Decorative surface three-dimensional typesetting and plate labeling system based on BIM under multi-specialty limitation

Abstract

The invention discloses a BIM (Building Information Modeling)-based decorative surface three-dimensional typesetting and plate marking method and system under multi-specialty limitation, and belongs to the technical field of building information systems. The method comprises the steps that a multi-specialty BIM model is imported, space conflict detection is carried out, and a multi-specialty limitation database is generated; performing automatic arrangement calculation in a three-dimensional space based on decorative surface material parameters and a limitation database to realize through seam typesetting and automatic collision avoidance; and automatically numbering the generated decorative plates, calculating three-dimensional space coordinates, writing annotation information into BIM attributes, and performing real-time linkage updating with the model. According to the method, the problems of difficulty in joint passing, low collision adjustment efficiency, plate positioning information loss and the like in three-dimensional typesetting of the decorative surface are solved, the design precision and the construction efficiency are improved, and meanwhile, a data basis is provided for digital construction and quality inspection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building information systems technology, specifically to a BIM-based three-dimensional layout and panel annotation system and method for decorative surfaces under multi-disciplinary constraints. Background Technology

[0002] Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has been widely applied in the architectural design, construction, and management stages. In interior decoration projects, the layout of decorative materials (such as tiles, stone, metal panels, and glass) for ceilings, floors, and walls is a crucial step in detailed design. Traditional layout work mainly relies on designers manually dividing and adjusting on two-dimensional drawings, which has significant limitations.

[0003] Currently, some core BIM modeling software and its plugins possess basic component placement and array functions, enabling the arrangement of slabs on simple, regular planes. Some independent parametric design tools (such as Grasshopper) can algorithmically handle the segmentation of complex geometries. Simultaneously, the clash detection function of BIM software can be used to identify spatial conflicts between models from different disciplines.

[0004] From manual layout in 2D CAD to 3D visualization layout using BIM software, technological advancements have improved the intuitiveness of design. The introduction of parametric tools has made it possible to handle irregular curved surfaces. The widespread adoption of collision detection functions has reduced some pipeline collision problems during construction.

[0005] However, existing technologies still have the following specific problems: 1) Difficulty in ensuring continuous 3D seams: When dealing with 3D corners and curved surfaces, existing tools cannot intelligently ensure the continuous alignment of material seams between different decorative surfaces, resulting in misaligned seams at internal and external corners, affecting the overall aesthetics and construction quality. 2) Low efficiency of multi-disciplinary collaboration: Decorative layout is closely related to structural, mechanical and electrical, and curtain wall disciplines. In the current process, layout designers need to manually compare and adjust with other professional models, which is cumbersome, prone to omissions, and may cause new chain collisions after adjustment. 3) Disconnect between panel information and construction: The panels generated by layout lack unified and accurate digital identity information (such as unique numbers) and spatial coordinates. During construction, workers find it difficult to accurately correspond the panels on the 2D drawings with their 3D spatial positions, let alone efficiently compare them with 3D scanned point clouds to verify installation accuracy. 4) Difficulty in handling and positioning irregular surfaces: For complex decorative surfaces such as hyperbolic panels, existing tools lack a complete solution from layout to providing accurate installation positioning coordinates, making it difficult to control the accuracy of factory processing and on-site installation.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a systematic solution that can integrate the limitations of multiple disciplines, achieve intelligent 3D layout, and automatically generate high-precision construction guidance information. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: Firstly, this application provides a BIM-based 3D layout and panel annotation system for decorative surfaces under multi-disciplinary constraints, including: The multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection module is used to import BIM models containing multiple disciplines such as architecture, structure, MEP and curtain wall. It identifies the interference areas between the decorative surface and the components of each discipline through a spatial conflict detection algorithm, and generates and stores a multi-disciplinary constraint database. The 3D intelligent layout module is connected to the multi-professional model integration and conflict detection module. It is used to automatically calculate the layout of the target decorative surface in 3D space based on the input decorative surface material size and joint rule parameters, combined with the multi-professional constraint database, to generate a panel layout. The layout module integrates an automatic avoidance algorithm. When the panel layout collides with the components in the constraint database, it automatically adjusts the panel size and position or cuts the panel to avoid the collision. The panel labeling and information linkage module is connected to the three-dimensional intelligent layout module. It is used to automatically assign a unique number to each decorative panel generated by the layout, and associate and record labeling information in the BIM attribute data of the panel, including panel size, material information, installation position, three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the panel center point, and spatial coordinates of multiple corner points used for positioning. The labeling information is bidirectionally associated with the panel entity in the BIM model and is automatically updated as the model is modified.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional intelligent layout module further includes a through-seam layout algorithm unit, which is used to dynamically adjust the panel dividing line and seam position in three-dimensional curved surfaces or corner areas according to the spatial geometric relationship of adjacent decorative surfaces, so as to ensure the visual continuity of decorative material seams in three-dimensional space.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional intelligent layout module further includes an irregular surface processing unit, which integrates a parametric skin cutting algorithm for dividing and optimizing the curvature of hyperboloid and freeform decorative surfaces into blocks, and calculating and providing three-dimensional spatial coordinates of no less than four corner points for the generated irregular blocks.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the center point of the plate in the annotation information recorded by the plate annotation and information linkage module include its X, Y, and Z axis coordinate values ​​in the global coordinate system.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spatial coordinates of the multiple corner points used for positioning include at least the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the four corner points of the plate, which are used to assist in the construction and installation positioning of complex-shaped plates or hyperbolic panels.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the system further includes a data output module, which is used to generate a layout list and construction positioning diagram containing all section numbers, coordinates, dimensions and materials with one click based on the information in the section labeling and information linkage module.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a BIM-based three-dimensional layout and panel annotation method for decorative surfaces under multiple professional constraints. The method is applied to the system described in the first aspect and includes the following steps: S1. Multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection: Import BIM models containing multiple disciplines such as architecture, structure, MEP and curtain wall, identify the interference areas between the decorative surface and the components of each discipline through spatial conflict detection algorithm, and generate a multi-disciplinary constraint database. S2. Three-dimensional intelligent layout: Based on the material size and joint rule parameters of the decorative surface, and combined with the multi-professional restriction database, the target decorative surface is automatically arranged and calculated in three-dimensional space to generate a panel layout; when the panel layout collides with the components in the restriction database, automatic avoidance adjustment is performed. S3. Panel Labeling and Information Binding: Each decorative panel generated by the layout is automatically numbered, and its three-dimensional spatial coordinate information is calculated. The number, coordinates, dimensions and material properties are written into the BIM attributes of the panel as labeling information. S4. Information Linkage and Update: Establish a dynamic association between the annotation information and the block entities in the BIM model, so that the annotation information is automatically updated as the geometric attributes or spatial location of the model are modified.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, for decorative surfaces of three-dimensional curved surfaces or corner areas, a continuous seam layout algorithm is adopted to dynamically adjust the plate dividing line and seam position according to the spatial geometric relationship of adjacent decorative surfaces, so as to ensure the visual continuity of the decorative material seams in three-dimensional space.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, for hyperboloid or freeform decorative surfaces, a parametric skin cutting algorithm is used to divide and optimize the arrangement of the blocks to adapt to their curvature, and to calculate and provide three-dimensional spatial coordinates of no less than four corner points for the generated irregular blocks.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automatic avoidance adjustment in step S2 includes at least one of the following methods: adjusting the plate size, shifting the plate position, dividing and cutting the plate, or adjusting the layout grid as a whole.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes step S5, data output: based on the annotation information generated in step S3, outputting a layout list, construction positioning diagram or digital processing file containing all panel numbers, coordinates, dimensions and materials.

[0018] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described above.

[0019] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described above.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The system provided in this application, by constructing a multi-disciplinary constraint database and driving 3D intelligent layout, achieves automated and precise arrangement of decorative materials in complex architectural spaces. This not only significantly improves the efficiency of detailed design and reduces errors and omissions caused by manual adjustments, but also fundamentally ensures the continuity and aesthetics of decorative joints in 3D space.

[0021] This application introduces automatic avoidance commands and parametric cutting algorithms for irregular surfaces, enabling the system to proactively adapt to constraints from multiple disciplines such as structure and electromechanical systems, and efficiently handle complex decorative surfaces such as hyperboloids, thereby enhancing the application capabilities of BIM technology in high-end and complex decoration projects.

[0022] This application further digitizes and makes traceable design outcomes by automatically generating annotation information containing unique numbers and three-dimensional spatial coordinates for each module and linking it with the BIM model in real time. This provides a precise and consistent data foundation for subsequent digital processing, on-site layout and positioning, and installation quality inspection based on 3D scanning, realizing integrated data flow between design and construction. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a general flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Detailed Implementation The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0025] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, three-dimensional continuous seam refers to the visual effect that the splicing seam of the decorative surface material maintains continuity and alignment at the three-dimensional spatial turning points (such as the inside / outside corners of the wall and the floor, or the wall and the ceiling).

[0026] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the multi-professional restriction database is a data structure used to store information on unoccupiable space areas of decorative surfaces and their corresponding professional components identified through conflict detection.

[0027] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, parametric skin cutting refers to a method that uses algorithms (such as mathematical functions or geometric rules) to automatically generate optimized dividing lines based on the surface shape.

[0028] Modern architectural interior spaces are becoming increasingly complex, with decorative surfaces intertwined with structures, electromechanical pipelines, and curtain wall systems. Traditional two-dimensional or simple three-dimensional layout methods are no longer sufficient to meet the demands for high-precision and high-efficiency construction drawing refinement. This invention proposes a BIM-based three-dimensional layout and panel annotation system for decorative surfaces under multi-disciplinary constraints. This system integrates three key technologies: multi-disciplinary constraint-based integrated modeling, constraint-based intelligent three-dimensional layout, and digitally accurate annotation and linkage of layout results. The multi-disciplinary constraint database is a prerequisite for intelligent layout; intelligent layout is the means to generate accurate spatial layouts; and digital annotation is the key to transforming layout results into constructable and verifiable data. The organic combination of these three technologies forms a complete closed loop from collision avoidance to layout design and then to data annotation, effectively solving several major problems raised in the background technology.

[0029] The technical solutions described above in this application will be explained in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1 This embodiment provides a BIM-based 3D layout and panel annotation system for decorative surfaces under multiple professional constraints, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: The multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection module is used to import BIM models containing multiple disciplines such as architecture, structure, MEP and curtain wall. It identifies the interference areas between the decorative surface and the components of each discipline through a spatial conflict detection algorithm, and generates and stores a multi-disciplinary constraint database. The 3D intelligent layout module is connected to the multi-professional model integration and conflict detection module. It is used to automatically calculate the layout of the target decorative surface in 3D space based on the input decorative surface material size and joint rule parameters, combined with the multi-professional constraint database, to generate a panel layout. The layout module integrates an automatic avoidance algorithm. When the panel layout collides with the components in the constraint database, it automatically adjusts the panel size and position or cuts the panel to avoid the collision. The panel labeling and information linkage module is connected to the three-dimensional intelligent layout module. It is used to automatically assign a unique number to each decorative panel generated by the layout, and associate and record labeling information in the BIM attribute data of the panel, including panel size, material information, installation position, three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the panel center point, and spatial coordinates of multiple corner points used for positioning. The labeling information is bidirectionally associated with the panel entity in the BIM model and is automatically updated as the model is modified.

[0031] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional intelligent layout module may also include a seam layout algorithm unit, which is used to dynamically adjust the position of the panel dividing line and the seam according to the spatial geometric relationship of adjacent decorative surfaces in three-dimensional curved surfaces or corner areas, so as to ensure the visual continuity of the decorative material seams in three-dimensional space.

[0032] In another embodiment, the three-dimensional intelligent layout module may also include an irregular surface processing unit, which integrates a parametric skin cutting algorithm for dividing and optimizing the layout of hyperboloid and freeform decorative surfaces to adapt to their curvature, and for calculating and providing three-dimensional spatial coordinates of no less than four corner points for the generated irregular surfaces.

[0033] In this embodiment, the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the center point of the plate in the annotation information recorded by the plate annotation and information linkage module include its X, Y, and Z axis coordinate values ​​in the global coordinate system.

[0034] In this embodiment, the spatial coordinates of the multiple corner points used for positioning include at least the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the four corner points of the panel, which are used to assist in the construction and installation positioning of complex-shaped panels or hyperbolic panels.

[0035] In this embodiment, the system also includes a data output module, which is used to generate a layout list and construction positioning diagram containing all section numbers, coordinates, dimensions and materials with one click based on the information in the section labeling and information linkage module.

[0036] In the multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection module: Multi-disciplinary BIM model integration: refers to merging and aligning independently created digital 3D models from different disciplines such as architecture, structure, MEP, and curtain wall under a unified project coordinate system to form a complete, lossless integrated digital model.

[0037] Spatial conflict detection algorithms are automated analysis tools based on computational geometry. They quickly identify potential physical collisions or areas violating installation specifications by comparing the spatial relationships (such as intersections or insufficient gaps) between the 3D geometries of different components. Common algorithms include fast bounding box-based detection and accurate triangular mesh intersection detection.

[0038] Multidisciplinary constraint database: This refers to a structured data warehouse used to store all "design constraints" identified through conflict detection. Each record not only contains the spatial extent of the interference area (usually described by a minimum bounding box or geometry), but also associates it with the discipline information, component ID, and type of the interference source, providing a clear "no-go zone" map for subsequent automated design.

[0039] The specific working process of the multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection module includes: Step 1, Model Import and Standardization: The system supports mainstream BIM formats (such as RVT, IFC). During import, the system performs coordinate calibration and unit unification to ensure that all models work under the same three-dimensional spatial reference.

[0040] Step 2: Select the decorative surface area: In the professional decoration model, the user specifies the target area (such as a wall, a floor slab, or a ceiling) that needs to be laid out.

[0041] Step 3: Perform interference analysis: The system uses the selected decorative surface area as the detection object and automatically traverses all other components in the professional models (such as structural beams, ventilation ducts, fire sprinklers, cable trays, curtain wall joists, etc.) to run the conflict detection algorithm. The detection can be set to "hard collision" (intersection of entities) or "soft collision" (gap less than the preset safety distance).

[0042] Step 4: Generate the constraint database: All detected conflict areas are converted into a series of 3D spatial constraint objects with attributes and stored in the database. This database is dynamic and can be refreshed as the source model is updated.

[0043] For example, before designing the layout of a mirrored stainless steel ceiling in an office building's elevator lobby, this module first integrates models from the architecture, structure, HVAC, electrical, fire protection, and interior design disciplines. After the system performs conflict detection, it may find conflicts between the ceiling area and the following components: ① two 400mm wide cross-shaped structural main beams; ② an air conditioning return air system embedded in the ceiling and its access panels; ③ several fire sprinkler heads and smoke detectors; ④ dense lighting fixtures and wiring on the ceiling. The system accurately records the position, shape, and size of these components on the ceiling projection surface and marks them as "unoccupiable areas," forming a "restriction map" for the ceiling layout. Designers no longer need to manually search for this information from dozens of drawings.

[0044] In the 3D intelligent typesetting module: Decorative surface material dimensions and joint rules parameters: These represent the design conditions input by the user, including the geometric dimensions of a single material (length, width, thickness), joint width, layout starting point, laying pattern (such as herringbone or diamond pattern), and whether staggered joints are required.

[0045] Automatic layout calculation engine: This refers to the core algorithm set of the system. It receives design conditions and spatial constraints, and automatically calculates the best segmentation scheme and layout of the blocks on the three-dimensional geometric surface of the target decorative surface, driven by optimization objectives (such as the highest material utilization rate and the best visual aesthetics).

[0046] The continuous seam layout algorithm unit is a sub-algorithm specifically designed to handle spatial continuity. Its core function is to perform global coordination when two or more adjacent decorative surfaces (such as walls and floors, or wall corners) need to be aligned at their seams. This dynamically adjusts the starting point or spacing of the dividing lines on each surface to ensure a smooth transition of the seam lines in three-dimensional space, eliminating any visual misalignment.

[0047] Automatic obstacle avoidance algorithm: This is a responsive adjustment strategy. When a section in the initial layout falls into the area marked by the "restriction database", the algorithm automatically adjusts the size, moves, rotates, or intelligently cuts the affected section according to preset priority rules (such as "prioritizing the integrity of the large surface" and "minimizing losses") to avoid conflicts and minimize damage to the overall layout effect.

[0048] The irregular surface processing unit and parametric skin cutting algorithm are specialized modules for processing non-planar and irregular curved surfaces. The parametric algorithm allows users to automatically discretize complex hyperboloids and freeform surfaces into a series of factory-processable and field-installable flat or single-curved panels by defining logical rules (such as segmentation along curvature lines, equal arc length division, and UV coordinate-based division) or using optimization algorithms (such as genetic algorithms), and optimizes the dimensional uniformity of the panels and the smoothness of the seams.

[0049] The specific working process of the three-dimensional intelligent layout module includes: Step 1, Initialization and parameter loading: The module obtains the geometric data of the target decorative surface, the "multi-professional restriction database" generated upstream, and the layout parameters input by the user.

[0050] Step 2, Datum plane mapping and grid generation: Parametrically map the three-dimensional decorative surface (especially the curved surface) to a two-dimensional working plane, and generate an initial equally divided grid according to the material size.

[0051] Step 3, Through-seam coordination (if applicable): If there is a through-seam requirement, the system calls the through-seam algorithm unit. This unit reads the finalized or reference layout lines of adjacent surfaces, performs projection and alignment calculations on the working plane of the current surface, and forcibly or optimally adjusts the current grid to achieve three-dimensional through-seams.

[0052] Step 4, Constraint solving and collision avoidance: Map the two-dimensional grid back to the three-dimensional surface to generate block entities, and conduct collision review with the restriction database one by one. Once a collision is detected, the automatic avoidance algorithm is triggered to generate an adjustment plan. This process may involve multiple iterations to find a feasible solution that meets all constraints (dimensions, through-seams, avoidance).

[0053] Step 5, Special treatment for irregular surfaces: For curved surfaces, the irregular surface processing unit is activated. The parametric algorithm generates a non-uniform optimized segmentation grid according to the geometric characteristics of the curved surface, and converts the curved surface into a set of blocks.

[0054] Step 6, Solution solidification and output: Generate the final set of three-dimensional block geometries, and transfer this layout plan to the downstream module.

[0055] Exemplarily, continuing the aforementioned elevator hall ceiling case. The user selects square mirror stainless steel plates with a size of 600x600 mm and a seam width of 3 mm. The layout module first attempts to lay them in a centered and symmetric manner. When encountering the structural main beam marked in the "restriction database", the avoidance algorithm is activated. It may choose to uniformly adjust the width of several rows of plates spanning the main beam to 550 mm to fit the beam width; for the air conditioner maintenance opening, the algorithm may intelligently cut a whole plate into a "return" shape, leaving a maintenance opening in the middle. At the same time, since the three walls of the elevator hall are stone walls and require the wall-top materials to be seam-aligned, the through-seam algorithm unit will read the layout grid lines of the wall stones (assuming a modulus of 600 mm), and adjust the starting edge of the ceiling plate layout to ensure that the ceiling plate seams are visually completely aligned and extended with the vertical seams of the wall stones.

[0056] Among them, in the block annotation and information linkage module: Unique Identifier: This refers to assigning a globally unique identifier to each generated decorative panel based on a pre-defined coding system (e.g., "Regional Code-Material Type-Serial Number": L1-CE-SS-001 represents the first stainless steel panel in a 1-layer ceiling). This identifier is a crucial index throughout the entire lifecycle of design, procurement, processing, logistics, installation, and operation and maintenance.

[0057] BIM attribute data refers to the set of expandable attribute parameters that each component in the BIM model possesses, in addition to its geometric shape, to store various non-geometric information. This module writes key construction-driven information into these attribute fields.

[0058] Three-dimensional spatial coordinates refer to data that accurately describes the position and orientation of the plate within the project's global coordinate system. The plate's center point coordinates (X, Y, Z) provide a rough positioning reference for the plate; multiple corner point coordinates (at least four corners for quadrilateral plates) precisely define the plate's boundary contour, spatial orientation, and corner point positions, serving as the direct basis for CNC machining and high-precision on-site layout.

[0059] Two-way association and real-time linkage: This refers to the dynamic data binding relationship established within the BIM platform between the geometric shape of a component and its attribute data. When the geometry is modified (moved, rotated, scaled), its associated attributes (such as coordinates) are automatically updated; conversely, modifying coordinate values ​​in the attribute table changes the geometric position of the component. This ensures the authority and consistency of the model as a "single data source."

[0060] The specific working process of the section labeling and information linkage module includes: Step 1, Traversal and Encoding: The module receives all the block geometry output by the typesetting module. The system automatically and in batches generates ordered, non-repeating numbers for these blocks according to predetermined rules.

[0061] Step 2, Geometric Information Extraction and Calculation: For each module, the system accurately calculates its geometric features. This includes: calculating the center point of its 3D bounding box as the coordinates of the module's center point; extracting key feature points of its contour (usually corner points), calculating the precise corner coordinates of these points in the global coordinate system; and recording its dimension information.

[0062] Step 3, Attribute Information Injection: Through the BIM software API, the system backend opens the attribute set of each component panel and batch writes data such as number, center point coordinates, corner point coordinates, dimensions, material, and installation location into the corresponding custom attribute fields.

[0063] Step 4: Establish dynamic links: The system registers event listeners for geometric and attribute changes for all modules. Once a change is detected, a synchronization update procedure is triggered to keep the geometric and attribute data strictly synchronized.

[0064] Step 5, Data Ready: After the annotation is completed, each block is transformed from a simple "graphic" into an intelligent object containing complete "identity information" and "location instructions".

[0065] For example, continuing with the previous case: After the elevator lobby ceiling layout is completed, this module begins operation. It numbers a total of 285 ceiling panels (including several non-standard panels), such as L1-CE-SS-001 to L1-CE-SS-285. For one irregularly shaped panel, L1-CE-SS-112, which needs to avoid an access panel, the system calculates its center point coordinates as (12540.2, 8932.5, 3200.8) and precisely calculates the coordinates of its four corner points, for example, Corner_A: (12538.5, 8930.1, 3200.8). All this information is automatically filled into the panel's attribute table. The construction team can directly export the "Mirror Stainless Steel Sheet Processing and Cutting List" from the system. The table contains the number, precise dimensions, and coordinates of the four corner points for each panel, which the factory's CNC punching / cutting machine can use for direct production. On-site, surveyors can use a BIM model or a layout robot to input the coordinates of any corner point of L1-CE-SS-112 for millimeter-level precision installation and positioning. If design changes occur later and the position of the L1-CE-SS-112 plate needs to be moved, the designer only needs to drag the plate in the model, and all coordinates in its attribute table will be automatically updated. The downstream processing orders and positioning data will also be corrected in real time, achieving true digital collaboration.

[0066] In the data output module: Data Output Module: A template- and rule-based data extraction and formatting tool. It extracts specific information from the labeled BIM model as needed and generates standardized documents or drawings suitable for different downstream application scenarios.

[0067] A layout list is a data table that typically includes information such as panel number, material description, dimensions (length, width, thickness, area), quantity, and corner coordinates. It is used for material statistics, procurement, and factory processing.

[0068] Construction positioning diagram: This is a diagram that integrates or links section numbers and key coordinate information on the basis of traditional construction drawings. It is used to guide the on-site installation team in setting out and installing the sequence.

[0069] The specific working process of the data output module includes: based on the output type selected by the user (such as processing list, construction drawing, CNC code), calling the corresponding template, batch reading the required data from the attribute database maintained by the "segment annotation and information linkage module", and after formatting processing (such as generating CAD graphics, PDF drawings, Excel spreadsheets, XML data files, etc.), finally outputting it to the user or directly transmitting it to downstream systems (such as ERP, CAM).

[0070] For example, in the aforementioned elevator lobby example: In elevator lobby projects, designers can: Click "Generate Processing List" and the system will automatically create an Excel file listing the number, size, coordinates of the four corner points, and material of all 285 plates, which can be sent directly to the stainless steel plate supplier.

[0071] Click "Generate Construction Positioning Map". The system will automatically mark the number of each panel on the corresponding ceiling plan and attach a table containing the coordinates of the center point. This table can be printed out for use by the on-site construction team.

[0072] Click "Export CNC Code" to generate G-code or DXF files suitable for specific brand cutting machines for complex irregular-shaped plates, achieving seamless integration between design and manufacturing.

[0073] The system operating principle of this embodiment includes: The primary step in system operation is multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection. In traditional design processes, disciplines such as decoration, structure, MEP, and curtain wall often operate independently, leading to frequent collisions between pipelines and decorative surfaces during construction. This system effectively solves this problem by establishing a multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection module. This module can import BIM models from various disciplines, including architecture, structure, MEP, and curtain wall, and, based on a unified spatial coordinate system, utilizes efficient spatial conflict detection algorithms (such as bounding box-based rapid detection) to perform a full-discipline scan of the model. The system can accurately identify interference areas between decorative surfaces and components such as beams, columns, MEP pipelines, and curtain wall embedded parts, and structure this conflict data to generate a detailed multi-disciplinary constraint database. This database not only records the type and number of conflicting components but also precisely pinpoints their coordinate range in three-dimensional space, creating a clear "minefield map" for subsequent layout work.

[0074] After acquiring multi-disciplinary constraint information, the system enters the core 3D intelligent layout stage. Unlike traditional simple array tools, this system's 3D intelligent layout module is an intelligent engine with "thinking" capabilities. It first receives process parameters input by the designer, such as the specifications and dimensions of decorative panels, joint widths, and the starting point of the layout. Subsequently, the module connects to the aforementioned multi-disciplinary constraint database and begins automatic layout calculations in 3D space. During this process, the system integrates a unique automatic avoidance algorithm. When the generated layout panels potentially collide with "no-go zones" marked in the database, the algorithm automatically triggers an adjustment mechanism. This adjustment is not a simple deletion or error reporting, but rather an intelligent decision-making process with multiple strategies: the system can dynamically adjust panel sizes, translate the layout mesh, or intelligently cut panels, thereby avoiding structural beams or electromechanical pipes while maximizing the aesthetics of the layout and the utilization rate of materials.

[0075] To address the stringent visual requirements of high-end decoration projects, this embodiment introduces a continuous seam layout algorithm unit within the 3D intelligent layout module. When dealing with complex spaces such as wall corners, wall-floor junctions, or 3D curved surfaces, traditional software often fails to guarantee the continuity of seams between different decorative surfaces, leading to common quality defects such as "misaligned seams" or "half-bricks" that negatively impact aesthetics. This system's continuous seam algorithm can analyze the spatial geometric relationship between adjacent decorative surfaces in real time and dynamically calculate the extension trajectory of the panel dividing line at corners. By fine-tuning the size and position of the panels, it ensures that the seams of decorative materials achieve visually continuous alignment in 3D space, presenting a perfect seam alignment effect whether it's an external or internal corner, greatly improving the level of refined construction in decoration projects.

[0076] For the increasingly common complex skins in modern architecture, such as hyperboloids and irregularly shaped domes, the system is equipped with a dedicated irregular surface processing unit. Based on a parametric skin cutting algorithm, this unit can adapt to the curvature variations of complex surfaces and perform non-rectangular panel division. It not only generates aesthetically pleasing layouts but also calculates the precise spatial form for each generated irregularly shaped panel, ensuring a perfect fit to the designed curved surface.

[0077] After layout, the system transforms the virtual model into executable construction instructions through the panel annotation and information linkage module. This module automatically assigns a unique identification number (e.g., "WA-012") to each generated decorative panel, which serves not only as the panel's "identity card" but also as an index for full lifecycle data traceability. More importantly, the system automatically calculates and records the precise spatial coordinates of each panel. For ordinary panels, the system records the three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) of its center point; while for complex-shaped panels or hyperboloid panels, the system calculates and stores the spatial coordinates of its four (or more) corner points. This coordinate data, along with the panel's dimensions, material, installation location, and other attributes, is written into the attribute set of the corresponding entity in the BIM model. This two-way association mechanism ensures that once the model changes, the associated annotation information is automatically updated in real time, completely eliminating inconsistencies between design drawings and data tables.

[0078] Example 2 Please see Figure 2 This invention provides a BIM-based three-dimensional layout and annotation method for decorative surfaces under multiple professional constraints, comprising the following steps: S1. Model Integration and Conflict Detection. Users import complete BIM models from various disciplines, including architecture, structure, MEP (Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing), and decoration. The system performs spatial conflict detection, identifying all areas within the decorative surface (ceiling, floor, and walls) that intersect or collide with models from other disciplines. It then structures the information of these areas and their associated components, generating a global multi-disciplinary constraint database. This step makes implicit coordination issues explicit and data-driven.

[0079] S2, 3D Intelligent Layout. The user selects the decorative surface to be laid out (such as a wall), and sets the material dimensions, joint width, starting point, etc. The system calls the constraint data corresponding to this area generated in S1 and starts the 3D layout engine. The engine first attempts to lay out according to rules. When it encounters a restricted area (such as a pre-embedded box for a switch socket), it triggers avoidance logic, which may cut or offset the tiles. At the same time, if the wall is adjacent to the already laid out floor, the joint alignment algorithm will intervene to ensure that the wall and floor tile joints are aligned. The layout process is visualized in real time, and the user can preview and fine-tune the parameters.

[0080] S3. Segment Labeling and Information Binding. After the layout scheme is determined, the system iterates through all generated segments. A unique ID is generated for each segment according to preset rules (region + sequence). Next, the precise coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the geometric center point of each segment in the world coordinate system are calculated. For rectangular segments, the coordinates of the four corner points are additionally calculated; for irregularly shaped segments, the coordinates of their boundary key control points are calculated. These "number-coordinate-dimension-material" data packages are written into the BIM attribute column of the corresponding segment.

[0081] S4. Information Linkage and Updates. After annotation is completed, the system enters monitoring mode. When a user moves, scales, or deletes any block through the BIM software interface, the coordinate and dimension fields in the block's attributes are automatically refreshed. Similarly, if a user directly modifies the coordinate values ​​in the attribute table, the corresponding block's geometric position will also move synchronously in the model. This two-way linkage ensures the uniqueness and accuracy of the data source during the design process.

[0082] Furthermore, the three-dimensional intelligent layout (including through-seam and avoidance) process in step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. Read the decorative surface boundary and constraint data. Obtain the three-dimensional geometric boundary of the target decorative surface and extract all interferometric information related to this surface from the multi-disciplinary constraint database.

[0083] S22. Generate an initial layout grid based on process parameters. Based on the material dimensions and starting point, generate ideal, equally divided grid lines on the two-dimensional projection reference plane of the decorative surface.

[0084] S23. Three-dimensional seam correction. Check the grid lines of other layout surfaces that are perpendicular to this decorative surface. Project the grid lines of the adjacent surfaces onto the current layout reference surface, and adjust the starting point or grid spacing of the current surface so that the seams in the main visual direction align in three-dimensional space.

[0085] S24. Collision Detection and Avoidance. Map the current layout mesh back to the 3D decorative surface to generate preliminary panels. Perform rapid collision detection on each panel against the constraint interference volume read in S21. For panels that collide, generate adjustment schemes based on avoidance rules (such as "segment avoidance" and "overall offset") and update the panel geometry.

[0086] S25. Scheme Optimization and Output. Evaluate the aesthetics and material utilization of the overall layout scheme after the avoidance adjustments. Multiple alternative schemes can be provided for the user to choose from. The final output is the determined block geometry set in step S3.

[0087] Example 3 This embodiment provides a BIM-based three-dimensional layout and annotation method for decorative surfaces under multiple professional constraints. Based on Embodiment 2, it mainly provides another dynamically optimized implementation method for handling irregular surfaces in intelligent layout.

[0088] Specifically, in step S2, for irregular decorative surfaces such as hyperboloids and freeform surfaces, in addition to using a predefined parametric algorithm for cutting, this embodiment introduces an adaptive layout method based on a genetic algorithm or particle swarm optimization algorithm. Please refer to an optimization process not shown, which specifically includes: S211, discretizing the irregular decorative surface into a high-precision triangular mesh model. S222, defining an optimization objective function, which comprehensively considers material utilization (maximization), total seam length (minimization), plate size uniformity, and collision penalty with the constraint database. S233, randomly generating a set of initial layout schemes (i.e., different combinations of dividing lines). S244, running an optimization algorithm (such as a genetic algorithm), iteratively evolving these schemes through selection, crossover, mutation, and other operations to continuously approach the optimal objective function value. S255, outputting the optimal or near-optimal plate segmentation scheme.

[0089] The above-described method in step S2 of this embodiment is particularly suitable for scenarios with extremely irregular shapes and special requirements for the artistic effect of materials (such as curved walls in art exhibition halls). It can explore more material-saving or more aesthetically pleasing layout methods while meeting multiple professional restrictions, and is a powerful supplement to the rule algorithm and parameterized algorithm in embodiment two.

[0090] Example 4 This embodiment provides the application of the systems and methods described in embodiments one to three in a specific project—"Stone Wall and Ceiling Project of Urban Rail Transit Hub Station Hall".

[0091] In this project, the station hall walls are made of high-grade stone, the ceiling is made of irregularly shaped aluminum panels, and the space is filled with structural columns, large ventilation ducts, fire water pipes, lighting fixtures, and various signs. The system of this invention was applied as follows: 1) Integration and Detection: Integrating civil engineering, electromechanical, signage, and decoration models, it quickly identified numerous conflicts between the stone walls and fire hydrant boxes, pipe penetrations, and ceilings, as well as numerous collisions with ducts and lighting fixtures. 2) Intelligent Layout: For the stone walls, the system uses a continuous seam algorithm to ensure texture alignment at wall transitions at different heights; it also automatically avoids all openings and generates precise dimensions for cutting the stone. For the irregularly shaped aluminum panel ceiling, a parametric cutting algorithm is used, combined with the location of the ducts for optimized division, ensuring that the panel seams are coordinated with the lighting fixture layout. 3) Digital Annotation: A unique number and corner coordinates are generated for each piece of stone and aluminum panel. The general contractor sends this data directly to the stone and aluminum panel factories for digital processing. On-site installation is carried out by viewing the number and coordinates of each panel through the BIM model. 4) Quality Verification: In the later stages of the project, 3D laser scanning of the station hall floor was used to import the point cloud model and the design BIM model into the system. The system can automatically compare the actual installation position of each decorative panel with the design coordinates, generating deviation chromatograms and reports, greatly improving the efficiency and objectivity of the final acceptance. This embodiment demonstrates that the system can effectively address the challenges of decoration engineering in large public building projects that involve complex cross-disciplinary collaboration and high precision requirements.

[0092] Example 5 The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, a memory, an input device, an output device, and a communication interface. The memory stores computer program code, which includes computer instructions. When the processor executes these computer instructions, the electronic device implements the BIM-based 3D layout and annotation method for decorative surfaces under multi-disciplinary constraints as described in Embodiments 2 or 3. This electronic device can be a server, a workstation, or a personal computer.

[0093] Example 6 The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. The storage medium stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the processor performs the method described in Embodiments 2 or 3.

[0094] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0095] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A BIM-based 3D layout and panel annotation method for decorative surfaces under multi-disciplinary constraints, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection: Import BIM models containing multiple disciplines such as architecture, structure, MEP and curtain wall, identify interference areas between decorative surfaces and components of various disciplines through spatial conflict detection algorithms, and generate a multi-disciplinary constraint database. S2. Three-dimensional intelligent layout: Based on the material size and joint rule parameters of the decorative surface, and combined with the multi-professional restriction database, the target decorative surface is automatically arranged and calculated in three-dimensional space to generate a panel layout; when the panel layout collides with the components in the restriction database, automatic avoidance adjustment is performed. S3. Panel Labeling and Information Binding: Each decorative panel generated by the layout is automatically numbered, and its three-dimensional spatial coordinate information is calculated. The number, coordinates, dimensions and material properties are written into the BIM attributes of the panel as labeling information. S4. Information Linkage and Update: Establish a dynamic association between the annotation information and the block entities in the BIM model, so that the annotation information is automatically updated as the geometric attributes or spatial location of the model are modified.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, for decorative surfaces in three-dimensional curved or corner areas, a continuous seam layout algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the panel dividing lines and seam positions according to the spatial geometric relationship between adjacent decorative surfaces, ensuring the visual continuity of decorative material seams in three-dimensional space.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, for hyperboloid or freeform decorative surfaces, a parametric skin cutting algorithm is used to divide and optimize the arrangement of the blocks to adapt to their curvature, and to calculate and provide the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of no less than four corner points for the generated irregular blocks.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the three-dimensional spatial coordinate information includes the X, Y, and Z axis coordinates of the plate center point in the global coordinate system, as well as the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of multiple corner points of the plate used for construction positioning.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic obstacle avoidance adjustment in step S2 includes at least one of the following methods: adjusting the plate size, shifting the plate position, dividing and cutting the plate, or adjusting the overall layout grid.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes step S5, data output: based on the annotation information generated in step S3, output a layout list, construction positioning diagram or digital processing file containing all panel numbers, coordinates, dimensions and materials.

7. A BIM-based 3D layout and panel annotation system for decorative surfaces under multi-disciplinary constraints, used to implement the method described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The multi-disciplinary model integration and conflict detection module is used to import BIM models containing multiple disciplines such as architecture, structure, MEP and curtain wall. It identifies the interference areas between the decorative surface and the components of each discipline through a spatial conflict detection algorithm, and generates and stores a multi-disciplinary constraint database. The 3D intelligent layout module is connected to the multi-professional model integration and conflict detection module. It is used to automatically calculate the layout of the target decorative surface in 3D space based on the input decorative surface material size and joint rule parameters, combined with the multi-professional constraint database, to generate a panel layout. The layout module integrates an automatic avoidance algorithm. When the panel layout collides with the components in the constraint database, it automatically adjusts the panel size and position or cuts the panel to avoid the collision. The panel labeling and information linkage module is connected to the three-dimensional intelligent layout module. It is used to automatically assign a unique number to each decorative panel generated by the layout, and associate and record labeling information in the BIM attribute data of the panel, including panel size, material information, installation position, three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the panel center point, and spatial coordinates of multiple corner points used for positioning. The labeling information is bidirectionally associated with the panel entity in the BIM model and is automatically updated as the model is modified.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The three-dimensional intelligent typesetting module includes: Through-seam layout unit, used to adjust panel division in three-dimensional space to ensure seam continuity; An automatic collision avoidance unit is used to automatically adjust the plate layout when a collision is detected; The irregular surface processing unit integrates parametric algorithms for cutting and arranging blocks of complex curved surfaces.

9. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The annotation information recorded by the plate annotation and information linkage module includes at least the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the plate center point and the coordinates of the four corner points used for positioning.

10. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The system also includes a data output module, which is used to generate layout lists, construction drawings, or data files for interfacing with CNC machining equipment based on the annotation information.

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