Self-powered capacitance pen based on flexible perovskite

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flexible electronic equipment, and discloses a self-powered capacitance pen based on flexible perovskite, which comprises a flexible perovskite power generation module, an energy management module, a control signal and processing module and an interactive input module in two-way communication with the control signal and processing module which are electrically connected, and each module is integrated in a pen body; the flexible perovskite power generation module is attached to the arc-shaped surface of the pen body; the flexible perovskite power generation module is used for converting light energy into electric energy; the energy management module is used for storing and distributing electric energy; the control signal and processing module is used for signal processing and communication; the interactive input module is used for collecting writing signals. By adopting the technical scheme that the flexible perovskite power generation module and the capacitance pen are integrated, self-powered operation of the capacitance pen is achieved, and the problem that the endurance of the capacitance pen is limited in outdoor sketching, mobile office, multi-device sharing and other scenes without fixed charging conditions is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flexible electronic device technology, specifically to a self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid iteration of flexible electronics technology, flexible touch devices, with their core advantages of portability and strong adaptability, are increasingly widely used in consumer electronics and commercial office fields, becoming mainstream devices in scenarios such as outdoor sketching, mobile office, and campus teaching. As a core supporting writing tool for flexible touch devices, the performance of the capacitive pen directly affects the user experience, such as accurate writing and drawing. It must simultaneously meet the flexibility required to match the curved shape of the device and the stable touch signal transmission capability to adapt to diverse usage needs.

[0003] However, existing power supply solutions for capacitive pens have significant limitations and are difficult to adapt to usage scenarios without fixed charging conditions. Mainstream magnetic wireless charging, Type-C wired charging, and charging case charging all rely on external power sources or supporting hardware. Magnetic charging cannot replenish battery life after being removed from the tablet. Type-C wired charging requires carrying an additional cable and the interface is prone to wear and tear. Charging case charging is limited by the battery capacity of the case. Frequent charging or battery interruption will seriously affect the continuity of creation. Even if a few self-powered capacitive pens use OPV material to generate electricity, their energy conversion efficiency is insufficient and cannot meet the battery life requirements of medium- and high-frequency writing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite, which solves the problem of limited battery life in scenarios where users rely on external power sources such as magnetic attraction, Type-C wired connection, or charging case, resulting in limited battery life for users in situations where there is no fixed charging condition, such as outdoor sketching, mobile office work, or sharing multiple devices.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite, comprising: a flexible perovskite power generation module, an energy management module, a control signal and processing module electrically connected, and an interactive input module that communicates bidirectionally with the control signal and processing module, wherein each module is integrated inside the pen body; The flexible perovskite power generation module is fitted to the curved surface of the pen body; The flexible perovskite power generation module is used to convert light energy into electrical energy; The energy management module is used for energy storage and distribution; The control signal and processing module is used for signal processing and communication; The interactive input module is used to collect writing signals.

[0006] Preferably, the flexible perovskite power generation module includes a flexible perovskite power generation layer, an alumina barrier film, and butyl rubber. The alumina barrier film is respectively encapsulated on the upper and lower surfaces of the flexible perovskite power generation layer, and the butyl rubber is filled between the alumina barrier film and the flexible perovskite power generation layer.

[0007] Preferably, the flexible perovskite power generation layer is a mixed system of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite and formamidinium cesium lead iodide perovskite, with a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 20-25% in a low-light environment of 500 lux indoors, and a stable output power of ≥50μW.

[0008] Preferably, the energy management module includes a supercapacitor, a lithium battery, and a charge / discharge management chip, wherein the charge / discharge management chip is electrically connected to the flexible perovskite power generation module, the supercapacitor, the lithium battery, and the control signal and processing module, respectively. When there is sufficient sunlight, the power of the flexible perovskite power generation module is prioritized to supply the working module, and the excess power is sequentially charged into the supercapacitor and the lithium battery; when there is insufficient sunlight, the supercapacitor discharges first, and the lithium battery seamlessly switches to power supply after it is depleted; when there is no light, the lithium battery supplies power alone.

[0009] Preferably, the control signal and processing module includes a main control MCU chip, a signal transmitting unit, a signal receiving unit, a firmware storage module, and a button control circuit. The main control MCU chip is electrically connected to the energy management module, the interactive input module, the signal transmitting unit, the signal receiving unit, the firmware storage module, and the button control circuit, respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the main control MCU chip is used to convert the analog signals of the interactive input module into digital signals, package data frames according to the communication protocol of the flexible touch device, and send them to the touch device through the signal transmitting unit, while receiving feedback instructions from the touch device through the signal receiving unit.

[0011] Preferably, the interactive input module includes a conductive pen tip, a pressure sensor, a tilt sensing module, and an anti-mistouch sensor. The pressure sensor, tilt sensing module, and anti-mistouch sensor are all integrated at the rear end of the conductive pen tip and electrically connected to the main control MCU chip of the control signal and processing module.

[0012] Preferably, the pressure sensor is a 1024-level pressure sensor, the tilt sensing module is a triaxial accelerometer, and the anti-accidental touch sensor is a capacitive proximity sensor.

[0013] Preferably, the flexible perovskite power generation module has a component area of ​​2.5 cm². 2 It fits perfectly against the curved surface of the pen body, and the entire pen body is made of lightweight and flexible material.

[0014] Preferably, the control signal and processing module communicates with the flexible touch device via Bluetooth 5.0 protocol to achieve closed-loop transmission of writing signals.

[0015] This invention provides a self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention achieves self-powered operation of the capacitive pen by integrating a flexible perovskite power generation module with the capacitive pen. Compared with the power supply solutions of the prior art that rely on external power sources such as magnetic attraction, Type-C wired connection or charging case, this invention solves the problem of limited battery life in scenarios without fixed charging conditions, such as outdoor sketching, mobile office, and sharing of multiple devices.

[0016] 2. The present invention adopts a flexible perovskite material as the energy conversion core and optimizes the packaging design to achieve a stable energy supply in low light environment. Compared with the existing technology that uses OPV material for self-powered operation, it solves the problems of low photoelectric conversion efficiency and inability to meet the needs of medium and high frequency writing.

[0017] 3. The present invention adopts a flexible perovskite power generation module that fits into the arc shape of the pen body and is combined with a lightweight flexible material. This achieves a balance between the flexible adaptation of the capacitive pen and its portability. Compared with the existing capacitive pen designs with rigid power generation structures or insufficient adaptability, this invention solves the problems of poor adaptability to the curved shape of flexible touch devices and poor grip experience. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control signal and processing module of a self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy management module of a self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3This invention provides a self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite, comprising: a flexible perovskite power generation module, an energy management module, a control signal and processing module electrically connected, and an interactive input module that communicates bidirectionally with the control signal and processing module, all modules being integrated inside the pen body; The flexible perovskite power generation module is designed to fit the curved surface of the pen body. The flexible perovskite power generation module includes a flexible perovskite power generation layer, an alumina barrier film, and butyl rubber. The alumina barrier film is encapsulated on the upper and lower surfaces of the flexible perovskite power generation layer, and the butyl rubber is filled between the alumina barrier film and the flexible perovskite power generation layer. Specifically, the thickness of the alumina barrier film is 180nm-220nm, and the butyl rubber filling thickness is 50μm-70μm. The butyl rubber is uniformly filled through hot pressing or vacuum encapsulation to form a sealed protective structure, which can effectively isolate water vapor, oxygen and external mechanical damage, and ensure the structural stability and power generation performance of the flexible perovskite power generation layer under different usage environments.

[0021] Flexible perovskite power generation modules are used to convert light energy into electrical energy; The flexible perovskite power generation layer is a mixed system of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite and formamidinium cesium lead iodide perovskite. Its photoelectric conversion efficiency is 20-25% in a low-light environment of 500 lux indoors, and its stable output power is ≥50μW. Specifically, the mass ratio of formamidinium lead iodide-based perovskite to formamidinium cesium lead iodide-based perovskite is 6:4-8:2, and the thickness of the power generation layer is 500-600nm. It is prepared by solution spin coating, blade coating or inkjet printing process. The mixed system can take into account both high carrier mobility and structural flexibility, which can meet the design requirements of miniaturization and arc fitting of capacitive pens, while ensuring efficient energy conversion in low light environment.

[0022] The energy management module is used for energy storage and distribution; The energy management module includes a supercapacitor, a lithium battery, and a charge / discharge management chip. The charge / discharge management chip is electrically connected to the flexible perovskite power generation module, the supercapacitor, the lithium battery, and the control signal and processing module, respectively. When there is sufficient sunlight, the power of the flexible perovskite power generation module is prioritized to supply the working module, and the excess power is sequentially charged into the supercapacitor and the lithium battery; when there is insufficient sunlight, the supercapacitor discharges first, and the lithium battery seamlessly switches to power supply after it is depleted; when there is no light, the lithium battery supplies power alone. Specifically, the supercapacitor has a capacity of 8mF-12mF and a rated voltage of 3.7V. It can be of the stacked or wound type. The lithium battery is a flexible polymer lithium battery or a flexible solid-state lithium battery with a capacity of 40mAh-60mAh and a nominal voltage of 3.7V. The charge and discharge management chip can be LTC4071, MAX1757 or BQ25504. It has overcharge, over-discharge, temperature protection or maximum power point tracking functions. It can automatically switch the charge and discharge modes according to the light intensity to achieve efficient distribution and storage of electrical energy.

[0023] The control signal and processing module is used for signal processing and communication; The control signal and processing module includes a main control MCU chip, a signal transmitting unit, a signal receiving unit, a firmware storage module, and a button control circuit. The main control MCU chip is electrically connected to the energy management module, the interactive input module, the signal transmitting unit, the signal receiving unit, the firmware storage module, and the button control circuit, respectively. The main control MCU chip is used to convert the analog signals of the interactive input module into digital signals, package data frames according to the communication protocol of the flexible touch device, and send them to the touch device through the signal transmitting unit. At the same time, it receives the feedback instructions from the touch device through the signal receiving unit. Specifically, the main control MCU chip adopts an ARM Cortex-M4 core, with an operating voltage range of 1.7V-3.6V. The model can be selected from STM32L475, STM32L476 or STM32L486, and has low power consumption characteristics. The firmware storage module is a Flash chip with a capacity of 16MB-64MB. The button control circuit is equipped with 1-3 function buttons, which are used to switch writing mode, adjust sensitivity, start / stop power supply or lock screen, respectively, to adapt to different usage needs.

[0024] The interactive input module is used to acquire writing signals; The interactive input module includes a conductive pen tip, a pressure sensor, a tilt sensing module, and an anti-mistouch sensor. The pressure sensor, tilt sensing module, and anti-mistouch sensor are all integrated at the rear end of the conductive pen tip and are electrically connected to the main control MCU chip of the control signal and processing module. The pressure sensor is a 1024-level pressure sensor, the tilt sensing module is a triaxial accelerometer, and the anti-accidental touch sensor is a capacitive proximity sensor. Specifically, the conductive pen tip material can be selected from conductive silicone and carbon fiber composite material, conductive ceramic, or conductive metal with nickel plating on the surface, with a hardness of Shore A60-A90, balancing writing feel and wear resistance. The pressure sensor sampling rate is 200Hz-400Hz, and the model can be TSC2007, ADS7843, or XPT2046. The tilt sensing module has a measurement range of ±16g-±24g and a resolution of 13-bit-16-bit, and the model can be ADXL345, MPU6050, or LSM6DS3. The anti-accidental touch sensor has a detection distance of 0-5mm-0-10mm, and the model can be TTP223, CAP1188, or TCS34725, which can accurately collect writing pressure, tilt angle, and contact status signals.

[0025] The flexible perovskite power generation module has a component area of ​​2.5 cm². 2 It fits perfectly against the curved surface of the pen body, and the entire pen body is made of lightweight and flexible material.

[0026] The control signal and processing module communicates with the flexible touch device via Bluetooth 5.0 protocol to achieve closed-loop transmission of writing signals.

[0027] The following is a description with reference to specific embodiments: Example 1: In a basic general-purpose scenario, a flexible perovskite power generation module is selected: The flexible perovskite power generation layer is prepared by mixing formamidinium lead iodide-based perovskite and formamidinium cesium lead iodide-based perovskite at a mass ratio of 6:4, with a power generation layer thickness of 500 nm. The alumina barrier film thickness is 180 nm, and the butyl rubber is made of low-temperature flexible butyl rubber with a filling thickness of 50 μm. The power generation module component area is designed to be 2.5 cm². 2 It fits perfectly against the curved surface of the pen body, ensuring flexibility and maximizing the light-receiving area; Energy Management Module: Uses a stacked supercapacitor with a capacity of 8mF and a rated voltage of 3.7V. The lithium battery is a flexible polymer lithium battery with a capacity of 40mAh and a nominal voltage of 3.7V. The charge and discharge management chip is model LTC4071, which supports a maximum charging current of 100μA and a discharging current of 100μA. It has overcharge and over-discharge protection functions and is suitable for the power distribution needs in self-powered scenarios. Control signal and processing module: The main control MCU chip is STM32L475, which adopts ARM Cortex-M4 core and operates in the range of 1.7V-3.6V. Its low power consumption characteristics are adapted to the battery life requirements of capacitive pens. The signal transmission or reception unit adopts Bluetooth 5.0 module nRF52832 with a communication distance of ≤10m. The firmware storage module adopts W25Q128 Flash chip with a capacity of 16MB. The button control circuit is equipped with one function button for switching writing modes. Interactive input module: The conductive pen tip is made of a composite material of conductive silicone and carbon fiber, with a Shore A60 hardness, balancing writing feel and conductivity; the pressure sensor uses TSC2007, supporting 1024 levels of pressure sensitivity acquisition with a sampling rate of 200Hz; the tilt sensing module uses a three-axis accelerometer ADXL345, with a measurement range of ±16g and a 13-bit resolution; the anti-mistouch sensor uses a capacitive proximity sensor TTP223, with a detection distance of 0-5mm, ensuring accurate recognition of writing status.

[0028] During the manufacturing of the capacitive pen, after the flexible perovskite power generation layer is prepared by solution spin coating, an alumina barrier film is sequentially attached to its upper and lower surfaces. The butyl rubber is then uniformly filled between the alumina barrier film and the power generation layer by hot pressing to form a sealed protective structure. After the encapsulation is completed, the power generation module is attached to the curved inner wall of the pen body by thermally conductive adhesive to ensure complete fit with the pen body and without affecting the grip comfort. The supercapacitor, lithium battery, and charge / discharge management chip of the energy management module are soldered to the PCB board using surface mount technology. The PCB board is fixed to the middle of the pen body by a snap-fit ​​structure. The input terminal of the charge / discharge management chip is electrically connected to the output electrode of the flexible perovskite power generation module through wires. The output terminal is electrically connected to the power input terminal of the control signal and processing module to achieve stable power transmission. The main control MCU chip, signal transmitting or receiving unit, firmware storage module, and button control circuit of the control signal and processing module are all soldered on the same PCB board. This PCB board is electrically connected to the PCB board of the energy management module through pin headers. The function buttons of the button control circuit are embedded in the reserved holes on the side wall of the pen body to ensure smooth pressing stroke and not affect the overall flexibility of the pen body. The pressure sensor, tilt sensor, and anti-mistouch sensor of the interactive input module are integrated on the flexible bracket at the rear of the conductive pen tip. They are electrically connected to the main control MCU chip of the control signal and processing module through a flexible ribbon cable. The conductive pen tip is fixed to the front of the pen body through a threaded structure to ensure a firm installation and replaceability, adapting to different writing needs.

[0029] When the ambient light intensity is ≥100 lux, the flexible perovskite power generation module starts generating electricity. In a low-light environment of 500 lux indoors, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 20%, and the stable output power is 50 μW. The generated power is prioritized to the control signal and processing module and the interactive input module by the charge and discharge management chip. The total power consumption is about 40 μW. The excess 10 μW of power is charged into the supercapacitor. When the supercapacitor voltage reaches 3.7V, the charge and discharge management chip switches to the lithium battery charging mode with a charging current of 80 μA until the lithium battery voltage reaches 4.2V. When the ambient light intensity is between 50-100 lux, the output power of the power generation module drops to 45 μW. The supercapacitor discharges to make up for the 5 μW power consumption gap and maintain stable power supply. When the ambient light intensity is <50 lux, the supercapacitor stops discharging, and the charge and discharge management chip controls the lithium battery to seamlessly switch power supply, supporting continuous writing for ≥7 hours, meeting the needs of outdoor sketching, mobile office and other scenarios without fixed charging conditions. During writing, the pressure sensor collects the writing pressure value in real time, the tilt sensing module collects the pen tip tilt angle from 0-60°, and the anti-mistouch sensor detects whether the pen tip is in contact with the touch screen. The analog signals collected by these three sensors are synchronously transmitted to the main control MCU chip. The main control MCU chip converts the analog signals into digital signals and, according to the Bluetooth 5.0 communication protocol of the flexible touch device, packages the pressure value, tilt angle, and anti-mistouch command into a data frame. The signal transmitting unit sends the data frame to the touch device at a rate of 2Mbps. After parsing, the touch device displays the corresponding thickness and angle of the pen strokes and sends a signal reception success command. After receiving the feedback command, the main control MCU chip confirms the next signal transmission, forming a closed loop. The signal transmission delay is ≤10ms, ensuring a precise writing and drawing experience.

[0030] Example 2: In multi-device or medium-to-high frequency application scenarios, a flexible perovskite power generation module is selected: The flexible perovskite power generation layer is prepared by mixing formamidinium lead iodide-based perovskite and formamidinium cesium lead iodide-based perovskite at a mass ratio of 7:3, with a power generation layer thickness of 550 nm, an alumina barrier film thickness of 200 nm, and a high-viscosity butyl rubber material with a filling thickness of 60 μm. The power generation module component area is designed to be 2.5 cm². 2 It fits perfectly against the curved surface of the pen body, improving power generation efficiency in low-light environments; Energy Management Module: Uses a 10mF wound supercapacitor with a rated voltage of 3.7V. The lithium battery is a flexible solid-state lithium battery with a capacity of 50mAh and a nominal voltage of 3.7V, offering superior safety and flexibility. The charge and discharge management chip is MAX1757, supporting a maximum charging current of 200μA and a discharging current of 200μA. It also features temperature protection and short-circuit protection, making it suitable for various usage scenarios. Control signal and processing module: The main control MCU chip is an STM32L476 with an ARM Cortex-M4 core and an operating voltage range of 1.7V-3.6V. The signal transmitting or receiving unit uses a Bluetooth 5.0 module nRF52840, with a communication distance of ≤15m and stronger signal transmission stability. The firmware storage module uses a 32MB Flash chip W25Q256. The button control circuit has two function buttons, which are used to switch the pen stroke thickness and start / stop power supply respectively. Interactive input module: The conductive pen tip is made of conductive ceramic material with a Shore A80 hardness, offering superior wear resistance; the pressure sensor is an ADS7843, supporting 1024 levels of pressure sensitivity acquisition with a sampling rate of 300Hz; the tilt sensing module uses a three-axis accelerometer MPU6050 with a measurement range of ±20g and a 16-bit resolution; the anti-mistouch sensor is a capacitive proximity sensor CAP1188 with a detection distance of 0-8mm, adaptable to flexible touchscreen devices of varying thicknesses.

[0031] During the manufacturing of the capacitive pen, after the flexible perovskite power generation layer is prepared by a scraping process, an alumina barrier film is deposited on its upper and lower surfaces by a vacuum evaporation process to improve the barrier performance. Then, butyl rubber is injected and hot-pressed for encapsulation. The encapsulated power generation module is attached to the curved outer wall of the pen body with double-sided adhesive to ensure that the light receiving area is maximized, while not affecting the flexibility of the pen body. The supercapacitor, lithium battery, and charge / discharge management chip of the energy management module are soldered onto a flexible PCB board. The flexible PCB board is fixed inside the pen body with straps to fit the curved structure of the pen body. The input terminal of the charge / discharge management chip is electrically connected to the output electrode of the flexible perovskite power generation module through metal springs. The output terminal is electrically connected to the power input terminal of the control signal and processing module through wires to ensure connection stability under vibration. The components of the control signal and processing module are soldered onto a rigid PCB board, which is fixed to the bracket in the middle of the pen body with screws and electrically connected to the flexible PCB board of the energy management module via a flexible ribbon cable. Two function buttons are symmetrically embedded in the side wall of the pen body, with the button surface flush with the pen body surface to ensure grip comfort and conform to ergonomic design. The sensors of the interactive input module are integrated on the metal bracket at the rear of the conductive pen tip. They are electrically connected to the main control MCU chip of the control signal and processing module through shielded wires to reduce signal interference. The conductive pen tip is fixed to the front of the pen body by a snap-fit ​​structure, which is convenient for disassembly and replacement and can be adapted to different writing scenarios.

[0032] When the ambient light intensity is ≥100 lux, the flexible perovskite power generation module generates electricity. In a low-light environment of 500 lux indoors, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 23%, and the stable output power is 65μW. Power is prioritized to supply each working module, with a total working power consumption of about 42μW. The excess 23μW of power is used to charge the supercapacitor. After the supercapacitor is fully charged to 3.7V, the charge and discharge management chip controls the charging of the lithium battery at a charging current of 150μA. The lithium battery automatically stops charging when it is fully charged to 4.2V. When the ambient light intensity is between 50-100 lux, the power generation module outputs 55μW, and the supercapacitor discharges to supplement 3μW of power consumption, ensuring stable power supply. When the ambient light intensity is <50 lux, the lithium battery supplies power alone, supporting continuous writing for ≥9 hours, which meets the needs of long-term use scenarios with multiple devices in schools and training institutions. During writing, the pressure sensor, tilt sensor, and anti-mistouch sensor simultaneously collect relevant signals and transmit them to the main control MCU chip. The MCU chip converts the analog signals into digital signals, packages the data frames according to the touch device communication protocol, and sends them to the touch device at a rate of 3Mbps through the signal transmission unit. After the touch device parses the signal, it displays the handwriting and sends a confirmation command. After the signal receiving unit receives the feedback, the MCU chip starts the next signal acquisition and transmission, forming a closed loop. The signal transmission delay is ≤8ms, ensuring the continuity of signal transmission in medium and high frequency writing scenarios.

[0033] Example 3: In professional-grade or extreme environment scenarios, a flexible perovskite power generation module is selected: The flexible perovskite power generation layer is prepared by mixing formamidinium lead iodide-based perovskite and formamidinium cesium lead iodide-based perovskite at a mass ratio of 8:2, with a power generation layer thickness of 600nm. The alumina barrier film thickness is 220nm, and the butyl rubber is made of high and low temperature resistant butyl rubber with a filling thickness of 70μm, suitable for use in extreme environments. The power generation module component area is designed to be 2.5cm². 2 It fits perfectly against the curved surface of the pen body, further enhancing power generation. Energy management module: Uses a 12mF stacked supercapacitor with a rated voltage of 3.7V. The lithium battery is a flexible lithium polymer battery with a capacity of 60mAh and a nominal voltage of 3.7V. The charge and discharge management chip is model BQ25504, which supports a maximum charging current of 300μA and a discharging current of 300μA. It has the maximum power point tracking function of photovoltaic cells to improve energy harvesting efficiency. Control signal and processing module: The main control MCU chip is STM32L486, which adopts the ARM Cortex-M4 core and operates in the range of 1.7V-3.6V. The signal transmission or reception unit adopts the Bluetooth 5.0 module CC2652R, with a communication distance of ≤20m. The firmware storage module adopts the 64MB Flash chip W25Q512. The button control circuit is equipped with 3 function buttons, which are used to switch writing mode, adjust sensitivity, and lock the screen, respectively, making the functions richer. Interactive input module: The conductive pen tip is made of conductive metal with a nickel-plated surface and a Shore A90 hardness, resulting in a longer service life. The pressure sensor is an XPT2046, supporting 1024 levels of pressure sensitivity acquisition with a sampling rate of 400Hz. The tilt sensing module uses a three-axis accelerometer LSM6DS3 with a measurement range of ±24g and a 16-bit resolution. The anti-mistouch sensor is a capacitive proximity sensor TCS34725 with a detection distance of 0-10mm, adaptable to more types of flexible touch devices.

[0034] During the manufacturing process of the capacitive pen, after the flexible perovskite power generation layer is prepared by inkjet printing, an alumina barrier film is attached to its upper and lower surfaces. A vacuum encapsulation process is used to uniformly fill the space between the barrier film and the power generation layer with butyl rubber, which improves the sealing and stability of the encapsulation. The encapsulated power generation module is fixed to the bracket on the arc-shaped inner wall of the pen body with screws to ensure a stable installation and adaptability to high-frequency use scenarios. The components of the energy management module are soldered onto the PCB board, which is installed inside the pen body via a sliding rail structure for easy maintenance and replacement. The input terminal of the charge / discharge management chip is electrically connected to the output electrode of the flexible perovskite power generation module by soldering, resulting in a more robust connection. The output terminal is electrically connected to the power input terminal of the control signal and processing module via a connector for easy assembly and maintenance. The PCB boards of the control signal and processing module and the energy management module are stacked and fixed by copper pillars, saving internal space in the pen body. The two are electrically connected by board-to-board connectors. Three function buttons are arranged linearly on the side wall of the pen body, and elastic pads are set under the buttons to ensure clear pressing feedback and convenient operation. The sensors of the interactive input module are fixed to the plastic bracket at the rear of the conductive pen tip through a potting process to improve impact resistance; they are electrically connected to the main control MCU chip of the control signal and processing module through high-temperature resistant wires; the conductive pen tip is fixed to the front of the pen body through a combination of thread and buckle structure, which takes into account both sturdiness and replaceability, and adapts to the usage habits of different users.

[0035] When the ambient light intensity is ≥100 lux, the flexible perovskite power generation module generates electricity. In a low-light environment of 500 lux indoors, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 25%, and the stable output power is 80μW. Power is prioritized to supply each working module, and the total power consumption is about 45μW. The excess 35μW of power is used to charge the supercapacitor. After the supercapacitor is fully charged, the charge and discharge management chip controls the charging of the lithium battery at a charging current of 200μA. After the lithium battery is fully charged, it enters the float charging state to ensure the battery life. When the ambient light intensity is between 50-100 lux, the power generation module outputs 70μW, and the supercapacitor can meet the power consumption requirements without discharging. When the ambient light intensity is <50 lux, the lithium battery is powered separately, supporting continuous writing for ≥11 hours, completely solving the battery life anxiety problem of traditional capacitive pens. During writing, the signals collected by each sensor are transmitted to the main control MCU chip in real time. After the MCU chip completes the signal conversion and data frame packaging, it sends the signal to the touch device at a rate of 4Mbps through the signal transmission unit. The touch device interprets the signal and displays the accurate handwriting, and sends a signal reception success command. After the signal receiving unit receives the feedback, the MCU chip triggers the next signal transmission, forming a closed loop. The signal transmission delay is ≤6ms, which meets the requirements of high-precision drawing, professional design and other scenarios with high requirements for signal transmission speed and accuracy.

[0036] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite, characterized in that, include: The flexible perovskite power generation module, energy management module, control signal and processing module, and interactive input module that communicates bidirectionally with the control signal and processing module are all integrated inside the pen body. The flexible perovskite power generation module is fitted to the curved surface of the pen body; The flexible perovskite power generation module is used to convert light energy into electrical energy; The energy management module is used for energy storage and distribution; The control signal and processing module is used for signal processing and communication; The interactive input module is used to collect writing signals.

2. The self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible perovskite power generation module includes a flexible perovskite power generation layer, an alumina barrier film, and butyl rubber. The alumina barrier film is encapsulated on the upper and lower surfaces of the flexible perovskite power generation layer, and the butyl rubber is filled between the alumina barrier film and the flexible perovskite power generation layer.

3. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible perovskite power generation layer is a mixed system of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite and formamidinium cesium lead iodide perovskite. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is 20-25% in a low-light environment of 500 lux indoors, and the stable output power is ≥50μW.

4. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy management module includes a supercapacitor, a lithium battery, and a charge / discharge management chip. The charge / discharge management chip is electrically connected to the flexible perovskite power generation module, the supercapacitor, the lithium battery, and the control signal and processing module, respectively. When there is sufficient sunlight, the power from the flexible perovskite power generation module is prioritized for the working module, and the excess power is sequentially charged into the supercapacitor and lithium battery.

5. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control signal and processing module includes a main control MCU chip, a signal transmitting unit, a signal receiving unit, a firmware storage module, and a button control circuit. The main control MCU chip is electrically connected to the energy management module, the interactive input module, the signal transmitting unit, the signal receiving unit, the firmware storage module, and the button control circuit, respectively.

6. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 5, characterized in that: The main control MCU chip is used to convert the analog signals of the interactive input module into digital signals, package data frames according to the communication protocol of the flexible touch device, and send them to the touch device through the signal transmitting unit. At the same time, it receives the feedback instructions of the touch device through the signal receiving unit.

7. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interactive input module includes a conductive pen tip, a pressure sensor, a tilt sensing module, and an anti-mistouch sensor. The pressure sensor, tilt sensing module, and anti-mistouch sensor are all integrated at the rear end of the conductive pen tip and are electrically connected to the main control MCU chip of the control signal and processing module.

8. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 7, characterized in that: The pressure sensor is a 1024-level pressure sensor, the tilt sensing module is a triaxial accelerometer, and the anti-accidental touch sensor is a capacitive proximity sensor.

9. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible perovskite power generation module has a component area of ​​2.5 cm². 2 It fits perfectly against the curved surface of the pen body, and the entire pen body is made of lightweight and flexible material.

10. A self-powered capacitive pen based on flexible perovskite according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control signal and processing module communicates with the flexible touch device via Bluetooth 5.0 protocol to achieve closed-loop transmission of writing signals.

Images