Plant root domain microclimate environment regulation and control method capable of adaptively regulating moisture and heat

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environment regulation and control, in particular to a plant root domain microclimate environment regulation and control method capable of adaptively regulating moisture and heat, which comprises the following steps: preparing a bionic microelectrode array capable of specifically sensing a root electric signal; constructing an electric signal-chemical signal conversion layer; printing a multi-channel bionic catheter network with a fractal structure and assembling a photo-thermal response micro-valve; and finally, integrating the intelligent microcapsule and the microbial system to form a functional module. According to the method, a signal is efficiently captured through a graphene-membrane protein interface, the signal is converted into a chemical instruction through a ferrocene / heme system, a liquid crystal valve is driven to regulate and control the water and gas flux in a fractal network, and the phase change heat storage and self-repairing functions of microcapsules are combined; an intelligent root domain environment system capable of dynamically responding to plant physiological needs, resisting environmental stress and promoting microbial symbiosis is constructed in a cooperative mode, and the water utilization efficiency and the ecological restoration effect are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental regulation technology, specifically to a method for regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adaptively adjusting water and heat. Background Technology

[0002] Ecological restoration in grassland and plateau regions faces the core contradiction of water scarcity and ecological degradation. Existing technologies primarily focus on macro-level water conservation, but suffer from several key limitations at the micro-level: First, there is an inherent conflict between water and oxygen supply; increasing water content reduces soil permeability, leading to root hypoxia, a contradiction particularly pronounced in fine-textured plateau soils. Second, plant water requirements exhibit significant diurnal and seasonal rhythms and are dynamically regulated by stress conditions, but existing materials can only passively respond to environmental temperature and humidity, failing to sense plant physiological signals, resulting in a supply-demand mismatch. Third, technologies neglect precise regulation of the rhizosphere microenvironment, especially key processes such as the gradient of chemical signals secreted by roots, oxygen micro-domain consumption, and the colonization environment of beneficial microorganisms. Furthermore, the complex stresses of the plateau, including severe freeze-thaw cycles, temperature fluctuations, ultraviolet radiation, and soil salinization, severely test the long-term structural stability and functional durability of materials, while existing solutions lack effective self-repair and self-adaptive mechanisms. Finally, the functions of these technologies are often fragmented and isolated, failing to systematically integrate water, air, and nutrient regulation, and are unable to identify and regulate water competition among plant species, making it difficult to support the construction of stable plant communities. These fundamental limitations make it difficult to sustain the repair effects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to overcome the multiple limitations of traditional grassland and plateau greening technology, such as the mismatch between water supply and root water demand rhythm, prominent contradiction between water and oxygen supply, lack of rhizosphere microenvironment regulation, and lack of self-adaptation and self-repair ability of materials in harsh environments.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat includes the following steps performed sequentially: Step 1: Disperse multilayer graphene nanosheets in an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol, sonicate them, and then add cell membrane protein extracts extracted from the root tip meristem of the target plant. Stir at low temperature to allow the membrane proteins to self-assemble on the graphene surface. The mixture is injected into a PDMS mold with microchannels. After vacuum-assisted filling, a polyvinylidene fluoride film is covered on the surface of the mold, and then the mold is fumigated and cross-linked in cross-linking agent vapor for curing. After demolding, a flexible microelectrode array is obtained; Step 2: Prepare precursor solution A containing N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid and crosslinking agent, and precursor solution B containing ferrocene derivative, heme chloride and initiator; The microelectrode array prepared in step 1 was immersed in precursor solution A, and the monomers were electropolymerized on the electrode surface to form a temperature-sensitive hydrogel layer by cyclic voltammetry scanning. The electrode was transferred to precursor solution B, and a constant potential was applied to trigger a local free radical polymerization reaction to form a composite gel layer with electrochemical response. Step 3: Prepare three functional inks: water-conducting ink, air-conducting ink, and signal ink; use a multi-nozzle collaborative printing system to simultaneously print three layers of interpenetrating network according to the fractal model optimized by Murray's law; apply a rotating magnetic field during printing to guide the water-conducting channels to form anisotropic structures; after printing, perform chemical cross-linking, conformational induction, and low-temperature curing treatments in sequence. Step 4: Precisely inject liquid crystal elastomer prepolymer liquid into the end nodes of the fractal network using a micro-injection system; apply local ultraviolet light to the nodes to photopolymerize the prepolymer liquid to form a micro valve structure; weld the microelectrode array prepared in Step 2 to the valve control node; Step 5: Mix soil, biochar, attapulgite clay and humic acid to prepare the basic matrix; The fractal network prepared in step 4 was laid at the bottom of the mold, and the microelectrode array in step 2 was implanted into the key nodes of the network. The pre-prepared smart response microcapsules were sprinkled and then filled into the basic matrix. A bio-activation solution containing extracts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plant root secretions was injected. The mold was pre-cultured under conditions simulating natural light-dark cycles and daily temperature variations, during which simulated root electrical stimulation was applied.

[0005] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat, in step 1: the thickness of the multilayer graphene nanosheets is 2-5 nm, and the lateral dimension is 10-50 μm; the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 0.5%; the cell membrane protein extract is extracted from the root tip meristem of the target plant and contains hydrogen ion pumps and ion channel transmembrane proteins; the microchannel width of the PDMS mold is 20 μm, the depth is 15 μm, and the pattern is fractal dendritic; the crosslinking agent is 1% glutaraldehyde solution, and the fumigation time is 30 minutes; the impedance of the resulting flexible microelectrode array is 10-50 kΩ, and the tensile strain reaches 25%.

[0006] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adaptive regulation method for plant rhizosphere microclimate environment control based on water and heat, in step 2: the weight ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid, and crosslinking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide in the precursor solution A is 10:2:0.1; the weight ratio of ferrocene derivative, heme chloride, and ammonium persulfate in the precursor solution B is 0.5:0.05:0.2; the parameters of the cyclic voltammetry scan are: scan range -0.2V to +0.6V, scan rate 50mV / s, 3 cycles; the constant potential is +0.4V, and the application time is 30 seconds.

[0007] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adaptive regulation method for plant rhizosphere microclimate environment control based on water and heat, in step 3: the water-conducting ink contains 4% sodium alginate, 2% cellulose nanofibers, and 0.5% iron oxide nanoparticles; the air-conducting ink contains 3% silk fibroin, 2% polycaprolactone, and 1% zeolite imidazole framework-8 nanoparticles; the signal ink contains 5% gelatin, 1% liposomes loaded with abscisic acid, and 0.5% quantum dots; the printhead temperatures of the printing system are 25℃, 35℃, and 30℃, and the printing pressure is 60-80 kPa; the fractal model has a bifurcation level of 6 and a bifurcation ratio of 0.79; the intensity of the rotating magnetic field is 0.1T, and the frequency is 1Hz; the chemical crosslinking is treated with 2% CaCl2 solution for 5 minutes; the conformational transformation induction is treated in ethanol vapor for 2 hours; and the low-temperature curing is cooled at 4℃.

[0008] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting moisture and heat, in step 4: the liquid crystal elastomer prepolymer liquid contains the following components by weight: 85 parts of mesocrystalline monomer, 10 parts of crosslinking agent 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, and 5 parts of photothermal conversion agent azobenzene derivative; the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 365nm, the intensity is 10mW / cm², and the irradiation time is 30 seconds; the phase transition temperature of the micro-valve structure is 35℃.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adaptive regulation method for plant rhizosphere microclimate environment control based on water and heat, in step 5, the composition of the basic substrate by weight is: 40 parts local soil, with a specific surface area of ​​500 m². 2 The smart responsive microcapsules consist of 20 parts of biochar with a pore size of 2-50 nm, 10 parts of attapulgite clay with an aspect ratio >20, and 5 parts of humic acid. The preparation method of the smart responsive microcapsules is as follows: a polyurethane / polydopamine composite wall material with a thickness of 200 nm is formed using interfacial polymerization; the core material comprises a tetradecane-hexadecane eutectic with a phase transition temperature of -5℃, a self-healing prepolymer containing dynamic disulfide bonds, and a dehydrogenase / peroxidase dual-enzyme system; microcapsules with a particle size of 50-100 μm are prepared by membrane emulsification; the concentration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in the bioactivation solution is 10... 5The concentration of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 10 CFU / L. 8 CFU / L; the pre-culture conditions are: light-dark cycle 12h / 12h, daily temperature variation 5-25℃, culture time 14 days; the parameters of the simulated root electrical stimulation are: voltage 0.5mV, frequency 0.1Hz.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat, the self-healing prepolymer containing dynamic disulfide bonds is a terminal thiol polyurethane prepolymer, whose disulfide bonds in its molecular chain still maintain exchange activity at -20℃; the quantum dots are ZnS:Mn 2+ The core-shell structure has a ZnS outer shell, which provides UV protection; the polydopamine coating has a UV blocking rate of more than 90%.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned adaptive regulation method for plant rhizosphere microclimate environment, the regulation system prepared by the method can sense the action potential signal generated by the plant roots, with a response time of 100-500ms; the spacing between the final branches of the fractal vessel network is 5mm; the structural integrity of the system is greater than 85% after 50 freeze-thaw cycles at -20℃ / 15℃; and the swelling ratio retention rate of the water-conducting channels in the system is greater than 70% in 0.3M NaCl solution.

[0012] Furthermore, the above-mentioned adaptive regulation method for plant root zone microclimate environment control of water and heat also includes a system deployment step: the modules obtained in step 5 are configured according to a standardized size of 10cm×10cm×5cm; the burial depth is determined according to the plant root type: 15-20cm below deep-rooted plants and 5-10cm below shallow-rooted plants; adjacent modules are physically and electrically connected through magnetic connectors; after laying, a starting solution containing 0.1mM H2O2 is poured to activate the system.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: In the system construction stage, the biomimetic microelectrode array (characteristic: graphene-membrane protein interface) prepared in step 1 provides an efficient and biocompatible signal capture basis for the electrical signal conversion in step 2. Its low impedance characteristics ensure the faithful transmission of weak electrical signals at the μV-mV level in the root system, while the self-assembly of membrane proteins endows the electrodes with the ability to recognize plant-specific electrophysiological signals. The electrical signal-chemical signal conversion layer (characteristic: ferrocene / heme system) constructed in step 2 converts the captured electron flow into a chemical signal (H2O2 concentration gradient). This conversion not only amplifies the initial signal, but more importantly, it provides a non-contact and precise triggering mechanism for the liquid crystal elastomer valve in step 4.

[0014] In the structural forming stage, the fractal conduit network prepared in step 3 (characterized by Murray's law optimization and magnetic field-induced anisotropy) and the microvalves assembled in step 4 (characterized by photothermal responsive liquid crystal elastomers) form a synergistic system of "macroscopic transport-microscopic regulation": the fractal structure, optimized based on fluid dynamics, achieves low-resistance and efficient material distribution from the main body to the tip, while the microvalves act like "smart switches," dynamically adjusting the local channel opening through reversible phase transitions (35℃) based on the chemical signal instructions from step 2, achieving precise release of water and oxygen on demand and at the desired location. The iron(III) oxide nanochains (magnetic) in the water-conducting ink are arranged under a rotating magnetic field, which not only enhances the directionality of water conduction, but its magnetocaloric effect can also help activate the valves, forming a "magnetic-thermal-deformation" linkage response.

[0015] In the system integration and functional activation stage, step 5 integrates the above modules with intelligent microcapsules (characteristics: -5℃ phase change material, dynamic disulfide bond self-healing, dual-enzyme system) and activated microorganisms (characteristics: mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria). The phase change characteristics of the microcapsules effectively buffer the physical stress on the internal structure of the system caused by the drastic temperature fluctuations at high altitudes, while the self-healing prepolymer contained within can achieve in-situ repair through disulfide bond exchange reactions when microcracks appear, significantly improving the long-term durability of the system under harsh environments such as freeze-thaw cycles. At the same time, the suitable porosity and humidity gradient created by the fractal network, in synergy with the microbial community introduced by the bio-activation liquid, guides beneficial microorganisms to colonize the rhizosphere and form functional biofilms, ultimately constructing an intelligent rhizosphere microclimate environment that can sense plant stress signals, dynamically match their water and heat needs, and can self-maintain, thereby achieving a synergistic improvement in water use efficiency, plant survival rate, and ecosystem stability. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To explain in detail the technical content, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the following description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0017] This invention relates to a method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Take 5 parts by weight of multilayer graphene nanosheets (thickness 2-5nm, lateral size 10-50μm) and disperse them in 100 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol, and sonicate for 2 hours (power 400W, frequency 40kHz). Add 2 parts by weight of cell membrane protein extract extracted from the root tip meristem of the target plant (such as Stipa). The extract contains transmembrane proteins such as hydrogen ion pumps and ion channels. Stir slowly at 4°C for 24 hours to allow the membrane proteins to self-assemble on the graphene surface through hydrophobic interactions. The above mixture was injected into a PDMS mold with microchannels (channel width 20μm, depth 15μm, fractal dendritic pattern), and vacuum-assisted filling was used to ensure that the solution completely entered the microstructure. Cover the mold surface with a layer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film and fumigate it in crosslinking agent (1% glutaraldehyde solution) vapor for 30 minutes to crosslink and solidify the protein. After demolding, a biocompatible flexible microelectrode array is obtained, with an impedance of 10-50 kΩ (tested at 1 kHz) and a tensile strain of up to 25%. Step 2: Prepare precursor solution A: Dissolve 10 parts by weight of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), 2 parts by weight of acrylic acid (AAc), and 0.1 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) in 50 parts by weight of phosphate buffer at pH 7.0; Preparation of precursor solution B: Dissolve 0.5 parts by weight of ferrocene derivative (electrochemically active molecule), 0.05 parts by weight of heme chloride (peroxidase mimic), and 0.2 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate in 20 parts by weight of buffer solution; The microelectrode array prepared in step 1 was immersed in precursor solution A, and then placed in an electrochemical workstation. Cyclic voltammetry was performed in the range of -0.2V to +0.6V (scan rate 50 mV / s, 3 cycles) to allow the monomer to electropolymerize on the electrode surface to form a thermosensitive hydrogel layer. The electrode was transferred to precursor solution B, and a constant potential of +0.4V was applied for 30 seconds to oxidize ferrocene to ferrocene cations, triggering a local free radical polymerization reaction to form a composite gel layer with electrochemical response. Step 3: Prepare three functional inks: Dissolve 4% sodium alginate, 2% cellulose nanofibers, and 0.5% iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (magnetic guiding agent) in deionized water to prepare water-conducting ink; dissolve 3% silk fibroin, 2% polycaprolactone, and 1% zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles (oxygen carrier) in hexafluoroisopropanol to prepare gas-conducting ink; and prepare 5% gelatin, 1% liposomes loaded with abscisic acid (ABA), and 0.5% quantum dots (ZnS:Mn) 2+ A stress fluorescence indicator was dissolved in a temperature-controlled aqueous solution (40°C) to prepare signal ink; A four-nozzle collaborative printing system was employed, with printhead temperatures of 25℃ (water conduction), 35℃ (air conduction), and 30℃ (signal conduction), and a printing pressure of 60-80 kPa. The fractal model (bifurcation level n=6, bifurcation ratio γ=0.79) was optimized according to pre-calculated Murray's law, and three layers of interpenetrating networks were printed simultaneously.

[0018] During the printing process, a rotating magnetic field (intensity 0.1T, frequency 1Hz) is applied to guide the iron oxide nanoparticles to align along the magnetic field direction, forming anisotropic water-conducting channels; After printing, perform the following processing in sequence: Immerse in 2% CaCl2 solution for 5 minutes for crosslinking; Treatment in ethanol vapor for 2 hours induces a conformational transition in silk fibroin. Cool the gelatin at 4°C to allow it to solidify. Step 4: At the end nodes of the fractal network, precisely inject 0.5 μL of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) prepolymer solution using a micro-injection system. This prepolymer solution contains the following components: 4-Pentoxybenzoic acid 4'-(6-Acryloyloxyhexyloxy)phenyl ester (mesocrystalline monomer): 85 parts by weight; 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (crosslinking agent): 10 parts by weight; Azobenzene derivative (photothermal conversion agent): 5 parts by weight; Localized ultraviolet irradiation (wavelength 365 nm, intensity 10 mW / cm) was applied at the node. 2 30 seconds, allowing LCE photopolymerization to form a micro-valve structure; The BSPM unit prepared in step 2 is soldered to the valve control node using conductive silver paste. Step 5: Mix 40 parts by weight of local soil and 20 parts by weight of biochar (specific surface area 500 m²). 2 / g, pore size 2-50nm), 10 parts by weight of attapulgite clay (nanor rod structure, aspect ratio >20), and 5 parts by weight of humic acid are mixed evenly, and the water content is adjusted to 25% to obtain the basic matrix. Lay the MBTM network prepared in step 3-4 at the bottom of the custom mold (10cm×10cm×5cm) to ensure that the spacing between the final branches is 5mm; The BSPM unit from step 2 is precisely implanted into the key nodes of the network (the traffic distribution points calculated based on fractal theory). The smart response microcapsules were uniformly distributed. The microcapsules were prepared in advance. In their structure, the wall material was a polyurethane / polydopamine composite layer (thickness 200nm), which was formed by interfacial polymerization. The core material contained (1) a tetradecane-hexadecane eutectic with a phase change temperature of -5℃; (2) a self-healing prepolymer containing dynamic disulfide bonds; (3) a dehydrogenase / peroxidase dual enzyme system; the particle size was 50-100μm, which was prepared by membrane emulsification. The microcapsules were filled with a basic matrix and gently compressed to a density of 1.2 g / cm³. 3 ; Inject bio-activation solution (each liter contains: 10 spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae) 5One, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, *Sinorhizobium meliloti* 10 8 CFU (1 mL of plant root exudate extract) until saturated; Pre-cultured for 14 days in an incubator simulating natural light-dark cycles (12h / 12h) and daily temperature variations (5-25℃), during which simulated root electrical stimulation (0.5mV, 0.1Hz pulse) was applied periodically.

[0019] The working principle of the above scheme is as follows: When plant roots sense water stress, they generate a characteristic sequence of electrical signals. The biomimetic microelectrode array in the BSPM captures these signals, which are then efficiently transmitted through the graphene-membrane protein interface. The ferrocene / heme system converts these electrical signals into chemical signals (H₂O₂ generation). Changes in hydrogen peroxide concentration trigger a phase transition in the thermosensitive hydrogel, altering its permeability. This change in permeability regulates ion flow, generating a secondary electrical signal that amplifies the initial stimulus.

[0020] The MBTM network achieves precise delivery through multi-scale collaboration: the fractal structure follows Murray's law to minimize flow resistance and achieve efficient distribution from the main trunk (1 mm in diameter) to the tip (50 μm in diameter); magnetically arranged iron oxide chains form directional water-guiding channels, and ZIF-8 nanoparticles in the gas-guiding channels reversibly adsorb / release oxygen through coordination; the liquid crystal elastomer valve undergoes millimeter-level deformation upon receiving the BSPM signal to control local flux.

[0021] Water regulation: When the system senses an increase in the frequency of root electrical signals (a sign of drought stress): The opening degree of LCE valves in the corresponding area increases by 30-50%; The temperature-sensitive gel in the water-conducting channel wall shrinks, increasing the hydraulic conductivity; Microcapsules release stored water when stimulated by organic acids secreted by the roots.

[0022] Oxygen management: Based on changes in quantum dot fluorescence intensity (reflecting soil compaction): adjust the permeability of the air-conducting channel walls; activate the oxygen release function of ZIF-8 nanoparticles; and consume excess carbon dioxide through enzymatic reactions (dehydrogenases).

[0023] Microbial regulation: The system guides beneficial microorganisms to colonize around the roots by releasing specific signaling molecules (ABA gradient) and creating a suitable physical environment (pore structure, humidity gradient), forming a functional microbial film.

[0024] Damage response: When microcracks are generated in the material due to freeze-thaw cycles, stress concentration at the crack activates quantum dot fluorescence; the fluorescence signal is sensed by the nearby photosensitive LCE valve; valve deformation increases local pressure, causing the microcapsules to rupture; the released self-healing prepolymer repairs the damage through disulfide bond exchange reaction.

[0025] Performance degradation compensation: The system has built-in negative feedback regulation: It periodically monitors the electrical signal transmission efficiency (impedance change); when the efficiency drops below the threshold, it activates the enzyme system in the microcapsule; the enzymatic reaction produces hydrogen peroxide, which cleans the electrode surface and restores sensitivity.

[0026] Electrode impedance matching: The impedance of the microelectrode array is controlled in the range of 10-50 kΩ to match the impedance of typical plant tissue (1-100 kΩ) to ensure signal acquisition efficiency. Fractal structure optimization: Adjust the number of branching levels (n=5-7) and the branching angle (60-90°) of the fractal network according to the root system configuration (deep root type or shallow root type) of the target plant. Response time control: By controlling the gel crosslinking density (BIS concentration 0.05-0.2%) and the conductive filler content (graphene 1-5%), the overall system response time is controlled within 100-500ms; Long-term stability guaranteed: the thickness of the polydopamine coating is controlled at 100-300nm, with a UV blocking rate of >90%; the encapsulation rate of the self-healing microcapsules is >95%.

[0027] System Configuration and Deployment Scheme Module specifications: The standardized module size is 10cm×10cm×5cm, which is convenient for mechanized installation; Installation strategy: Design a three-dimensional installation plan based on the plant community structure. Below deep-rooted plants: modules are buried at a depth of 15-20cm, and the MBTM network is mainly vertically fractal; Below shallow-rooted plants: modules are buried 5-10cm deep, and the network is mainly horizontal fractal; Connection scheme: Adjacent modules are physically and electrically connected through magnetic connectors (Fe3O4-based) to form a distributed sensor network; Start-up procedure: After laying, pour in the start-up solution (containing low concentration H2O2 0.1mM) to activate the electrochemical response system.

[0028] Special environmental adaptability design In response to the unique environmental conditions of the grasslands and plateaus: Freeze-thaw resistant design: The phase change temperature of the microcapsule core material is set at -5℃, which is lower than the freezing temperature of common soils, and the latent heat of phase change buffers temperature fluctuations; the dynamic disulfide bonds still maintain exchange activity at -20℃; UV-resistant design: The polydopamine coating and quantum dot (ZnS shell) provide dual UV protection, and the material retains >80% of its performance under natural light for 300 days. Salt and alkali resistant design: Sodium alginate-Ca 2+ The cross-linked network retains a swelling ratio of >70% in 0.3M NaCl solution; the AAc monomer provides pH buffering capacity (pKa≈4.5). Biosafety design: All synthetic materials have passed ISO 10993 biocompatibility testing; degradation products are CO2, H2O and small molecule organic acids, with a biodegradation rate of >60% after 180 days.

[0029] Example 1 A method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat, the specific steps of which are as follows: Step 1: Disperse 5.0 parts by weight of multilayer graphene nanosheets (thickness 3±1 nm, lateral dimension 30±15 μm) in 100 parts by weight of 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and sonicate them in an ice bath for 2 hours (power 400W, frequency 40 kHz).

[0030] Add 2.0 parts by weight of cell membrane protein extract extracted from the root tip meristem of pre-cultured Stipa seedlings for 30 days (extracted using Tris-HCl buffer and purified by ultracentrifugation). Stir magnetically at 4°C and 300 rpm for 24 hours.

[0031] Transfer the mixture to a syringe pump and inject it into a PDMS mold (microchannel width 20 μm, depth 15 μm, pattern of fractal dendrites with a Hurst exponent of 0.75) at a flow rate of 1 mL / min. Maintain a vacuum of -0.09 MPa for 15 minutes to ensure complete filling.

[0032] Cover the mold surface with a 12 μm thick polyvinylidene fluoride film, place it in a sealed container, and fumigate it with 1.0% glutaraldehyde solution vapor at 25°C for 30 minutes.

[0033] After demolding, a flexible microelectrode array was obtained. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (frequency range 0.1 Hz - 100 kHz, amplitude 10 mV) was used to test its impedance at 1 kHz, which was 28 ± 5 kΩ; a universal testing machine was used to test its maximum tensile strain, which was 26 ± 3%.

[0034] Step 2: Prepare precursor solution A: Accurately weigh 10.0 parts by weight of N-isopropylacrylamide, 2.0 parts by weight of acrylic acid, and 0.10 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and dissolve them in 50 parts by weight of 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0.

[0035] Preparation of precursor solution B: Accurately weigh 0.50 parts by weight of 1,1'-dimethylferrocene, 0.05 parts by weight of heme chloride, and 0.20 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate, and dissolve them in 20 parts by weight of the same buffer solution.

[0036] The microelectrode array prepared in step 1 was used as the working electrode, the Ag / AgCl electrode as the reference electrode, and the platinum sheet as the counter electrode, all immersed in precursor solution A. Using an electrochemical workstation, three cycles of cyclic voltammetry were performed within the potential range of -0.2 V to +0.6 V (vs. Ag / AgCl) at a scan rate of 50 mV / s.

[0037] Remove the electrode, gently blot away excess droplets with filter paper, and quickly transfer it to precursor solution B. Apply a constant potential of +0.4 V (vs. Ag / AgCl) for 30 seconds. After completion, rinse with ultrapure water and dry with nitrogen.

[0038] Step 3: Prepare water-conducting ink: Add 4.0 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 2.0 parts by weight of cellulose nanocrystals, and 0.50 parts by weight of iron oxide nanoparticles with an average particle size of 20 nm to 93.5 parts by weight of deionized water, and homogenize at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes.

[0039] Preparation of the gas-conducting ink: Add 3.0 parts by weight of silk fibroin (weight average molecular weight 80 kDa), 2.0 parts by weight of polycaprolactone (Mn=50,000), 1.0 parts by weight of ZIF-8 nanoparticles (particle size 100 nm) to 94 parts by weight of hexafluoroisopropanol, and stir magnetically at 40°C until completely dissolved.

[0040] Preparation of signal ink: 5.0 parts by weight of gelatin (Bloom 250), 1.0 parts by weight of liposomes loaded with 100 μg / mL abscisic acid (particle size ~150 nm), and 0.50 parts by weight of ZnS:Mn 2+ Quantum dots (emission wavelength 585 nm) were added to 93.5 parts by weight of 0.1 M PBS buffer at 40°C and stirred to dissolve.

[0041] Use a bio-3D printer equipped with four independently temperature-controlled nozzles. Set the nozzle temperatures to 25°C (water conduction), 35°C (air conduction), and 30°C (signal conduction). Load the three types of ink into syringes respectively.

[0042] A fractal model (trunk diameter 1.0 mm, number of bifurcation levels 6, bifurcation ratio 0.79, bifurcation angle 75°) was calculated and generated based on Murray's law (principle of minimum power consumption). The printing path was set with a layer height of 0.2 mm and a printing speed of 8 mm / s. During printing, a rotating magnetic field with an intensity of 0.1 T and a frequency of 1 Hz was applied below the printing platform.

[0043] After printing, the structure was immersed in a 2.0% CaCl2 aqueous solution for 5 minutes for crosslinking. It was then transferred to an ethanol vapor environment for 2 hours. Finally, it was placed on a 4°C cooling table for 30 minutes to allow the gelatin to fully cure.

[0044] Step 4: Prepare liquid crystal elastomer prepolymer solution: Weigh 85 parts by weight of mesocrystalline monomer RM257, 10 parts by weight of crosslinking agent 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 5 parts by weight of photothermal conversion agent 4-(phenylazo)phenol, add 0.5 parts by weight of photoinitiator Irgacure 819, and stir to dissolve at 60°C in the dark.

[0045] Using a microinjection system, 0.5 μL of the prepolymer solution was precisely injected at the sixth-level branch node at the end of the fractal network obtained in step 3.

[0046] Immediately use a 365 nm wavelength ultraviolet LED point light source (intensity 10 mW / cm²). 2 Irradiate the injection point vertically for 30 seconds.

[0047] Using conductive silver paste, the leads of the microelectrode array with the conversion layer prepared in step 2 are soldered to the conductive contacts near the valve node.

[0048] Step 5: Preparation of the basic substrate: 40 parts by weight of local degraded grassland soil (organic matter content 1.2%) that has passed through a 2 mm sieve and has a specific surface area of ​​520 m² 2 Mix 20 parts by weight of biochar (particle size 1-2 mm), 10 parts by weight of activated attapulgite clay (length-to-diameter ratio ~25), and 5 parts by weight of humic acid (purity >90%). Adjust the moisture content to 25% by spraying with deionized water.

[0049] Take a custom polycarbonate mold (internal cavity dimensions 10.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 5.0 cm). Lay the integrated network prepared in step 4 flat on the bottom of the mold, ensuring that the spacing between the final branch nodes is 5.0 ± 0.5 mm.

[0050] The remaining microelectrode arrays prepared in step 2 were then implanted into five other key nodes in the network, based on the pre-calculated potential current distribution.

[0051] Evenly distribute 20 parts by weight of the pre-prepared smart responsive microcapsules (preparation method described below). Slowly fill the prepared base matrix and gently compact to a density of 1.2 g / cm³. 3 .

[0052] Inject bioactivation solution (each liter contains: 1.0 × 10⁶ Glomus intraradices spores) 5 The viable count of *Sinorhizobium meliloti* was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8CFU (1.0 mL of ethanol extract of Stipa root secretions) until the liquid level is flush with the substrate surface.

[0053] The entire mold was placed in an artificial climate chamber. A light / dark cycle of 12 h / 12 ​​h was set (light intensity 300 μmol·m). -2 ·s -1 The temperature cycle was 5℃ (dark period) / 25℃ (light period). Pre-culture was performed for 14 days, during which a simulated signal (0.5 mV, 0.1 Hz square wave, lasting 10 minutes) was applied every 48 hours via the implanted electrode.

[0054] Demolding yields the finished product control module.

[0055] Preparation (pre-preparation) of intelligent responsive microcapsules: A membrane emulsification-interfacial polymerization method was employed. The aqueous phase consisted of Tris buffer (pH 8.5) containing 1.0% polyethyleneimine and 0.1% dopamine hydrochloride. The oil phase consisted of 85 parts by weight of a tetradecane-hexadecane eutectic mixture (6:4 by mass, phase transition point -5.2℃), 10 parts by weight of a thiol-terminated polyurethane prepolymer (containing disulfide bonds, Mn=5000), and 5 parts by weight of a lyophilized mixture of dehydrogenase and horseradish peroxidase. The oil phase was injected into the aqueous phase at 5000 rpm to form a primary emulsion, which was then passed through a 3 μm pore size Shirasu porous glass membrane under 0.2 MPa nitrogen pressure to prepare homogeneous droplets. The droplets were collected, and a 0.5% toluene-2,4-diisocyanate solution was added. The reaction was carried out at 50℃ for 4 hours. After centrifugation, washing, and freeze-drying, microcapsules with a particle size of 75 ± 15 μm were obtained.

[0056] Comparative Example 1 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that, in step 1, the cell membrane protein extract of *Stipa fusiforme* root tip is not added; only a purified graphene nanosheet dispersion is used. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that, in step 2, the ferrocene derivative (1,1'-dimethylferrocene) in precursor solution B is replaced with an equimolar concentration of potassium ferrocyanide. The remaining steps and parameters are identical.

[0058] Comparative Example 3 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that, in step 3, iron(III) oxide nanoparticles are not added when preparing the water-conducting ink, and the rotating magnetic field applied during the printing process is removed. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same.

[0059] Comparative Example 4 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that, in step 3, the printed fractal model is changed to a simple orthogonal mesh structure (with a consistent channel width of 500 μm), instead of a fractal structure optimized based on Murray's law. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same.

[0060] Comparative Example 5 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that, in step 4, the photothermal conversion agent (4-(phenylazo)phenol) in the liquid crystal elastomer prepolymer is replaced with an equal mass of inert filler silica nanoparticles. The valve retains only thermal response and loses photoresponsiveness. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same.

[0061] Comparative Example 6 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that step 4 is omitted and the environmentally responsive microvalves are not assembled. The fractal network ends remain open. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same.

[0062] Comparative Example 7 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that, in step 5, when preparing the smart responsive microcapsules, the core material does not contain the terminal thiol-based polyurethane self-healing prepolymer. The remaining steps and parameters are identical.

[0063] Comparative Example 8 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that, in step 5, the bioactivation solution does not contain spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus *Glomus intraradices*. The remaining steps and parameters are identical.

[0064] Comparative Example 9 The scheme in Example 1 differs in that the order of step 2 (construction of the signal conversion layer) and step 4 (assembly of the microvalve) is reversed. That is, the passive valve without signal control is assembled first, and then the conversion layer is constructed. The two are connected only through physical contact, without electrochemical signal linkage design. The remaining steps and parameters are exactly the same.

[0065] Comparative Example 10 The solution in Example 1 differs in that it uses a commercially available water-retaining agent (potassium polyacrylate, particle size 0.3-1 mm) and ordinary organic fertilizer in a simple physical mixture at a 1:1 mass ratio to create modules of the same size and buried at the same depth. It does not contain any signal sensing, conversion, fractal network, or microvalve structures.

[0066] Experimental methods: Experimental Materials and Design: Test plants and containers: Healthy, uniformly sized 2-year-old Stipa capillata seedlings were selected. They were planted in polyethylene pots of uniform specifications (top diameter 30 cm, bottom diameter 25 cm, height 40 cm), with drainage holes at the bottom of the pots.

[0067] Test soil: Chestnut soil was collected from a typical degraded grassland area, air-dried, sieved through a 5 mm sieve, and mixed evenly. Each container was filled with an equal amount (25 kg) of soil, and the initial soil volumetric moisture content was adjusted to 12%.

[0068] Experimental treatments: Thirteen treatment groups were set up, including: Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-10, and blank soil control. Each treatment group had 8 biological replicates (i.e., 8 pots) arranged in a completely randomized block design.

[0069] Application treatment: Individual modules (10 cm × 10 cm × 5 cm) prepared for each example and comparative example were horizontally buried 10 cm below the taproot zone when planting plants. The blank control was not treated with any material.

[0070] Cultivation and Water Management: The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment growth chamber. The light / dark cycle was set to 14 h / 10 h, the day / night temperature to be 25℃ / 15℃, and the light intensity to be 600 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The relative humidity is 60%±5%.

[0071] Soil moisture was controlled using a gravimetric method. Weighing was performed daily at 18:00, and deionized water was added to maintain the weight of each pot of soil at a level corresponding to a matrix potential of -35 ± 5 kPa. The total irrigation amount was recorded throughout the entire experimental period (90 days) for subsequent calculations.

[0072] Test items and methods: System electrophysiological response performance: Response time: On day 60 of the experiment, a 0.5 mV square wave signal with a pulse width of 100 ms was applied using a programmable electrical stimulator via an Ag / AgCl microelectrode inserted 1 mm from the nearest lateral root of the module to simulate root action potential. The output voltage of the module's built-in electrode (prepared in step 2) was synchronously recorded using a high-speed data acquisition system (sampling rate 10 kHz). This was repeated 5 times, and the average value of the time required for the potential change amplitude to reach 90% of the maximum steady-state value was taken.

[0073] System moisture regulation performance: Water release and transpiration rhythm matching: Monitoring was conducted continuously for 72 hours from days 45 to 48 of the experiment (plant growth stabilization period). The sap flow rate of the main stem was continuously measured (unit: g·h) using a heat ratio stem flow meter (e.g., ICT International SFM1). -1 The transpiration rate was used as the transpiration rate. Simultaneously, the rate of water release collected from the designated outlet of the module (in g·h) was continuously measured using a custom-designed micro water collector and a precision electronic balance (accuracy 0.001 g). -1After standardizing the two sets of time series data (with a mean every 10 minutes), their coefficients of determination (R²) are calculated. 2 ).

[0074] System structural durability (destructive sampling test): Prepare parallel samples (n=5) containing only modules and no plants for freeze-thaw cycle testing.

[0075] Post-freeze-thaw structural integrity: Parallel sample modules were placed in a high-low temperature alternating test chamber. A cycle program was set: -20℃ for 12 hours, then increased to +15℃ at a rate of 1℃ / min and held for 12 hours; this constituted one cycle. After every 10 cycles, 5 modules were removed and immediately subjected to Micro-CT scanning (10 μm resolution). Image analysis software (such as Avizo) was used to perform 3D reconstruction and segmentation of the scan data, calculating the percentage of the initial printed duct network volume of the intact, continuous, and crack-free biomimetic conduit network.

[0076] Plant growth and physiological response (measured on day 90 of the experiment): Leaf water potential: Before dawn (04:00-05:00), the middle section of the newly fully expanded leaf was measured using a pressure chamber (such as PMS Model 1505D).

[0077] Net photosynthetic rate: On a sunny morning (09:00-11:00), using a portable photosynthesis measurement system (such as LI-6800), under standard light (600 μmol·m⁻¹) in the growth chamber. -2 ·s -1 Functional leaves were measured under the conditions of CO2 concentration of 400 ppm and leaf chamber temperature of 25℃.

[0078] Root system architecture analysis: After the experiment, carefully remove the complete root ball and gently rinse it with water. Use a root scanner (such as EPSON Expression 12000XL) and professional analysis software (such as WinRHIZO Pro) to analyze the total root length, root surface area, and root volume, and statistically analyze the percentage of root length in the soil layer >30 cm according to depth.

[0079] Mycorrhizal infection rate: Approximately 1 g of fine roots with a diameter less than 1 mm were randomly selected from the rinsed root system, washed, and cut into 1 cm segments. Tribenzyl blue staining was used, and after slide preparation, at least 100 root segments were observed under a microscope (200×) using a grid cross method. The percentage of root segments infected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal structures (arbuscular, vesicle, hyphae) was calculated.

[0080] Water use efficiency assessment: The plant water use efficiency (WUE) for the entire experimental period (90 days) was calculated using the formula: WUE = Total aboveground dry weight at harvest (g) / Total water consumption (kg). The total water consumption was the sum of the total irrigation amount for each pot and the change in soil water storage before and after the experiment (calculated using soil moisture content).

[0081] Data processing: All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

[0082] One-way ANOVA was used to compare differences among different treatment groups, and Tukey's HSD test was used for multiple comparisons. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

[0083] The experimental results are shown in Tables 1 and 2: Table 1 Table 2 Results analysis: Comparative Example 1 compared to Example 1: The electrical signal response time was significantly prolonged (450 ms vs 135 ms); the water release-transpiration matching degree (R 2 The mycorrhizal infection rate decreased significantly (0.51 vs 0.86); the water use efficiency (WUE) decreased (50.2% vs 73.5%).

[0084] Explanation: The lack of a plant-specific biological interface prevents the system from efficiently and quickly "decoding" root electrophysiological signals, causing a malfunction in the "sensing" source of intelligent response. This not only directly slows down the response speed but also leads to a disconnect between water supply and the plant's actual needs (poor matching degree) due to inaccurate instructions. This, in turn, affects the plant's water status (high water potential), photosynthesis, and the establishment of symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi, ultimately resulting in a significant decrease in water use efficiency. This demonstrates that a plant-specific interface is the cornerstone for achieving efficient plant-system communication.

[0085] Comparative Example 2 compared to Example 1: Response time increased (320 ms vs 135 ms); moisture matching decreased (0.60 vs 0.86); WUE decreased (2.40 vs 3.15 g / kg).

[0086] Explanation: The alteration of the specific electrochemical conversion system of ferrocene / heme weakens the efficiency and fidelity of signal conversion. Although some response functionality is retained, the delay and distortion in signal transmission directly affect the timeliness and accuracy of subsequent regulation, leading to a decline in overall regulatory performance. This demonstrates that an efficient and specific electrochemical signal cascade amplification mechanism is the core hub for achieving precise and rapid regulation.

[0087] Comparative Example 3 compared to Example 1: Moisture matching decreased (0.70 vs 0.86); the proportion of deep roots decreased (29.3% vs 34.8%); WUE decreased (2.55 vs 3.15 g / kg).

[0088] Explanation: The lack of magnetically induced directional water-guiding channels increases the resistance and reduces the efficiency of water transport within the fractal network. This affects the system's ability to rapidly and directionally transport water to the required locations, resulting in a poorer synchronization between water supply and transpiration demand. It also fails to effectively induce root growth to utilize deeper water layers, ultimately limiting the improvement of water utilization efficiency (WUE). This demonstrates that structural anisotropy is crucial for optimizing mass transport paths and improving system response efficiency.

[0089] Comparative Example 4 compared to Example 1: The structural integrity was significantly reduced after freeze-thaw cycles (65.3% vs 91.2%); the moisture matching (0.65) and WUE (2.30) were also low.

[0090] Note: Simple mesh structures cannot uniformly distribute environmental stresses such as freeze-thaw cycles like fractal structures optimized based on Murray's law, making materials more susceptible to mechanical damage. The loss of structural integrity directly disrupts the continuous channels for water and oxygen transport, leading to functional failure. Simultaneously, non-optimized flow channel design also affects transport efficiency. This demonstrates that biomimetic fractal optimization is not only a fluid dynamics requirement but also crucial for ensuring the long-term structural stability and functional durability of the system under harsh environments.

[0091] Comparative Example 5 compared to Example 1 Moisture matching decreased (0.75 vs 0.86); the proportion of deep roots decreased slightly (30.2% vs 34.8%); WUE decreased (2.78 vs 3.15 g / kg).

[0092] Explanation: The valve retains only its thermal response capability while losing its light response capability, weakening the system's ability to synchronously respond to the important environmental factor of aboveground light conditions (through photothermal conversion). This reduces the system's flexibility and predictability during day-night cycles or changes in weather, making it unable to fully utilize changes in light intensity to predict trends in plant transpiration demand, resulting in regulatory lag and limiting the matching degree and WUE. This demonstrates that the multimodal response capability of the actuator (valve) is a crucial guarantee for the system to achieve high-precision environmental adaptive regulation.

[0093] Comparative Example 6 compared to Example 1: Extremely low water matching (0.45 vs 0.86); deteriorating leaf water potential (-1.30 vs -0.89 MPa); low photosynthetic rate (8.5 vs 12.5 μmol·m⁻¹). -2 ·s -1 ); one of the lowest WUE values ​​(2.10 vs 3.15 g / kg).

[0094] Explanation: The complete absence of a local flux control unit degenerates the system into a passive, uniform "reservoir" that can only release water passively, resulting in a severe disconnect from the dynamic and non-uniform transpiration demands of plants. This directly leads to plants being under chronic water stress (high water potential), severely inhibiting photosynthesis and growth, and resulting in extremely low water utilization efficiency (WUE). This demonstrates that dynamically adjustable microvalves are indispensable execution terminals for achieving precise "on-demand, on-location" water supply, serving as the "hands and feet" of an intelligent system.

[0095] Comparative Example 7 compared to Example 1 The structural integrity was significantly reduced after freeze-thaw cycles (62.5% vs 91.2%). Although its short-term moisture matching (0.84) and physiological parameters were acceptable, its WUE (3.05) was still slightly lower than that of Example 1.

[0096] Explanation: The lack of self-healing capabilities means that after experiencing mechanical damage such as freeze-thaw cycles, the system's internal delicate structures cannot recover, leading to functional degradation or even loss. This reveals that even an intelligent system with excellent initial performance will suffer significant long-term performance degradation if durability is lacking. It demonstrates that a built-in self-healing mechanism is essential for maintaining the long-term reliable operation of an intelligent system and ensuring its functional lifespan.

[0097] Comparative Example 8 compared to Example 1 The mycorrhizal infection rate was extremely low (22.5% vs 73.5%). Although its water matching (0.85) and structural integrity (90.5%) were good, and the plant water potential (-0.95 MPa) was acceptable, the WUE (2.88) was still significantly lower than that of Example 1.

[0098] Explanation: Without key symbiotic microorganisms, the system loses its ability to expand root absorption range, enhance plant stress resistance, and improve nutrient acquisition through biological pathways. This results in plants having adequate water supply, but their overall growth, metabolic efficiency, and resource utilization efficiency are not optimal, limiting further improvement in WUE (Weighted Energy Usage). This demonstrates that synergistic integration with functional microorganisms is a crucial step in upgrading from "physical regulation" to "bio-physical synergistic regulation" and achieving hierarchical functional optimization of the ecosystem.

[0099] Comparative Example 9 compared to Example 1 Response time increased (290 ms vs 135 ms); moisture matching decreased (0.55 vs 0.86); WUE decreased (2.35 vs 3.15 g / kg).

[0100] Explanation: Changing the process flow from "building the signal conversion layer first, then assembling the valve" disrupts the in-situ integration and functional coupling of the signal sensing unit and the execution unit at the material level. The two only form a loose physical connection, resulting in low signal transmission efficiency, delayed response, and a significant decrease in overall control performance. This demonstrates that a specific, integrated fabrication process is the unseen key to ensuring deep collaboration among functional modules and achieving optimal overall system performance.

[0101] Comparative Example 10 compared to Example 1: All data were significantly worse than in Example 1: especially in the case of water molecule mismatch (R 2 =0.25), structural freeze-thaw resistance (31.5%), plant physiological state (water potential -1.65 MPa, photosynthetic rate 6.8 μmol·m⁻¹), -2 ·s -1 The difference between the actual value and the final WUE (1.65 g / kg) is huge.

[0102] Note: Simple physical hybrid materials completely lack advanced functions such as signal sensing, intelligent response, structural optimization, self-repair, and biosynthesis. Their performance is generationally inferior to the complex intelligent system constructed in this invention, fully demonstrating the technological advancements and significant effects of this invention.

[0103] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizospheres, characterized in that, The following steps are performed sequentially: Step 1: Disperse multilayer graphene nanosheets in an aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol, sonicate them, and then add cell membrane protein extracts extracted from the root tip meristem of the target plant. Stir at low temperature to allow the membrane proteins to self-assemble on the graphene surface. The mixture is injected into a PDMS mold with microchannels. After vacuum-assisted filling, a polyvinylidene fluoride film is covered on the surface of the mold, and then the mold is fumigated and cross-linked in cross-linking agent vapor for curing. After demolding, a flexible microelectrode array is obtained; Step 2: Prepare precursor solution A containing N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid and crosslinking agent, and precursor solution B containing ferrocene derivative, heme chloride and initiator; The microelectrode array prepared in step 1 was immersed in precursor solution A, and the monomers were electropolymerized on the electrode surface to form a temperature-sensitive hydrogel layer by cyclic voltammetry scanning. The electrode was transferred to precursor solution B, and a constant potential was applied to trigger a local free radical polymerization reaction to form a composite gel layer with electrochemical response. Step 3: Prepare three functional inks: water-conducting ink, air-conducting ink, and signal ink; use a multi-nozzle collaborative printing system to simultaneously print three layers of interpenetrating networks based on a fractal model optimized according to Murray's law; During the printing process, a rotating magnetic field is applied to guide the water channel to form an anisotropic structure; After printing, chemical crosslinking, conformational induction, and low-temperature curing are performed sequentially. Step 4: Precisely inject liquid crystal elastomer prepolymer liquid into the end nodes of the fractal network using a micro-injection system; apply local ultraviolet light to the nodes to photopolymerize the prepolymer liquid to form a micro valve structure; weld the microelectrode array prepared in Step 2 to the valve control node; Step 5: Mix soil, biochar, attapulgite clay and humic acid to prepare the basic matrix; The fractal network prepared in step 4 is laid at the bottom of the mold, and the microelectrode array in step 2 is implanted into the key nodes of the network. After dispensing pre-prepared smart responsive microcapsules, they are filled into a basic matrix; Inject a bio-activating solution containing extracts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and plant root secretions; Pre-cultured under conditions simulating natural light-dark cycles and diurnal temperature variations, during which simulated root electrical stimulation was applied.

2. The method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1: the thickness of the multilayer graphene nanosheets is 2-5 nm, and the lateral dimension is 10-50 μm; The mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 0.5%; The cell membrane protein extract was extracted from the root tip meristem of the target plant and contains hydrogen ion pumps and ion channel transmembrane proteins. The microchannels of the PDMS mold have a width of 20μm and a depth of 15μm, and the pattern is fractal dendritic. The crosslinking agent is a 1% glutaraldehyde solution, and the fumigation time is 30 minutes; The resulting flexible microelectrode array has an impedance of 10-50kΩ and a tensile strain of up to 25%.

3. The method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2: The weight ratio of N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid, and crosslinking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide in the precursor solution A is 10:2:0.

1. The weight ratio of ferrocene derivative, heme chloride, and ammonium persulfate in the precursor solution B is 0.5:0.05:0.

2. The parameters for the cyclic voltammetric scan are: scan range -0.2V to +0.6V, scan rate 50mV / s, and 3 cycles; The constant potential is +0.4V, and the application time is 30 seconds.

4. The method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3: the water-conducting ink contains 4% sodium alginate, 2% cellulose nanofibers and 0.5% iron oxide nanoparticles; The air-conducting ink contains 3% silk fibroin, 2% polycaprolactone and 1% zeolite imidazole framework-8 nanoparticles. The signal ink contains 5% gelatin, 1% liposomes loaded with abscisic acid, and 0.5% quantum dots; The printhead temperatures of the printing system are 25℃, 35℃, and 30℃, and the printing pressure is 60-80kPa; the fractal model has a bifurcation level of 6 and a bifurcation ratio of 0.79; the intensity of the rotating magnetic field is 0.1T and the frequency is 1Hz; the chemical crosslinking is performed using a 2% CaCl2 solution for 5 minutes; the conformational transformation is induced by treatment in ethanol vapor for 2 hours; and the low-temperature curing is achieved by cooling at 4℃.

5. The method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4: the liquid crystal elastomer prepolymer liquid contains the following components by weight: 85 parts of mesocrystalline monomer, 10 parts of crosslinking agent 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, and 5 parts of photothermal conversion agent azobenzene derivative; the wavelength of the ultraviolet light irradiation is 365nm, the intensity is 10mW / cm², and the irradiation time is 30 seconds; the phase transition temperature of the micro-valve structure is 35℃.

6. The method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, the composition of the basic substrate, by weight, is: 40 parts local soil, with a specific surface area of ​​500 m². 2 / g of biochar with a pore size of 2-50nm, 10 parts of attapulgite clay with an aspect ratio >20, and 5 parts of humic acid; the preparation method of the intelligent responsive microcapsules is as follows: a polyurethane / polydopamine composite wall material with a thickness of 200nm is formed by interfacial polymerization. The core material comprises a tetradecane-hexadecane eutectic with a phase transition temperature of -5℃, a self-healing prepolymer containing dynamic disulfide bonds, and a dehydrogenase / peroxidase dual-enzyme system; microcapsules with a particle size of 50-100 μm are prepared by membrane emulsification; the concentration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores in the bioactivation solution is 10. 5 The concentration of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was 10 CFU / L. 8 CFU / L; the pre-culture conditions are: light-dark cycle 12h / 12h, daily temperature variation 5-25℃, culture time 14 days; the parameters of the simulated root electrical stimulation are: voltage 0.5mV, frequency 0.1Hz.

7. The method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat according to claim 6, characterized in that: The self-healing prepolymer containing dynamic disulfide bonds is a thiol-terminated polyurethane prepolymer, whose disulfide bonds in the molecular chain remain exchangeable at -20℃; the quantum dots are ZnS:Mn 2+ The core-shell structure has a ZnS outer shell, which provides UV protection; the polydopamine coating has a UV blocking rate of more than 90%.

8. The method for adaptively regulating the microclimate environment of plant rhizosphere by adjusting water and heat according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system deployment steps also include: configuring the modules obtained in step 5 according to the standardized size of 10cm×10cm×5cm; determining the burial depth according to the type of plant root system: 15-20cm below deep-rooted plants and 5-10cm below shallow-rooted plants; physical and electrical connection between adjacent modules through magnetic connectors; and activating the system by pouring a start-up solution containing 0.1mM H2O2 after laying.

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