High-density pole pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-density pole pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and a design method, and belongs to the technical field of design and manufacturing of motors and new energy automobiles. Three-wire or four-wire transmission is adopted to transmit four-phase sine wave or square wave current with the phase difference of 90 degrees; the motor mainly takes four-phase alternating current as a power supply, the phase difference is 90 degrees, the power density is higher, as the four-phase waveforms are in pairwise symmetry, only two phases are used for current transmission, a common end can be provided, three wires can be used, and for a corresponding winding with the phase difference of 180 degrees, only a circuit needs to be reversely connected; for the power transmission rotary transformer, only two groups of windings are needed; compared with a traditional three-phase wave, the energy density and the torque stability are improved, more pole pairs can be arranged in the same space through a specific winding wiring mode, the number of stress area sites is increased, the power density is provided, and the torque stability is improved; the technical scheme is also applicable to the field of generators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric motor and new energy vehicle design and manufacturing technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, especially pure electric vehicles, higher demands are being placed on the high-speed performance and high power density of electric motors. As motor speeds increase, higher requirements are being placed on the performance of motors and related components. More stringent requirements are being placed on the high-speed performance (NVH) of motor rotors, high-speed bearings, and gears, leading to increased costs and issues related to safety and failure rates. Dual-rotor motors, especially counter-rotating dual-rotor motors, represent a technological direction that can significantly increase motor power density. However, counter-rotating dual-rotor motors present a technical challenge: ensuring the current input to at least one of the outer or inner rotors is a significant technological hurdle. Current technology typically requires frictional contact using brushes and rings for current conduction. However, for high-power motors, using a brushed solution would severely impact motor lifespan and safety. Modern power transmission lines generally use three-phase power, and motors typically use three-phase AC power with a phase difference of 120 degrees. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the following prior applications:

[0004] 202211030428.1 Dual-rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports

[0005] 202211098410.5 Design and manufacturing method of constant reluctance rotary transformer and core

[0006] 202211409893.6 Current-carrying dynamic and static port electrical conduction devices and design methods

[0007] 202211411199.8 High Power Density Dual-Disk Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and Design Method

[0008] 202211496278.3 Disc-type high power density motor and its design method

[0009] 202211503563.3 Non-differential disc-type high power density motor and its design method

[0010] 202211717339.4 Three-wire four-phase wave equal-pole common winding motor and its design method

[0011] 202310043018.9 Three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and electromagnetic differential vector dual drive system

[0012] This invention discloses a "three-wire four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method," which uses three or four wires to transmit four-phase sinusoidal or square wave currents with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The motor described herein primarily uses four-phase AC power as its power source, with a 90-degree phase difference, resulting in higher power density. Because the four-phase waveforms are symmetrical pairwise, current transmission only requires two phases, allowing for a common terminal and the use of only three wires. Figure 21 , 22 The waveform diagram is shown. For windings with a phase difference of 180 degrees, simply reverse the circuit connection, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the corresponding ABCD four-phase wave winding only requires two phase windings to form a four-phase wave, i.e., A and C; B and D are reverse connections of the same winding. Clearly, compared to the traditional three-phase wave, it has significant advantages: it increases waveform density, overlap, energy density, and torque stability, while reducing the number of windings. This allows for a greater number of pole pairs to be arranged in the same space, increasing the number of stress-bearing points, providing power density, and improving torque smoothness. It also simplifies the number of inverter circuit components.

[0013] Meanwhile, by using specific winding wiring methods, the pole pair distribution density can be significantly increased, further enhancing torque capacity and power density. See the related figures below.

[0014] Its principle applies to most types of motors, including DC motors, AC motors such as permanent magnet motors and switched reluctance motors, as well as induction motors and hysteresis motors.

[0015] The input current waveform of the motor can be: when the motor is transformed into an engine, the induced current waveform generated by driving the motor windings with stable torque at a constant speed can guide the design of its control current waveform.

[0016] In other words, if the control current waveform of any electric motor is the same as the current waveform generated when the motor is driven to rotate with constant torque and constant angular velocity as a generator, then the output torque of the motor as an electric motor will definitely be constant. This method can be called the "energy reverse measurement simulation method" and can be used as a guiding method for optimizing the control current waveform of an electric motor. It is applicable to any type of motor. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 , three Schematic diagram of stator core winding and permanent magnet rotor structure of a four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor

[0018] Figure 2 , three Winding routing diagram of a four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor using the local circulation method

[0019] Figures 3-4Three-wire four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and unidirectional large circulation winding wiring diagram

[0020] Figure 5 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of the two-slot localized circulation winding development method

[0021] Figure 6 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of two-slot unidirectional large-circulation winding development.

[0022] Figure 7 , one Schematic diagram of a single-slot double-layer flat wire three-wire four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor

[0023] Figure 8 , one Phase-slot double-layer flat wire local circulation method winding routing diagram

[0024] Figure 9 , three Schematic diagram of a four-phase wave double-disc single-phase full-slot serpentine winding motor

[0025] Figure 10 , three Schematic diagram of a three-phase wave three-disc type one-disc one-phase full-slot serpentine winding motor structure

[0026] Figure 11 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of a single-slot, three-wire, four-phase wave winding.

[0027] Figure 12 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of a single-layer three-wire four-phase wave winding with one phase and one slot (reverse direction) B.

[0028] Figure 13 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of a single-slot, single-layer, three-wire, three-phase wave winding.

[0029] There's no such thing as a loop in a single layer; it's just a diagram.

[0030] Figure 14 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of the single-slot double-layer flat wire local circulation winding development diagram

[0031] Figure 15 , three A schematic diagram of the principle of a four-phase wave double-disc type full-slot serpentine winding (each top and bottom represents one disc and one phase).

[0032] Figure 16 , threeA schematic diagram of the principle of a three-phase wave three-disc type one-phase full-slot serpentine winding (the top, middle, and bottom each represent one disc and one phase); (three-wire three-phase wave means: three-phase alternating current with a phase difference of 120°)

[0033] Figures 17-18 Schematic diagram and exploded view of a three-wire, four-phase, non-differential, dual-disc, equal-pole common-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0034] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the left and right disc cross-sections of a three-wire four-phase non-differential dual-disc equal-pole common-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, along with the capacitor phase splitting principle, wiring diagram, and sprocket drive explanation.

[0035] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the three-disc cross-sectional structure of a three-wire, three-phase, non-differential, three-disc, equal-pole common-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0036] Figures 21-27 Waveform diagram; specifically: Figure 21 Two-phase sine wave; Figure 22 Four-phase sine wave; Figure 23 Three-phase sine wave; Figure 24 Six-phase sine wave; Figure 25 Four-phase square wave; Figure 26 Four-phase sine wave; Figure 27 Eight-phase string wave;

[0037] Figure 28 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of a single-phase full-slot cross-slot serpentine winding.

[0038] Figure 29 , three Schematic diagram of a four-phase wave double-disc type single-disc one-phase full-slot type dragon-shaped ultra-flat wire winding motor structure

[0039] Figure 30 Schematic diagram of flat wire winding structure

[0040] Figure 31 , three Schematic diagram of a three-phase wave three-disc type one-disc one-phase full-slot type dragon-shaped ultra-flat wire winding motor structure

[0041] in:

[0042]

[0043] Detailed Implementation

[0044] This invention discloses a "three-wire four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method," which uses three or four wires to transmit four-phase sinusoidal or square wave currents with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The motor described herein primarily uses four-phase AC power as its power source, with a 90-degree phase difference, resulting in higher power density. Because the four-phase waveforms are symmetrical pairwise, current transmission only requires two phases, allowing for a common terminal and the use of only three wires. Figure 21 , 22 The waveform diagram is shown. For windings with a phase difference of 180 degrees, simply reverse the circuit connection, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the corresponding ABCD four-phase wave winding only requires two phase windings to form a four-phase wave, i.e., A and C; B and D are reverse connections of the same winding. Clearly, compared to the traditional three-phase wave, it has significant advantages: it increases waveform density, overlap, energy density, and torque stability, while reducing the number of windings. This allows for a greater number of pole pairs to be arranged in the same space, increasing the number of stress-bearing points, providing power density, and improving torque smoothness. It also simplifies the number of inverter circuit components.

[0045] Meanwhile, by using specific winding wiring methods, the pole pair distribution density can be significantly increased, further enhancing the torque density. See the related figures below. Under the premise of constant power, the torque density enhancement scheme can reduce rotor speed and increase rotor output torque, eliminating a series of problems caused by excessively high rotor speed. Furthermore, the reduction in output speed also helps to decrease the reduction ratio or reduction stages of the vehicle's transmission system, reduce bearing losses and gear meshing losses, improve mechanical transmission efficiency, and optimize NVH characteristics.

[0046] like Figure 1 The diagram shows the stator core, windings, and permanent magnet rotor structure of a three-wire four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0047] The stator is an 8-pole, 32-slot stator, and the rotor is a V-type radial 8-pole permanent magnet rotor. See the attached diagram for details: In the three-wire, four-phase wave scheme, each cycle of the magnetic field unit corresponds to two rotor poles, and the rotor has 8 poles. Clearly, if a conventional three-phase sine wave were used, the design would generally only allow for 24 slots for 4 poles, 48 ​​slots for 8 poles, or 72 slots for 8 poles. However, since the four-phase wave winding has four phases, the number of slots occupied by each cycle of the magnetic field unit is 2 x 4 = 8. Therefore, the scheme shown in this diagram is basically designed to increase torque density by 3 / 2 times. The wiring method described below can further increase the pole pair density and thus the torque density.

[0048] This diagram is a schematic diagram. The stator winding only shows a single-layer round wire form. The enameled wire of the electromagnetic wire can be round or flat, or it can be a multi-layer, multi-turn structure. Note: A black dot at the center of the electromagnetic wire cross-section indicates upward current; a cross-shaped mark indicates downward current ("upward" and "downward" are relative to the plane of the paper). Figure 2 For the specific winding wiring diagram, in order to make the description clear and prevent line overlap and interference, different lines are drawn in a staggered manner according to the radial direction. For details, please also refer to the relevant text and figure descriptions in the prior application "Three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and electromagnetic differential vector dual drive system".

[0049] by Figure 1 , Figure 2 Example combination Figure 5 To analyze and explain: The current direction of phase A winding is downwards from the paper. Figure 1 This is represented by a cross-shaped section on the enameled wire of the winding. Figure 2 This is indicated by the arrow pointing radially inward; the current direction of the C-phase winding is upward from the paper. Figure 1 This is represented by a "black dot" at the center of the cross-section of the winding enameled wire. Figure 2 This is represented by an arrow pointing outwards in a radial direction; Figure 2 In the diagram, the solid lines represent the end windings above the stator core, and the dashed lines represent the end windings below the stator core (this diagram is an axial plan view of the stator core, with the axial direction of the core represented by the top-to-bottom direction of the paper); the junction of the solid and dashed lines represents the winding portion where the enameled wire passes through the core slot. Figure 5 The diagram shows the unfolded routing of its windings.

[0050] Combination Figure 22 As shown, for ease of explanation, the waveforms with a 90-degree phase difference are named A, B, C, and D sequentially. Since the three-wire four-phase wave has a 90-degree phase difference, it is evident that waveforms A and C, and B and D, all have a 180-degree phase difference, exhibiting perfectly symmetrical waveform curvature. Therefore, a four-phase wave can be obtained by reversing the circuit using two-phase waveforms with a 90-degree phase difference. In other words, it can be obtained from... Figure 7 Generation of A and B phase waves Figure 8 The four phases are A, B, C, and D; therefore, four-phase current can be transmitted using three wires; that is, three-wire four-phase current.

[0051] Figure 3 , 4 and Figure 1 , 2 The difference lies in the wiring method. Figure 1 , 2 The diagram shows the winding routing scheme using the local loop method. Figure 3 , 4 The diagram shows the winding routing scheme for the unidirectional large loop method.

[0052] Figure 5 , 6 These are the respective winding routing diagrams. Note: For the sake of simplicity and clarity in the illustrations, these are not included. Figure 6 The routing diagram of the unidirectional large-circulation winding uses curved lines to distinguish it from straight lines.

[0053] The above schemes are all one-phase two-slot layout schemes, that is: the number of slots occupied by each cycle magnetic field unit is 2x4=8; each phase occupies two adjacent slots; or, it can also occupy 3 slots, that is: one-phase three-slot layout. For four-phase current, the number of slots occupied by each cycle magnetic field unit is 3x4=12; the number of pole pairs will be reduced accordingly, and the motor speed and torque relationship can be adjusted in this way.

[0054] The routing method described below can further improve the pole-log density. See details in [link to documentation]. Figure 7 , 8 .

[0055] Figure 7 , one Schematic diagram of a single-slot double-layer flat wire three-wire four-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor

[0056] Figure 8 , one Phase-slot double-layer flat wire local circulation method winding routing diagram

[0057] Figure 14 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of the single-slot double-layer flat wire local circulation winding development diagram

[0058] Figure 7 , 8 This is a schematic diagram of a one-phase, one-slot layout scheme. Instead of being distributed in two or three adjacent core slots, adjacent windings of the same phase are arranged in layers within the same slot, as shown in the diagram. This reduces the included angle of the windings within the circumferential space, increases the number of magnetic pole pairs within the circumference, and improves torque capacity. Specifically, for a four-phase current wave, the number of slots occupied by each magnetic field unit in each cycle is 1 x 4 = 4; each phase occupies one slot. This diagram shows a two-layer winding scheme. Therefore, from the schematic diagram... Figure 8 and Figure 2 Similarly, this comparison makes the advantages of the one-phase-one-slot scheme more intuitive. With the same number or length of windings, the number of slots occupied is reduced by half, which can double the number of rotor magnetic poles and improve torque density. Figure 14 The diagram shows the unfolded routing of its windings.

[0059] Note: The diagrams in this patent application are schematic diagrams only, intended to illustrate the working principle. In practice, each type of scheme can employ a multi-layer winding design. To make the diagrams more concise, Figures 11-13 All explanations are based on a single-layer winding principle; Note: There is no such thing as a loop in a single layer, it is just a schematic diagram.

[0060] Figure 11 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of a single-slot, three-wire, four-phase wave winding.

[0061] Figure 12 , one Schematic diagram of the principle of a single-layer three-wire four-phase wave winding with one phase and one slot (reverse direction) B.

[0062] Figure 11 , 12 The difference lies in the fact that the wiring directions of the A winding and B winding of the three-wire four-phase wave are opposite to each other, which can determine the rotation direction of the motor under the same current waveform connection. Figure 13 , one A schematic diagram of the principle of a single-slot, three-wire, three-phase wave winding; the above principle is also applicable to existing three-phase AC motors, reducing the number of slots occupied by each magnetic field unit in each cycle, and designing more independent cycles of rotating magnetic field within the same iron core circumference, thereby increasing the pole pair density of the rotor permanent magnet and improving the power density. Figure 13 The corresponding waveform is Figure 23 Similarly, for a three-phase sine wave, the forward and reverse connections can be used to obtain... Figure 24 Six-phase sine wave;

[0063] The motor design in this patent can also use a square wave, such as... Figure 25 Four-phase square wave; can also be used in switched reluctance motors;

[0064] Figure 26 Four-phase sine wave; specifically, it requires 5 wires to conduct its four-phase wave, with one common wire; its phase difference is 45 degrees, which can further improve torque stability and power density; according to the above principle, by using forward and reverse wiring, an eight-phase sine wave can be obtained, such as... Figure 27 Eight-phase string wave;

[0065] Note: The three-wire three-phase wave mentioned in this article is the commonly used three-phase alternating current with a phase difference of 120 degrees.

[0066] Figure 9 , three Schematic diagram of a four-phase wave double-disc single-phase full-slot serpentine winding motor

[0067] Figure 15 , three A schematic diagram of the principle of a four-phase wave double-disc type full-slot serpentine winding (each top and bottom represents one disc and one phase). Figure 29 , three Schematic diagram of a four-phase wave double-disc type single-disc one-phase full-slot type dragon-shaped ultra-flat wire winding motor structure

[0068] Figure 30 Schematic diagram of flat wire winding structure

[0069] like Figure 9 , 15The diagram shows a schematic of a three-wire, four-phase, double-disc, one-phase, full-slot serpentine winding motor and its winding routing diagram. It adopts a disc-type design concept (see prior application), meaning that each relatively independent iron core contains only one phase winding, and the winding uses a full-slot serpentine winding routing scheme. (See prior application for details.) Figure 15 The top and bottom represent the winding relationship of one phase of one plate in a double-plate system, combined with... Figure 9 , Figure 15 Clearly, the magnetic poles of the two disks exhibit a complementary spatial angle, which enables the two disks to achieve a continuous and stable torque and speed output effect through torque complementarity.

[0070] The phase difference between the currents of each phase in its dual-disk configuration is 90 degrees, forming a three-wire, four-phase wave configuration. Generally, a two-phase AC current with a 90-degree phase difference can be generated by a generator with a 90-degree phase difference; alternatively, a two-phase AC current with a 90-degree phase difference can be modulated using an inverter, frequency converter, or other modulation methods and directly connected to the motor using a three-wire transmission method with a common neutral wire and two live wires. Figure 9 The current connection ports O, A, and B in the diagram can be connected to the corresponding terminals as follows: Figure 21 , 22 The currents O, A, and B in the circuit can be generated by reversing the routing of the A and B windings, respectively.

[0071] Figure 9 The diagram also shows the principle and wiring diagram of capacitor phase splitting. Note: Capacitor phase splitting is used here, with a phase difference leading by 90 degrees. If inductor phase splitting is used, it can also be a scheme similar to the shaded pole short-circuit ring and short-circuit winding used in single-phase AC motors.

[0072] Alternatively, an alternating current with a 90-degree phase difference can be generated using a capacitor or inductor phase splitting method, and then a 4-phase wave can be constructed using a symmetrical waveform generation method with reverse wiring; if the capacitor and inductor phase splitting scheme is used, ordinary household single-phase alternating current can be used for power supply.

[0073] Technological extension: If the capacitor or inductor phase splitting method is feasible and mature, single-line power transmission can replace three-phase power transmission.

[0074] Note: Figure 9 Another solution is to align the phases of different disc windings while misaligning the rotor poles of different discs, which can also achieve the effect of torque complementarity and continuous and stable output of torque and speed.

[0075] Figure 29 , three Schematic diagram of a four-phase wave double-disc type single-disc one-phase full-slot type dragon-shaped ultra-flat wire winding motor structure

[0076] Figure 30 Schematic diagram of flat wire winding structure

[0077] As shown in the figure, the winding adopts ultra-flat wire winding and is formed by an integrated dragon-shaped wiring method. For the specific wiring schematic diagram, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 15 As shown, the advantages of ultra-flat wire can be fully utilized. Multiple layers of ultra-flat wire can be stacked and integrated into the stator slots in one go, and wound using a dragon-shaped winding method. This significantly reduces the axial dimension of the end windings and allows the end windings to also participate in the excitation process, thus becoming effective windings. Phases A and B are arranged in separate disks according to the principle of one phase per disk, with each disk representing an independent phase winding. As shown in the figure, the slot poles of phases A and B are axially aligned, but their corresponding rotor magnetic poles are arranged according to the phase difference misalignment principle of two-phase or four-phase waves to ensure continuous and stable power flow.

[0078] The ultra-flat wire assembly 32 consists of an ultra-flat wire 36 and an ultra-flat wire insulation layer 33. The ultra-flat wire insulation layer is made of high-temperature resistant insulating material. The ultra-flat wire is made of ultra-flat copper or aluminum strip or other conductors with a large aspect ratio, which can significantly optimize the skin effect of current flat wires, and has good high-temperature resistance, good thermal conductivity, and is easy to manufacture and assemble. The inner wall of the ultra-flat wire groove 34 has an insulating protective layer 35.

[0079] The general structure is as follows: conductors in different layers are separated by an insulating layer, and conductors in the same layer are physically separated by insulation. Since conductors in the same layer are usually connected in parallel, the voltage between adjacent conductors is zero, so only a very small distance is needed to ensure reliable insulation.

[0080] For information on ultra-flat wire and flat wire technology, please refer to the author's prior application documents.

[0081] The ultra-flat wire proposed in this application generally refers to an ultra-flat wire cross-section structure with a large aspect ratio (generally exceeding 3 times), making the flat wire as flexible as conventional round wire. It also employs the common winding scheme described in the prior application, achieving physical geometric separation between the winding and the magnetic poles. This allows for the use of a winding process, eliminating end windings and achieving a winding utilization rate close to 100%. It is also more suitable for high-speed operation, with a simple forming process and higher slot fill factor, expanding the utilization rate of the motor's central area. Furthermore, the winding's working principle is a bidirectional magnetic flux type, doubling the effective working cross-section of the magnetic circuit flux and increasing power density. Additionally, the winding process allows the flat wire to be made into a copper strip similar to tin foil, with a thickness of less than 0.1 mm, significantly improving the skin effect of the electromagnetic winding copper strip, increasing motor efficiency and heat dissipation. Due to the thin copper strip, heat is almost directly conducted and dissipated to the outside. Combined with the ability to use an axial ventilation structure, this allows the cooling medium to... (Air, water, or oil) Through the gaps in this copper strip winding, heat dissipation is excellent, and the copper strip has a larger contact area with the outside world or with each other, resulting in better thermal conductivity and rigidity, making it suitable for high-speed operation. Furthermore, a parallel winding scheme can be used, combining bare copper strips without surface insulation with insulating materials. After winding, the insulating material and bare copper strip form an insulating relationship. This reduces the cost of the magnet wire, significantly increases the yield, and further simplifies the process. More importantly, the separation of the bare copper strip and the insulating material greatly simplifies the selection of insulating materials. Various high-temperature resistant materials can be used, such as: polytetrafluoroethylene (engineering plastic), silicone rubber, fluororubber; special ceramics: alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, hexagonal boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, refractory cement, magnesia bricks (these generally have temperature resistance exceeding 1000 degrees Celsius); mica, quartz, and other silica materials; or high-temperature resistant glass fiber and other materials can be used for insulation.

[0082] Alternatively, "high-temperature resistant polyimide insulating tape" can be used, or adhesive can be added to one or both sides. During the winding process, the ultra-flat conductor and the insulation layer can be bonded together to form a positioning effect. Once the winding is completed, sufficient friction will be generated due to the mutual pressing force to assist in positioning.

[0083] Using the above materials to manufacture insulating strips and isolation plates will greatly improve the high temperature resistance of motor windings. If used in induction asynchronous motors or switched reluctance motors without permanent magnet materials, there will be almost no temperature constraints inside the motor. There is basically no need to deliberately consider the high temperature characteristics of the motor, or even the problem of motor heat dissipation and active cooling. At the same time, the rated current and maximum current range of the motor can be greatly expanded, improving the power density and overload capacity of the motor! Reducing the size and weight of the motor; and increasing the upper limit of the motor's temperature will also improve the motor's natural cooling performance, as the greater the temperature gradient, the higher the heat transfer efficiency; this idea can also be used to intentionally concentrate the motor's heat-generating area, increasing the local temperature of the motor under the same heat conditions, and improving the heat transfer characteristics. This characteristic can be used to preheat the winter heating air of electric vehicles, achieving reasonable energy recovery and utilization; or, a significant increase in the local temperature of the motor can also upgrade it to a steam generation chamber, causing a change in the physical state of the heat transfer medium, such as vaporizing water into steam, which can construct a heat engine function, directly converting this preheating into mechanical energy, and further converting it into electrical energy recovery, for example, introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam into a steam engine, steam turbine, or turbine to convert it into mechanical energy and drive the motor to generate electricity for secondary electrical energy recovery and utilization.

[0084] Of course, to prevent rusting, the bare copper strip and insulating material can be wound together in parallel and then encapsulated and potted as a whole.

[0085] In addition, depending on the cross-sectional area of ​​the ultra-flat wire and the requirements of its conduction, excitation, and electromagnetic characteristics, different windings of the ultra-flat wire can be connected in series or parallel to change their resistance, electromagnetic characteristics, and excitation characteristics.

[0086] Figure 10 , three Schematic diagram of a three-phase wave three-disc type one-disc one-phase full-slot serpentine winding motor structure

[0087] Figure 16 , three A schematic diagram of the principle of a three-phase wave three-disc type one-phase full-slot serpentine winding (the top, middle, and bottom each represent one disc and one phase); (three-wire three-phase wave means: three-phase alternating current with a phase difference of 120°)

[0088] Figure 31 , three A schematic diagram of a three-phase wave motor with three-disc windings, one disc per phase, full-slot design, and ultra-flat wire windings. If using the currently common three-phase AC power supply, a three-disc type can be adopted, such as... Figure 10 , 16 As shown, each relatively independent iron core contains only one phase winding, and the winding adopts a full-slot serpentine winding routing scheme, which can be found in [reference]. Figure 16 The top and bottom represent the winding relationship of one phase of one of the three plates, combined with... Figure 10 , Figure 16Clearly, the magnetic poles of the three disks exhibit a spatial angle phase synchronization complementary relationship, which enables the three disks to achieve a continuous and stable torque and speed output effect with torque complementarity.

[0089] like Figure 10 The current connection ports A, B, and C in the diagram can be connected to the corresponding terminals as follows: Figure 23 The A, B, and C phase currents are specified. Alternatively, a single-phase, full-slot serpentine winding routing scheme can also employ a cross-slot routing scheme; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 28 In short, the adjacent slots should be in a relationship of opposite magnetic poles; for small motors with a high number of magnetic poles, this is beneficial for setting up the forming and bending process of the electromagnetic wire.

[0090] Note: The winding routing process described in this article can also be achieved using a hairpin forming assembly and welding process.

[0091] like Figure 31 As shown, the three-wire three-phase wave three-disc type one-disc one-phase full-slot dragon-shaped ultra-flat wire winding motor consists of three disks A, B, and C and its rotor. The tooth and slot poles of the three-phase windings are axially aligned, but their respective rotor magnetic poles are arranged according to the phase difference misalignment principle of the three-phase wave to ensure continuous and stable operation of the power flow.

[0092] Note: For clarity of illustration, Figure 29 , 30 The stator and rotor air gap is enlarged with a 31-slot design, but in actual use, the air gap is very small to ensure high motor efficiency. This illustration uses a 32-slot pole configuration, but in practical applications, other slot numbers and pole pairs are possible.

[0093] Figures 17-18 Schematic diagram and exploded view of a three-wire, four-phase, non-differential, dual-disc, equal-pole common-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0094] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the left and right disc cross-sections of a three-wire four-phase non-differential dual-disc equal-pole common-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor, wiring diagram of capacitor phase splitting principle, and schematic diagram of sprocket drive explanation.

[0095] Its core magnetic pole structure is a claw-shaped magnetic pole, consisting of two claw-shaped magnetic poles alternately wrapped around the excitation winding. The claw poles are made of a material with high magnetic permeability. After the two halves are assembled, they form NSNS... phased magnetic poles on the outer circumference of the stator. In order to ensure the magnetic induction intensity on the claw poles, the cross-sectional area of ​​the winding center region should be as equal as possible to the product of the effective magnetic flux area of ​​the claw pole and the claw pole, effectively optimizing the optimal power density design. Its related working principle can also refer to the corresponding content of the prior application "202211411199.8 High power density dual-disc permanent magnet synchronous motor and design method" and "Non-differential disc type equal pole common winding permanent magnet synchronous motor and design method".

[0096] Combination Figure 17 ,18 19 can clearly demonstrate the internal structure and working principle of this type of motor, and Figure 9 , 15 The characteristics shown are similar, and it also has the feature of one plate per phase. Figure 19 The left and right dual-disc structure and spatial phase arrangement were demonstrated; combined with Figure 17 , 18 As can be seen in Figure 19, the stator magnetic poles of the two discs (shown in the figure as the outer rotor structure, which is a permanent magnet outer rotor) exhibit a complementary spatial angle relationship, which enables the two discs to achieve a continuous and stable torque and speed output effect with torque complementarity. Note: The disc-type design described in this patent basically adopts a concentric fixed connection between the rotors of different discs.

[0097] The phase difference between the currents of each phase in its dual-disk configuration is 90 degrees, forming a three-wire, four-phase wave configuration. Generally, a two-phase AC current with a 90-degree phase difference can be generated by a generator with a 90-degree phase difference; alternatively, a two-phase AC current with a 90-degree phase difference can be modulated using an inverter, frequency converter, or other modulation methods and directly connected to the motor using a three-wire transmission method with a common neutral wire and two live wires. Figure 19 The current connection ports O, A, and B in the diagram can be connected to the corresponding terminals as follows: Figure 21 , 22 The O, A, and B currents in the middle;

[0098] Figure 19 The diagram also shows the principle and wiring diagram of capacitor phase splitting. Note: Capacitor phase splitting is used here, with a phase difference leading by 90 degrees. If inductor phase splitting is used, it can also be a scheme similar to the shaded pole short-circuit ring and short-circuit winding used in single-phase AC motors.

[0099] Alternatively, an alternating current with a 90-degree phase difference can be generated using a capacitor or inductor phase splitting method, and then a 4-phase wave can be constructed using a symmetrical waveform generation method with reverse wiring; if the capacitor and inductor phase splitting scheme is used, ordinary household single-phase alternating current can be used for power supply.

[0100] Technological extension: If the capacitor or inductor phase splitting method is feasible and mature, single-line power transmission can replace three-phase power transmission.

[0101] Note: Figure 19 Another solution is to align the phases of different disc windings while misaligning the rotor poles of different discs, which can also achieve the effect of torque complementarity and continuous and stable output of torque and speed.

[0102] The claw-pole common winding scheme is no longer constrained by the winding size and can be further subdivided, which is conducive to improving power density. At the same time, it simplifies the winding wiring process. The end-less winding has almost no additional leakage flux, which improves the electromechanical conversion efficiency and reduces costs.

[0103] Furthermore, the core design of the claw-pole common winding scheme differs from that of traditional motor schemes. Reference can be made to prior applications. The attached diagram discloses a central core design scheme that can effectively suppress the generation of eddy currents. Figure 19 The parts numbered 20 and 21 are concentric or wound iron cores. First, a very thin concentric iron core is nested or a thin iron core is wound into a cylindrical shape. Then, several eddy current blocking grooves 21 are opened radially to block eddy currents. As shown in the figure, there are 4 blocking grooves. It can also be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., natural number of blocking grooves.

[0104] Furthermore, the independent discs in the split-disc structure can also be spatially separated. That is, the rotors of the relatively independent discs are not necessarily concentrically fixedly connected (Note: the split-disc type described in this patent basically adopts a concentrically fixed connection between the rotors of different discs). Instead, they are connected by corresponding mechanical transmission chains, such as gears, sprockets and chains, or spatial gears, such as bevel gears. This allows for a more flexible spatial layout of the left and right disc motors, adapting to more occasions. Obviously, this solution can separate the left and right disc motors. In practical applications, two completely independent unidirectional motors can be connected with phase misalignment. By applying AC power with a 90-degree phase difference, excellent power characteristics can be obtained.

[0105] like Figure 19 As shown, a chain 22, a left disc sprocket 23, and a right disc sprocket 24 are used to connect the left and right disc rotors, so that their rotational speed and angle are synchronized. In this way, the left and right discs can be non-coaxial, arranged in parallel, or connected by other spatial mechanical transmission chains to achieve spatial layout.

[0106] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the three-disc cross-sectional structure of a three-wire, three-phase, non-differential, three-disc, equal-pole common-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0107] and Figure 10 , 16 The characteristics shown are similar, and it also has the feature of one plate per phase. Figure 20 The three diagrams (left, middle, and right) each represent one disk and one phase, forming a three-disc structure. The winding poles of the three disks exhibit a spatially angular, phase-synchronized, and complementary relationship, enabling them to provide complementary torque and continuous, stable torque and speed output. Figure 20 The current connection ports A, B, and C in the diagram can be connected to the corresponding terminals as follows: Figure 23 The three-phase alternating currents A, B, and C in the middle.

[0108] Note: The motor described above can also be designed as a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor (see prior application), or it can be: a single dual-rotor motor, a double dual-rotor motor, a triple dual-rotor motor, or a multi-dual-rotor motor; a single dual-rotor motor: one inner rotor and one outer rotor; a double dual-rotor motor: includes two outer rotors or inner rotors rotating in the same direction, such as... Figure 26 , 27 As shown, Figure 26 It includes a single-winding rotor with bidirectional magnetic flux in the middle and a double-magnet rotor in the inner and outer directions. Since the inner and outer double-magnet rotors rotate in the same direction, they can be fixed together. Through the reversing mechanism, they form a counter-rotating double rotor motor with the single-winding rotor in the middle, which can double the power density. Figure 27 This includes a central single-magnet rotor with bidirectional magnetic flux and inner and outer double-winding rotors; similarly, since the inner and outer double-winding rotors rotate in the same direction, they can be fixed together and, through a reversing mechanism, form a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor with the central single-magnet rotor, which can further double the power density; or, according to Figures 20-25 The scheme shown forms a two-sided power flow output architecture with electromagnetic differential torque vector distribution function, and is lightweight and has high power density.

[0109] The above principle also applies to axial flux motors; counter-rotating dual rotor motors; and internal and external dual flux types;

[0110] Axial flux motors can refer to the relevant solutions in the prior application, namely: arranging two or more relatively independent axial flux windings and permanent magnets (or non-permanent magnet current excitation windings) according to the corresponding phase difference angles, and controlling them according to the complementary waveform relationship, can achieve the same effect. Since the axial force of the axial flux motor is very large, it is basically used in the form of double disks or multiple disks to balance the axial force. Moreover, the axial flux motor has the characteristic of short axial dimension. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use the double disk or multiple disk scheme described in this patent application to design a compact high power density motor.

[0111] It can be a single-rotor or dual-rotor motor, as well as a dual-rotor motor with magnetic flux on both sides and a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor.

[0112] Its electromagnetic wires can be round or flat; the current waveform can be: square wave, square wave + composite wave, or sine wave;

[0113] Regarding the method of introducing rotor winding current from the outside for dual-rotor motors, please refer to the prior applications (202211030428.1 Dual-rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports, 202211098410.5 Constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing method) and the related solutions below.

[0114] The above solution can also be used for conventional single-rotor motors, such as replacing existing brushless or brushed solutions.

[0115] Note: The above solution applies to all types of electric motors and generators, including asynchronous motors, synchronous motors, brushless motors, brushed motors, induction motors, permanent magnet motors, switched reluctance motors, etc.

[0116] The three-phase wires mentioned above can be the input / output harness terminals of a three-phase motor, a three-phase induction asynchronous motor, a brushless DC motor, or a permanent magnet synchronous motor.

[0117] Alternatively, the dynamic and static port connection method described in this article can also be a sliding brush method, or a sliding carbon brush solution that is easy to replace.

[0118] Note: The terms for dynamic and static physical ports used in this article are relative and interchangeable in practice. The terms for inner and outer rotors are relative and have interactive mechanical properties, and they can be used interchangeably as inner and outer rotors.

[0119] For the sake of simplicity, the diagram has few lines and is not drawn according to standard engineering drawings. It is only used to illustrate the principle. The content can be accurately identified by referring to the accompanying diagrams in context.

[0120] Note:

[0121] The part numbering in the attached drawings uses the same numbering for common parts in different drawings, while different numbering is used for related equivalent functional parts in specific drawings. This is entirely to help the instruction manual to more clearly and accurately describe their working principles.

[0122] All design ideas, structures, methods, and theories presented in this document can be used to guide design. The technical content disclosed in its design theories, methods, implementation models, structures, schematic diagrams, structural diagrams, simplified diagrams, mechanism diagrams, and specific embodiments can be used to design and manufacture various types of engine devices. The implementation mechanisms listed in this patent are typical examples; not all specific facility schemes and mechanism types are listed here. Any cross-reorganization, mutual reference, combination, or arrangement of design theories, ideas, methods, models, mechanisms, or components disclosed in this document, as well as various application examples of this technical category, fall within the scope of this intellectual property protection. Any unauthorized use of these principles in design or application constitutes infringement. For example, the relevant design theories and methods are applicable to traditional electric motors, generators, and other similar power sources.

[0123] The purpose of the accompanying drawings in this patent is solely to concisely illustrate the concept and principle of the patent's facilities. The aim is to clearly represent the patent's disclosed content with a minimal number of drawings, explicitly expressing key structural elements. A "combination of detailed and concise" approach is adopted, using a combination of simplified and detailed diagrams. Furthermore, to reduce the number of drawings, similar structures are not shown in other directional views, sectional views, or enlarged details. Standard parts, general-purpose parts, and components without specific meaning or dedicated function are given uniform names and part numbers across different drawings for greater clarity. Please refer to the drawings for cross-referencing.

Claims

1. A high-density pole-pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method, including motor windings, permanent magnets, and housing, characterized by: The motor described in this paper primarily uses four-phase AC power as its power source, with a phase difference of 90 degrees, resulting in higher power density. Since the four-phase waveforms are symmetrical pairwise, current transmission only requires two phases, allowing for a common terminal and the use of only three wires. For windings with a phase difference of 180 degrees, only reverse connection of the circuit is needed. For the corresponding ABCD four-phase wave winding, only two windings need to be reversed to form the four-phase wave; that is, A and C; B and D are reverse connections of the same winding. Alternatively, a specific winding wiring method can significantly increase the pole pair distribution density, further improving torque capacity and power density.

2. The high-density pole-pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Its principle applies to most types of motors, including DC motors, AC motors such as permanent magnet motors and switched reluctance motors, as well as induction motors and hysteresis motors. The input current waveform of the motor can be: when the motor is transformed into an engine, the induced current waveform generated by driving the motor windings with stable torque at a constant speed can guide the design of its control current waveform. In other words, if the control current waveform of any motor is the same as the current waveform generated when the motor is driven to rotate with constant torque and constant angular velocity as a generator, then the output torque of the motor as a motor must be constant. This method can be called the "energy reverse measurement simulation method" and can be used as a guide for optimizing the control current waveform of a motor. It is applicable to any type of motor.

3. The high-density pole-pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stator is an 8-pole, 32-slot stator, and the rotor is a V-type radial 8-pole permanent magnet rotor; the three-wire, four-phase wave scheme corresponds to two rotor magnetic poles in each cycle of the magnetic field unit, and the rotor has 8 poles. The stator winding can be single-layer or multi-layer, and its electromagnetic wire enameled wire can be round wire or flat wire, or it can be a multi-layer, multi-turn structure; Its winding can be a local loop winding routing scheme; or a unidirectional large loop winding routing scheme. Alternatively, it can be a one-phase two-slot layout scheme, that is: the number of slots occupied by each cycle magnetic field unit is 2x4=8; each phase occupies two adjacent slots; or it can also occupy 3 slots, that is: one-phase three-slot layout, and for four-phase wave current, the number of slots occupied by each cycle magnetic field unit is 3x4=12. Alternatively, it can be a one-phase-one-slot layout structure, in which adjacent windings of the same phase are not distributed in two or three adjacent iron core slots, but are arranged in the same slot in layers, so as to reduce the included angle occupied by the windings in the circumferential space, increase the number of magnetic pole pairs in the circumference, and improve the torque capacity. That is: for four-phase current, the number of slots occupied by the magnetic field unit in each cycle is 1x4=4; each phase occupies 1 slot; for the same number or length of windings, the number of slots occupied is reduced by half, which can double the number of rotor magnetic pole density designs, providing torque capacity and power density. Alternatively, it could be: a schematic diagram of a single-phase, single-slot, single-layer, three-wire, four-phase wave winding, type A. Alternatively, it could be: a schematic diagram of a single-phase, single-slot, single-layer, three-wire, four-phase wave winding, type B. Alternatively, it can be a single-phase, single-slot, single-layer, three-wire, three-phase wave winding structure. The above principle also applies to existing three-phase AC motors. By reducing the number of slots occupied by each magnetic field unit, more independent cycles of rotating magnetic fields can be designed within the same iron core circumference, thereby increasing the pole pair density of the rotor permanent magnet and improving the power density. Similarly, a six-phase sine wave can be obtained by connecting the three-phase sine wave in both forward and reverse directions. Alternatively, a square wave can be used, such as a four-phase square wave; it can also be used in switched reluctance motors. Alternatively, it can be a four-phase sine wave; specifically, it requires 5 wires to conduct its four phases, with one common wire; its phase difference is 45 degrees, which can further improve torque stability and power density; by using forward and reverse wiring according to the above principle, an eight-phase sine wave can be obtained. Alternatively, it can be described as: a three-wire four-phase wave double-disc type one-disc one-phase full-slot serpentine winding motor structure, which adopts a disc design concept, that is: each relatively independent iron core has only one phase winding, the winding adopts a full-slot serpentine winding routing scheme, and the upper and lower parts represent the routing relationship of one phase winding in the double disc. The magnetic poles of the windings of the two discs present a spatial angle complementary relationship, which can enable the double disc to present torque complementary continuous and stable output torque and speed. Alternatively, a three-wire four-phase wave double-disc type one-disc one-phase full-slot type dragon-shaped ultra-flat wire winding motor structure can be adopted. The phase difference between the currents of each phase in its two disks is 90 degrees, which is a three-wire four-phase wave configuration; under normal circumstances, two-phase alternating current with a phase difference of 90 degrees can be generated by a generator with a phase difference of 90 degrees. Alternatively: Use an inverter, frequency converter or other modulation method to generate a two-phase AC power with a phase difference of 90 degrees, and directly connect it to the motor according to the three-wire power transmission method with a common neutral wire and two live wires. As shown in Figure 9, the current connection ports O, A, and B can be connected to the currents O, A, and B in Figures 21 and 22 respectively. C and D can be generated by reversing the wiring of the A and B windings respectively. Figure 9 shows both the capacitor phase splitting principle and the wiring diagram. Note: Capacitor phase splitting is used here, with a phase difference leading by 90 degrees; if inductor phase splitting is used, inductor phase splitting can also be a scheme similar to the shaded pole short-circuit ring and short-circuit winding used in single-phase AC motors. Alternatively, an alternating current with a 90-degree phase difference can be generated using a capacitor or inductor phase splitting method, and then a 4-phase wave can be constructed using a symmetrical waveform generation method with reverse wiring; if the capacitor and inductor phase splitting scheme is used, ordinary household single-phase AC power can be used for power supply. Technical extension: NSNS... phase-separated magnetic poles are formed on the outer circumference of the stator; Alternatively, different disk windings can be aligned in phase, while the rotor poles of different disks are misaligned, which can also achieve the effect of torque complementarity and continuous and stable output of torque and speed. Alternatively, it could be a three-wire, three-phase, three-disc, one-disc, one-phase, full-slot serpentine winding motor structure. Alternatively, it could be described as: a three-wire, three-phase, three-disc, one-disc, one-phase, full-slot, dragon-shaped, ultra-flat wire winding motor structure. Using the commonly used three-phase AC power supply, a three-disc type can be adopted. Each independent iron core contains only one phase winding, and the winding adopts a full-slot serpentine winding routing scheme, as shown in Figure 16. The upper and lower figures represent the routing relationship of one phase winding in each of the three discs. Combining Figures 10 and 16, it is clear that the magnetic poles of the windings of the three discs have a spatial angle phase synchronous complementary relationship, which can enable the three discs to exhibit torque complementarity and continuous stable output torque and speed. As shown in Figure 10, the current connection ports A, B, and C can be connected to the three-phase currents A, B, and C as shown in Figure 23. Alternatively: a single-phase full-slot serpentine winding routing scheme can also be adopted, which can be a cross-slot routing scheme. In short, the adjacent slots should be in a relationship of opposite magnetic poles. The three-wire, three-phase, three-disc, one-disc, one-phase, full-slot, dragon-shaped ultra-flat wire winding motor consists of three disc windings (A, B, and C) and their rotor. The tooth slot poles of the three-phase windings are axially aligned, but their corresponding rotor magnetic poles are arranged according to the phase difference misalignment principle of the three-phase waves to ensure continuous and stable power flow. This illustration uses 32 slot poles, but in practical applications, other tooth slot numbers and pole pairs can be used.

4. The high-density pole-pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Its structure is as follows: a three-wire four-phase non-differential double-disc type equal-pole common winding permanent magnet synchronous motor structure; its core magnetic pole structure is a claw-shaped magnetic pole, with two claw-shaped magnetic poles alternately wrapped around the excitation winding. The claw poles are made of a material with high magnetic permeability. After the two halves are assembled together, they form NSNS... phase-alternating magnetic poles on the outer circumference of the stator. In order to ensure the magnetic induction intensity on the claw poles, the cross-sectional area of ​​the winding center area should be as equal as possible to the product of the effective magnetic flux area of ​​the claw pole and the claw pole, effectively optimizing the optimal power density design; it also has the characteristic of one disk per phase. Figure 19 shows the left and right double disk structure and spatial phase arrangement relationship; combined with Figures 17, 18 and 19, it is clear that the stator magnetic poles of the two disks (shown in the figure as the outer rotor structure, which is a permanent magnet outer rotor) present a spatial angle complementary relationship, which can make the double disks present a torque complementary continuous and stable output torque and speed effect; Note: The disc-type design described in this patent basically adopts a concentric fixed connection between rotors of different discs; The phase difference between the currents of each phase in its two disks is 90 degrees, which is a three-wire four-phase wave configuration; under normal circumstances, two-phase alternating current with a phase difference of 90 degrees can be generated by a generator with a phase difference of 90 degrees. Alternatively: Use an inverter, frequency converter or other modulation method to generate a two-phase AC power with a phase difference of 90 degrees, and directly connect it to the motor according to the three-wire power transmission method with a common neutral wire and two live wires. As shown in Figure 19, the current connection ports O, A, and B can be connected to the currents O, A, and B in Figures 21 and 22 respectively. Figure 19 shows both the capacitor phase splitting principle and the wiring diagram. Note: Capacitor phase splitting is used here, with a phase difference leading by 90 degrees; if inductor phase splitting is used, inductor phase splitting can also be a scheme similar to the shaded pole short-circuit ring and short-circuit winding used in single-phase AC motors. Alternatively, an alternating current with a 90-degree phase difference can be generated using a capacitor or inductor phase splitting method, and then a 4-phase wave can be constructed using a symmetrical waveform generation method with reverse wiring; if the capacitor and inductor phase splitting scheme is used, ordinary household single-phase AC power can be used for power supply. Alternatively, different disk windings can be aligned in phase, while the rotor poles of different disks are misaligned, which can also achieve the effect of torque complementarity and continuous and stable output of torque and speed. The claw-pole common winding scheme is no longer constrained by the winding size and can be further subdivided, which is conducive to improving power density. At the same time, it simplifies the winding wiring process. The end-less winding has almost no additional leakage flux, which improves the electromechanical conversion efficiency and reduces costs. Alternatively: A central core design can be adopted to effectively suppress the generation of eddy currents. The core is a concentric circle or a wound core. First, a very thin concentric circle core is nested or a thin sheet core is wound into a cylindrical shape. Then, several eddy current blocking grooves 21 are opened radially to block eddy currents. As shown in the figure, four blocking grooves are opened. Alternatively, there can be a natural number of blocking grooves such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. Alternatively, the independent discs in a split-disc structure can also be spatially separated. That is, the rotors of the relatively independent discs are not necessarily concentrically fixed (Note: the split-disc type described in this patent basically adopts a concentric fixed connection between the rotors of different discs). Instead, they are connected by corresponding mechanical transmission chains, such as gears, sprockets and chains, or spatial gears, such as bevel gears. This allows for a more flexible spatial layout of the left and right disc motors, adapting to more occasions. Obviously, this solution can separate the left and right disc motors. In practical applications, two completely independent unidirectional motors can be connected with phase misalignment. By applying AC power with a 90-degree phase difference, excellent power characteristics can be obtained. Chain 22, left disc sprocket 23, and right disc sprocket 24 are used to connect the left and right disc rotors, so that their rotation speed and rotation angle are synchronized. In this way, the left and right discs can be non-coaxial and arranged in parallel, or other spatial mechanical transmission chains can be used to connect them to achieve spatial layout. Alternatively, its structure is: a three-wire, three-phase, non-differential, three-disc, equal-pole common-winding permanent magnet synchronous motor structure, which also has the characteristic of one disc per phase, and is a three-disc structure. The winding magnetic poles of the three discs present a spatial angle phase synchronous complementary relationship, which can make the three discs present a torque complementary continuous and stable output torque and speed effect; as shown in Figure 20, the current connection ports A, B, and C can be connected to the three-phase AC current A, B, and C as shown in Figure 23.

5. The high-density pole-pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor described above can also be designed as a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor, or it can be: a single dual-rotor motor, a double dual-rotor motor, a triple dual-rotor motor, or a multi-dual-rotor motor; a single dual-rotor motor: one inner rotor and one outer rotor; a double dual-rotor motor: includes two outer rotors or inner rotors rotating in the same direction, including a middle single-winding rotor with bidirectional magnetic flux and inner and outer double-magnet rotors. Since the inner and outer double-magnet rotors rotate in the same direction, they can be fixed together and form a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor with the middle single-winding rotor through a reversing mechanism, which can double the power density; including a middle single-magnet rotor with bidirectional magnetic flux and inner and outer double-winding rotors; similarly: since the inner and outer double-winding rotors rotate in the same direction, they can be fixed together and form a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor with the middle single-magnet rotor through a reversing mechanism, which can double the power density; or, according to the schemes shown in Figures 20-25, a two-sided power flow output architecture is formed, which has electromagnetic differential torque vector distribution function, light weight and high power density; The above principle also applies to axial flux motors; counter-rotating dual rotor motors; and internal and external dual flux types; Axial flux motors can refer to the relevant solutions in the prior application, namely: arranging two or more relatively independent axial flux windings and permanent magnets (or non-permanent magnet current excitation windings) according to the corresponding phase difference angles, and controlling them according to the complementary waveform relationship, can achieve the same effect. Since the axial force of the axial flux motor is very large, it is basically used in the form of double disks or multiple disks to balance the axial force. Moreover, the axial flux motor has the characteristic of short axial dimension. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use the double disk or multiple disk scheme described in this patent application to design a compact high power density motor. It can be a single-rotor or dual-rotor motor, as well as a dual-rotor motor with magnetic flux on both sides and a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor. Its electromagnetic wires can be round or flat; the current waveform can be: square wave, square wave + composite wave, or sine wave; Regarding the method of introducing rotor winding current from the outside for dual-rotor motors, please refer to the prior applications (202211030428.1 Dual-rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports, 202211098410.5 Constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing method) and the related solutions below; The above solution can also be used for conventional single-rotor motors, such as replacing existing brushless solutions and brushed solutions; Note: The above solution applies to all types of electric motors and generators, including asynchronous motors, synchronous motors, brushless motors, brushed motors, induction motors, permanent magnet motors, switched reluctance motors, etc. The three-phase wires mentioned above can be the input / output harness terminals of a three-phase motor, a three-phase induction asynchronous motor, a brushless DC motor, or a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Alternatively, the dynamic and static port connection method described in this article can also be a sliding brush method, or a sliding carbon brush solution that is easy to replace; Note: The terms used for the dynamic and static physical ports in this article are relative and interchangeable in practice. The terms for inner and outer rotors are relative and have interactive mechanical properties, and they can be used interchangeably as inner and outer rotors.

6. The high-density pole-pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The above solutions can all be commutator type, brushless type, external rotor type, bidirectional flux type, and counter-rotating dual rotor type (with a reversing mechanism added). For relevant information, please refer to the prior application. This application uses a reluctance motor as an example to illustrate its working principle, but this principle is also applicable to other types of motors. Innovative improvement schemes for other types of motors using this principle are all within the scope of protection of this patent. It can also be a DC brushed type, without a controller, which offers better cost performance; please refer to the relevant documents for brushed switched reluctance motors. Using graphite roller brushes will result in a virtually unlimited lifespan, require no maintenance, and the graphite needles will not be electrolytically corroded. It can be brushless, low-end brushed, and can recover energy. It can also use load damping control, eliminate the frequency converter, and use load + transmission control. The addition of the transmission consumes almost no energy because its mechanical efficiency is close to that of direct drive. This dual-disc motor principle also applies to axial flux motors; counter-rotating dual-rotor motors; and internal and external dual flux types. Axial flux motors can refer to the relevant solutions in the prior application, namely: arranging two or more relatively independent axial flux windings and permanent magnets (or non-permanent magnet current excitation windings) according to the corresponding phase difference angles, and controlling them according to the complementary waveform relationship, can achieve the same effect. Since the axial force of the axial flux motor is very large, it is basically used in the form of double disks or multiple disks to balance the axial force. Moreover, the axial flux motor has the characteristic of short axial dimension. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use the double disk or multiple disk scheme described in this patent application to design a compact high power density motor. It can be a single-rotor or dual-rotor motor, as well as a dual-rotor motor with magnetic flux on both sides and a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor. Its electromagnetic wires can be round or flat; the current waveform can be: square wave, square wave + composite wave, or sine wave; Regarding the method of introducing rotor winding current from the outside for dual-rotor motors, please refer to the prior applications (202211030428.1 Dual-rotor motor current dynamic and static physical ports, 202211098410.5 Constant reluctance rotary transformer and core design and manufacturing method) and related solutions below; The above solution can also be used for conventional single-rotor motors, such as replacing existing brushless solutions and brushed solutions; Note: The above solution applies to all types of electric motors and generators, including asynchronous motors, synchronous motors, brushless motors, brushed motors, induction motors, permanent magnet motors, switched reluctance motors, etc. The three-phase wires mentioned above can be the input / output harness terminals of a three-phase motor, a three-phase induction asynchronous motor, a brushless DC motor, or a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Alternatively, the dynamic and static port connection method described in this article can also be a sliding brush method, or a sliding carbon brush solution that is easy to replace; Note: The terms used for the dynamic and static physical ports in this article are relative and interchangeable in practice. The terms for inner and outer rotors are relative and have interactive mechanical properties, and they can be used interchangeably as inner and outer rotors.

7. The high-density pole-pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The above solutions can all be commutator type, brushless type, external rotor type, bidirectional flux type, and counter-rotating dual rotor type (with a reversing mechanism added). For relevant information, please refer to the prior application. This principle also applies to other types of motors; Alternatively, the load damping control method can be used to eliminate the frequency converter and control the load and transmission. The addition of the transmission consumes almost no energy because its mechanical efficiency is close to that of direct drive. This dual-disc motor principle also applies to axial flux motors; counter-rotating dual-rotor motors; and internal and external dual flux types. Alternatively, an axial flux motor can be made by arranging two or more relatively independent axial flux windings and permanent magnets (or non-permanent magnet current excitation windings) according to the corresponding phase difference angles and controlling them according to complementary waveform relationships, which can achieve the same effect. Since the axial force of the axial flux motor is very large, it is basically used in the form of double disks or multiple disks to balance the axial force. Moreover, the axial flux motor has the characteristic of short axial dimension. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use the double disk or multiple disk scheme described in this patent application to design a compact high power density motor. Alternatively, it can be a single-rotor or dual-rotor motor, as well as a dual-rotor motor with magnetic flux on both sides and a counter-rotating dual-rotor motor; Its electromagnetic wires can be round or flat; the current waveform can be: square wave, square wave + composite wave, or sine wave; To further stabilize torque and reduce vibration and noise, the non-winding side core or the winding side core can be designed with a skewed slot structure. Alternatively, the iron core poles can be boot-shaped, salient, or salient to maximize the magnetic flux area within a limited space, or a full-core layout can be used. Alternatively, it can be used in conventional single-rotor motors, such as replacing existing brushless or brushed solutions; The above solution is applicable to all types of electric motors and generators, including asynchronous motors, synchronous motors, brushless motors, brushed motors, induction motors, permanent magnet motors, switched reluctance motors, etc. The three-phase wires mentioned above can be the input / output harness terminals of a three-phase motor, a three-phase induction asynchronous motor, a brushless DC motor, or a permanent magnet synchronous motor. Alternatively, the dynamic and static port connection method described in this article can also be a sliding brush method, or a sliding carbon brush solution that is easy to replace; Alternatively, in an axial flux motor, the magnets on both sides are arranged in an asymmetrical manner with unbalanced axial force. The axial force is different when the magnetic reluctance changes. However, as long as it can be kept as a unidirectional axial force, there will only be changes in the axial stress of the bearing, but there will be no back-and-forth vibration, thus reducing vibration and noise. Alternatively: the above-mentioned motor windings can also be assembled and welded using a hairpin forming process.

8. The high-density pole-pair number three-wire four-phase wave permanent magnet synchronous motor and its design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The winding adopts ultra-flat wire winding and is formed by an integrated dragon-shaped wiring method. The specific wiring principle diagram is shown in Figure 15. It can give full play to the advantages of ultra-flat wire, and can integrate multiple layers of ultra-flat wire into the stator slot in one go. The winding is formed by a dragon-shaped wiring method, which can greatly reduce the axial dimension of the end winding and can also participate in the excitation effect, thus becoming an effective winding. The A and B phases are set up in separate disks according to the principle of one phase per disk, and each disk is an independent phase winding. As shown in the figure, the tooth and cog poles of the A and B phase windings are axially aligned, but their corresponding rotor magnetic poles are arranged according to the phase difference misalignment principle of two-phase or four-phase waves to ensure continuous and stable operation of power flow. The ultra-flat wire assembly 32 consists of an ultra-flat wire 36 and an ultra-flat wire insulation layer 33, wherein the ultra-flat wire insulation layer is made of high-temperature resistant insulation material. The ultra-flat wire is made of ultra-flat copper or aluminum strip or other conductors with a large aspect ratio, which can significantly optimize the skin effect of current flat wires, and has good high temperature resistance, good thermal conductivity, and is easy to manufacture and assemble; the inner wall of the ultra-flat wire groove 34 has an insulating protective layer 35. The general structure is as follows: conductors in different layers are separated by an insulating layer, and conductors in the same layer are physically separated by insulation. Since conductors in the same layer are usually connected in parallel, the voltage between adjacent conductors is zero, so only a very small distance is needed to ensure reliable insulation. The ultra-flat wire proposed in this application generally refers to an ultra-flat wire cross-section structure with a large aspect ratio (generally exceeding 3 times), making the flat wire as flexible as conventional round wire. It also employs the common winding scheme described in the prior application, achieving physical geometric separation between the winding and the magnetic poles. This allows for the use of a winding process, eliminating end windings and achieving a winding utilization rate close to 100%. It is also more suitable for high-speed operation, with a simple forming process and higher slot fill factor, expanding the utilization rate of the motor's central area. Furthermore, the winding's working principle is a bidirectional magnetic flux type, doubling the effective working cross-section of the magnetic circuit flux and increasing power density. Additionally, the winding process allows the flat wire to be made into a copper strip similar to tin foil, with a thickness of less than 0.1 mm, significantly improving the skin effect of the electromagnetic winding copper strip, increasing motor efficiency and heat dissipation. Due to the thin copper strip, heat is almost directly conducted and dissipated to the outside. Combined with the ability to use an axial ventilation structure, this allows the cooling medium to... (Air, water, or oil) Through the gaps in this copper strip winding, heat dissipation is excellent, and the contact area between the copper strip and the outside world or with each other is larger, resulting in better thermal conductivity and rigidity, making it suitable for high-speed operation. Furthermore, a parallel winding scheme can be used, combining bare copper strips without surface insulation with insulating materials. After winding, the insulating material and bare copper strip form an insulating relationship. This reduces the cost of the magnet wire, significantly increases the yield, and further simplifies the process. More importantly, the separation of the bare copper strip and the insulating material greatly simplifies the selection of insulating materials. Various high-temperature resistant materials can be used, such as: polytetrafluoroethylene (engineering plastic), silicone rubber, fluororubber; special ceramics: alumina, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, hexagonal boron nitride, cubic boron nitride, refractory cement, magnesia bricks (these generally have temperature resistance exceeding 1000 degrees Celsius); mica, quartz, and other silica materials; or high-temperature resistant glass fiber and other materials can be used for insulation. Alternatively, "high-temperature resistant polyimide insulating tape" can be used, or adhesive can be added to one or both sides. During the winding process, this allows the ultra-flat conductors and the insulation layer to adhere together, forming a positioning effect. Once winding is complete, the mutual clamping force generates sufficient friction to assist in positioning. Using the above materials to manufacture insulating tapes and insulating plates will significantly improve the high-temperature resistance of the motor windings. If used in induction asynchronous motors or switched reluctance motors without permanent magnet materials, there is almost no temperature constraint inside the motor, and there is basically no need to deliberately consider the high-temperature characteristics of the motor, or even the issues of motor heat dissipation and active cooling. At the same time, the rated current and maximum current range of the motor can be greatly expanded, increasing the motor's power density and overload capacity! Reducing the size and weight of the motor; and increasing the upper limit of the motor's temperature will also improve the motor's natural cooling performance, as the greater the temperature gradient, the higher the heat transfer efficiency; this idea can also be used to intentionally concentrate the motor's heat-generating area, increasing the local temperature of the motor under the same heat conditions, and improving the heat transfer characteristics. This characteristic can be used to preheat the winter heating air of electric vehicles, achieving reasonable energy recovery and utilization; or, a significant increase in the local temperature of the motor can also upgrade it to a steam generation chamber, causing a change in the physical state of the heat transfer medium, such as vaporizing water into steam, which can construct a heat engine function, directly converting this preheating into mechanical energy, and further converting it into electrical energy recovery, for example, introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam into a steam engine, steam turbine, or turbine to convert it into mechanical energy and drive the motor to generate electricity for secondary electrical energy recovery and utilization; Of course, to prevent rusting, the bare copper strip and insulating material can be wound together in parallel and then encapsulated and potted as a whole. In addition, depending on the cross-sectional area of ​​the ultra-flat wire and the requirements of its conduction, excitation, and electromagnetic characteristics, different windings of the ultra-flat wire can be electrically connected in series or parallel to change its resistance, electromagnetic characteristics, and excitation characteristics.

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