Benthonic animal response characteristic-based ecological revetment structure ecological restoring force evaluation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a benthonic animal response characteristic-based ecological revetment structure ecological restoration force evaluation method, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, calculating an ecological restoration force index based on benthonic animal monitoring data before engineering so as to represent the background restoration potential of benthonic animals under the existing environmental condition; then combining a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model, comprehensively considering time sequence changes of hydrodynamic factors such as flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and shear stress under different disturbance scenes, and constructing an ecological disturbance intensity index; finally, representative benthonic animal species are selected, a species response model is constructed, the species response model is corrected based on the ecological restoration force, and ecological restoration potential evaluation of the ecological bank protection structure under different disturbance scenes is achieved. According to the method, the ecological restoration force prediction and quantitative evaluation in the design stage of the ecological revetment can be realized, and a scientific basis is provided for structural design optimization and ecological restoration potential prediction of the ecological revetment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration of waterways and water conservancy projects, and relates to a method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on the response characteristics of benthic animals. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional revetment designs primarily focus on structural stability and erosion resistance, generally employing closed structures such as concrete panels and masonry blocks. While these engineering measures offer significant advantages in resisting hydrodynamic loads such as canal ship waves and flood erosion, their continuous solid structure weakens the ecological connectivity between the bank and the water body, leading to habitat fragmentation of nearshore benthic animals, reduced community diversity, and diminished ecosystem resilience.

[0003] In recent years, ecological revetments have gradually become an important engineering measure to replace traditional hard revetments. By introducing ecological spaces such as pores, grooves, and channels into the revetment structure, both engineering protection and ecological restoration functions can be achieved. However, despite the gradual promotion of ecological revetments in engineering applications, the quantitative assessment of their ecological effects still has significant shortcomings. Currently, the quantitative assessment of the ecological effects of ecological revetments mainly adopts two technical approaches:

[0004] One category is the bioindicator evaluation method based on ecological monitoring data (referred to as the ecological monitoring method). For example, changes in benthic community diversity indices (such as the Shannon index and species richness index) before and after construction are used to assess the restoration effect of engineering measures on the ecosystem. Ecological monitoring methods suffer from response lag and limitations. They rely on long-term, continuous community survey data and are significantly affected by seasonal fluctuations, environmental disturbances, and the representativeness of sampling points. They can only verify ecological effects after project implementation and lack the predictive and feedback functions of ecological revetment structures during the design phase. Furthermore, these methods primarily assess ecological effects based on changes in species diversity indices, making it difficult to reflect the ecological restoration potential of communities after disturbance.

[0005] Another type is the hydrodynamic evaluation method for ecological revetments based on numerical simulation (referred to as the hydrodynamic factor method). This method establishes a two-dimensional or three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the engineering river section, analyzes the distribution characteristics of key hydrodynamic factors such as flow velocity around the revetment structure under different scenarios, and compares these hydrodynamic factors with the suitable flow velocity range or habitat thresholds of typical benthic animals reported in the literature, thereby inferring the ecological suitability of the ecological revetment structure. The hydrodynamic factor method suffers from insufficient representativeness and transferability. It often relies on the empirical flow velocity thresholds of a few indicator species as ecological suitability criteria, making it difficult to reflect the overall ecological response characteristics of the community. In addition, the flow velocity tolerance range of benthic animals is significantly affected by local environmental factors such as substrate type, nutrient load, and regional hydrological characteristics. The suitable thresholds vary greatly between different watersheds, making it difficult to directly apply exogenous research results to the ecological assessment of the local watershed.

[0006] In summary, ecological monitoring methods rely on long-term monitoring data and are susceptible to seasonal environmental fluctuations and lags in community response, making it difficult to provide predictive guidance during the design phase of ecological revetment structures. While the hydrodynamic factor method can calculate the hydrodynamic field distribution in advance, it neglects the nonlinear response characteristics of benthic animals to disturbances. Furthermore, this method often focuses on the analysis of suitable flow velocities for a few indicator species, failing to reflect the overall functional diversity and resilience differences of the community. Current technologies lack a quantitative assessment method that can couple local hydrodynamic disturbance characteristics with benthic animal ecological response mechanisms, making it difficult to systematically reveal the ecological restoration potential of ecological revetments under typical disturbances such as canal boat waves. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for quantitatively assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures under typical disturbance conditions such as ship waves and floods by coupling the local three-dimensional hydrodynamic disturbance process of ecological revetment with the ecological response mechanism of benthic animals.

[0008] Technical solution: The present invention provides a method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics, comprising:

[0009] S1: Before the construction of the ecological bank protection project, multiple points were simultaneously sampled for benthic animal biological data and water environment physicochemical factor indicators in the study section. The benthic animal ecological resilience index of each sampling point was calculated based on the benthic animal biological data of each sampling point.

[0010] S2: Based on the geometric parameters of the ecological revetment and the cross-sectional characteristics of the canal, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model is established using computational fluid dynamics software to simulate the hydrodynamic factors in the ecological revetment cavity at different times during typical external disturbance periods.

[0011] S3: Based on the output results of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model, several measuring points are arranged on the near-bottom plane of the ecological revetment cavity. The time series data of hydrodynamic factors of each measuring point are extracted, and the time integral and standard deviation of each hydrodynamic factor are calculated to characterize the cumulative effect and fluctuation effect of external disturbance. The weights of the cumulative effect and fluctuation effect of each hydrodynamic factor are determined according to the entropy weight method, and the ecological disturbance intensity index is further calculated.

[0012] S4: Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to quantify the comprehensive response characteristics of benthic species to major environmental gradients. Euclidean distance was used to calculate the comprehensive response intensity of benthic species in the RDA ordination space. The mean + standard deviation of the comprehensive response intensity was used as a threshold to screen representative species with significant responses, and the ecological resilience index of representative species was calculated. Based on the biological data of benthic animals in the studied river section and the measured values ​​of aquatic environmental physicochemical factors, a proxy ecological disturbance intensity index was established. A benthic species response model was established for each representative species, and the parameters were fitted using the nonlinear least squares method to determine the key parameters of the benthic animal response model.

[0013] S5: The species response model is modified based on the ecological resilience index of representative species to obtain the relative ecological resilience index of representative species;

[0014] S6: The geometric mean method is used to couple the relative ecological resilience indices of each representative species to obtain the comprehensive relative ecological resilience index of the ecological revetment structure under typical external disturbances, thereby realizing the quantitative calculation of ecological resilience.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S1, the benthic animal biological data includes benthic animal species composition, species quantity, species habitat density, and species biomass; the water environment physicochemical factor indicators are one or more monitoring indicators selected based on the actual conditions of the studied river section to characterize the water environment and hydrodynamic conditions.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the species density and biomass of benthic animals at each sampling point, the secondary productivity of benthic animals at each sampling point was calculated according to formula (1). And the ratio of benthic animal secondary productivity to average annual biomass per unit area. / An index characterizing the ecological resilience of benthic animals at each sampling point;

[0017] (1)

[0018] in, The secondary productivity of benthic animals (based on ash-free dry weight) is expressed in g / ( ·Year); The average annual biomass of benthic animals per unit area (based on ash-free dry weight) is expressed in g / ; The average individual mass (as ash-free dry weight) of the benthic animal community at the sampling point is expressed in g / individual. Depend on Number of benthic animals per unit area at the sampling point ratio / calculate; This represents the number of benthic animals per unit area, expressed as individuals / .

[0019] Furthermore, in step S2, the hydrodynamic factors include instantaneous flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and near-bed shear stress.

[0020] Furthermore, the formulas for calculating the time integral and standard deviation of the hydrodynamic factor are as follows:

[0021] (2)

[0022] in, It represents the time integral, reflecting the cumulative effect of external disturbances (such as ship waves, floods, etc.) over its duration of action; This is the start time of the effective period. This is the end time of the effective period; For hydrodynamic factors at time The value; For the hydrodynamic factor in the first The measurement value at each moment, , This represents the number of discrete moments in the effective period. For time intervals;

[0023] (3)

[0024] in, Hydrodynamic factors During the period of action within the standard deviation, This represents the average value of the hydrodynamic factor during the effective period.

[0025] Furthermore, the ecological disturbance intensity index The calculation formula is:

[0026] (4)

[0027] in, The correction coefficient is used to correct for the difference in absolute magnitude caused by relying solely on the weighted summation of standardized hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices between different disturbance scenarios; For the first Standardized values ​​of each hydrodynamic disturbance sub-index; For the first The weights of each hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indicator are determined by the entropy weight method; The number of hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices; the hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices are the values ​​of each hydrodynamic factor calculated by formulas (2) and (3). and .

[0028] Furthermore, correction coefficients It is determined by the typical flow velocity of the disturbance process and the background reference flow velocity.

[0029] Furthermore, in step S4, a Gaussian-form benthic species response model is constructed according to formula (5):

[0030] (5)

[0031] in, For species In disturbance intensity Survival probability under these conditions; For species The maximum probability of survival; For species The optimal perturbation strength, i.e., the point at which the survival probability reaches its peak. value; For species The perturbation response width reflects the ecological tolerance range of a species; the key parameters of the benthic species response model include , and .

[0032] Furthermore, in step S5, the formula for calculating the relative ecological resilience index of representative species is as follows:

[0033] (6)

[0034] in, Representative species Relative ecological resilience index; Representative species obtained by fitting the Gaussian model The probability of survival; Representative species of / The ratio; The average of the representative set of species / value.

[0035] Furthermore, in step S6, the community's comprehensive relative ecological resilience index is calculated using the following formula:

[0036] (7)

[0037] in, For the community's disturbance intensity The comprehensive relative ecological resilience index is as follows; For the first Representative species in terms of disturbance intensity The relative ecological resilience index below; For the first The relative ecological resilience index of representative species under optimal disturbance intensity; The number of representative species.

[0038] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0039] (1) This invention calculates the benthic ecological resilience index based on pre-engineering benthic animal monitoring data and constructs an ecological disturbance intensity index by combining hydrodynamic numerical simulation. Then, through a species response model, it achieves quantitative prediction of the benthic community response and the ecological restoration potential of the ecological revetment structure under different disturbance scenarios. Compared to traditional ecological monitoring and evaluation methods that rely on long-term, continuous sampling data after engineering, this invention can complete a quantifiable pre-assessment during the design phase, enhancing the proactive optimization and comparison capabilities of ecological revetment schemes.

[0040] (2) By constructing an ecological disturbance intensity index, this invention can quantify the disturbance intensity characteristics in the ecological revetment cavity under different external disturbance conditions (such as ship waves or floods) during the engineering design stage. This effectively makes up for the limitations of traditional determination based on a single flow velocity threshold, and enables the relationship between hydrodynamic factors and biological responses to be quantitatively characterized, thereby reflecting the real driving force of the disturbance process on the ecosystem function.

[0041] (3) Compared with the traditional hydrodynamic factor method that relies on empirical thresholds, the ecological disturbance intensity index and species response model based on benthic animal ecological resilience proposed in this invention can effectively reflect the overall ecological recovery potential of benthic animal communities and have stronger regional adaptability and prediction accuracy.

[0042] (4) The technical route of the present invention has both the rationality of ecological mechanism and the operability of model calculation. It can be embedded into the existing three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model system and is applicable to the ecological protection design of different types of canals, lakes and reservoirs. Its results can not only be used to quantitatively assess the restoration potential of ecological bank protection, but also provide quantitative decision-making basis for the ecological transformation of river and lake projects, with significant engineering and ecological benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a triaxial view of the permeable ballast block ecological slope protection structure unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a cloud map showing the distribution of the community's comprehensive relative ecological resilience index on the plane 3cm from the bottom of the permeable ballast block ecological slope protection structure unit in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics, comprising the following steps:

[0048] S1: Before the construction of the ecological revetment project, multiple points were simultaneously sampled for benthic animal biological data and water environment physicochemical factor indicators in the study section. The benthic animal ecological resilience index of each sampling point was calculated based on the benthic animal biological data of each sampling point.

[0049] Benthic animal biological data include benthic animal species composition, species quantity, species habitat density, and species biomass; water environment physicochemical factors are one or more monitoring indicators selected based on the actual conditions of the studied river section to characterize the water environment and hydrodynamic conditions. In this embodiment, the water environment physicochemical factors selected are water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, flow velocity, water depth, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen.

[0050] Based on the species density and biomass of benthic animals at each sampling point, the secondary productivity of benthic animals at each sampling point was calculated according to formula (1). And the ratio of benthic animal secondary productivity to average annual biomass per unit area. / Characterize the ecological resilience of benthic animals at each sampling point.

[0051] (1)

[0052] in, The secondary productivity of benthic animals (based on ash-free dry weight) is expressed in g / ( ·Year); The average annual biomass of benthic animals per unit area (based on ash-free dry weight) is expressed in g / ; The average individual mass (as ash-free dry weight) of the benthic animal community at the sampling point is expressed in g / individual. Depend on Number of benthic animals per unit area at the sampling point ratio / calculate; This represents the number of benthic animals per unit area, expressed as individuals / .

[0053] This embodiment uses the Qinjiang River section in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the study section, selecting representative sampling points within the study section. Benthic animals were collected using D-nets or other suitable sampling tools and preserved in 95% alcohol. Simultaneously, environmental indicators such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were measured using a multi-parameter water quality analyzer, flow velocity was measured using a portable current meter, and water depth was measured using a measuring rod. Water samples were collected at a depth of approximately 10 cm for laboratory determination of chemical indicators such as total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen. In the laboratory, benthic animal morphology was identified using a microscope, and the species composition, abundance, density, and biomass of benthic animals at each sampling point and throughout the entire study section were statistically analyzed. Water sample analysis was performed according to national standard methods (such as the potassium sulfate digestion-ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method).

[0054] S2: Based on the geometric parameters (structural dimensions, porosity, etc.) of the ecological revetment of the proposed canal project and the cross-sectional characteristics of the canal (cross-section, flow velocity, water level boundary conditions), a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model is established using computational fluid dynamics software (such as FLOW-3D or OpenFOAM) to simulate the instantaneous flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and near-bed shear stress and other hydrodynamic factors at different times within the ecological revetment cavity during the period of typical external disturbances (such as ship waves or floods).

[0055] S3: Based on the output results of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model, several measuring points are arranged on the near-bottom plane of the ecological revetment cavity. The time series data of hydrodynamic factors of each measuring point are extracted, and the time integral and standard deviation of each hydrodynamic factor are calculated to characterize the cumulative effect and fluctuation effect of external disturbance. The weights of the cumulative effect and fluctuation effect of each hydrodynamic factor are determined according to the entropy weight method, and the ecological disturbance intensity index is further calculated.

[0056] This embodiment uses the Pinglu Canal HD14 section under construction as a prototype to simulate the instantaneous flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and near-bed shear stress distribution within a permeable ballast block ecological slope protection structure during the period of ship waves generated by a 5000t ship traveling at 10km / h. The permeable ballast block ecological slope protection structure unit is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0057] Based on the model output, multiple measuring points (25 measuring points in this case, spaced 9-10 cm apart) were arranged within the ecological revetment cavity at a distance of 3 cm from the bed to fully cover the near-bottom plane of the ecological revetment cavity. The instantaneous flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and near-bed shear stress of each measuring point were extracted during the entire period of ship wave action.

[0058] The formulas for calculating the time integral and standard deviation of the hydrodynamic factor are as follows:

[0059] (2)

[0060] in, It represents the time integral, reflecting the cumulative effect of external disturbances (such as ship waves, floods, etc.) over its duration of action; This is the start time of the effective period. This is the end time of the effective period; For hydrodynamic factors at time The value; For the hydrodynamic factor in the first The measurement value at each moment, , This represents the number of discrete moments in the effective period. The time interval is 120 seconds. In this embodiment, the effect time of the ship's traveling wave is 120 seconds, and the entire effect period is discretized into 60 sampling times with a time interval of 2 seconds.

[0061] (3)

[0062] in, Hydrodynamic factors During the period of action within the standard deviation, This represents the average value of the hydrodynamic factor during the effective period.

[0063] Ecological disturbance intensity index The formula for calculating the Disturbance Intensity Index is as follows:

[0064] (4)

[0065] in, The correction coefficient is used to correct for the difference in absolute magnitude caused by relying solely on the weighted summation of standardized hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices between different disturbance scenarios; For the first Standardized values ​​of each hydrodynamic disturbance sub-index; For the first The weights of each hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indicator are determined by the entropy weight method; The number of hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices; the hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices are the values ​​of each hydrodynamic factor calculated by formulas (2) and (3). and .

[0066] Correction coefficient The velocity is determined by the typical flow velocity of the disturbance process and the background reference flow velocity. In this embodiment... ,in It is the 95th percentile value of the near-bottom velocity in the cavity of the ecological revetment structure during the period of ship wave action. It is used to characterize the typical velocity intensity of the ship wave disturbance process and reduce the potential impact of possible numerical discrepancy errors or sporadic peak values ​​at measurement points in local instantaneous moments. For the background reference velocity, this embodiment uses the cross-sectional average velocity corresponding to the multi-year average flow rate of the Qinjiang River main stream in the study section.

[0067] S4: Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was used to quantify the comprehensive response characteristics of benthic species to major environmental gradients. Euclidean distance was used to calculate the comprehensive response intensity of benthic species in the RDA ordination space. The mean + standard deviation of the comprehensive response intensity was used as a threshold to screen representative species with significant responses, and the ecological resilience index of representative species was calculated. Based on the biological data of benthic animals in the studied river section and the measured values ​​of aquatic environmental physicochemical factors, a proxy ecological disturbance intensity index DII′ was established. Benthic animal response models were established for each representative species, and nonlinear least squares method was used for parameter fitting to determine the key parameters of the benthic animal response models.

[0068] In this embodiment, the "vegan" package in the R environment is used to perform Redundancy Analysis (RDA) to extract the eigenvalues ​​of the first two ordination axes of the RDA model. The Euclidean distances of the eigenvalues ​​of the first two ordination axes of all benthic species obtained in step S1 in the ordination space are calculated as the comprehensive response strength of the species to the main environmental gradient. *Bellamya affinis* and *Pachyrhizoctonia solani* were identified as representative species.

[0069] Furthermore, based on the water environment physicochemical factor indicators in step S1, the proxy ecological disturbance intensity index DII′ is calculated according to formula (4). The relative abundance change of representative benthic animals is used as the species survival probability indicator of the benthic animal response model (relative abundance is the proportion of the number of individuals of this species to the total number of benthic animals at each sampling point), and a Gaussian benthic animal species response model is constructed for each representative species according to formula (5). Subsequently, nonlinear least squares method is used to fit the parameters in the R environment to determine the key parameters in the response models of different representative species, thereby obtaining the species response model of each representative species.

[0070] (5)

[0071] in, For species In disturbance intensity Survival probability under these conditions; For species The maximum probability of survival; For species The optimal perturbation strength, i.e., the point at which the survival probability reaches its peak. value; For species The perturbation response width reflects the ecological tolerance range of a species; key parameters of the benthic species response model include , and .

[0072] For the representative species selected Calculate its corresponding secondary productivity according to formula (1) and with / Characterizing representative species Ecological resilience index; , , , These represent the secondary productivity, average annual biomass per unit area, average individual mass, and number of individuals per unit area of ​​the species in the studied river section, respectively. = / .

[0073] S5: The species response model is modified based on the ecological resilience index of representative species to obtain the relative ecological resilience index of representative species.

[0074] Based on formula (6), the ecological resilience index of representative species and the average ecological resilience index of representative species set are introduced to modify the species response model, so as to obtain the relative ecological resilience index of representative species based on the ecological recovery potential of species.

[0075] The formula for calculating the relative ecological resilience index of representative species is as follows:

[0076] (6)

[0077] in, Representative species Relative ecological resilience index; Representative species obtained by fitting the Gaussian model The probability of survival; Representative species of / The ratio; The average of the representative set of species / value.

[0078] S6: The geometric mean method is used to couple the relative ecological resilience indices of each representative species to obtain the comprehensive relative ecological resilience index of the ecological revetment structure under typical external disturbances, thereby realizing the quantitative calculation of ecological resilience.

[0079] Based on formula (7), the geometric mean method is used to couple and normalize the relative ecological resilience indices of two representative species. The normalization is based on the optimal disturbance intensity for each representative species. The geometric mean of the relative ecological resilience index was used as a benchmark to obtain the comprehensive relative ecological resilience index of the benthic animal community at each measuring point within the permeable ballast block ecological slope protection structure.

[0080] The comprehensive relative ecological resilience index of a community is calculated using the following formula:

[0081] (7)

[0082] in, For the community's disturbance intensity The comprehensive relative ecological resilience index is as follows; For the first Representative species in terms of disturbance intensity The relative ecological resilience index below; For the first The relative ecological resilience index of representative species under optimal disturbance intensity; The number of representative species.

[0083] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the distribution cloud map of the community's comprehensive relative ecological resilience index calculated in this embodiment. The color bars in the diagram range from 0 to 1; values ​​closer to 1 indicate higher comprehensive relative ecological resilience at the corresponding location and under the corresponding disturbance scenario, while values ​​closer to 0 indicate lower relative ecological resilience. A distinct low-value area (blue / dark blue) is formed in the central region of the diagram, indicating lower comprehensive relative ecological resilience in this area under the selected disturbance scenario; while relatively high-value areas (yellow-red) appear near the boundaries and local corners, indicating higher comprehensive relative ecological resilience in these areas. This result demonstrates that the method of this invention can quantitatively identify differences in the recovery potential at different locations within the ecological revetment cavity during the engineering design stage, and can provide a basis for structural geometry optimization, key opening / channel layout, and microhabitat functional zoning.

Claims

1. A method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics, characterized in that, include: S1: Before the construction of the ecological bank protection project, multiple points were simultaneously sampled for benthic animal biological data and water environment physicochemical factor indicators in the study section. The benthic animal ecological resilience index of each sampling point was calculated based on the benthic animal biological data of each sampling point. S2: Based on the geometric parameters of the ecological revetment and the cross-sectional characteristics of the canal, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model is established using computational fluid dynamics software to simulate the hydrodynamic factors in the ecological revetment cavity at different times during typical external disturbance periods. S3: Based on the output results of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model, several measuring points are arranged on the near-bottom plane of the ecological revetment cavity. The time series data of hydrodynamic factors of each measuring point are extracted, and the time integral and standard deviation of each hydrodynamic factor are calculated to characterize the cumulative effect and fluctuation effect of external disturbance. The weights of the cumulative effect and fluctuation effect of each hydrodynamic factor are determined according to the entropy weight method, and the ecological disturbance intensity index is further calculated. S4: Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to quantify the comprehensive response characteristics of benthic species to major environmental gradients. Euclidean distance was used to calculate the comprehensive response intensity of benthic species in the RDA ordination space. The "mean + standard deviation" of the comprehensive response intensity was used as a threshold to screen representative species with significant responses, and the ecological resilience index of representative species was calculated. Based on the biological data of benthic animals in the studied river section and the measured values ​​of water environment physicochemical factors, a proxy ecological disturbance intensity index was established. A benthic species response model was established for each representative species, and the nonlinear least squares method was used for parameter fitting to determine the key parameters of the benthic animal response model. S5: The species response model is modified based on the ecological resilience index of representative species to obtain the relative ecological resilience index of representative species; S6: The geometric mean method is used to couple the relative ecological resilience indices of each representative species to obtain the comprehensive relative ecological resilience index of the ecological revetment structure under typical external disturbances, thereby realizing the quantitative calculation of ecological resilience.

2. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the benthic animal biological data includes benthic animal species composition, species quantity, species habitat density, and species biomass; the water environment physicochemical factor indicators are one or more monitoring indicators selected based on the actual conditions of the studied river section to characterize the water environment and hydrodynamic conditions.

3. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the species density and biomass of benthic animals at each sampling point, the secondary productivity of benthic animals at each sampling point was calculated according to formula (1). And the ratio of benthic animal secondary productivity to average annual biomass per unit area. / An index characterizing the ecological resilience of benthic animals at each sampling point; （1） in, The secondary productivity of benthic animals (based on ash-free dry weight) is expressed in g / ( ·Year); The average annual biomass of benthic animals per unit area (based on ash-free dry weight) is expressed in g / ; The average individual mass (as ash-free dry weight) of the benthic animal community at the sampling point is expressed in g / individual. Depend on Number of benthic animals per unit area at the sampling point ratio / calculate; This represents the number of benthic animals per unit area, expressed as individuals / .

4. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the hydrodynamic factors include instantaneous flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and near-bed shear stress.

5. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that, The formulas for calculating the time integral and standard deviation of the hydrodynamic factor are as follows: （2） in, It represents the time integral, reflecting the cumulative effect of external disturbances (such as ship waves, floods, etc.) over its duration of action; This is the start time of the effective period. This is the end time of the effective period; For hydrodynamic factors at time The value; For the hydrodynamic factor in the first The measurement value at each moment, , This represents the number of discrete moments in the effective period. For time intervals; （3） in, Hydrodynamic factors During the period of action within the standard deviation, This represents the average value of the hydrodynamic factor during the effective period.

6. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 5, characterized in that, Ecological disturbance intensity index The calculation formula is: （4） in, The correction coefficient is used to correct for the difference in absolute magnitude caused by relying solely on the weighted summation of standardized hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices between different disturbance scenarios; For the first Standardized values ​​of each hydrodynamic disturbance sub-index; For the first The weights of each hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indicator are determined by the entropy weight method; The number of hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices; the hydrodynamic disturbance sub-indices are the values ​​of each hydrodynamic factor calculated by formulas (2) and (3). and .

7. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 6, characterized in that, Correction coefficient It is determined by the typical flow velocity of the disturbance process and the background reference flow velocity.

8. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, a Gaussian-form benthic species response model is constructed according to formula (5): （5） in, For species In disturbance intensity Survival probability under these conditions; For species The maximum probability of survival; For species The optimal perturbation strength, i.e., the point at which the survival probability reaches its peak. value; For species The perturbation response width reflects the ecological tolerance range of a species; the key parameters of the benthic species response model include , and .

9. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S5, the formula for calculating the relative ecological resilience index of representative species is as follows: （6） in, Representative species Relative ecological resilience index; Representative species obtained by fitting the Gaussian model The probability of survival; Representative species of / The ratio; The average of the representative set of species / value.

10. The method for assessing the ecological resilience of ecological revetment structures based on benthic animal response characteristics according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S6, the community's comprehensive relative ecological resilience index is calculated using the following formula: （7） in, For the community's disturbance intensity The comprehensive relative ecological resilience index is as follows; For the first Representative species in terms of disturbance intensity The relative ecological resilience index below; For the first The relative ecological resilience index of representative species under optimal disturbance intensity; The number of representative species.

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