the synchronous drainage mechanism automatically activates: the drainage pump 24 monitors the water level at the bottom of the well in real time. When the water level rises to 0.3m above the working surface, the drainage pump 24 automatically starts, drawing the accumulated water into the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26 through the filter tank 28. The filter tank 28 employs a multi-layered filter structure, effectively blocking gravel and mud to prevent pipe blockage. After the accumulated water enters the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26, the inclined nozzle 27, with its inclined design, discharges a small portion of the water at a certain angle, dispersing the gravel deposits around the filter tank 28 and preventing gravel from clogging the inlet. The annular water pipe 25 collects water from each branch and connects to the inner drainage pipe 6 through the connecting sleeve 29, finally being pressurized and discharged to the outside of the well by the drainage pump 24. When the water level drops to 0.1m below the working surface, the drainage pump 24 automatically shuts down, thereby achieving automatic control of the ultra-low water level and ensuring that the pouring layer is always in a water-free environment, preventing water from entering the uncured concrete and causing segregation.

[0024] Meanwhile, when the concrete is poured to a height of 1.5m, the control system automatically starts the first layer of vibrating motors 20 with a spacing of 1.2-1.8m, a vibration frequency of 50-60Hz, and an amplitude of 1.5-2.5mm, continuously vibrating for 20-30 seconds to fully expel air bubbles from the concrete, achieving an expulsion rate >95%. When the concrete is poured to a height of 3.0m, the second layer of vibrating motors 20 is started, and so on. All vibrating motors 20 are securely installed on the inner wall of the sector-shaped steel formwork 3 using disassembly bolts 21, with a connection rigidity ≥10. 4 N / mm ensures that the vibration energy is effectively transferred to the concrete. Because the vibratory motors 20 are staggered, the vibration influence radius of adjacent motors is R=1.0m, and the overlap coverage is ≥20%, which completely eliminates the blind spots of traditional manual vibration and makes the concrete density reach more than 99%.

[0025] Furthermore, multiple sector-shaped steel formwork 3 are flexibly sealed with sealing gaskets 22, which effectively absorb vibration energy during vibration, prevent grout leakage at the formwork joints, and ensure that the surface flatness deviation of the well wall is ≤3mm. Throughout the pouring process, the drainage and vibration systems are controlled collaboratively by a PLC: the drainage flow rate is matched in real time according to the water inflow, and the vibration intensity is automatically adjusted according to the concrete slump, such as 50Hz when the slump is 180mm and 45Hz when it is 220mm, thereby avoiding concrete segregation or formwork displacement and ensuring that the well wall quality meets the standards on the first attempt. Example

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the steel formwork system further includes a positioning and locking mechanism disposed on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork 3 and a locking mechanism disposed inside the handle 11. The positioning and locking mechanism is installed on the lower side of the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork 3 through the fixing plate 7. The positioning and locking mechanism also includes two inclined plates 8, which are respectively installed at the top two ends of the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork 3 and are arranged in an isosceles triangle with the fixing plate 7. A positioning seat 9 is fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the fixing plate 7. When multiple fan-shaped steel formworks 3 are stacked in a staggered manner, the inclined plates 8 at both ends of the adjacent fan-shaped steel formworks 3 will approach each other, and the positioning seat 9 is slidably disposed between the two inclined plates 8. A threaded shaft 10 is threadedly engaged inside the fixing plate 7, and a handle 11 is installed on the top of the threaded shaft 10, and a rotating shaft 12 is installed at the bottom. A trapezoidal push plate 13 is disposed on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 12. Triangular limit plates 14 are slidably disposed on both sides of the outer wall of the trapezoidal push plate 13, and L-shaped limit plates 15 that slide inside the positioning seat 9 are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the triangular limit plate 14. Among them, the inclined part of the triangular limiting plate 14 is in contact with the inner wall of the inclined card plate 8, and the triangular limiting plate 14 is slidably set inside the positioning seat 9; the bottom of the fan-shaped steel template 3 is equipped with a positioning plate 4, and the top is provided with a limiting slot 5. Secondly, the locking mechanism includes a limiting plate 17 slidably disposed inside one side of the handle 11. A pull rod 16 is installed on the top of the limiting plate 17, and a locking shaft 18 is installed on the bottom. The outer wall of the locking shaft 18 is slidably disposed inside the handle 11 and the fixing plate 7. A telescopic spring 19 is sleeved on the outer wall of the locking shaft 18 near the limiting plate 17. One end of the telescopic spring 19 is fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the limiting plate 17, and the other end is fixedly disposed inside the handle 11. The positioning and locking mechanism is described in detail below: In this embodiment, a positioning plate 4 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the fan-shaped steel template 3, and a limiting slot 5 is correspondingly opened at the top. When the upper fan-shaped steel template 3 is lowered, its bottom positioning plate 4 is first inserted into the limiting slot 5 of the lower template to achieve preliminary radial positioning of the upper and lower templates. At the same time, inclined plates 8 are installed at both ends of the top of the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel template 3, and a positioning seat 9 is installed on the lower side of the inner wall through a fixing plate 7. The two inclined plates 8 and the fixing plate 7 are arranged in an isosceles triangle to provide a guiding reference for subsequent precise alignment.

[0027] After the upper and lower layers of sector-shaped steel templates 3 are initially stacked, the operator turns the handle 11, which drives the threaded shaft 10 to rotate. Since the threaded shaft 10 is threadedly engaged with the fixing plate 7, it moves downwards while rotating, and the bottom pivot 12 pushes the trapezoidal push plate 13 downwards. The inclined surfaces on both sides of the trapezoidal push plate 13 contact the inclined surfaces of the two triangular limiting plates 14 respectively. As the trapezoidal push plate 13 moves downwards, the triangular limiting plates 14 slide to both sides under the guidance of the positioning seat 9, gradually approaching the inclined clamping plates 8 on both sides. Because the inclined surfaces of the triangular limiting plates 14 are in contact with the inner walls of the inclined clamping plates 8, as the triangular limiting plates 14 continue to move outwards, the radial force generated by their inclined surfaces will force the upper and lower inclined clamping plates 8 to move closer together, thereby causing the entire sector-shaped steel template 3 to be slightly adjusted towards the central axis until the joint between the upper and lower templates is completely sealed. During this process, the L-shaped limiting plate 15 always slides within the positioning seat 9 to ensure that the movement trajectory of the triangular limiting plate 14 is stable and to prevent deviation.

[0028] Once the upper and lower templates reach their designed positions, the retaining shaft 18, located inside the handle 11, will slide synchronously into the fixing plate 7 under the thrust of the telescopic spring 19, thus locking the handle 11. For disassembly, the operator first pulls the lever 16 upwards. The lever 16 then drives the limiting plate 17 to stretch the telescopic spring 19, causing the retaining shaft 18 to retract into the handle 11, allowing the handle 11 to be driven. This prevents the threaded shaft 10 from loosening due to vibration during compaction. At this point, the upper and lower fan-shaped steel templates 3 are precisely aligned and rigidly locked. The joints are filled with sealing gaskets 22 to ensure that the overall verticality deviation of the template is ≤0.1% (i.e., ≤1mm per meter).

[0029] Multiple fan-shaped steel formwork 3 can be quickly stacked in a staggered manner to form an integral steel formwork of the designed height. Each installation and disassembly only requires rotating the handle 11 to lock or release, significantly shortening the formwork assembly time. At the same time, since the inclined clamping plate 8 and the triangular limiting plate 14 use inclined surfaces to cooperate, they can automatically eliminate accumulated errors and ensure that the joints of each layer of formwork are tight. This provides a high-precision forming space for subsequent concrete pouring, ultimately achieving excellent quality indicators such as well wall verticality deviation ≤20mm and surface flatness ≤3mm.

[0030] like Figures 1-11 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork for vertical shaft concrete, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Based on the design diameter and depth of the vertical shaft, prefabricate multiple fan-shaped steel templates 3. Install multiple vibrating motors 20 in staggered positions on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel templates 3 using disassembly bolts 21. Install a synchronous drainage mechanism along the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel templates 3. The synchronous drainage mechanism includes an internal drainage pipe 6, a drainage pump 24, a ring water pipe 25, and multiple drainage stabilizing steel pipes 26. Install a filter tank 28 at the bottom of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26 and set an inclined spray pipe 27 inside. S2. The prefabricated fan-shaped steel formwork 3 is lowered sequentially to the designated position of the vertical shaft foundation 1, so that the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26 together with the filter tank 28 is inserted into the pre-set placement groove 23 at the bottom of the foundation 1 and penetrates into the gravel layer at the bottom of the shaft. The bearing capacity of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26 is used to fix the formwork. At the same time, the upper and lower fan-shaped steel formwork 3 are precisely aligned and locked through the positioning and locking mechanism to ensure that the overall verticality deviation of the formwork is ≤0.1%. S3. During the concrete pouring process, the water level at the bottom of the well is monitored in real time. When the water level rises to the set threshold above the working surface, the drainage pump 24 is automatically started. The accumulated water is filtered by the filter tank 28 and enters the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26. The inclined spray pipe 27 uses the reaction force of the water flow to disperse the debris around the filter tank 28. The accumulated water flows into the inner drainage pipe 6 through the ring water pipe 25 and is discharged to the outside of the well by the drainage pump 24. The drainage pump 24 is automatically turned off when the water level drops to the set threshold below the working surface to ensure that the poured layer is always in a waterless state. S4. According to the concrete pouring progress, the vibrating motor 20 is automatically started in the layer sequence. Each layer is vibrated for 20-30 seconds, with a vibration frequency of 50-60Hz and an amplitude of 1.5-2.5mm, so that the concrete density reaches more than 99% and the air bubble removal rate is >95%. S5. After the concrete well wall 2 reaches more than 70% of the design strength, release the locking mechanism of the positioning clip, dismantle the fan-shaped steel formwork 3 layer by layer, and transfer it to the next pouring cycle.

[0031] Specifically, based on the designed diameter and depth of the shaft, multiple fan-shaped steel formwork 3 are prefabricated. The fan-shaped steel formwork 3 is made of Q355B low-alloy high-strength steel, with a panel thickness of 12mm and back ribs reinforced with 16-channel steel spaced 300mm apart, ensuring an overall rigidity ≥2×10⁻⁶. 5 N·m / rad. Multiple vibratory motors 20 are installed in a staggered manner on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork 3 by means of disassembly and assembly bolts 21. The arrangement of the vibratory motors 20 follows the principle of layered circumferential uniformity. Taking a vertical shaft with a diameter of 6m as an example, 6 motors are arranged in each layer with a layer spacing of 1.5m. The vibration influence radius of adjacent motors is R=1.0m, and the overlap coverage is ≥20%, ensuring that there are no blind spots in vibration.

[0032] Simultaneously, a synchronous drainage mechanism is integrated and installed along the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork 3: the internal drainage pipe 6 is vertically arranged on the inner wall of the formwork, and its bottom is connected to the annular water pipe 25 through the connecting sleeve 29. Multiple drainage and formwork stabilizing steel pipes 26 (Φ159×6 seamless steel pipes, 2.0m in length) are evenly distributed below the annular water pipe 25. A filter tank 28 is installed at the bottom of the drainage and formwork stabilizing steel pipe 26, and an oblique spray pipe 27 is installed inside near the filter tank 28. The drainage pump 24 is installed in the middle of the internal drainage pipe 6, using a mining explosion-proof submersible pump with a single pump displacement of 50m³ / h. Multiple pumps connected in parallel can achieve a total displacement of 100-300m³ / h.

[0033] The prefabricated fan-shaped steel formwork 3 is sequentially lowered to the designated position on the shaft foundation 1. Multiple placement slots 23 are pre-cut at the bottom of the foundation 1. When the formwork is lowered, the drainage and stabilizing steel pipe 26, along with its bottom filter tank 28, is precisely inserted into the placement slot 23, penetrating approximately 1.5m into the gravel layer at the bottom of the shaft. The drainage and stabilizing steel pipe 26, utilizing its high strength, provides a bearing capacity of no less than 80kN, effectively resisting displacement caused by subsequent vibration operations and achieving initial anchoring of the formwork.

[0034] During the docking of the upper and lower fan-shaped steel formwork 3, the positioning plate 4 at the bottom of the upper formwork is first inserted into the limiting slot 5 at the top of the lower formwork to achieve initial radial positioning. Then, the operator rotates the handle 11, driving the trapezoidal push plate 13 downwards via the threaded shaft 10, pushing the triangular limiting plate 14 to slide to both sides. The inclined surface of the triangular limiting plate 14 fits against the inner wall of the inclined clamping plate 8, forcing the upper and lower formwork to slightly adjust towards the central axis until the joint is completely sealed. At this point, the locking shaft 18 in the locking mechanism automatically inserts into the locking hole of the fixing plate 7 under the action of the telescopic spring 19, locking the handle 11 to prevent loosening during vibration. Through the above operations, the overall verticality deviation of the formwork is ensured to be ≤0.1%, and sealing gaskets 22 are installed at the joints between multiple fan-shaped steel formwork 3 to ensure no grout leakage during pouring.

[0035] Concrete pouring begins, with concrete poured through the gap between the fan-shaped steel formwork 3 and the rock wall to form the concrete well wall 2. During this process, when the water level rises to 0.3m above the working surface, the drainage pump 24 automatically starts. The accumulated water is filtered through the filter tank 28 and then enters the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26. The filter tank 28 employs a multi-layer filter structure to effectively block gravel and mud. After entering the drainage stabilizing steel pipe 26, some water flows out at a certain angle through the inclined nozzle 27, using the reaction force of the water flow to disperse the gravel deposits around the filter tank 28, preventing blockage of the inlet; most of the water flows upward into the annular water pipe 25, then through the connecting sleeve 29 into the inner drainage pipe 6, and finally is pressurized and discharged to the outside of the well by the drainage pump 24. When the water level drops to 0.1m below the working surface, the drainage pump 24 automatically shuts off, achieving automatic control of the ultra-low water level and ensuring that the poured layer is always in a water-free environment, preventing water from entering the uncured concrete and causing segregation.

[0036] As the concrete pouring height increases, the vibration is automatically initiated according to the layer-triggered, synchronous vibration logic. When the concrete reaches a height of 1.5m, the control system automatically starts the first layer of vibration motor 20, with a vibration frequency of 50-60Hz and an amplitude of 1.5-2.5mm, and continues to vibrate for 20-30 seconds to fully expel air bubbles from the concrete, achieving an expulsion rate of >95%. When the concrete reaches a height of 3.0m, the second layer of vibration motor 20 is started, and so on until the pouring is completed.

[0037] Throughout the vibration process, the vibration frequency was set to 50Hz when the concrete slump was 180mm; when the slump increased to 220mm, it was automatically adjusted to 45Hz to prevent over-vibration and segregation. Simultaneously, the drainage flow rate was matched in real-time according to the water inflow to ensure that the formwork vibration displacement remained ≤0.2mm. This was achieved because the vibration motors 20 were staggered and had a connection stiffness ≥10. 4 With a vibration energy of N / mm, the compaction energy is effectively transferred to the concrete, resulting in a concrete density of over 99%, which is 18% higher than that of traditional manual vibration.

[0038] After the concrete well wall 2 reaches more than 70% of its design strength, the formwork removal operation is carried out. The operator first pulls the pull rod 16 upwards. The pull rod 16 drives the limiting plate 17 to stretch the telescopic spring 19, causing the locking shaft 18 to retract into the handle 11, releasing the lock on the handle 11. Then, the handle 11 is rotated in the opposite direction, causing the threaded shaft 10 to rise. The trapezoidal push plate 13 disengages from the triangular limiting plate 14, which retracts under gravity or spring force, releasing the lock on the inclined locking plate 8. Subsequently, the upper fan-shaped steel formwork 3 is lifted, and the drainage and stabilizing steel pipe 26 at its bottom is pulled out of the placement groove 23, completing the removal of this section of formwork. The removed formwork is then transferred to the next construction section, and steps two through five are repeated for cyclical pouring operations until the entire shaft wall construction is completed.

[0039] The above specific embodiments are merely several optional embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant teachings of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft concrete automatic vibration synchronous drainage integral steel formwork system, comprising multiple sector-shaped steel formwork (3) set inside the foundation (1), characterized in that: Multiple fan-shaped steel templates (3) are stacked in a staggered manner, and sealing gaskets (22) are provided between multiple fan-shaped steel templates (3). Concrete well walls (2) are poured between the foundation (1) and the fan-shaped steel templates (3). Multiple vibration motors (20) are provided on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel templates (3), and the multiple vibration motors (20) are installed in a staggered manner on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel templates (3) by disassembly bolts (21). The steel template system also includes a synchronous drainage mechanism set inside the fan-shaped steel templates (3). The synchronous drainage mechanism includes an inner drainage pipe (6) installed inside the fan-shaped steel template (3), and a connecting sleeve (29) is installed at the bottom of the inner drainage pipe (6), and an inclined clamping plate (8) is installed at the top. The inclined clamping plate (8) is slidably disposed on the inner wall of the connecting sleeve (29). A drainage pump (24) is installed inside the fan-shaped steel template (3) at the bottom, and the drainage pump (24) is disposed in the middle of the inner drainage pipe (6). An annular water pipe (25) is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the inner drainage pipe (6). Multiple drainage stabilizing steel pipes (26) are installed on the lower side inside the annular water pipe (25), and a filter tank (28) is installed at the bottom of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe (26). An inclined spray pipe (27) is installed on the side of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe (26) near the filter tank (28).

2. The automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foundation (1) has multiple placement slots (23) at its bottom, and the placement slots (23) are used to place the drainage and stabilizing steel pipes (26) and the filter tanks (28).

3. The automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the fan-shaped steel template (3) is installed in a staggered stack, it causes the top and bottom of the internal drainage pipe (6) inside it to snap together.

4. The automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete according to claim 3, characterized in that, The annular water pipe (25) is set at the bottom of the fan-shaped steel template (3), and the oblique spray pipe (27) is designed to be oblique.

5. The automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel formwork system also includes a positioning and snapping mechanism installed on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel formwork (3); The positioning and locking mechanism is installed on the lower side of the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel template (3) via a fixing plate (7). The positioning and locking mechanism also includes two inclined locking plates (8), which are respectively installed at the top two ends of the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel template (3) and are arranged in an isosceles triangle with the fixing plate (7). A positioning seat (9) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the fixing plate (7). When multiple fan-shaped steel templates (3) are stacked in a staggered manner, the inclined locking plates (8) at both ends of the adjacent fan-shaped steel templates (3) will move closer together, and the positioning seat (9) is slidably set on the two inclined plates. Between the card plates (8), the fixed plate (7) is provided with a threaded shaft (10) inside the threaded engagement, and a handle (11) is installed on the top of the threaded shaft (10). The handle (11) is provided with a locking mechanism inside, and a rotating shaft (12) is installed at the bottom. A trapezoidal push plate (13) is provided on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (12). Triangular limit plates (14) are slidably provided on both sides of the outer wall of the trapezoidal push plate (13). L-shaped limit plates (15) that slide inside the positioning seat (9) are installed on both sides of the outer wall of the triangular limit plate (14).

6. The automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inclined portion of the triangular limiting plate (14) is in contact with the inner wall of the inclined card plate (8), and the triangular limiting plate (14) is slidably disposed inside the positioning seat (9).

7. The automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the fan-shaped steel template (3) is equipped with a positioning plate (4), and the top is provided with a limit slot (5).

8. The automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integrated steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete according to claim 5, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes a limiting plate (17) that is slidably disposed inside one side of the handle (11). A pull rod (16) is installed on the top of the limiting plate (17), and a locking shaft (18) is installed on the bottom. The outer wall of the locking shaft (18) is slidably disposed inside the handle (11) and the fixing plate (7). A telescopic spring (19) is sleeved on the outer wall of the locking shaft (18) near the limiting plate (17).

9. The automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete according to claim 8, characterized in that, One end of the telescopic spring (19) is fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the limiting plate (17), and the other end is fixedly disposed inside the handle (11).

10. A method for automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork for vertical shaft concrete, applied to the automatic vibration and synchronous drainage integral steel formwork system for vertical shaft concrete as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Based on the design diameter and depth of the vertical shaft, prefabricate multiple fan-shaped steel templates (3). Install multiple vibrating motors (20) on the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel templates (3) by means of disassembly bolts (21) in a staggered manner. Install a synchronous drainage mechanism along the inner wall of the fan-shaped steel templates (3). The synchronous drainage mechanism includes an inner drainage pipe (6), a drainage pump (24), a ring water pipe (25), and multiple drainage stabilizing steel pipes (26). Install a filter tank (28) at the bottom of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe (26) and set an inclined spray pipe (27) inside. S2. The prefabricated fan-shaped steel templates (3) are sequentially lowered to the designated positions of the vertical shaft foundation (1), so that the drainage stabilizing steel pipe (26) together with the filter tank (28) are inserted into the pre-set placement groove (23) at the bottom of the foundation (1) and penetrate into the gravel layer at the bottom of the well. The formwork is fixed by the bearing capacity of the drainage stabilizing steel pipe (26), and the upper and lower fan-shaped steel templates (3) are precisely aligned and locked by the positioning and locking mechanism to ensure that the overall verticality deviation of the template is ≤0.1%. S3. During the concrete pouring process, the water level at the bottom of the well is monitored in real time. When the water level rises to the set threshold above the working surface, the drainage pump (24) is automatically started. The accumulated water is filtered by the filter tank (28) and enters the drainage stabilizing steel pipe (26). The inclined spray pipe (27) uses the reaction force of the water flow to disperse the debris around the filter tank (28). The accumulated water flows into the inner drainage pipe (6) through the ring water pipe (25) and is discharged to the outside of the well by the drainage pump (24) until the water level drops to the set threshold below the working surface. The drainage pump (24) is automatically shut off to ensure that the pouring layer is always in a waterless state. S4. According to the concrete pouring progress, the vibrating motor (20) is automatically started in the layer sequence. Each layer is vibrated for 20-30 seconds, with a vibration frequency of 50-60Hz and an amplitude of 1.5-2.5mm, so that the concrete density reaches more than 99% and the air bubble discharge rate is >95%. S5. After the concrete well wall (2) reaches more than 70% of the design strength, release the locking mechanism of the positioning clip and remove the fan-shaped steel formwork (3) layer by layer and transfer it to the next pouring cycle.

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