Automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of optical cable laying, and particularly discloses an automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering, which comprises a chassis, the head of the chassis is detachably connected with a headstock and synchronously moves along with the headstock, the top of the chassis is fixedly connected with two support frames, a tension adjusting structure and a static guide frame, and a cable coil is rotatably mounted between the two support frames; an inner core shaft of the wire coil is connected with a tension adjusting structure for detecting the tension of the optical cable in real time; a guide rail is fixedly connected between the two supporting frames, a lateral wire guiding mechanism released along with an optical cable is slidably arranged on the lower side of the guide rail, the guide rail is parallelly provided with an active fine adjustment mechanism controlling the lateral wire guiding mechanism to linearly move, and a static guide frame is fixedly connected to the portion, close to the tail, of the chassis. The problem that the device deviates from the preset path is corrected in real time, manual frequent intervention and adjustment are not needed, the labor intensity of constructors is greatly reduced, touch friction to the optical cable in the manual adjustment process is avoided, and the service life of the optical cable is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical cable laying technology, and more specifically to an automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering. Background Technology

[0002] In communication engineering construction, optical cables are the core carriers of signal transmission. The quality of their laying directly determines the stability and service life of the communication link. Optical cables themselves have the characteristics of low tensile strength, poor bending resistance, and easy wear of the outer sheath. Therefore, the requirements for tension control and path guidance accuracy during the laying process are strict, and the quality of their laying directly affects the transmission stability of communication signals.

[0003] Patent CN114236729B discloses an automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering, including an H-shaped base frame. Diagonal rods are fixedly connected to both ends of the top of the H-shaped base frame, and mounting blocks are fixedly connected to the tops of adjacent diagonal rods. Each mounting block has a central insertion hole. A drive shaft is connected to the inner wall of one insertion hole via a bearing. A second baffle is fixedly connected to one end of the drive shaft, and a rotating rod is fixedly connected to one end of the second baffle. A unwinding reel is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating rod. Equally spaced, ring-shaped toothed blocks are fixedly connected to one side of the second baffle. This invention drives the unwinding reel to unwind within the guide sleeve and the guide trough, enabling the entire optical cable laying device for communication engineering to perform automatic laying operations. A second motor drives a pressure wheel to rotate, which, in conjunction with the unwinding operation of the unwinding reel, drives the optical cable body on the guide trough to move, significantly improving the automatic unwinding efficiency of the entire laying device.

[0004] Currently, optical cable laying mainly adopts manual traction or simple mechanical assistance. During manual traction, the tension depends entirely on the operator's experience, which can easily lead to problems such as excessive tension causing fiber core breakage, or insufficient tension causing the optical cable to slack, twist, or stack. The lateral tension generated when the optical cable is released can easily push the device off the preset path, requiring frequent manual adjustment of the device position. This not only increases the labor intensity of construction workers but also reduces laying efficiency. Furthermore, the adjustment process can easily cause wear on the optical cable sheath. Therefore, we propose an automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering to solve the problems existing in the background art.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering, comprising a chassis, the head of which is detachably connected to the front of the vehicle and moves synchronously with the front of the vehicle; two support frames, a tension adjustment structure, and a static guide frame are fixedly connected to the top; a cable reel is rotatably mounted between the two support frames; the inner core shaft of the cable reel is connected to the tension adjustment structure for real-time detection of the optical cable tension; a guide rail is fixedly connected between the two support frames; a lateral conductor mechanism that follows the release of the optical cable is slidably arranged on the lower side of the guide rail; an active fine-tuning mechanism that controls the linear movement of the lateral conductor mechanism is arranged parallel to the guide rail; a static guide frame is fixedly connected near the rear of the chassis; several fourth guide wheels and limit rings are installed on the static guide frame; and a controller is also included, which is electrically connected to the active fine-tuning mechanism and the tension adjustment structure respectively; the controller can automatically adjust the release torque of the cable reel to stabilize the optical cable tension according to the signal fed back by the tension adjustment structure, and drive the active fine-tuning mechanism to move the lateral conductor mechanism to correct the release position of the optical cable.

[0007] Furthermore, the lateral conductor mechanism includes a follower conductor frame, a first guide wheel, a second guide wheel, a third guide wheel, and a roller. The first guide wheel, the second guide wheel, and the third guide wheel are rotatably connected to the lower side of the follower conductor frame. The first guide wheel and the second guide wheel are installed in a direction parallel to the spool. The third guide wheel is located above the second guide wheel and rotates in a direction perpendicular to the spool. The roller is installed on the top of the follower conductor frame and is fixedly connected to the guide rail.

[0008] Furthermore, the active fine-tuning mechanism includes a slide rail, a ball screw, a servo motor, and a slide block. The slide rail is fixed parallel to the guide rail between two support frames. The ball screw is rotatably installed inside the slide rail, with one end connected to the output end of the servo motor. The bottom of the slide block is threadedly engaged with the ball screw through a screw sleeve, and the top of the slide block is fixedly connected to the follower guide frame through a reinforcing plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the tension adjustment structure includes a spool magnetic powder brake, a coupling, and a tension sensor. The spool magnetic powder brake is fixedly connected to the upper side of the chassis. The inner core shaft of the spool is connected to the spool magnetic powder brake via the coupling. The tension sensor is mounted on the side of the stationary guide frame and is connected to one of the fourth guide wheels. Both the tension sensor and the spool magnetic powder brake are electrically connected to the controller. Based on the difference between the actual tension fed back by the tension sensor and the preset tension, the braking force of the spool magnetic powder brake can be automatically adjusted to keep the tension released by the optical cable stable within the preset range.

[0010] Furthermore, the coil also includes a detachable bushing, which is fitted on the outside of the inner spindle. The inner spindle is rotatably connected to the support frame via a bearing. The coupling is keyed to the output ends of the inner spindle and the magnetic powder brake.

[0011] Furthermore, casters are installed at the four corners of the chassis bottom, and a rechargeable lithium battery is installed on the upper side of the chassis. The battery is electrically connected to the controller.

[0012] Furthermore, a counterweight ball is installed at the center of gravity inside the follower conductor frame, and the counterweight ball is fixedly connected to the follower conductor frame by a steel wire rope.

[0013] Furthermore, a baffle is detachably installed at the head of the chassis, and a fifth guide wheel is installed on the side of the support frame near the stationary guide frame. The optical cable moves along a preset path by passing around the first guide wheel, the second guide wheel, the third guide wheel, the fifth guide wheel and the fourth guide wheel in sequence.

[0014] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0015] 1. This invention, by incorporating a lateral guide mechanism and an active fine-tuning mechanism, facilitates the construction of an integrated protection system that combines "precise path correction and stable guidance buffering," achieving a synergistic effect of multiple technological advantages. The servo motor drives the ball screw, which in turn drives the lateral guide mechanism to perform high-precision translational fine-tuning along the guide rail. This automatically counteracts the lateral tension generated during optical cable release and corrects the device's deviation from the preset path in real time. Frequent manual intervention is unnecessary, significantly reducing the labor intensity of construction workers, avoiding contact and friction with the optical cable during manual adjustments, reducing the risk of surface wear, and saving the time cost of manual correction. This significantly improves laying efficiency. When the optical cable laying and traction speeds are not synchronized, the invention can quickly compensate for the cable's excess capacity, alleviating fatigue damage caused by instantaneous tension differences and extending the cable's service life.

[0016] 2. This invention, by incorporating a tension adjustment structure, facilitates real-time acquisition of dynamic tension signals during optical cable laying. The controller, based on the tensile strength parameters of the optical cable, performs difference calculations, proportional amplification, integral compensation, and differential prediction on the actual tension fed back by the tension sensor and the preset value, dynamically outputting precise control commands. Furthermore, by adjusting the excitation current of the tension adjustment structure, stepless and smooth adjustment of the braking force is achieved, ensuring real-time matching between the unwinding resistance of the cable reel and the traction force of the optical cable. Ultimately, the laying tension of the optical cable is stabilized within the preset range, with tension fluctuations within a safe range. This completely eliminates the constraints of manual experience in tension control, fundamentally preventing irreversible damage such as fiber core breakage and sheath tearing caused by excessive tension, as well as problems such as cable slack stacking and path deviation caused by insufficient tension. It also significantly improves the consistency and stability of optical cable laying, reduces the rework rate caused by abnormal tension, and reduces the labor costs of manual monitoring and adjustment, indirectly improving overall laying efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the guide rail and the lateral guide wire mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral guide wire mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the optical cable release route of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the coil mounting structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the static guide frame structure of the present invention.

[0024] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Chassis; 101. Baffle; 2. Head; 3. Support frame; 4. Wire reel; 401. Inner spindle; 402. Bushing; 5. Guide rail; 6. Lateral wire guiding mechanism; 601. Follow-up wire guide frame; 602. First guide wheel; 603. Second guide wheel; 604. Third guide wheel; 605. Roller; 7. Active fine-tuning mechanism; 701. Slide rail; 702. Ball screw; 703. Servo motor; 704. Slide seat; 705. Screw sleeve; 706. Reinforcing plate; 8. Tension adjustment structure; 801. Reel magnetic powder brake; 802. Coupling; 803. Tension sensor; 9. Static guide frame; 901. Fourth guide wheel; 902. Limiting ring; 10. Fifth guide wheel; 11. Counterweight ball; 12. Battery. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering involved in the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2This invention provides an automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering, including a chassis 1. The head of the chassis 1 is detachably connected to the front of the vehicle 2 and moves synchronously with the front of the vehicle 2. Two support frames 3, a tension adjustment structure 8, and a static guide frame 9 are fixedly connected to the top. A cable reel 4 is rotatably mounted between the two support frames 3. The tension adjustment structure 8 for real-time detection of optical cable tension is connected to the inner core shaft 401 of the cable reel 4. A guide rail 5 is fixedly connected between the two support frames 3. A lateral conductor mechanism 6 that follows the release of the optical cable is slidably arranged on the lower side of the guide rail 5. An active fine-tuning mechanism 7 that controls the linear movement of the lateral conductor mechanism 6 is arranged parallel to the guide rail 5. A static guide frame 9 is fixedly connected near the rear of the chassis 1. Several fourth guide wheels 901 and a limiting ring 902 are installed on the static guide frame 9. The device also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the active fine-tuning mechanism 7 and the tension adjustment structure 8 respectively. The controller can automatically adjust the release torque of the cable reel 4 to stabilize the optical cable tension according to the signal fed back by the tension adjustment structure 8, and drive the active fine-tuning mechanism 7 to move the lateral conductor mechanism 6 to correct the release position of the optical cable.

[0027] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the chassis 1 and the cab 2 are detachably connected, facilitating flexible assembly or disassembly for transportation according to the construction scenario. They are fixed by a towing pin or quick-release buckle to ensure synchronization and stability during movement. The cab 2 can be adapted to different models of towing equipment. Two support frames 3 are symmetrically distributed on the top of the chassis 1, their height matching the diameter of the coil 4. Bearing seats are provided on the inner side of the support frames 3. The inner spindle 401 of the coil 4 rotates between its two ends through bearings and bearing seats, reducing the coil's rotational stress. 4. Frictional resistance during rotation ensures smooth fiber optic cable release; the guide rail 5 is an I-beam structure, and the roller 605 of the lateral conductor mechanism 6 engages between the upper and lower flanges of the guide rail 5, forming a bidirectional limit to prevent derailment or offset during the movement of the lateral conductor mechanism 6. The roller 605 is made of bearing steel and has undergone hardening treatment to improve wear resistance; the connection between the power output end of the active fine-tuning mechanism 7 and the lateral conductor mechanism 6 is rigidly fixed, specifically by bolting the reinforcing plate 706 to the follower conductor frame 601 to ensure the servo motor When the ball screw 702 rotates, the slide 704 can drive the lateral conductor mechanism 6 to achieve backlash-free translation, with an adjustment response accuracy of ±0.01mm; the number of fourth guide wheels 901 on the static guide frame 9 is 2-4, arranged at equal intervals along the optical cable release direction. The limiting ring 902 and the fourth guide wheel 901 are integrally injection molded structures made of wear-resistant nylon, which not only avoids scratching the optical cable sheath but also limits the lateral movement of the optical cable in the wheel groove to no more than 0.3mm; the controller has a built-in core control. The module can use an STM32 series microcontroller or PLC controller. It is connected to the active fine-tuning mechanism 7 and the tension adjustment structure 8, which can realize closed-loop control of tension signal acquisition, data processing and command output. The release torque adjustment of the coil 4 is realized by the change of braking force of the tension adjustment structure 8. The controller adjusts the excitation current of the reel magnetic powder brake 801 according to the difference between the actual tension fed by the tension sensor 803 and the preset tension, thereby changing the braking torque and controlling the tension fluctuation range of the optical cable within ±5N.

[0028] The main difference between this embodiment and the prior art lies in the integrated design of tension closed-loop control and active path fine-tuning buffer. Specifically, the lateral guide mechanism 6 and the active fine-tuning mechanism 7 are designed collaboratively to construct an integrated protection system of "precise path correction and stable guidance buffer," achieving the superposition and synergistic effect of multiple technical advantages. On the one hand, relying on the servo motor 703 to drive the ball screw 702, the lateral guide mechanism 6 is driven to perform high-precision translational fine-tuning along the guide rail 5, which can automatically offset the lateral tension generated when the optical cable is released and correct the problem of the device deviating from the preset path in real time. There is no need for frequent manual intervention and adjustment, which not only greatly reduces the labor intensity of construction personnel and avoids contact and friction with the optical cable during manual adjustment, reducing the risk of surface wear, but also saves the time cost of manual correction and significantly improves laying efficiency. On the other hand, through the first guide wheel 602 and the second The multi-stage guiding path composed of guide wheel 603, third guide wheel 604, fourth guide wheel 901, and fifth guide wheel 10, combined with the wear-resistant rubber layer on the inner wall of each wheel groove, can form a full-round wrapping guide for the optical cable, restricting the lateral movement and longitudinal bending of the optical cable, and effectively avoiding problems such as twisting and breakage during the laying process. This collaborative design works simultaneously from three dimensions: path accuracy, guiding stability, and buffer compensation. It not only ensures the accuracy of the optical cable laying path and the structural integrity, but also improves construction efficiency, reduces labor costs and optical cable loss rate, and comprehensively optimizes the overall quality and economy of optical cable laying.

[0029] Secondly, through the linkage design of the magnetic powder brake 801 and the coupling 802, the dynamic tension signal during the optical cable laying process is collected in real time. The controller can perform difference calculation, proportional amplification, integral compensation and differential prediction on the actual tension fed back by the tension sensor 803 and the preset value according to the tensile strength parameters of the optical cable, and dynamically output precise control commands. Then, by adjusting the excitation current of the tension adjustment structure 8, the stepless smooth adjustment of the braking force is achieved, so that the unwinding resistance of the coil 4 and the traction force of the optical cable are matched in real time. Finally, the tension of the optical cable laying is stabilized within the preset range and within the safe range of tension fluctuation. This completely gets rid of the constraints of manual experience on tension control. It not only avoids irreversible damage such as fiber core breakage and sheath tearing caused by excessive tension, as well as problems such as optical cable slack stacking and path deviation caused by insufficient tension, but also significantly improves the consistency and stability of optical cable laying, reduces the construction rework rate caused by abnormal tension, and reduces the labor cost of manual monitoring and adjustment, thereby indirectly improving the overall laying efficiency.

[0030] The above structure is the main structure of this embodiment, which solves the problems of optical cable laying tension control relying on manual experience, path deviation due to lateral tension, easy wear of optical cable sheath, and lack of effective buffer cable storage structure. The controller's basic power supply circuit, the conventional installation method of bearings, etc. are existing structures. The specific structure and connection method of the controller's basic circuit topology and the conventional matching method of bearings and shaft components are not described in detail in this embodiment. In addition, the installation standards for electrical components are also existing technology. Therefore, this application does not make detailed limitations.

[0031] Reference Figures 3-4 The lateral conductor mechanism 6 includes a follower conductor frame 601, a first guide wheel 602, a second guide wheel 603, a third guide wheel 604, and a roller 605. The first guide wheel 602, the second guide wheel 603, and the third guide wheel 604 are rotatably connected to the lower side of the follower conductor frame 601 in sequence. The first guide wheel 602 and the second guide wheel 603 are installed in a direction parallel to the wire spool 4. The third guide wheel 604 is located above the second guide wheel 603 and rotates in a direction perpendicular to the wire spool 4. The roller 605 is installed on the top of the follower conductor frame 601 and is fixedly connected to the guide rail 5.

[0032] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the follower guide frame 601 is an integrated frame structure, formed by processing high-strength aluminum alloy profiles, combining structural strength and lightweight characteristics. Its dimensions are adapted to the guide rail 5 to ensure stability during sliding. The lower side of the follower guide frame 601 is rotatably connected to the first guide wheel 602, the second guide wheel 603, and the third guide wheel 604 via bearing seats. The rotation axes of the first guide wheel 602 and the second guide wheel 603 are parallel to the axis of the inner core shaft 401 of the cable reel 4. The two are arranged back and forth along the optical cable release direction to form a transverse guide channel, which can limit the horizontal movement of the optical cable and ensure that the optical cable is transmitted along a preset transverse path after being released from the cable reel 4, avoiding left and right deviation. The installation position of the third guide wheel 604 is higher than that of the second guide wheel 603. Its rotation axis is perpendicular to the axis of the inner core shaft 401 of the wire spool 4, forming a longitudinal steering guide structure. This structure can change the direction of the optical cable after passing through the first guide wheel 602 and the second guide wheel 603, allowing the optical cable to smoothly transition to the direction of the subsequent static guide frame 9. This forms an "S"-shaped guide path and enhances the tension stability of the optical cable. The rollers 605 are mounted on the top of the follower conductor frame 601 via a rotating shaft. There are 2 to 4 rollers 605, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the follower conductor frame 601, to ensure the stable engagement of the follower conductor frame 601 with the guide rail 5. The rollers 605 are made of polyurethane, which has good wear resistance and cushioning performance. This reduces friction noise during sliding and improves the smoothness of the follower conductor frame 601 moving along the guide rail 5. This, combined with the active fine-tuning mechanism 7, enables high-precision translation.

[0033] Reference Figures 2-4The active fine-tuning mechanism 7 includes a slide rail 701, a ball screw 702, a servo motor 703, and a slide block 704. The slide rail 701 is fixed parallel to the guide rail 5 between two support frames 3. The ball screw 702 is rotatably installed inside the slide rail 701, and one end of it is connected to the output end of the servo motor 703. The bottom of the slide block 704 is threadedly engaged with the ball screw 702 through a screw sleeve 705. The top of the slide block 704 is fixedly connected to the follower guide frame 601 through a reinforcing plate 706.

[0034] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the slide rail 701 adopts the same I-beam structure as the guide rail 5, and the slide rail 701 is fixed between the two support frames 3 by high-strength bolts, forming a symmetrical double-rail support structure with the guide rail 5, ensuring the force balance and stability when the lateral guide mechanism 6 moves, and avoiding tilting or jamming.

[0035] The ball screw 702 is made of high-precision cold-rolled ball screw, which has excellent wear resistance and transmission efficiency. Both ends of the ball screw 702 are rotatably mounted in bearing seats inside the slide rail 701 via angular contact ball bearings. The bearing seats have built-in dustproof seals to prevent dust and debris from entering during construction, ensuring the rotational flexibility and service life of the ball screw 702. The servo motor 703 is a stepper servo motor with a reducer, which is fixed to the outside of one of the support frames 3. The motor output shaft is connected to one end of the ball screw 702 via a flexible coupling. The flexible coupling can compensate for coaxiality errors during installation, reduce impact loads during motor start-up and braking, and protect the ball screw 702 and the motor output shaft. The slide 704 is an integrated forged structure. Made of 45# steel, the lead screw sleeve 705 at the bottom of the slide 704 has a pre-tightened nut structure with a built-in bidirectional thrust bearing, which can effectively eliminate the transmission gap between the ball screw 702 and the lead screw sleeve 705, ensuring no idle stroke during reverse movement and improving the accuracy of position adjustment; the mounting bolt connection of the slide 704 is equipped with anti-loosening washers to prevent long-term vibration from causing loosening of the connection and ensure the reliability of power transmission; driven by the servo motor 703, it can drive the lateral guide wire mechanism 6 to achieve stepless speed regulation translation of 0-50mm / s, with a positioning accuracy of ±0.01mm. It can quickly respond to the correction command of the controller, accurately compensate for the path deviation caused by the lateral tension of the optical cable, and ensure that the straightness error of the optical cable laying does not exceed 0.5mm / m.

[0036] Reference Figures 6-7The tension adjustment structure 8 includes a reel magnetic powder brake 801, a coupling 802, and a tension sensor 803. The reel magnetic powder brake 801 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the chassis 1. The inner core shaft 401 of the reel 4 is connected to the reel magnetic powder brake 801 via the coupling 802. The tension sensor 803 is mounted on the side of the static guide frame 9 and is connected to one of the fourth guide wheels 901. Both the tension sensor 803 and the reel magnetic powder brake 801 are electrically connected to the controller. The braking force of the reel magnetic powder brake 801 can be automatically adjusted according to the difference between the actual tension fed back by the tension sensor 803 and the preset tension, so that the tension released by the optical cable is stabilized within the preset range.

[0037] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the tension adjustment structure 8 consists of a core transmission and detection unit composed of a reel magnetic powder brake 801, a coupling 802, and a tension sensor 803. The reel magnetic powder brake 801 is highly adapted to the inner core shaft 401 of the reel 4 to ensure coaxiality of power transmission. Its braking force adjustment range is 0-500N, supporting stepless smooth control to adapt to the tension requirements of different specifications of optical cables. The inner core shaft 401 of the reel 4 is connected to the output end of the reel magnetic powder brake 801 through the coupling 802. The shaft coupling 802 is a rigid coupling, and it is keyed to both the inner spindle 401 and the output end of the magnetic powder brake 801. The transmission clearance is less than 0.02mm, ensuring that the braking force is accurately and without delay transmitted to the reel 4, enabling real-time control of the unwinding speed. The tension sensor 803 is mounted on the side of the stationary guide frame 9 and rigidly fixed to it via a bracket. Its detection end is connected to the shaft of one of the fourth guide wheels 901, allowing direct acquisition of the torque signal when the fourth guide wheel 901 rotates, which is then converted into... The real-time tension detection accuracy of the optical cable can reach ±0.1N, with a detection frequency of 100Hz, enabling rapid capture of instantaneous tension fluctuations. The controller automatically calculates the adjustment amount based on the difference between the actual tension fed back by the tension sensor 803 and the preset tension. It changes the excitation current of the magnetic powder brake 801 on the reel by outputting pulse signals, thereby adjusting its braking force. When the actual tension is greater than the preset upper limit, the controller reduces the excitation current of the magnetic powder brake 801, reducing the braking force to decrease the unwinding resistance of the reel 4, thus lowering the optical cable tension. When the actual tension is less than the preset lower limit, the controller increases the excitation current, increasing the braking force to increase the unwinding resistance, thus raising the optical cable tension. Ultimately, the release tension of the optical cable is stabilized within the preset range, with tension fluctuations controlled within ±5N, avoiding damage to the optical cable caused by abnormal tension. A buffer pad made of elastic rubber is provided at the connection between the tension sensor 803 and the fourth guide wheel 901. This buffer pad can absorb vibration interference during the optical cable guiding process, preventing vibration from distorting the tension detection signal and ensuring the accuracy of tension control.

[0038] Reference Figure 6The reel 4 also includes a detachable bushing 402, which is fitted on the outside of the inner spindle 401. The inner spindle 401 is rotatably connected to the support frame 3 through a bearing. The coupling 802 is connected to the inner spindle 401 and the output end of the reel magnetic powder brake 801 by a key.

[0039] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the bushing 402 adopts a detachable design, and its inner diameter is transitionally fitted with the outer diameter of the inner core shaft 401. After assembly, the coaxiality error does not exceed 0.03mm, ensuring the stability of the coil 4 during rotation. When the optical cable needs to be replaced, the bushing 402 can be removed without disassembling the inner core shaft 401 as a whole, greatly improving the ease of operation. The surface of the inner core shaft 401 is heat-treated and chrome-plated for rust prevention, with a hardness of HRC28-32, possessing both sufficient strength and corrosion resistance, ensuring that it is not easily deformed or rusted during long-term use. The two ends of the coupling 802 are connected to the inner core shaft 401 and the output end of the reel magnetic powder brake 801 respectively by flat keys. The fit clearance between the keyway and the flat key is controlled between 0.01 and 0.03mm, ensuring the accuracy and stability of power transmission, without transmission lag, and able to withstand the braking torque output by the reel magnetic powder brake 801, avoiding deformation or breakage of the coupling due to long-term stress, and ensuring the reliability of tension adjustment.

[0040] Reference Figure 4 The chassis 1 is equipped with casters at the four corners of the bottom, and a battery 12 is installed on the upper side of the chassis 1. The battery 12 is a rechargeable lithium battery and is electrically connected to the controller.

[0041] In this embodiment, it should be specifically noted that: the casters installed at the four corners of the bottom of the chassis 1 are steerable and silent casters. The wheel body is made of wear-resistant rubber material, and the outer layer has anti-slip texture. This not only enhances the friction with the ground and prevents the device from slipping due to the traction force of the optical cable during construction, but also reduces noise during movement, making it suitable for complex outdoor construction environments; the battery 12 is a high-capacity rechargeable lithium battery with a rated voltage of 24V and a capacity of not less than 100Ah. It can provide continuous and stable power support for all electrical components such as the controller, servo motor 703, tension adjustment structure 8, and tension sensor 803. A single full charge can meet the continuous construction needs for 8-12 hours, making it suitable for long-distance optical cable laying scenarios.

[0042] Reference Figures 4-5 A counterweight ball 11 is installed at the center of gravity inside the follower conductor frame 601, and the counterweight ball 11 is fixedly connected to the follower conductor frame 601 by a steel wire rope. A baffle 101 is detachably installed at the head of the chassis 1, and a fifth guide wheel 10 is installed on the support frame 3 near the stationary guide frame 9. The optical cable moves along a preset path, passing sequentially around the first guide wheel 602, the second guide wheel 603, the third guide wheel 604, the fifth guide wheel 10, and the fourth guide wheel 901.

[0043] In this embodiment, it is important to note that: the counterweight ball 11 is installed at the center of gravity of the follower guide frame 601. This installation position is precisely calculated to ensure that the follower guide frame 601 maintains its center of gravity balance whether stationary or moving, preventing the guide wheel groove from not fitting tightly with the optical cable due to center of gravity shift, thus affecting the guiding accuracy. The diameter of the steel wire rope of the counterweight ball 11 is not less than 3mm, used to balance the center of gravity of the follower guide frame 601 and ensure that the guide wheel fits tightly with the optical cable. Both ends are fastened to the connecting seats of the counterweight ball 11 and the follower guide frame 601 using crimped joints. The connecting seats and the follower guide frame 601 are welded as a whole structure with a tensile strength of not less than 500N to prevent the steel wire rope from falling off or breaking during long-term use. The baffle 101 is connected by detachable bolts. The baffle 101 is formed by bending high-strength steel plate and the surface is treated with powder coating for rust prevention. Its size is adapted to the head contour of the chassis 1. The fifth guide wheel 10 is installed at the same height as the third guide wheel 604 to ensure the transmission of the optical cable between the guide wheels. The path transitions smoothly without obvious bends. The structure of the fifth guide wheel 10 is the same as that of the first guide wheel 602. The inner wall of the wheel groove is provided with a wear-resistant rubber layer, and the wheel groove specifications match the outer diameter of the optical cable, ensuring the stability and wear resistance of the optical cable during the guiding process. The preset transmission path of the optical cable is optimized and passes around the first guide wheel 602, the second guide wheel 603, the third guide wheel 604, the fifth guide wheel 10, and the fourth guide wheel 901 in sequence, forming a multi-level guiding trajectory: the first guide wheel 602 and the second guide wheel 603 restrict the lateral movement of the optical cable, the third guide wheel 604 realizes the direction change, the fifth guide wheel 10 receives the transition, and the third guide wheel 604, together with the limiting ring 902, finally calibrates the output direction. This path design ensures that the optical cable is always under tension and uniform force during transmission, which not only avoids the optical cable from twisting and creases, but also forms a buffer section through multi-level guidance, further improving tension stability. At the same time, it extends the contact length between the optical cable and the guide wheel, disperses pressure, and reduces local wear.

[0044] Working principle of the invention:

[0045] The main problem solved by this embodiment is that, through the coordinated design of "tension closed-loop control system, active path fine-tuning mechanism, and multi-level guide buffer structure", it solves the problems in the prior art where the tension of optical cable laying relies on manual experience control, resulting in low precision, easy fiber core breakage or optical cable slack stacking, lateral tension release of optical cable causing device path deviation requiring frequent manual adjustment, low efficiency and easy wear of optical cable sheath, and lack of effective buffer cable storage structure when laying and pulling speeds are not synchronized, leading to optical cable fatigue damage. At the same time, it realizes automated and precise control of optical cable laying, automatic path deviation correction, multi-dimensional anti-wear protection and short-distance margin compensation, comprehensively improving the quality and efficiency of optical cable laying.

[0046] The specific steps are as follows:

[0047] S1. Preliminary preparation and device assembly: Select an optical cable of suitable specifications, and install the coil 4 with the optical cable wound on between the two support frames 3 through the bearings at both ends to ensure that the coil 4 rotates flexibly without jamming; check the status of the universal wheels at the bottom of the chassis 1 to ensure that the steering is smooth and the braking function is normal, confirm that the power supply line is firmly connected without loosening, and then install the baffle 101 at the head of the chassis 1.

[0048] S2. Optical Cable Path Laying and Parameter Preset: According to the preset path, the optical cable is sequentially passed around the first guide wheel 602, the second guide wheel 603, and the third guide wheel 604 of the lateral conductor mechanism 6, and then through the fifth guide wheel 10 and the fourth guide wheel 901 of the static guide frame 9, ensuring that the optical cable is tightly fitted with the grooves of each guide wheel, and that the bending radius is not less than the minimum allowable bending radius of the optical cable; the relevant parameters of the optical cable to be laid are input through the controller, and the tension is preset within the range of 0-500N according to the tensile strength of the optical cable, which is adjustable. At the same time, the path correction accuracy threshold is set to ensure that the equipment response meets the construction requirements.

[0049] S3. Equipment debugging and status check: Start the controller, test whether the tension sensor 803 is working properly, confirm that it can provide real-time feedback of tension data, operate the controller to drive the servo motor 703, test whether the active fine-tuning mechanism 7 can drive the lateral conductor mechanism 6 to move smoothly along the guide rail 5, test the braking force adjustment function of the tension adjustment structure 8, change the excitation current through the controller, observe whether the unwinding resistance of the coil 4 changes smoothly, check whether the counterweight ball 11 is firmly connected, and whether the center of gravity of the follower conductor frame 601 is balanced and without tilting or offset.

[0050] S4. Formal Laying Operation: Start the locomotive 2 to move the chassis 1, which in turn moves the optical cable forward. The cable reel 4 is unwound synchronously under the tension of the optical cable. The controller receives the tension signal fed back by the tension sensor 803 in real time and dynamically adjusts the excitation current of the tension adjustment structure 8, thereby adjusting the braking force to keep the tension of the optical cable stable within the preset range. If the release of the optical cable generates lateral tension that causes the device to deviate, or if the tension sensor 803 detects uneven tension on both sides of the optical cable, the controller will drive the servo motor 703, which in turn drives the lateral conductor mechanism 6 to move and fine-tune along the guide rail 5 through the ball screw 702 to correct the path deviation and ensure that the optical cable is laid along the preset trajectory. The correction accuracy error does not exceed 0.5mm.

[0051] S5. Construction Completion and Equipment Storage: After the optical cable laying is completed, first stop the work of the vehicle head 2, then cut off the power supply of the equipment through the controller, loosen the fixing structure of the cable reel 4, disassemble and organize the remaining optical cable; unscrew the fixing bolts of the baffle 101, remove the baffle, clean the internal components of the chassis 1, remove dust and debris, check the wear of each component, add lubricating oil to the ball screw 702, bearings and other moving parts; release the universal wheel brake, move the device to the designated storage location, and take out the battery 12 for charging for subsequent use.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering, comprising a chassis (1), characterized in that: The chassis (1) head is detachably connected to the vehicle head (2) and moves synchronously with the vehicle head (2). The top is fixedly connected to two support frames (3), a tension adjustment structure (8), and a static guide frame (9). A cable reel (4) is rotatably installed between the two support frames (3). The inner core shaft (401) of the cable reel (4) is connected to the tension adjustment structure (8) for real-time detection of the optical cable tension. A guide rail (5) is fixedly connected between the two support frames (3). A lateral conductor mechanism (6) that follows the release of the optical cable is slidably arranged on the lower side of the guide rail (5). A control lateral guide is arranged parallel to the guide rail (5). The cable mechanism (6) includes an active fine-tuning mechanism (7) that moves linearly. A static guide frame (9) is fixedly connected to the chassis (1) near the tail. Several fourth guide wheels (901) and limit rings (902) are installed on the static guide frame (9). The cable mechanism also includes a controller, which is electrically connected to the active fine-tuning mechanism (7) and the tension adjustment structure (8). The controller can automatically adjust the release torque of the cable reel (4) according to the signal fed back by the tension adjustment structure (8) to stabilize the cable tension and drive the active fine-tuning mechanism (7) to move the lateral conductor mechanism (6) to correct the release position of the cable.

2. The automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral conductor mechanism (6) includes a follower conductor frame (601), a first guide wheel (602), a second guide wheel (603), a third guide wheel (604), and a roller (605). The first guide wheel (602), the second guide wheel (603), and the third guide wheel (604) are rotatably connected to the lower side of the follower conductor frame (601). The first guide wheel (602) and the second guide wheel (603) are installed in a direction parallel to the spool (4). The third guide wheel (604) is located above the second guide wheel (603) and rotates in a direction perpendicular to the spool (4). The roller (605) is installed on the top of the follower conductor frame (601) and is fixedly connected to the guide rail (5).

3. The automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: The active fine-tuning mechanism (7) includes a slide rail (701), a ball screw (702), a servo motor (703), and a slide block (704). The slide rail (701) and the guide rail (5) are fixed parallel between two support frames (3). The ball screw (702) is rotatably installed inside the slide rail (701), and one end of it is connected to the output end of the servo motor (703). The bottom of the slide block (704) is threadedly engaged with the ball screw (702) through a screw sleeve (705). The top of the slide block (704) is fixedly connected to the follower guide frame (601) through a reinforcing plate (706).

4. The automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The tension adjustment structure (8) includes a reel magnetic powder brake (801), a coupling (802), and a tension sensor (803). The reel magnetic powder brake (801) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the chassis (1). The inner spindle (401) of the reel (4) is connected to the reel magnetic powder brake (801) via the coupling (802). The tension sensor (803) is mounted on the side of the static guide frame (9) and is connected to one of the fourth guide wheels (901). Both the tension sensor (803) and the reel magnetic powder brake (801) are electrically connected to the controller. The braking force of the reel magnetic powder brake (801) can be automatically adjusted according to the difference between the actual tension fed back by the tension sensor (803) and the preset tension, so that the tension released by the optical cable is stable within the preset range.

5. The automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that: The coil (4) also includes a detachable bushing (402), which is sleeved on the outside of the inner spindle (401). The inner spindle (401) is rotatably connected to the support frame (3) through a bearing. The coupling (802) is connected to the output end of the inner spindle (401) and the magnetic powder brake (801) by a key.

6. The automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The chassis (1) is equipped with casters at the four corners of the bottom and a battery (12) is installed on the upper side of the chassis (1). The battery (12) is a rechargeable lithium battery and is electrically connected to the controller.

7. The automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: A counterweight ball (11) is installed at the center of gravity of the follower conductor frame (601), and the counterweight ball (11) is fixedly connected to the follower conductor frame (601) by a steel wire rope.

8. The automatic optical cable laying device for communication engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that: A baffle (101) is detachably installed at the head position of the chassis (1). A fifth guide wheel (10) is installed on the side of the support frame (3) near the static guide frame (9). The optical cable passes around the first guide wheel (602), the second guide wheel (603), the third guide wheel (604), the fifth guide wheel (10) and the fourth guide wheel (901) in sequence and moves along a preset path.

Images