Temperature control device and regulation and control method for heavy rare earth magnesium alloy electric arc additive forming process

Abstract

The invention discloses a temperature control device for a heavy rare earth magnesium alloy electric arc additive forming process and a regulation and control method, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the temperature control precision is insufficient, rare earth elements are prone to burning loss, and the performance of components is unstable. On the basis of a six-axis collaborative robot and an active temperature control platform, a multi-modal sensor network, a dynamic temperature control ring, an ultrasonic-assisted modulation module and an intelligent control system are integrated, and global three-dimensional temperature sensing and multi-scale collaborative temperature control are achieved; according to the method, through multi-source data acquisition and digital twinborn modeling, a real-time thermal history and an ideal thermal history are compared, a regulation and control strategy is output through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and a temperature control component, a protective atmosphere and cooling intensity are cooperatively regulated through a self-adaptive fuzzy PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) controller. Closed-loop precise regulation and control of the forming thermal process are achieved, component stability and comprehensive performance of the component are remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for the field of high-end equipment manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing and materials processing technology, specifically relating to a temperature control device and control method for the arc additive forming process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys. Background Technology

[0002] Magnesium alloys, as lightweight structural materials with great development potential, exhibit broad application prospects in aerospace, defense equipment, and transportation due to their low density, high specific strength, excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, and damping characteristics. In particular, magnesium alloys alloyed with heavy rare earth elements (such as Gd and Y) demonstrate significant solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening effects, greatly enhancing both room temperature and high temperature strength, as well as improving their heat resistance, making them key lightweight structural materials for use in 200-300℃ environments. In recent years, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology has attracted considerable attention in the field of rapid prototyping of large metal components due to its high deposition efficiency, low cost, and suitability for manufacturing large-size components. Applying WAAM technology to the forming and manufacturing of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys holds promise for achieving integrated rapid prototyping of large, complex, lightweight structures in the aerospace field, possessing significant engineering application value.

[0003] However, heavy rare earth magnesium alloys face significant technical challenges in the WAAM process. Firstly, the physicochemical properties of heavy rare earth elements pose difficulties to the manufacturing process. Elements such as Gd and Y are highly chemically reactive and readily react with oxygen and nitrogen in the high-temperature environment of the molten pool, leading to the loss of alloying elements. Research data shows that when the molten pool temperature exceeds 800℃, the loss rate of Gd can reach over 5%, severely affecting the accuracy of the final component's composition. Simultaneously, the addition of heavy rare earth elements significantly expands the alloy's solidification temperature range, increasing the material's susceptibility to hot cracking. Secondly, the unique thermal cycle of the WAAM process places extremely high demands on the control of microstructure and properties. Traditional WAAM processes lack precise temperature control methods, resulting in drastic fluctuations in the molten pool temperature, severely affecting the stability of the solidification process; inaccurate interlayer temperature control leads to inhomogeneous microstructure; significant heat accumulation effects in complex geometric regions, with local temperature differences exceeding 200℃; and the cooling rate cannot be precisely controlled, making it difficult to achieve an ideal solid-state phase transformation process. These temperature control issues directly led to a series of quality problems: uneven distribution of rare earth elements resulted in localized agglomeration; significant differences in grain size, with coarse columnar crystals coexisting with fine equiaxed crystals; uncontrolled morphology, size, and distribution of precipitated phases; obvious anisotropy in mechanical properties, with strength fluctuations exceeding 15%; and decreased corrosion resistance, making it prone to localized corrosion in corrosive media.

[0004] Currently, temperature control in the WAAM process mainly relies on simple substrate preheating and intermittent deposition strategies, which have significant limitations. The sensor system is simplistic; traditional infrared thermography is susceptible to plasma interference and cannot obtain complete temperature field information. The actuators are simple and lack multi-scale collaborative control capabilities. The control strategies are outdated, with slow response times, failing to achieve real-time precise regulation. Furthermore, the lack of intelligent decision support makes it difficult to handle complex operating conditions. Particularly in the WAAM process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys, precise temperature field control not only affects the forming quality but also directly impacts the utilization rate of rare earth elements and the stability of material properties. Existing temperature control methods cannot meet the stringent requirements of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys for thermal processes, severely restricting the application of this material in high-end equipment manufacturing.

[0005] Therefore, developing a device and method capable of precise temperature control throughout the entire process of arc additive manufacturing of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys, breaking through existing technological bottlenecks, has significant theoretical and engineering application value. This will not only help promote the application of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys in aerospace and other fields, but will also provide important technical reference for the additive manufacturing of other difficult-to-machine materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a temperature control device and method for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys. The method specifically includes: first, constructing a multi-modal sensor network to monitor the manufacturing process in real time and ensure timely detection of abnormal conditions; second, employing a multi-actuator collaborative temperature control system to achieve precise control of the manufacturing thermal history; and finally, establishing a "process-structure-performance" correlation database through an intelligent decision-making and control system to dynamically optimize process parameters based on real-time monitoring data.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a temperature control device for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys, characterized in that it includes a multimodal sensor network, a six-axis collaborative robot, a welding torch assembly, an active temperature control platform, a dynamic temperature control ring, an ultrasonic-assisted modulation module, a protective atmosphere control system, and an intelligent control system; the six-axis collaborative robot and the active temperature control platform constitute the basic architecture for motion and thermal management, with the molten pool located at the center of the active temperature control platform; the dynamic temperature control ring is arranged outside the molten pool, the ultrasonic-assisted modulation module is coupled to the substrate or deposition layer, and the nozzle of the protective atmosphere control system is aligned with the molten pool area; the multimodal sensor network collects multi-source data of the manufacturing process, and the intelligent control system is signal-connected to each execution component to achieve temperature control of the forming process based on the multi-source data.

[0008] Furthermore, the dynamic temperature control ring is circumferentially arranged with 12 sets of semiconductor thermoelectric modules, each of which integrates a Venturi cooling nozzle and a quartz lamp auxiliary heater; the maximum temperature difference of the semiconductor thermoelectric module is ±100℃, the flow rate range of the Venturi cooling nozzle is 1-10L / min, and the power of the quartz lamp auxiliary heater is 0-500W.

[0009] Furthermore, the multimodal sensor network includes a high-resolution infrared thermal imager, a molten pool visual sensor, an acoustic emission sensor, and a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor. The high-resolution infrared thermal imager is fixed obliquely above the molten pool, with its optical axis forming an angle of 30° to 45° with the molten pool region. It has a sampling frequency of ≥100Hz and a spatial resolution better than 50μm / pixel. The sensing fibers of the distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor are embedded in the active temperature control platform and a specific deposition layer at a spacing of ≤2mm. The measurement range is from room temperature to 600℃, with an accuracy of ±1.5℃.

[0010] Furthermore, the intelligent control system includes a shielding gas and environment control subsystem, a silicon nitride ceramic heater, an adaptive controller, a microscale temperature control module, a microchannel liquid cooling system, and a dynamic thermal control loop. The silicon nitride ceramic heater, the adaptive controller, and the microscale temperature control module are controlled by a distributed drive system. The microscale temperature control module and the silicon nitride ceramic heater are used to control the zoned heating function of the active temperature control platform. The adaptive controller can automatically adjust the control law according to changes in system parameters to maintain stable performance. The dynamic thermal control loop is installed at the end of a six-axis collaborative robot and maintains a fixed relative position with the welding torch assembly. The shielding gas and environment control subsystem delivers a mixed protective gas of Ar + 0.3% SF6 to the molten pool area to create a local ultra-low oxygen partial pressure environment of <50ppm. The microchannel liquid cooling system uses deionized water as the cooling medium and integrates a Class A platinum resistance temperature sensor with a flow control accuracy of ±0.1L / min and a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.2℃.

[0011] Furthermore, the ultrasonic-assisted modulation module integrates a 40kHz high-power ultrasonic transducer, which is coupled to the substrate or deposition layer through a waveguide rod; the annular gas curtain nozzle of the protective atmosphere control system is installed around the welding torch, and the total flow rate is controlled at 15-25L / min; the molten pool vision sensor is equipped with a specific filter, and the acoustic emission sensor is installed on the rigid structure of the device.

[0012] This invention also discloses a temperature control method for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys based on the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: After starting the device, multi-source heterogeneous data of the forming process is collected through a multi-modal sensor network. The multi-source heterogeneous data is transmitted to the central processing unit, and a three-dimensional transient temperature field model is constructed and updated synchronously through data fusion and modeling technology.

[0014] Step 2: Compare the real-time thermal history calculated by the three-dimensional transient temperature field model with the ideal thermal history. Based on the comparison deviation, call the associated database, output the optimal process parameter adjustment strategy, and use the intelligent control system to coordinate the control of each execution component to achieve closed-loop control of the forming thermal history.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 1, the multi-source heterogeneous data includes: two-dimensional temperature field distribution data acquired by a high-resolution infrared thermal imager, molten pool morphology and oscillation characteristic data acquired by a molten pool visual sensor, abnormal acoustic signals captured by an acoustic emission sensor, and internal temperature gradient data acquired by a distributed fiber optic grating sensor; the data fusion and modeling technology is Kalman filtering and data assimilation technology, which is used to drive multi-source information fusion and digital twin model.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 2, the process parameter adjustment strategy is executed by an adaptive fuzzy PID controller, and the coordinated control includes: adjusting the power of the semiconductor thermoelectric module and the on / off state of the Venturi cooling nozzle and the quartz lamp auxiliary heater in the dynamic temperature control loop; regulating the flow rate and ratio of the protective atmosphere; adjusting the zone temperature of the active temperature control platform; and adjusting the cooling intensity of the microchannel liquid cooling system.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 2, the protective atmosphere is an Ar + 0.3% SF6 mixed gas, wherein the SF6 branch flow rate is controlled with an accuracy of ±0.05L / min; the response time of the microchannel liquid cooling system is ≤1s; and the zone temperature of the active temperature control platform is adjusted in coordination with the silicon nitride ceramic heater through a microscale temperature control module.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] 1. By integrating high-resolution infrared thermal imagers, molten pool visual sensors, acoustic emission sensors, and distributed fiber optic grating sensors through a multimodal sensor network, a three-dimensional "field-volume" monitoring system is achieved, encompassing the two-dimensional temperature field and morphological oscillations on the molten pool surface to the internal temperature gradient. This completely solves the problems of blind spots and insufficient accuracy in traditional single-sensor monitoring, providing reliable data support for precise temperature control.

[0020] 2. Relying on the coordinated operation of 12 sets of semiconductor thermoelectric modules in the dynamic temperature control ring, silicon nitride ceramic zone heaters, microchannel liquid cooling system and protective atmosphere control system, the multi-scale thermal field of "molten pool area - deposition layer - substrate" can be actively controlled. The heating and cooling modes can be flexibly switched to accurately match the solidification temperature range requirements of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys, effectively suppressing hot cracking sensitivity and local heat accumulation effect.

[0021] 3. By integrating Kalman filter data assimilation technology, digital twin modeling, and adaptive fuzzy PID control algorithm, a fully intelligent closed loop of "data acquisition - model building - deviation comparison - parameter optimization - execution feedback" is created. The optimal process parameters can be dynamically output based on real-time thermal history deviation without manual intervention, upgrading the manufacturing process from "experience-driven" to "model and data dual-driven", which greatly improves the control response speed and stability under complex working conditions.

[0022] 4. By constructing an ultra-low oxygen partial pressure environment of <50ppm, the burn-off rate of heavy rare earth elements such as Gd is controlled to below 5%; combined with precise control of thermal history, the uniformity of component composition is greatly improved, the grains are refined and evenly distributed, the fluctuation range of mechanical properties is reduced to within 15%, and the corrosion resistance and high temperature stability are improved simultaneously, successfully breaking through the application bottleneck of this material in high-end fields such as aerospace and defense equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent control system in this invention;

[0025] In the diagram: 1-Multimodal sensor network, 2-Six-axis collaborative robot, 3-Welding torch assembly, 4-Active temperature control platform, 5-Dynamic temperature control loop, 6-Ultrasonic auxiliary modulation module, 7-Protective atmosphere control system, 8-Molten pool, 9-Thermoelectric module, 10-Venturi cooling nozzle, 11-Quartz lamp auxiliary heater, 12-Infrared thermal imager, 13-Molten pool vision sensor, 14-Acoustic emission sensor, 15-Shielding gas and environmental control subsystem, 16-Silicon nitride ceramic heater, 17-Adaptive controller, 18-Microscale temperature control module, 19-Microchannel liquid cooling system, 20-Dynamic thermal control loop. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1As shown, this invention is a temperature control device for arc additive manufacturing of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys, comprising a multimodal sensor network 1, a six-axis collaborative robot 2, a welding torch assembly 3, an active temperature control platform 4, a dynamic temperature control ring 5, an ultrasonic-assisted modulation module 6, and a protective atmosphere control system 7, with the six-axis collaborative robot 2 and the active temperature control platform 4 serving as the basic architecture for motion and thermal management. The molten pool 8 is located at the center of the active temperature control platform 4, which is mounted on a substrate. A dynamic temperature control ring 5 is arranged around the outside of the molten pool 8, and 12 sets of semiconductor thermoelectric modules 9 are circumferentially arranged within the dynamic temperature control ring 5, with a maximum temperature difference of ±100℃. Each module integrates a Venturi cooling nozzle 10 with a flow rate range of 1-10L / min and a quartz lamp auxiliary heater 11, forming an independent temperature control unit. The semiconductor thermoelectric modules 9, the Venturi cooling nozzles 10, and the quartz lamp auxiliary heater 11 with a power of 0-500W jointly perform active and coordinated thermal management of the molten pool 8 region. The ultrasonic-assisted modulation module 6 integrates a 40kHz high-power ultrasonic transducer, which is coupled to the substrate or deposition layer through a waveguide rod, and optimizes the flow and solidification process of the molten pool by utilizing the acoustic flow effect; the annular gas curtain nozzle of the protective atmosphere control system 7 is installed around the welding torch, with the total flow rate controlled at 15-25L / min, and its outlet is aligned with the molten pool area.

[0028] A multimodal sensor network 1, serving as the system's sensing layer, is deployed around the manufacturing area. The multimodal sensor network 1 includes a high-resolution infrared thermal imager 12, a molten pool vision sensor 13, and an acoustic emission sensor 14. The high-resolution infrared thermal imager 12 is equipped with an uncooled microbolometer detector, fixed obliquely above the molten pool, with its optical axis aligned with the molten pool area at an angle of 30° to 45° to ensure coverage of the molten pool and part of the deposited layer. It acquires the complete two-dimensional temperature field distribution centered on the molten pool at a sampling frequency of ≥100Hz, with a spatial resolution better than 50μm / pixel. The molten pool vision sensor 13 is equipped with a specific filter to suppress arc interference, directly focusing on the molten pool to acquire the molten pool morphology and oscillation characteristics in real time. The acoustic emission sensor 14 is mounted on the rigid structure of the device to capture abnormal acoustic signals during the manufacturing process. At the same time, the multimodal sensor network 1 also includes a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor, whose sensing fibers are pre-embedded in the active temperature control platform 4 and specific deposited layers at a spacing of ≤2mm to achieve three-dimensional monitoring of the internal temperature gradient, with a measurement range covering room temperature to 600℃ and an accuracy of ±1.5℃.

[0029] like Figure 2As shown, this invention also includes an intelligent control system as the brain of the device. Its core modules include a shielding gas and environment control subsystem 15, a silicon nitride ceramic heater 16, an adaptive controller 17, a microscale temperature control module 18, a microchannel liquid cooling system 19, and a dynamic thermal control loop 20. A multimodal sensor network 1 is responsible for collecting and transmitting real-time data. A distributed drive system uniformly controls the silicon nitride ceramic heater 16, the adaptive controller 17, and the microscale temperature control module 18. The microscale temperature control module 18 and the silicon nitride ceramic heater 16 are used to control the zoned heating function of the active temperature control platform 4. The adaptive controller 17 automatically adjusts the control law according to changes in system parameters to maintain stable performance. The microchannel liquid cooling system 19 uses deionized water as the cooling medium, is measured using a Class A platinum resistance temperature sensor, has a flow control accuracy of ±0.1 L / min, a measurement accuracy of ±0.2℃, and a response time ≤1 s. It is integrated with the active temperature control platform 4 and is responsible for its precise cooling. The dynamic thermal control ring 20 is mounted on the end of the six-axis collaborative robot 2 via a rigid connector, maintaining a fixed relative position with the welding torch assembly 3 to ensure precise synchronous movement with the welding torch during the printing process. It controls the dynamic temperature control ring 5 and its associated semiconductor thermoelectric module 9, Venturi cooling nozzle 10, and quartz lamp auxiliary heater 11. The shielding gas and environmental control subsystem 15 controls the protective atmosphere regulation system 7, delivering a precisely proportioned Ar + 0.3% SF6 mixed protective gas to the molten pool and adjacent areas through a sealed annular gas curtain to create a localized ultra-low oxygen partial pressure environment of <50 ppm, maximizing the suppression of oxidation and burn-off of heavy rare earth elements.

[0030] The workflow and principle of this invention are as follows:

[0031] During the printing process, the infrared thermal imager 12 in the multimodal sensor network 1 acquires the two-dimensional temperature field of the molten pool in real time, the visual sensor 13 acquires the morphological oscillation of the molten pool, the distributed fiber optic grating sensor acquires the internal temperature gradient of the molten pool, and the acoustic emission sensor 14 collects process anomaly signals. This multi-source heterogeneous data is transmitted to the central processing unit, where Kalman filtering and data assimilation techniques drive multi-source information fusion and digital twin modeling to construct a three-dimensional transient temperature field model that is updated synchronously with the physical process.

[0032] The central processing unit compares the real-time thermal history near the molten pool calculated by the digital twin model with the ideal thermal history required for the target performance. If a deviation is found, it immediately calls the database, runs a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and dynamically outputs the optimal process parameter adjustment strategy. For example, the dynamic thermal control loop 20 is controlled to enhance cooling in areas with insufficient cooling. At the same time, an adaptive fuzzy PID controller receives decision instructions and performs multivariable, adaptive, and collaborative control on each terminal in the distributed execution system. The dynamic thermal control loop 20 can independently adjust the cooling / heating power of any semiconductor thermoelectric module 9 and coordinate the opening and closing of the corresponding Venturi cooling nozzles 10 and quartz lamp auxiliary heaters 11 to achieve local active modulation of the thermal field behind the molten pool. The shielding gas and environmental control subsystem 15 is controlled to precisely adjust the flow rate and proportion of the Ar+0.3%SF6 mixed protective gas delivered to the molten pool, with the SF6 branch flow rate accuracy being ±0.05L / min. The microscale temperature control module 18 and the silicon nitride ceramic heater 16 are controlled to adjust the zoned temperature of the active temperature control platform 4. The microchannel liquid cooling system 19 is controlled to adjust the cooling intensity of the active temperature control platform 4.

[0033] This invention achieves proactive, precise, and closed-loop control of the thermal process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloy arc additive forming through the aforementioned intelligent closed loop, thereby significantly improving the compositional stability and overall performance of the formed components.

[0034] The various embodiments described in this specification are presented in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A temperature control device for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys, characterized in that, The system includes a multimodal sensor network (1), a six-axis collaborative robot (2), a welding torch assembly (3), an active temperature control platform (4), a dynamic temperature control ring (5), an ultrasonic-assisted modulation module (6), a protective atmosphere control system (7), and an intelligent control system. The six-axis collaborative robot (2) and the active temperature control platform (4) constitute the motion and thermal management infrastructure, and the molten pool (8) is located at the center of the active temperature control platform (4). The dynamic temperature control ring (5) is arranged outside the molten pool (8), the ultrasonic-assisted modulation module (6) is coupled to the substrate or the deposition layer, and the nozzle of the protective atmosphere control system (7) is aligned with the molten pool area. The multimodal sensor network (1) collects multi-source data of the manufacturing process, and the intelligent control system is connected to the signals of each execution component to realize temperature control of the forming process based on the multi-source data.

2. The temperature control device for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic temperature control ring (5) is circumferentially arranged with 12 sets of semiconductor thermoelectric modules (9). Each set of semiconductor thermoelectric modules (9) integrates a Venturi cooling nozzle (10) and a quartz lamp auxiliary heater (11). The maximum temperature difference of the semiconductor thermoelectric module (9) is ±100℃, the flow rate range of the Venturi cooling nozzle (10) is 1-10L / min, and the power of the quartz lamp auxiliary heater (11) is 0-500W.

3. The temperature control device for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multimodal sensor network (1) includes a high-resolution infrared thermal imager (12), a molten pool vision sensor (13), an acoustic emission sensor (14), and a distributed fiber optic grating sensor. The high-resolution infrared thermal imager (12) is fixed above the molten pool, with its optical axis at an angle of 30° to 45° to the molten pool area. Its sampling frequency is ≥100Hz, and its spatial resolution is better than 50μm / pixel. The sensing fiber of the distributed fiber optic grating sensor is implanted in the active temperature control platform (4) and a specific deposition layer at a spacing of ≤2mm. Its measurement range is from room temperature to 600℃, with an accuracy of ±1.5℃.

4. The temperature control device for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control system includes a shielded gas and environment control subsystem (15), a silicon nitride ceramic heater (16), an adaptive controller (17), a microscale temperature control module (18), a microchannel liquid cooling system (19), and a dynamic thermal control loop (20); the silicon nitride ceramic heater (16), the adaptive controller (17), and the microscale temperature control module (18) are controlled by a distributed drive system; the microscale temperature control module (18) and the silicon nitride ceramic heater (16) are used to control the zoned heating function of the active temperature control platform (4); the adaptive controller (17) The system can automatically adjust the control law according to the changes in system parameters to maintain stable performance; the dynamic thermal control loop (20) is installed at the end of the six-axis collaborative robot (2) and maintains a fixed relative position with the welding torch assembly (3); the shielding gas and environmental control subsystem (15) delivers Ar+0.3%SF6 mixed protective gas to the molten pool area to construct a local ultra-low oxygen partial pressure environment of <50ppm; the microchannel liquid cooling system (19) uses deionized water as the cooling medium, integrates a Class A platinum resistance temperature sensor, has a flow control accuracy of ±0.1L / min, and a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.2℃.

5. The temperature control device for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic-assisted modulation module (6) integrates a 40kHz high-power ultrasonic transducer and achieves coupling with the substrate or deposition layer through a waveguide rod; the annular air curtain nozzle of the protective atmosphere control system (7) is installed around the welding torch, and the total flow rate is controlled at 15-25L / min; the molten pool vision sensor (13) is equipped with a specific filter, and the acoustic emission sensor (14) is installed on the rigid structure of the device.

6. A method for temperature control and regulation in the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys based on the device described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: After starting the device, multi-source heterogeneous data of the forming process are collected through the multi-modal sensor network (1), and the multi-source heterogeneous data are transmitted to the central processing unit. The three-dimensional transient temperature field model is constructed and updated synchronously through data fusion and modeling technology. Step 2: Compare the real-time thermal history calculated by the three-dimensional transient temperature field model with the ideal thermal history. Based on the comparison deviation, call the associated database, output the optimal process parameter adjustment strategy, and use the intelligent control system to coordinate the control of each execution component to achieve closed-loop control of the forming thermal history.

7. The temperature control method for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 1, the multi-source heterogeneous data includes: two-dimensional temperature field distribution data collected by a high-resolution infrared thermal imager (12), molten pool morphology and oscillation characteristics data collected by a molten pool vision sensor (13), abnormal acoustic signals captured by an acoustic emission sensor (14), and internal temperature gradient data collected by a distributed fiber optic grating sensor; the data fusion and modeling technology is Kalman filtering and data assimilation technology, which is used to drive multi-source information fusion and digital twin model.

8. The temperature control method for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 2, the process parameter adjustment strategy is executed by an adaptive fuzzy PID controller. The coordinated control includes: adjusting the power of the semiconductor thermoelectric module (9) of the dynamic temperature control loop (5) and the on / off state of the Venturi cooling nozzle (10) and the quartz lamp auxiliary heater (11); regulating the flow rate and ratio of the protective atmosphere; adjusting the zone temperature of the active temperature control platform (4); and adjusting the cooling intensity of the microchannel liquid cooling system (19).

9. The temperature control method for the arc additive manufacturing process of heavy rare earth magnesium alloys according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 2, the protective atmosphere is a mixture of Ar and 0.3% SF6, wherein the SF6 branch flow rate is controlled with an accuracy of ±0.05 L / min; the response time of the microchannel liquid cooling system (19) is ≤1 s; the zone temperature of the active temperature control platform (4) is adjusted in coordination with the silicon nitride ceramic heater (16) through the microscale temperature control module (18).

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