Multi-heat-source three-tank heat storage type fusion reactor energy conversion device and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion reactor energy conversion, in particular to a multi-heat-source three-tank heat storage type fusion reactor energy conversion device and system. The device comprises a first heat removal system, a second heat removal system and a three-tank heat storage system, the first heat removal system and the second heat removal system are connected with the three-tank heat storage system in series. The three-tank heat storage system comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a high-temperature storage tank, a medium-temperature storage tank, a low-temperature storage tank, a low-temperature heat storage working medium pump, a medium-temperature heat storage working medium pump and a high-temperature heat storage working medium pump. The low-temperature storage tank is connected with a low-temperature heat storage working medium pump, the low-temperature heat storage working medium pump is connected with a second heat storage heat exchanger in the second heat removal system, and the second heat storage heat exchanger is connected with the medium-temperature storage tank. The medium-temperature storage tank serves as a buffer, allows the system to independently adjust the flow of each heat source heat exchanger, can adapt to the appropriate flow of the two heat source heat exchangers respectively, optimizes heat distribution, and provides a heat source with stable parameters for the thermoelectric conversion system during operation and stop of the fusion reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion reactor energy conversion technology, specifically to a multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous increase in human demand for energy and the relentless pursuit of safe, clean, green, and efficient energy, the development and utilization of new energy sources has become an inevitable trend. Against this backdrop, nuclear fusion energy, with its near-infinite fuel resources, inherent high safety, and environmental friendliness, has attracted unprecedented attention and development.

[0003] Currently, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project has only verified some scientific and engineering issues and has not yet achieved the verification of continuous power generation. Therefore, in the development path of subsequent fusion demonstration reactors and commercial reactors, achieving stable and continuous power generation has become a key objective, and the design of the energy conversion system is particularly important.

[0004] Due to the instability of fusion reactor plasma, its power output often exhibits pulsed characteristics, making the energy conversion schemes used in traditional nuclear fission reactors unsuitable for direct application. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an intermediate energy storage link between the fusion reactor and the power generation system to smooth out power fluctuations and ensure stable power output. Among various energy storage technologies, liquid sensible thermal energy storage is more suitable for fusion reactor energy storage schemes because its operating temperature range is compatible with fusion reactors, and liquid thermal energy storage media, such as molten salt and thermal oil, are widely used in commercial solar thermal power plants, demonstrating high technological maturity and engineering reference value.

[0005] Currently, fusion reactor blankets are mainly classified into two categories based on the material form of their tritium breeder: liquid blankets and solid blankets. Solid blankets typically use helium or water as coolants and are mostly single-cooled. Liquid blankets, on the other hand, can use helium, water, or liquid metal as coolants, and their cooling methods are more diverse, including single-cooling, dual-cooling, or liquid metal self-cooling. Furthermore, the breeder itself can also act as a cooling medium for heat removal. In addition, fusion reactors contain other high-temperature components, such as divertors, whose heat source characteristics may differ from those of the blanket. Currently, for multi-heat-source scenarios (such as dual-cooled blankets or combinations of blankets and divertors), traditional single-tank or dual-tank thermal storage systems struggle to flexibly adjust the flow rate and heat integration of each heat source, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that the single-tank or double-tank thermal storage system in the prior art is difficult to flexibly adjust the flow rate and heat integration of each heat source, resulting in low energy utilization efficiency, and thus provides a multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device and system.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a multi-heat-source, three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device, comprising: a first heat extraction system and a second heat extraction system, and a three-tank thermal storage system; the first and second heat extraction systems are respectively connected in series with the three-tank thermal storage system, and the three-tank thermal storage system includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, a high-temperature storage tank, a medium-temperature storage tank, a low-temperature storage tank, a low-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump, a medium-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump, and a high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump; the low-temperature storage tank is connected to the low-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump, and the low-temperature... The thermal storage working fluid pump is connected to the second thermal storage heat exchanger in the second heat extraction system. The second thermal storage heat exchanger is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank. The medium-temperature storage tank is connected to the medium-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump. The medium-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump is connected to the first thermal storage heat exchanger in the first heat extraction system. The first thermal storage heat exchanger is connected to the high-temperature storage tank. The high-temperature storage tank is connected to the high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump. The high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump is connected to the first heat exchanger. The first heat exchanger is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank and the second heat exchanger. The second heat exchanger is connected to the low-temperature storage tank.

[0008] Furthermore, it includes: a seventh isolation valve between the cryogenic storage tank and the cryogenic thermal storage working fluid pump; an eighth isolation valve between the cryogenic thermal storage working fluid pump and the second thermal storage heat exchanger; and a ninth isolation valve between the second thermal storage heat exchanger and the medium-temperature storage tank.

[0009] Furthermore, a tenth isolation valve is provided between the intermediate temperature storage tank and the intermediate temperature heat storage working fluid pump, an eleventh isolation valve is provided between the intermediate temperature heat storage working fluid pump and the first heat storage heat exchanger, and a twelfth isolation valve is provided between the first heat storage heat exchanger and the high temperature storage tank.

[0010] Furthermore, a thirteenth isolation valve is provided between the high-temperature storage tank and the high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump, and a fourteenth isolation valve is provided between the high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump and the first heat exchanger. The outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to a three-way valve, one of which is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank, and the other is connected to the second heat exchanger. A fifteenth isolation valve is provided between the second heat exchanger and the low-temperature storage tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are each connected to a thermoelectric conversion device to form two independent power generation circuits; or the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are connected to the same thermoelectric conversion device, so that the working fluid of the two circuits flows through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger in sequence for two-stage heating.

[0012] Furthermore, the first heat extraction system includes a high-temperature heat source and a first circulating pump; the high-temperature heat source is connected to a first heat storage heat exchanger, the first heat storage heat exchanger is connected to the first circulating pump, and the first circulating pump is connected to the high-temperature heat source.

[0013] Furthermore, the first heat extraction system also includes a first isolation valve, a second isolation valve, and a third isolation valve; the first isolation valve is located between the first high-temperature heat source and the first heat storage heat exchanger, the second isolation valve is located between the first heat storage heat exchanger and the first circulating pump, and the third isolation valve is located between the first circulating pump and the first high-temperature heat source.

[0014] Furthermore, the second heat extraction system includes a second high-temperature heat source and a second circulation pump; the second high-temperature heat source is connected to a second heat storage heat exchanger, the second heat storage heat exchanger is connected to the second circulation pump, and the second circulation pump is connected to the second high-temperature heat source.

[0015] Furthermore, the second heat extraction system also includes a fourth isolation valve, a fifth isolation valve, and a sixth isolation valve. The fourth isolation valve is located between the second high-temperature heat source and the second heat storage heat exchanger. The fifth isolation valve is located between the second heat storage heat exchanger and the second circulating pump. The sixth isolation valve is located between the second circulating pump and the second high-temperature heat source.

[0016] The present invention also provides a multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion system, including the aforementioned multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device.

[0017] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages: The multi-heat-source, three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device provided by this invention achieves tiered storage and release of heat through the layout of high-temperature, medium-temperature, and low-temperature storage tanks. The medium-temperature storage tank acts as a buffer, allowing the system to independently adjust the flow rate of each heat source heat exchanger. It can adapt to the appropriate flow rate of two heat source heat exchangers respectively, thereby optimizing heat distribution and ensuring a stable heat source for the thermoelectric conversion system during both fusion reactor operation and shutdown.

[0018] The multi-heat-source, three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device provided by this invention not only allows for flexible control of the flow rate of each heat exchanger, ensuring efficient and coordinated utilization of heat, but also reduces the design and manufacturing difficulty of the heat exchangers. With two heat exchangers configured at the output end, it can be paired with either a large-scale thermoelectric conversion system or two independent medium-sized thermoelectric conversion systems, thereby achieving flexible scheduling and efficient conversion of heat.

[0019] (1) Achieve continuous power generation: Through the "peak shaving and valley filling" effect of the three-tank thermal storage system, the power fluctuation caused by the pulse operation of the fusion reactor is effectively overcome, and a nearly continuous and stable power output is achieved.

[0020] (2) High energy utilization rate: The system can utilize multiple heat sources of the fusion reactor at the same time, and improve the overall energy utilization efficiency through multi-stage heating and cascade utilization of the heat storage medium.

[0021] (3) Flexible and stable operation: The three-tank design and decoupled operation mode make the heat storage and heat release processes relatively independent, which can provide extremely stable heat source parameters for the thermoelectric conversion system and ensure the long-term reliable operation of the power generation system.

[0022] (4) Flexible configuration: The flexible connection method on the heat exchanger side enables this system to be flexibly adapted to thermoelectric conversion devices of different capacities and types, and has a wide range of applications.

[0023] The summary section is provided to present the chosen concepts in a simplified form, which will be further described in the detailed description below. The summary section is not intended to identify essential or necessary features of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device provided by the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. High-temperature heat source one; 2. High-temperature heat source two; 3. First heat storage heat exchanger; 4. Second heat storage heat exchanger; 5. First heat exchanger; 6. Second heat exchanger; 7. High-temperature storage tank; 8. Medium-temperature storage tank; 9. Low-temperature storage tank; 10. First circulating pump; 11. Second circulating pump; 12. Low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump; 13. Medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump; 14. High-temperature heat storage working fluid pump; 15. Three-way valve; 16. First isolation valve; 17. Second isolation valve; 18. Third isolation valve; 19. Fourth isolation valve; 20. Fifth isolation valve; 21. Sixth isolation valve; 22. Seventh isolation valve; 23. Eighth isolation valve; 24. Ninth isolation valve; 25. Tenth isolation valve; 26. Eleventh isolation valve; 27. Twelfth isolation valve; 28. Thirteenth isolation valve; 29. ​​Fourteenth isolation valve; 30. Fifteenth isolation valve. Detailed Implementation

[0027] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0028] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0029] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a multi-heat-source, three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device, comprising: two fusion reactor heat extraction systems and one three-tank thermal storage system; the fusion reactor heat extraction system is used to extract thermal energy from different high-temperature heat sources of the fusion reactor and transfer the thermal energy to the three-tank thermal storage system through corresponding thermal storage heat exchangers; the three-tank thermal storage system is used to store part of the thermal energy during fusion reactor operation and to transfer another part of the thermal energy to the thermoelectric conversion system for power generation, while releasing the stored thermal energy during fusion reactor shutdown to continue driving the thermoelectric conversion system, thereby achieving continuous and stable energy output.

[0030] The fusion reactor heat extraction system includes a first heat extraction system and a second heat extraction system.

[0031] The first heat extraction system includes a high-temperature heat source 1 and a first circulating pump 10; the high-temperature heat source 1 is connected to a first heat storage heat exchanger 3, the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 is connected to the first circulating pump 10, and the first circulating pump 10 is connected to the high-temperature heat source 1.

[0032] Meanwhile, the first heat extraction system also includes a first isolation valve 16, a second isolation valve 17, and a third isolation valve 18; the first isolation valve 16 is located between the high-temperature heat source 1 and the first heat storage heat exchanger 3, the second isolation valve 17 is located between the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 and the first circulating pump 10, and the third isolation valve 18 is located between the first circulating pump 10 and the high-temperature heat source 1.

[0033] The outlet of the high-temperature heat source 1 is connected to the inlet of the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 via the first isolation valve 16, the outlet of the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the first circulating pump 10 via the second isolation valve 17, and the outlet of the first circulating pump 10 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature heat source 1 via the third isolation valve 18.

[0034] The first circulation pump 10 is a high-temperature shielded pump to ensure reliability in a strong radiation environment. The first thermal storage heat exchanger 3 can be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and its design pressure and temperature must be matched with the primary loop parameters of the fusion reactor.

[0035] During fusion reactor operation, the control system issues commands to first slowly open the first isolation valve 16 and the second isolation valve 17 to establish a working fluid flow path, then start the first circulation pump 10, and finally open the third isolation valve 18. The thermal storage medium is heated to a high temperature in the high-temperature heat source 1, flows into the first thermal storage heat exchanger 3, transfers its heat to the thermal storage medium from the medium-temperature storage tank 8, and after its own temperature drops to a medium temperature, it returns to the high-temperature heat source 1 for reheating, forming a closed loop. When the fusion reactor is shut down, the reverse sequence is executed: first, the first circulation pump 10 is stopped, and then each isolation valve is closed sequentially to ensure safe system isolation.

[0036] The second heat extraction system includes a second high-temperature heat source 2 and a second circulation pump 11; the second high-temperature heat source 2 is connected to a second heat storage heat exchanger 4, the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 is connected to the second circulation pump 11, and the second circulation pump 11 is connected to the second high-temperature heat source 2.

[0037] Meanwhile, the second heat extraction system also includes a fourth isolation valve 19, a fifth isolation valve 20, and a sixth isolation valve 21. The fourth isolation valve 19 is located between the second high-temperature heat source 2 and the second heat storage heat exchanger 4. The fifth isolation valve 20 is located between the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 and the second circulating pump 11. The sixth isolation valve 21 is located between the second circulating pump 11 and the second high-temperature heat source 2.

[0038] That is, the outlet of the second high-temperature heat source 2 is connected to the inlet of the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 via the fourth isolation valve 19, the outlet of the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 is connected to the inlet of the second circulating pump 11 via the sixth isolation valve 21, and the outlet of the second circulating pump 11 is connected to the inlet of the second high-temperature heat source 2 via the fifth isolation valve 20. When the fusion reactor is running, the second circulation pump 11 starts, and the fourth isolation valve 19, the fifth isolation valve 20 and the sixth isolation valve 21 open. The circulating working fluid absorbs heat in the second high-temperature heat source 2 and then flows into the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 to release heat, and then returns to the second high-temperature heat source 2. When the fusion reactor stops, the second circulation pump 11 stops, all isolation valves close, and the circulation is interrupted.

[0039] The second heat storage heat exchanger 4 can also be a shell-and-tube heat exchanger resistant to high temperature and high pressure. Its start-up, operation, and shutdown procedures are similar to those of the first heat extraction system, but are independently controlled. The heat storage medium is heated in the high-temperature heat source 2, and returns after releasing heat in the second heat storage heat exchanger 4.

[0040] The fusion reactor heat extraction system is responsible for extracting thermal energy from the high-temperature heat source 1 and high-temperature heat source 2 of the fusion reactor; the three-tank thermal storage system is used for energy storage, regulation and release; and the thermoelectric conversion system receives thermal energy and generates electricity through the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6.

[0041] The high-temperature heat source 1 can specifically be the blanket of the fusion reactor, such as the first wall or the breeding zone, while the high-temperature heat source 2 can be the blanket of the fusion reactor or a divertor. The circulating working fluid can be selected from helium, supercritical carbon dioxide, water, or liquid metal, depending on the operating temperature. This design allows the system to flexibly adapt to heat sources with different temperature characteristics and power pulses.

[0042] In some optional embodiments, the first and second heat extraction systems are respectively connected in series with a three-tank heat storage system. The three-tank heat storage system includes a first heat exchanger 5 and a second heat exchanger 6, a high-temperature storage tank 7, a medium-temperature storage tank 8, a low-temperature storage tank 9, a low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 12, a medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 13, and a high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 14. The low-temperature storage tank 9 is connected to the low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 12, and the low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 12 is connected to the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 in the second heat extraction system. The second heat exchanger 4 is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank 8. The medium-temperature storage tank 8 is connected to the medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 13. The medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 13 is connected to the first heat exchanger 3 in the first heat extraction system. The first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the high-temperature storage tank 7. The high-temperature storage tank 7 is connected to the high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 14. The high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 14 is connected to the first heat exchanger 5. The first heat exchanger 5 is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank 8 and the second heat exchanger 6. The second heat exchanger 6 is connected to the low-temperature storage tank 9.

[0043] A seventh isolation valve 22 is provided between the cryogenic storage tank 9 and the cryogenic heat storage working fluid pump 12, an eighth isolation valve 23 is provided between the cryogenic heat storage working fluid pump 12 and the second heat storage heat exchanger 4, and a ninth isolation valve 24 is provided between the second heat storage heat exchanger 4 and the medium-temperature storage tank 8.

[0044] A tenth isolation valve 25 is provided between the intermediate temperature storage tank 8 and the intermediate temperature heat storage working fluid pump 13, an eleventh isolation valve 26 is provided between the intermediate temperature heat storage working fluid pump 13 and the first heat storage heat exchanger 3, and a twelfth isolation valve 27 is provided between the first heat storage heat exchanger 3 and the high temperature storage tank 7.

[0045] A thirteenth isolation valve 28 is provided between the high-temperature storage tank 7 and the high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump 14, and a fourteenth isolation valve 29 is provided between the high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump 14 and the first heat exchanger 5. The outlet of the first heat exchanger 5 is connected to a three-way valve 15. One path of the three-way valve 15 is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank 8, and the other path is connected to the second heat exchanger 6. A fifteenth isolation valve 30 is provided between the second heat exchanger 6 and the low-temperature storage tank 9.

[0046] During fusion reactor operation, the cryogenic thermal storage working fluid pump 12, the intermediate-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump 13, and the high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump 14 are all activated. The seventh isolation valve 22, the eighth isolation valve 23, the ninth isolation valve 24, the tenth isolation valve 25, the eleventh isolation valve 26, the twelfth isolation valve 27, the thirteenth isolation valve 28, the fourteenth isolation valve 29, the fifteenth isolation valve 30, and the first three-way valve 15 are all opened. The cryogenic thermal storage working fluid from the cryogenic storage tank 9 is heated by the second thermal storage heat exchanger 4 and enters the intermediate-temperature storage tank 8. After mixing with the working fluid in the tank, it is pumped by the intermediate-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump 13 into the first thermal storage heat exchanger 3 for reheating. Part of it is stored in the high-temperature storage tank 7, and the other part is sent by the high-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump 14 to the first heat exchanger 5 to release heat. Then, it is diverted by the first three-way valve 15. Part of it returns to the intermediate-temperature storage tank 8, and the other part is further cooled by the second heat exchanger 6 and then returned to the cryogenic storage tank 9. During the fusion reactor shutdown, the low-temperature thermal storage medium pump 12 and the medium-temperature thermal storage medium pump 13 are shut down, and the seventh isolation valve 22, the eighth isolation valve 23, the ninth isolation valve 24, the tenth isolation valve 25, the eleventh isolation valve 26, and the twelfth isolation valve 27 are closed, ceasing the replenishment of heat to the medium-temperature storage tank 8 and the high-temperature storage tank 7; the high-temperature thermal storage medium pump 14 continues to operate, pumping the thermal storage medium in the high-temperature storage tank 7 to the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 for heat release, in order to maintain the stable operation of the thermoelectric conversion system; The high-temperature storage tank 7, the medium-temperature storage tank 8, and the low-temperature storage tank 9 are all vertical cylindrical pressure vessels lined with insulating material. The working fluid temperature and effective volume ratio of each tank can be precisely designed according to the pulse cycle of the fusion reactor.

[0047] The preferred thermal storage medium is a binary nitrate molten salt due to its high decomposition temperature and mature technology. The cryogenic pump 12, the medium-temperature thermal storage medium pump 13, and the high-temperature pump 14 can all be molten salt pumps. All isolation valves 16-30 are electrically operated shut-off valves or ball valves. The first three-way valve 15 is an electrically operated regulating valve used for precise control of the flow distribution ratio.

[0048] Low-temperature molten salt is pumped out from low-temperature storage tank 9, heated to medium temperature by the second heat exchanger 4, and mixed with molten salt in medium-temperature storage tank 8. Subsequently, the molten salt in medium-temperature storage tank 8 is pumped out and further heated to high temperature by the first heat exchanger 3.

[0049] After the high-temperature molten salt flows out of the first heat exchanger 3, a portion of it enters the high-temperature storage tank 7 for storage, completing the heat charging process.

[0050] The other portion does not enter the high-temperature tank; instead, it is directly drawn from the pipeline by the high-temperature pump 14 and sent to the first heat exchanger 5 to release heat to the thermoelectric conversion system. After heat release, the temperature drops to the intermediate temperature.

[0051] The medium-temperature working fluid is precisely diverted via the first three-way valve 15. Part of it returns directly to the medium-temperature storage tank 8 to maintain its temperature stability; the other part enters the second heat exchanger 6 for further cooling to a low temperature before returning to the low-temperature storage tank 9.

[0052] After the fusion reactor shutdown signal is issued, the seventh isolation valve 22, the eighth isolation valve 23, the ninth isolation valve 24, the tenth isolation valve 25, the eleventh isolation valve 26, and the twelfth isolation valve 27 are closed, the cryogenic pump 12 and the medium-temperature thermal storage working fluid pump 13 are shut down, and the thermal charging process is completely stopped.

[0053] At this time, the high-temperature thermal storage pump 14 continues to operate, but its thermal storage medium source is now entirely drawn from the high-temperature storage tank 7. The high-temperature molten salt stored in the tank is pumped out and flows sequentially through the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6, transferring heat to the thermoelectric conversion system to the maximum extent possible. After cooling down, it returns to the low-temperature storage tank 9. By adjusting the speed of the high-temperature pump 14, the heat release power can be precisely controlled, achieving stable power generation.

[0054] The heat release side design of the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 allows the system to select the optimal power generation method based on the characteristics of the heat source. For example, when the heat source temperature is high, a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle can be connected to pursue high efficiency; when the heat source temperature is low, a steam Rankine cycle can be connected. This configuration maximizes energy utilization efficiency and reduces the difficulty of system integration. Examples of the above two power generation methods will be provided below: Example 1 is an independent dual-loop system: the first heat exchanger 5 is connected to a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle system, which uses a high-temperature heat source to achieve high-efficiency power generation; the second heat exchanger 6 is connected to a steam Rankine cycle system, which uses a medium-low temperature heat source to generate electricity. The two systems are completely independent and operate flexibly.

[0055] Example 2 is a series single loop: the same set of supercritical carbon dioxide working fluid first enters the second heat exchanger 6 to be preheated, then enters the first heat exchanger 5 to be heated to the design temperature, and then enters the turbine to do work.

[0056] The three-tank thermal storage system adopts a decoupled operation mode, which enables the supply of a stable flow rate, temperature and thermal power of the thermal storage medium to the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 during both operation and shutdown of the fusion reactor, thereby ensuring the continuity and stability of the thermoelectric conversion system.

[0057] The heat absorption sides of the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 can be flexibly adapted to the thermoelectric conversion system: the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 are respectively connected to a thermoelectric conversion device to form two independent power generation circuits; or the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 are connected to the same thermoelectric conversion device, so that the working fluid 2 of the second loop flows through the first heat exchanger 5 for heating, and the working fluid 1 of the second loop flows through the second heat exchanger 6 for heating, thereby realizing two-stage heating.

[0058] The operating mode of this multi-heat-source, three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device is as follows: During the operation of the fusion reactor, the thermal storage system initiates the charging and releasing process. The low-temperature thermal storage medium is pumped by pump 12 to the second thermal storage heat exchanger 4 for heating and then stored in the medium-temperature storage tank 8. The medium-temperature storage tank 8 is pumped to the first thermal storage heat exchanger 3 for further heating. Part of it is stored in the high-temperature storage tank 7, and the other part is pumped by the high-temperature thermal storage medium pump 14 to the first heat exchanger 5 for heat release. The released working medium is diverted through the first three-way valve 15. Part of it returns to the medium-temperature storage tank 8, and the other part returns to the low-temperature storage tank 9 after heat exchange through the second heat exchanger 6. During the fusion reactor shutdown, the heat extraction and storage systems, specifically the low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 12 and the medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump 13, cease operation, stopping the reheating of the medium-temperature storage tank 8 and the high-temperature storage tank 7. Meanwhile, the high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump continues to operate, pumping the working fluid stored in the high-temperature storage tank 7 out and releasing heat through the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 6 in sequence, thus maintaining the stable operation of the thermoelectric conversion system.

[0059] The present invention also provides a multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion system, including a multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device.

[0060] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A multi-heat-source, three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device, characterized in that, include: First heat extraction system, second heat extraction system, and three-tank heat storage system; The first heat extraction system and the second heat extraction system are connected in series with the three-tank heat storage system. The three-tank heat storage system includes a first heat exchanger (5) and a second heat exchanger (6), a high-temperature storage tank (7), a medium-temperature storage tank (8), a low-temperature storage tank (9), a low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (12), a medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (13), and a high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (14). The low-temperature storage tank (9) is connected to the low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (12), the low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (12) is connected to the second heat storage heat exchanger (4) in the second heat extraction system, the second heat storage heat exchanger (4) is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank (8), the medium-temperature storage tank (8) is connected to the medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (13), the medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (13) is connected to the first heat storage heat exchanger (3) in the first heat extraction system, the first heat storage heat exchanger (3) is connected to the high-temperature storage tank (7), the high-temperature storage tank (7) is connected to the high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (14), the high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (14) is connected to the first heat exchanger (5), the first heat exchanger (5) is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank (8) and the second heat exchanger (6), and the second heat exchanger (6) is connected to the low-temperature storage tank (9).

2. The multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: A seventh isolation valve (22) is provided between the low-temperature storage tank (9) and the low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (12), an eighth isolation valve (23) is provided between the low-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (12) and the second heat storage heat exchanger (4), and a ninth isolation valve (24) is provided between the second heat storage heat exchanger (4) and the medium-temperature storage tank (8).

3. The multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A tenth isolation valve (25) is provided between the medium-temperature storage tank (8) and the medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (13), an eleventh isolation valve (26) is provided between the medium-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (13) and the first heat storage heat exchanger (3), and a twelfth isolation valve (27) is provided between the first heat storage heat exchanger (3) and the high-temperature storage tank (7).

4. The multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A thirteenth isolation valve (28) is provided between the high-temperature storage tank (7) and the high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (14), and a fourteenth isolation valve (29) is provided between the high-temperature heat storage working fluid pump (14) and the first heat exchanger (5). The outlet of the first heat exchanger (5) is connected to a three-way valve (15). One of the three-way valves (15) is connected to the medium-temperature storage tank (8), and the other is connected to the second heat exchanger (6). A fifteenth isolation valve (30) is provided between the second heat exchanger (6) and the low-temperature storage tank (9).

5. A multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (6) are respectively connected to a thermoelectric conversion device to form two independent power generation circuits; or the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (6) are connected to the same thermoelectric conversion device, so that the working fluid of the two circuits flows through the first heat exchanger (5) and the second heat exchanger (6) in sequence for two-stage heating.

6. The multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first heat extraction system includes a high-temperature heat source (1) and a first circulating pump (10); the high-temperature heat source (1) is connected to a first heat storage heat exchanger (3), the first heat storage heat exchanger (3) is connected to the first circulating pump (10), and the first circulating pump (10) is connected to the high-temperature heat source (1).

7. The multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first heat extraction system also includes a first isolation valve (16), a second isolation valve (17), and a third isolation valve (18); the first isolation valve (16) is located between the high-temperature heat source (1) and the first heat storage heat exchanger (3), the second isolation valve (17) is located between the first heat storage heat exchanger (3) and the first circulating pump (10), and the third isolation valve (18) is located between the first circulating pump (10) and the high-temperature heat source (1).

8. The multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second heat extraction system includes a second high-temperature heat source (2) and a second circulation pump (11); the second high-temperature heat source (2) is connected to a second heat storage heat exchanger (4), the second heat storage heat exchanger (4) is connected to a second circulation pump (11), and the second circulation pump (11) is connected to the second high-temperature heat source (2).

9. The multi-heat-source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second heat extraction system also includes a fourth isolation valve (19), a fifth isolation valve (20), and a sixth isolation valve (21). The fourth isolation valve (19) is located between the second high-temperature heat source (2) and the second heat storage heat exchanger (4). The fifth isolation valve (20) is located between the second heat storage heat exchanger (4) and the second circulating pump (11). The sixth isolation valve (21) is located between the second circulating pump (11) and the second high-temperature heat source (2).

10. A multi-heat-source, three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor energy conversion system, characterized in that, The energy conversion device for a multi-heat source three-tank thermal storage fusion reactor, as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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