Color photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention relates to a colored photovoltaic module, which comprises front plate glass, a colored layer firmly bonded with the front plate glass, a first encapsulation layer firmly fused with a free surface of the colored layer, a battery array firmly bonded with a free surface of the first encapsulation layer, and a second encapsulation layer firmly bonded with a free surface of the battery array, the back plate is firmly bonded with a free surface of the second packaging layer; the thickness of the color layer ranges from 5 micrometers to 50 micrometers. When the light transmittance of the color layer is smaller than 78%, the color layer has the optimal color visual angle, so that the range of the optimal color visual angle is the optimal color visual angle range, and the optimal color visual angle range is larger than 40 degrees. Therefore, the color photovoltaic module is more attractive in appearance and higher in generated power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaics and relates to a colored photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy is a renewable and clean energy source that is not limited by geographical location. In recent years, with the development of photovoltaic technology, the cost of photovoltaic power generation has dropped rapidly, and photovoltaic power generation technology has been used on an increasingly wider scale. The demand for the aesthetics and artistry of photovoltaic modules has also increased, leading to the emergence of colored photovoltaic modules.

[0003] There are various ways to add color to photovoltaic modules, such as coloring the anti-reflective coating on the cells, coloring the photoelectric layer, coloring the encapsulating film, and coloring the front glass. For economic and efficiency reasons, most commercially available colored crystalline silicon photovoltaic products currently achieve the desired color on the front glass through printing coatings and glass coating processes. Traditional colored layer glass uses a coating prepared by combining ordinary color-absorbing inorganic pigments with low-melting-point glass powder, giving the glass high hardness and weather resistance. However, the color absorption principle of the selected pigments causes some light energy to be converted into heat energy, resulting in low light energy utilization.

[0004] The prior art disclosed in CN118222143A and CN116716005B selects structural pigments that utilize the principle of interference color rendering, thereby reducing the absorption of light energy by the pigments and improving the light energy utilization rate.

[0005] However, the prior art disclosed in publication number CN118222143A specifically discloses a high weather-resistant and high-transmittance BIPV colored imitation stone coating. The raw materials for its preparation, by weight, include: 25-60 parts of fluorinated hydroxyl acrylic emulsion, 10-60 parts of deionized water, 5-10 parts of polyol, 1-5 parts of dispersant, 0.1-2 parts of cellulose, 1-5 parts of film-forming aid, 0.1-0.3 parts of pH adjuster, 0.1-0.6 parts of defoamer, 2-5 parts of powder, 0.3-0.5 parts of preservative, 5-10 parts of protective colloid aqueous solution, and 0.1-2 parts of structural color pigment. The structural color pigment includes high-transmittance pearlescent pigment. The powder includes kaolin, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide, with a particle size of 1000-4000 mesh. All of these materials have strong light-blocking properties, which are detrimental to the photovoltaic cells' ability to receive light and reduce the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] The prior art disclosed in CN116716005B is a photovoltaic glass panel coating with high water resistance and high light transmittance. The raw materials for its preparation, by weight, are 40-50 parts organic resin, 0.2-0.4 parts nano-colored pigment, 0.2-0.4 parts high-transmittance pearlescent pigment, 5-10 parts co-solvent, 1.5-3 parts thickener, 0.5-1 part coupling agent, 0.5-1 part dispersant, 5-10 parts filler, 0.3-0.5 parts defoamer, 0.2-0.5 parts leveling agent, and 45-50 parts deionized water. The organic resin includes one or more of acrylic dispersions, silicone resins, waterborne amino resins, waterborne polyurethane acrylic resins, and epoxy resins. Although the particle size of nano-colored pigments is close to the wavelength of visible light, whether nano-colored pigments in coatings are transparent depends on the refractive index difference between the nano-colored pigments and organic resins. The greater the refractive index difference, the stronger the light scattering, and the worse the light transmittance of the coating, which will ultimately lead to a reduction in the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0007] It is evident that although existing technologies select structural pigments based on the principle of interference color rendering, they still incorporate inorganic pigments that absorb and render color, such as powders or fillers. When applied to the light-receiving surface of photovoltaic modules, this leads to a reduction in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic modules, resulting in power generation far lower than that of traditional photovoltaic modules, which in turn slows down the promotion of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to solve the problems of the prior art and provide a colored photovoltaic module with a colored light-receiving surface, which has a high optimal color viewing angle and aging resistance.

[0009] This application provides a colored photovoltaic module, the technical solution of which is as follows: including:

[0010] Front glass;

[0011] A colored layer that is firmly bonded to the front glass panel;

[0012] The first encapsulation layer is firmly fused to a free surface of the color layer;

[0013] A battery array firmly bonded to a free surface of the first encapsulation layer;

[0014] A second encapsulation layer that is firmly bonded to one free surface of the battery array;

[0015] And a backplate that is firmly bonded to a free surface of the second encapsulation layer;

[0016] The optimal color viewing angle is achieved when the light transmittance of the color layer is less than 78%. This optimal color viewing angle is the angle between the colored photovoltaic module and the horizontal line. The optimal color viewing angle naturally changes as the colored photovoltaic module is rotated.

[0017] Furthermore, the range of the optimal color viewing angle is the optimal color viewing angle range, meaning the color layer has an optimal color viewing angle range greater than 40°. Specifically, this optimal color viewing angle range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​within the optimal color viewing angle range.

[0018] Furthermore, the thickness of the color layer ranges from 5μm to 50μm.

[0019] Furthermore, the color layer has a single-layer structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the vertical transmittance of the color layer is greater than 80%.

[0021] Furthermore, the colored layer is a VAE film.

[0022] Furthermore, the VA content of the VAE layer is 70%-90%.

[0023] Furthermore, the degree of crosslinking of the color layer is greater than 80%.

[0024] Furthermore, the first encapsulation layer is an EVA film, a POE film, an EP film, or an EPE film.

[0025] Furthermore, the bonding strength between the color layer and the first encapsulation layer is greater than 80 N / cm.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The colored photovoltaic modules provided in this application have a high optimal color viewing angle range, high shading performance, and saturated and glossy colors, making them more aesthetically pleasing. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a colored photovoltaic module structure;

[0029] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the test for optimal color viewing angle.

[0030] Explanation of the attached drawing numbers:

[0031] 11. Front panel glass; 12. Color layer; 13. First encapsulation layer; 14. Cell array; 15. Second encapsulation layer; 16. Back panel; 10. Color photovoltaic module; 20. Light source; 30. Horizontal line of sight; 40. Optimal color viewing angle. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present application will be further described in a non-limiting manner below with reference to the detailed description and accompanying drawings.

[0033] It should be noted that the specific meanings of some technical terms used in this application are as follows:

[0034] VAE: Abbreviation for vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer.

[0035] EVA: The abbreviation for ethylene-ethylene acetate copolymer, which is abbreviated as E in the film layer structure.

[0036] VA content: The amount of vinyl acetate in EVA or VAE molecules.

[0037] POE: Abbreviation for ethylene-α-olefin copolymer; in a narrow sense, it specifically refers to ethylene-butene copolymer or ethylene-octene copolymer, and is abbreviated as P in the film layer structure.

[0038] TOPCon cell: Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cell (TOPCon).

[0039] BC cell: Fully back contact (fully reverse contact) crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell.

[0040] Pearlescent pigments: a type of optical effect pigment, also known as non-metallic pigments with metallic luster because they exhibit a certain metallic sheen. Pearlescent pigments possess the shimmering effect of metallic pigments while also producing the soft luster of natural pearls. When exposed to sunlight, they produce multi-layered reflections, and the interaction of reflected light creates a soft yet dazzling luster and color.

[0041] Optimal viewing angle for color: Structural pigments are optical effect pigments that produce multi-layered reflections when exposed to sunlight. The interaction of reflected light creates a soft yet dazzling luster and color. Therefore, the observed color will vary depending on the angle at which sunlight shines on the surface of a material containing structural pigments (sheets, boards, coatings, etc.). Imagine the material containing structural pigments has a central axis. With the line of sight horizontally aligned with this central axis, rotate the material around this axis under sunlight. The optimal viewing angle for color is when the observed color is sufficiently saturated and details or even the outlines of objects behind the material are no longer visible, or when the transmittance of light perpendicular to the horizontal line is sufficiently low. Pearlescent pigments are a type of structural pigment.

[0042] Optimal color viewing angle range: The range of the optimal color viewing angle, which is the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​in the optimal color viewing angle.

[0043] Vertical transmittance: The transmittance of light when the light source is perpendicular to the test material.

[0044] See Figure 1 This application provides a colored photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0045] Front glass 11;

[0046] A colored layer 12 is firmly bonded to the front glass 11;

[0047] A first encapsulation layer 13 is firmly fused to a free surface of the color layer 12;

[0048] A battery array 14 is firmly bonded to a free surface of the first encapsulation layer 13;

[0049] A second encapsulation layer 15 is firmly bonded to a free surface of the battery array 14;

[0050] And a backplate 16 that is firmly bonded to a free surface of the second encapsulation layer 15;

[0051] The color layer 12 has an optimal color viewing angle 40 when its light transmittance is less than 78%. This optimal color viewing angle 40 is the angle between the color photovoltaic module 10 and the horizontal line 30.

[0052] The range of the optimal color viewing angle 40 is the optimal color viewing angle range, meaning that the color layer 12 has an optimal color viewing angle range greater than 40°. Specifically, this optimal color viewing angle range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​within the optimal color viewing angle 40.

[0053] In the above technical solution, the colored layer 12 is a VAE layer. The VAE layer is formed by curing a VAE emulsion (vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsion) into a film. Due to its high transparency, excellent adhesion, and flexibility, the VAE emulsion is the base resin for the colored layer in this invention. VAE emulsion is not commonly used in commercially available products, and it has never been used in the photovoltaic technology field. Records show that VAE emulsion can be used in varnishes and inks, but due to its tendency to become cloudy after absorbing water, it is usually compounded with acrylic emulsions or polyurethane dispersions to improve water resistance. There are no records of using VAE emulsion alone. In this invention, the VAE layer is sandwiched in the middle. Glass has extremely strong water-blocking properties, so in this invention, the VAE emulsion can be used alone to cure into a film without the need to compound with water-resistant resins such as acrylic emulsions or polyurethane dispersions. This avoids the refractive index difference formed by compounding multiple resins, which enhances light scattering, leading to light loss and ultimately reducing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0054] Preferably, the VA content of the VAE resin in the VAE layer is 70%-90%. VAE emulsions typically have low viscosity, which is beneficial for the dispersion and directional alignment of pearlescent pigments during application, resulting in a uniform pearlescent effect. In particular, a VAE emulsion with a VA content of 70%-90% further facilitates the dispersion and directional alignment of the pearlescent pigments selected in this invention. Furthermore, the VAE layer also includes one or more of pearlescent pigments, light diffusing agents, processing aids, silane coupling agents, or crosslinking agents.

[0055] The aforementioned pearlescent pigments can interfere with light, thus presenting different colors through different combinations, while the same combination presents a unified color rather than a dazzling array of colors. The color presentation is achieved entirely through the interference of light by pearlescent pigments, resulting in varying shades of color depending on the viewing angle. Visually, saturated colors can be observed without noticing the details of the cell array 14 (such as the distribution of grid lines on the cell surface), which falls within a certain viewing angle range—a technical effect not disclosed in existing technologies. Existing technologies use fillers, powders, or color-developing inorganic pigments to achieve a shading effect, leading to a significant decrease in the vertical transmittance of the color layer 12. The colored photovoltaic module provided in this application possesses saturated colors within a high optimal color viewing angle range, while simultaneously shading the cell array 14 while allowing it to absorb over 70% of the responsive light energy. Compared to existing technologies, it exhibits higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and higher power generation.

[0056] The reason why the colored layer 12 in this invention can still have a good masking effect even without the addition of fillers, powders or color-developing inorganic pigments is as follows:

[0057] First, the light diffusing agent can give the color layer 12 a certain degree of haze, making the color of the color layer 12 more visually uniform and providing a certain degree of shielding for the grid lines or solder ribbons on the surface of the battery array 14, thus making the colored photovoltaic module more aesthetically pleasing. Since the colored photovoltaic module uses pearlescent pigments to interfere with light to achieve color presentation, the observed color will vary in depth depending on the viewing angle. Adding the aforementioned light diffusing agent can reduce the dependence of the observed color on the viewing angle, expanding the optimal color viewing angle range to greater than 40°. The light diffusing agent, limited to a particle size range of 1-8 μm, has a certain light scattering effect without causing total light scattering; that is, it scatters a small portion of the light, while the vast majority of the light still passes through. Therefore, even with the addition of the light diffusing agent, the vertical transmittance of the color layer 12 is not significantly affected. Specifically, the light diffusing agent is a spherical powder with a particle size range of 1-8 μm. Preferably, the light diffusing agent is selected from one or more of organosilicon powder, fumed silica, alumina, and barium sulfate.

[0058] Second, pearlescent pigments belong to the category of structural pigments, comprising a core material and a shell material covering the core material. Pearlescent pigments are translucent materials with a certain degree of opacity. Factors affecting their light transmittance include pigment type, shell material thickness, pigment particle size (width), and concentration in the color layer 12. The pearlescent pigments used in this invention meet the following conditions:

[0059] 1. The type of pigment depends on the type of core material; preferably, the core material is selected from one of natural mica, synthetic mica, transparent glass sheet or synthetic borosilicate;

[0060] 2. The shell material is selected from one or more of tin oxide, titanium dioxide, or iron oxide; the thickness of the shell material is 40-185 nm;

[0061] 3. The pigment particle size ranges from 5μm to 60μm;

[0062] 4. The proportion of pearlescent pigments in the colored layer 12 is 6%-35%;

[0063] In this way, the optimal color viewing angle range can be greater than 40°, which is the occlusion effect.

[0064] Furthermore, while providing excellent shading, the color layer 12 also has a vertical transmittance greater than 80%, preferably greater than 90%. This helps the battery array 14 absorb more light, thereby ensuring the power generation of the color photovoltaic module.

[0065] Specifically, the crosslinking degree of the color layer 12 is greater than 80%. There are two underlying principles:

[0066] The first reason is that a cross-linking agent can be added to the color layer 12, which can promote the cross-linking of the color layer 12, thereby increasing the degree of cross-linking of the color layer 12;

[0067] The second reason is that even if there is no crosslinking agent in the color layer 12, the thickness of the color layer 12 is very small compared to the thickness of the first encapsulation layer 13. When it is laminated together with the first encapsulation layer 13, the crosslinking agent in the first encapsulation layer 13 will migrate to the color layer 12, which can also promote the crosslinking of the color layer 12, thereby increasing the degree of crosslinking of the color layer 12.

[0068] Specifically, the color layer is a single-layer structure.

[0069] Specifically, the thickness of the color layer 12 ranges from 5μm to 50μm.

[0070] The vertical transmittance of the color layer 12 is directly related to the arrangement of the pearlescent pigments within it and the thickness of the color layer 12. A horizontal arrangement of the pearlescent pigments along a direction perpendicular to the thickness of the color layer 12 significantly improves its vertical transmittance. A thinner color layer 12 facilitates horizontal arrangement of the pearlescent pigments, resulting in higher vertical transmittance. However, if the thickness of the color layer 12 is less than 5μm, the pearlescent pigment content is too low, leading to sparse arrangement and uneven, incomplete color, weakened shading effect, or even iridescence or colorlessness. Therefore, the thickness of the color layer 12 should not be infinitely reduced to improve the vertical transmittance of the colored photovoltaic module. A thickness greater than 50μm can cause problems with the distribution and arrangement of the pearlescent pigments, easily leading to agglomeration and resulting in dull, whitish colors in the colored photovoltaic module. Therefore, the thickness of the color layer 12 is limited to 5μm-50μm. This thickness is similar to, and preferably smaller than, the particle size of the pearlescent pigment. This forces the pearlescent pigment to be arranged horizontally, thus achieving a balance between the color rendering effect, the vertical transmittance of the colored photovoltaic module, and the thickness of the color layer 12. Only then can the colored photovoltaic module present its optimal appearance. This method is simple, easy to implement, and convenient to promote.

[0071] It should be further explained that the transmittance of the color layer 12 varies with the tilt angle of the color photovoltaic module 10. The transmittance of the color layer 12 is equal to its vertical transmittance only when the light is perpendicular to the color photovoltaic module 10. Therefore, the vertical transmittance of the color layer 12 does not represent its overall transmittance. The vertical transmittance of the color layer 12 is an easily measurable performance characteristic and a prerequisite for evaluating and measuring the relevant performance characteristics of the color photovoltaic module 10. In practice, it is also an influencing factor that needs to be considered in the installation method of the color photovoltaic module 10. As a variable performance characteristic, the transmittance of the color layer 12 is only associated with the optimal color viewing angle 40 in this invention. Specifically, when testing the vertical transmittance of the color layer 12, if the angle between the color layer 12 and the horizontal plane changes, the orientation of the test light source must also change accordingly to ensure that the light is perpendicular to the color layer 12. Of course, to improve testing efficiency, the orientation of the color layer 12 and the orientation of the light source are preset and fixed. When testing the transmittance of the color layer 12, if the angle between the color layer 12 and the horizontal plane changes, the orientation of the test light source remains fixed. Furthermore, during the test, the angle between the color layer 12 and the horizontal plane must change in order to obtain the maximum and minimum values ​​in the optimal color viewing angle 40.

[0072] In summary, it can be seen that the transmittance of the color layer 12 and its shading effect (which manifests as the optimal color viewing angle range on the color photovoltaic module 10) are negatively correlated. Determining the optimal color viewing angle range 40 relies on visual imaging and cannot be quantified. However, through experiments and observations, the transmittance of the color layer 12 is often less than 78% when the optimal color viewing angle range 40 is met. Therefore, to determine the optimal color viewing angle range, it is necessary to first quantify the transmittance of the color layer 12, i.e., ensure that the transmittance of the color layer 12 is less than 78%, thereby quantifying the optimal color viewing angle range and ultimately determining it. A larger optimal color viewing angle range results in better shading and a more aesthetically pleasing appearance for the color photovoltaic module 10.

[0073] In some embodiments, the first encapsulation layer 13 is an EVA layer, a POE layer, an EP layer, or an EPE layer. The adhesion strength between the color layer 12 and the first encapsulation layer 13 is greater than 80 N / cm.

[0074] The base resin of the color layer 12 is VAE resin, which has good compatibility with the EVA resin of the first encapsulation layer 13. After lamination, the adhesion between them is strong, exceeding 80 N / cm, making delamination difficult. This enhances the aging resistance of the color photovoltaic module and ensures its service life. When the color layer 12 and the first encapsulation layer 13 are laminated together, they both form a cross-linked network structure; even the surfaces where they meet can cross-link with each other. Therefore, the bonding strength between the color layer 12 and the first encapsulation layer 13 can exceed 80 N / cm.

[0075] Specifically, the processing aid is selected from one or more of wetting and dispersing agents, defoamers, and leveling agents. Preferably, the wetting and dispersing agent is a modified urea solution. The defoamer is a water-emulsion dispersible defoamer formulated from dimethyl silicone oil, silica, emulsifiers, etc., using emulsification technology. The leveling agent is selected from one or more of organosilicon leveling agents, fluorocarbon compound leveling agents, and water-based acrylic leveling agents.

[0076] Example

[0077] The following specific examples and Figure 1 and Figure 2 To further illustrate the technical solution and beneficial effects of this application, the following specific embodiments are merely some implementation methods of the technical solution provided in this application, and are not intended to limit the technical solution provided in this application.

[0078] Example 1,

[0079] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a red color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a TOPCon cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0080] The thickness of the red color layer 12 is 30 μm, and the first encapsulation layer 13 and the second encapsulation layer 15 are EVA films.

[0081] Example 2,

[0082] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a red color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a TOPCon cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0083] The thickness of the red color layer 12 is 5μm, and the first encapsulation layer 13 and the second encapsulation layer 15 are EVA films.

[0084] Example 3,

[0085] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a red color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a TOPCon cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0086] The thickness of the red color layer 12 is 50 μm, and the first encapsulation layer 13 and the second encapsulation layer 15 are EVA films.

[0087] Example 4,

[0088] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a green color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a TOPCon cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0089] The thickness of the green color layer 12 is 30 μm, and the first encapsulation layer 13 and the second encapsulation layer 15 are EVA films.

[0090] Example 5,

[0091] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a gold color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a TOPCon cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0092] The thickness of the gold color layer 12 is 30μm, and the first encapsulation layer 13 and the second encapsulation layer 15 are EVA films.

[0093] Example 6,

[0094] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a blue color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a TOPCon cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0095] The thickness of the blue color layer 12 is 30 μm, and the first encapsulation layer 13 and the second encapsulation layer 15 are EVA films.

[0096] Example 7,

[0097] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a gold color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a TOPCon cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0098] The thickness of the gold color layer 12 is 30μm, the first encapsulation layer 13 is an EP film, and the second encapsulation layer 15 is an EVA film.

[0099] Example 8,

[0100] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a gold color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a TOPCon cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0101] The thickness of the gold color layer 12 is 30μm, the first encapsulation layer 13 is an EPE film, and the second encapsulation layer 15 is an EVA film.

[0102] Example 9,

[0103] A colored photovoltaic module is provided, including a front glass panel 11, a gold color layer 12, a first encapsulation layer 13, a BC cell array 14, a second encapsulation layer 15, and a back glass panel 16.

[0104] The thickness of the gold color layer 12 is 30μm, the first encapsulation layer 13 is an EPE film, and the second encapsulation layer 15 is an EVA film.

[0105] Comparative Example 1,

[0106] According to the technology disclosed in CN118222143A, a high weather-resistant and high-transmittance BIPV colored stone-like coating is prepared. The coating comprises, by weight, 30 parts of fluorinated hydroxyl acrylic emulsion (model ZT-9608, purchased from Jiangsu Zhitai Technology Development Co., Ltd.), 50 parts of deionized water, 5.5 parts of propylene glycol (purchased from Dow Chemical Company, USA), 1.5 parts of film-forming aid (model: Eastman TEXANOL ester alcohol), and 0.35 parts of hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (model: Ashland cellulose Natrosol, USA). HE10K), 0.85 parts high molecular weight hydroxyethyl cellulose (model: Shin-Etsu HS100000YP2, Germany), 0.2 parts pH adjuster (model: Dow AMP-95, USA), 0.2 parts dispersant (model: Nopco SN5040, Japan), 0.2 parts defoamer (model: BASF FoamStarST2410), 7.5 parts calcined kaolin (model: Jufeng 1250 mesh, Shanxi), 0.3 parts preservative. The following components were prepared: benzisothiazolinone bactericide (purchased from Wenke Chemical), 5 parts of 6wt% protective colloid aqueous solution (prepared by high-speed dispersion of Changshu Zhitai Technology ZT-535 protective colloid powder with deionized water), 2 parts of structural color pigment (model: Kuncai Technology KC9504-SW, Kuncai Technology KC1303Z-SW, Kuncai Technology KC9300-SW, three components in a mass ratio of 1:1:1), and 2 parts of silane coupling agent (Momentive silane coupling agent A-187).

[0107] The above coating is applied to glass and cured into a film with a thickness of 30 μm.

[0108] By encapsulating the aforementioned glass, EVA film, TOPCon cell array 14, EVA film, and backsheet glass 16 together, a colored photovoltaic module is obtained.

[0109] Comparative Example 2,

[0110] A high-water-resistant and high-transmittance photovoltaic glass panel coating was prepared according to the technology disclosed in CN116716005B. The raw materials, by weight, are: 47 parts of a hydroxyl-functionalized secondary dispersion of hydroxyl acrylate (SuiTai Chemical BV9300), 0.2 parts of a yellow nano-high-transmittance color paste (TSI series from Guangdong Kedi New Material Technology Co., Ltd.), 0.2 parts of a high-transmittance yellow pearlescent pigment (BCYS series from Mingzhu Chemical), 8 parts of dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (purchased from Jiangsu Tianyin Chemical Co., Ltd.) and ethylene glycol butyl ether acetate (purchased from Jiangsu Tianyin Chemical Co., Ltd.) in a 1:1 weight ratio, 2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.5 parts of coupling agent Jinrunna KRN8028B (purchased from Jinrunna New Material Co., Ltd.), and 1 part of an alkyl aryl phosphate (Evonik ZETASPERSE) in a 3:1 weight ratio. The mixture contained sodium polymethacrylate (Klein), 10 parts porous silica microspheres (purchased from Beijing Zhongke Keyou Technology Co., Ltd.), 0.3 parts defoamer STA-5300D (purchased from Nanxiong Santuo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 0.2 parts organic modified polysiloxane (purchased from BASF, model Hydropalat WE 3229) and 45 parts deionized water.

[0111] The above coating is applied to glass and cured into a film with a thickness of 30 μm.

[0112] By encapsulating the aforementioned glass, EVA film, TOPCon cell array 14, EVA film, and backsheet glass 16 together, a colored photovoltaic module is obtained.

[0113] Test method:

[0114] 1. Optimal color viewing angle: Reference Figure 2 The glass with the colored layer is fixed on a bracket that allows the glass to rotate around a central axis. An angle meter is placed on the surface of the colored photovoltaic module and placed inside a transmittance testing instrument. The light source of the testing instrument is located above the central axis. The glass is slowly rotated, and the angle displayed by the angle meter is recorded when the transmittance is less than 70%. This angle is the optimal color viewing angle. The maximum and minimum values ​​of the optimal color viewing angle are taken, and the range of the optimal color viewing angle is the difference between the maximum and minimum values.

[0115] The test method for light transmittance refers to GB / T 2410-2008 Determination of transmittance and haze of transparent plastics.

[0116] It should be noted that the glass used in this test has a light transmittance of 90%. Therefore, the actual light transmittance of the colored layer = the tested light transmittance / 90%.

[0117] 2. Appearance: Observe the appearance of the colored photovoltaic module within the optimal color viewing angle range: color saturation and shading, with the observer at a distance of 50cm from the colored photovoltaic module to be observed.

[0118] Test results:

[0119] project Optimal color viewing angle Optimal color viewing angle range color Coverage Example 1 20°，88° 68° Saturated and glossy The fine grid is invisible. Example 2 24°，76° 52° Saturated and glossy The fine grid is invisible. Example 3 21°，87° 66° Saturated and glossy The fine grid is invisible. Example 4 25°，81° 56° Saturated and glossy The fine grid is invisible. Example 5 20°，83° 63° Saturated and glossy The fine grid is invisible. Example 6 25°，77° 52° Saturated and glossy The fine grid is invisible. Example 7 23°，83° 60° Saturated and glossy The fine grid is invisible. Example 8 25°，85° 60° Saturated and glossy The fine grid is invisible. Example 9 18°，88° 70° Saturated and glossy / Comparative Example 1 / / Saturated but dull Fine grid visible Comparative Example 2 / / Saturated but dull Fine grid visible

[0120] Based on the above test results, the embodiments 1-9 provided in this application provide better shading of the battery array 14 within the optimal color viewing angle range compared to comparative examples 1-2. The appearance color is saturated and glossy, making it more aesthetically pleasing. In contrast, comparative examples 1-2, due to the addition of absorbent and color-developing inorganic pigments such as powder or fillers, and the very low amount of pearlescent pigment, have a lower dependence on viewing angle. There is no optimal color viewing angle, or in other words, the observed color is not significantly different from any viewing angle. Moreover, due to the addition of absorbent and color-developing inorganic pigments such as powder or fillers, and the very low amount of pearlescent pigment, the appearance color is saturated but lacks gloss and is not aesthetically pleasing. The addition of absorbent and color-developing inorganic pigments such as powder or fillers also reduces the amount of light absorbed by the battery array, which can significantly affect the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 10.

[0121] In Embodiment 9 provided in this application, since the BC cell array 14 used does not have a fine grid on the side facing the color layer 12, it is impossible to judge the shading effect of the color layer 12 by using the fine grid as a reference. However, when paired with the BC cell array 14, the optimal color viewing angle range of the color photovoltaic module is larger, indicating that the technical solution of this application is better adapted to the BC cell array 14.

[0122] The test results of Examples 1 and 4-6 show that the different colors produced by the interference of pearlescent pigments can affect the optimal color viewing angle range to some extent, possibly due to the different compositional structures of the pearlescent pigments.

[0123] The test results from Examples 1, 7, and 8 show that the specific selection of the first encapsulation layer 13 has little impact on the optimal color viewing angle range and has no effect on the appearance color and shading performance of the colored photovoltaic module.

[0124] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A colored photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: Front glass; A colored layer firmly bonded to the front glass panel; A first encapsulation layer that is firmly fused to a free surface of the color layer; A battery array firmly bonded to a free surface of the first encapsulation layer; A second encapsulation layer is firmly bonded to one free surface of the battery array; And a backplate that is firmly bonded to a free surface of the second encapsulation layer; The thickness of the colored layer ranges from 5μm to 50μm; The color layer has an optimal color viewing angle when its light transmittance is less than 78%. Thus, the range of the optimal color viewing angle is the optimal color viewing angle range, and the optimal color viewing angle range is greater than 40°.

2. The colored photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The colored layer has a single-layer structure.

3. The colored photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical transmittance of the color layer is greater than 80%.

4. The colored photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The colored layer is a VAE film.

5. The colored photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The VA content of the VAE layer is 70%-90%.

6. The colored photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that: The degree of crosslinking of the colored layer is greater than 80%.

7. The colored photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first encapsulation layer is an EVA film, a POE film, an EP film, or an EPE film.

8. The colored photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bonding strength between the colored layer and the first encapsulation layer is greater than 80 N / cm.

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