Low-voltage high-strength ultraviolet lamp and ultraviolet device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of ultraviolet devices, and particularly discloses a low-voltage high-strength ultraviolet lamp and an ultraviolet device. The low-voltage high-strength ultraviolet lamp comprises a lamp tube, at least one end of the lamp tube is provided with a containing cavity used for containing amalgam, and a lamp filament is arranged in the lamp tube; the inner diameter of the lamp tube is not less than 23mm, and the current density is not less than 0.65 A / cm < 2 >; the amalgam is an alloy containing Bi, In and Hg, and the weight ratios of Bi, In and Hg are a, b and c respectively; a, b and c meet the following relations: a / b is more than 2.0 and less than 5.0, and b / c is more than 3.6 and less than 5.5; t95 of the amalgam is greater than or equal to 25 DEG C. The low-voltage high-strength ultraviolet lamp has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, high in maintenance rate, high in stability and high in efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ultraviolet devices, and more particularly to a low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp and an ultraviolet device. Background Technology

[0002] Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection technology is widely used in various sterilization and disinfection fields, as well as in the degradation of organic matter. UV sources can be UV LEDs or UV mercury vapor discharge lamps, among others. Currently, the most commonly used UV lamps for air and drinking water are hot cathode low-pressure mercury lamps, where mercury atoms inside the lamp tube are excited to generate short-wave UV light (such as 254nm and 185nm), achieving the effect of killing bacteria. To reduce the number of UV lamps, the use of high-intensity UV lamps with high current density (the ratio of lamp current to internal cross-sectional area) is a development trend in this field. High-intensity low-pressure UV lamps generally have large operating currents and large lamp tube sizes, facing many challenges that remain unresolved.

[0003] The photoelectric parameters of low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are closely related to the mercury vapor pressure, which is temperature-dependent; temperature changes cause significant variations in ultraviolet output. The operating temperature range of the mercury alloy lamp where the 254nm output continuously fluctuates from 90% to 100% is termed ΔT. 90 The operating temperature range of the mercury alloy whose 254nm ultraviolet lamp output continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100% is called ΔT. 95 ΔT 90 ΔT 95 A higher value indicates a wider range of ambient temperatures that the UV lamp can adapt to when it reaches near-optimal efficiency, and stronger environmental adaptability. For large-diameter, low-pressure UV lamps, the current density increases significantly, and its ΔT value... 90 ΔT 95 Significantly reduced. Specifically, taking a traditional large-diameter ultraviolet lamp (outer diameter 38mm, inner diameter approximately 35mm, lamp current 0.425A, mercury source liquid mercury) as an example, its ΔT 90 At approximately 30°C, a cold-end temperature of 40°C corresponds to a mercury vapor pressure of 0.8 Pa inside the lamp, which is the optimal mercury vapor pressure P0. After the inventors increased the current to 8A, the UV output reached its maximum value at a cold-end temperature of approximately 41°C; at 30°C, the UV output was approximately 50% of the maximum value; at 50°C, the UV output was approximately 85% of the maximum value; and at 60°C, the UV output was approximately 70% of the maximum value. Its ΔT... 90 The temperature narrows significantly to approximately 7°C. This indicates that when the current density increases substantially, the optimal mercury vapor pressure of the lamp shifts, ΔT 90With a significantly narrowed range, ultraviolet output becomes extremely sensitive to fluctuations in mercury vapor pressure. Even slight changes in mercury vapor pressure can lead to significant variations in the 254nm output efficiency and power. For ultraviolet disinfection and advanced ultraviolet oxidation, the focus is on minimizing the output power and efficiency under environmental conditions.

[0004] On the other hand, as the lamp ignites, Ba and Hg in the electronic powder combine to form a stable Ba-Hg alloy. Alkaline earth metals in the glass migrate to the inner wall of the glass and combine with mercury to form an alkaline earth metal amalgam. Impurities inside the lamp release oxygen, forming mercury oxide. The mercury in the Ba-Hg alloy, alkaline earth metal amalgam, and mercury oxide cannot return to the original amalgam, leading to a continuous decrease in the mercury content in the amalgam. This causes the performance of the amalgam in controlling mercury vapor pressure to change continuously, resulting in significant light decay and low light maintenance rate in the later stages of the UV lamp's lifespan. For high-power UV lamps with an inner diameter ≥23mm, as the lamp tube ignites, the Ba-Hg alloy, alkaline earth metal amalgam, and mercury oxide consume a large amount of mercury, leading to a continuous decrease in the mercury content in the amalgam. The performance of the amalgam in controlling mercury vapor pressure changes significantly compared to the initial stage, and this change in amalgam performance causes a substantial change in UV output efficiency. Existing technologies often reduce the change in the mercury content in the amalgam by adding excessive amounts of amalgam, thus mitigating the change in the performance of the amalgam in controlling mercury vapor pressure. However, this causes serious mercury pollution, which is inconsistent with the trend of green and environmentally friendly development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp with low mercury content, high 254nm ultraviolet output efficiency, high 254nm ultraviolet output maintenance rate, wide effective operating temperature range of mercury alloy, and strong environmental adaptability of ultraviolet lamp.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention discloses a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube, at least one end of which has a receiving cavity for accommodating a mercury alloy, and a filament disposed within the lamp tube; the inner diameter of the lamp tube is ≥23mm, and the current density (the ratio of lamp current to the inner circular cross-sectional area) is ≥0.65A / cm². 2 The mercury alloy is an alloy containing Bi, In, and Hg, with the weight percentages of Bi, In, and Hg being a, b, and c, respectively; a, b, and c conform to the following relationship: 2.0 < a / b < 5.0, 3.6 < b / c < 5.5; The mercury alloy T 95 ≥25℃, where T 95 Calculate according to the following formula:

[0007] In the formula, This refers to the effective operating temperature range of mercury alloys. The minimum and maximum temperatures of the mercury alloy are respectively the values ​​of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp when the 254nm ultraviolet output (hereinafter referred to as ultraviolet output) fluctuates continuously from 95% to 100% during the early stage of its lifespan. These represent the minimum and maximum temperatures of the amalgam when the UV output of a low-pressure UV lamp continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100% in the later stages of its lifespan.

[0008] Specifically, in the early stages of a UV lamp's lifespan, the operating temperature range of the mercury alloy that continuously fluctuates between 95% and 100% of the UV lamp's output is referred to as ΔT95. In the later stages of a UV lamp's lifespan, the operating temperature range of the mercury alloy that continuously fluctuates between 95% and 100% of the UV lamp's 254nm output is referred to as ΔT. 95 ′,ΔT 95 With ΔT 95 Overlapping temperature range T 95 The effective operating range of the amalgam lamp is defined as the 254nm output of the ultraviolet lamp, which fluctuates continuously from 95% to 100%. 95 This refers to the operating temperature range of the mercury alloy used in ultraviolet lamps to achieve near-optimal UV output efficiency both in the initial stage and later stages of their lifespan. A higher value indicates a wider operating temperature range that the mercury alloy can adapt to at the beginning and end of its lifespan, stronger environmental adaptability of the UV lamp, reduced light decay caused by the mercury alloy, higher UV lamp light maintenance rate, higher mercury efficiency in the mercury alloy, or a reduction in the amount of mercury injected into the UV lamp. This technical solution uses the aforementioned alloy containing Bi, In, and Hg in large-diameter, high-current-density UV lamps. Measurements have shown that its T... 95 The temperature is ≥25℃, which, while ensuring a high maintenance rate of 254nm ultraviolet output throughout its lifespan, also effectively reduces the mercury content in the ultraviolet lamp. Simultaneously, the mercury alloy of this invention has a wide effective operating temperature range, strong environmental adaptability, stable ultraviolet output, and high 254nm ultraviolet output efficiency.

[0009] Specifically, a, b, and c satisfy the following relationships: 2.0 < a / b < 5.0, 3.6 < b / c < 5.5. When a / b ≤ 2.0, the amalgam melting temperature is low and it flows easily; when a / b ≥ 5.0, the amalgam has a low mercury content, requires a large injection volume, and is difficult to manufacture; when b / c ≤ 3.6, the initial ΔT of the amalgam's lifespan... 95 The range is narrow; when b / c ≥ 5.5, the ΔT in the later stages of the lifetime is... 95 The narrow range leads to T 95 Narrow scope.

[0010] It should be noted that, in this invention, the initial lifespan refers to the moment when the ultraviolet lamp is first used, or any time within the first 1% of its lifespan. Preferably, the initial lifespan is 15-100 hours after the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp ignites, ΔT 95This refers to the effective operating range of the mercury alloy at that moment, where the 254nm output of the ultraviolet lamp continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100%.

[0011] In this invention, the later stage of life refers to any time within the last 10% of its lifespan, but is not limited thereto. Preferably, the later stage of lifespan is any time after the loss of Hg in the amalgam reaches ≥17wt%. ΔT 95 '' represents the effective operating range of the mercury alloy at that moment, where the 254nm output of the ultraviolet lamp continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100%. More specifically, for convenience, ΔT 95 ′ and T 95 In some implementations, during the early stages of the lifespan, approximately 20 wt% of mercury in the amalgam is removed by vacuuming to simulate the later stages of the ultraviolet lamp's lifespan, and ΔT is measured. 95 For example, the mercury content in the amalgam can be reduced by 18-22 wt%, 18-20 wt%, 18-24 wt%, and 17-22 wt%, respectively, and then ΔT can be performed. 95 The determination of ′. Furthermore, it should be noted that the amount of mercury removed here refers to the amount calculated based on the initial mercury content of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp. It should also be noted that the amount of mercury lost by the amalgam during the later stages of the ultraviolet lamp's lifespan varies from 15wt% to 80wt%, depending on the specific lamp manufacturing process.

[0012] Preferably, in some embodiments, the mercury alloy is a Bi, In, Hg alloy, and a, b, c meet the following relationship: 2.2≤a / b≤4.0, 3.8≤b / c≤5.3.

[0013] Preferably, in some embodiments, the mercury alloy is a Bi, In, Hg alloy, where a, b, and c conform to the following relationship: 2.5 ≤ a / b ≤ 3.8, 4.0 ≤ b / c ≤ 5.0.

[0014] Preferably, in some embodiments, the distance between the amalgam and the filament is ≥30mm. The inventors unexpectedly discovered that, under larger tube diameters and higher current densities, the operating temperature of the amalgam can be effectively adjusted by regulating the distance between the amalgam and the filament (the center of the filament). In actual use, the ultraviolet lamp achieves a minimum temperature of approximately 73°C and a maximum temperature of approximately 108°C on the outer wall of the amalgam housing. This allows the amalgam to maintain a relatively stable mercury vapor pressure over a wider temperature range, thus broadening ΔT. 95 ΔT 95 The mercury vapor pressure is within the range of ′, and it is also close to the optimal mercury vapor pressure (P0) for large-diameter, high-current-density tubes. This greatly improves the conversion efficiency of low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamps and maintains relatively stable ultraviolet output, thus broadening its applicable working environment.

[0015] Preferably, in some embodiments, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, and the current density is 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30-80mm, so that the temperature of the outer wall of the mercury alloy housing is controlled within the range of approximately 75-105℃ under the working environment of the ultraviolet lamp; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 40-100mm, so that the temperature of the outer wall of the mercury alloy housing cavity is controlled within the range of approximately 75℃-105℃ under the working environment of the ultraviolet lamp; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm, so that the temperature of the outer wall of the mercury alloy cavity is controlled within the range of about 75~105℃ under the working environment of the ultraviolet lamp.

[0016] Preferably, in some embodiments, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, and the current density is 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50-65 mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 60-75 mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm.

[0017] Preferably, in some embodiments, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, and the current density is 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm; 2.0 < a / b < 4.0, 4.0 < b / c < 5.5; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 40~100mm; 2.2 < a / b < 4.5, 3.8 < b / c < 5.3; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm; 2.3 < a / b < 4.8, 3.6 < b / c < 5.2.

[0018] Preferably, in some embodiments, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, and the current density is 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm; 2.1 < a / b < 3.9, 4.1 < b / c < 5.3; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 60~75mm; 2.3 < a / b < 4.2, 3.9 < b / c < 5.1; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm; 2.4 < a / b < 4.6, 3.8 < b / c < 5.0.

[0019] Preferably, in some embodiments, a heating device is also included, which is fitted into the receiving cavity. Further, the heating device controls the minimum temperature of the outer wall of the receiving cavity to be 75~90°C, significantly widening the T... 95 The ultraviolet lamp has a wide range of environmental adaptability and can be used for low-power or low-water-temperature operation.

[0020] Preferably, in some embodiments, the lamp tube is provided with an insulating sleeve, the inner diameter of which is 3-16 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube. The sleeve serves as insulation and can stabilize the temperature of the mercury alloy.

[0021] Preferably, in some embodiments, the lamp tube is filled with a mixture of neon and argon gas, wherein the volume ratio of neon to argon is ≥2.5.

[0022] Accordingly, the present invention also discloses an ultraviolet device comprising the aforementioned low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp.

[0023] Implementing this invention has the following beneficial effects: In one embodiment of the present invention, the ultraviolet lamp includes a lamp tube, at least one end of which is provided with a receiving cavity for accommodating a mercury alloy, and a filament is provided inside the lamp tube; the inner diameter of the lamp tube is ≥23mm, and the current density is ≥0.65A / cm². 2 The mercury alloy is an alloy containing Bi, In, and Hg, with the weight percentages of Bi, In, and Hg being a, b, and c, respectively; a, b, and c satisfy the following relationships: 2.0 < a / b < 5.0, 3.6 < b / c < 5.5; the T of this mercury alloy95 ≥95℃. The ΔT of the mercury alloy of this invention. 95 (Temperature range during which UV output fluctuates continuously from 95% to 100% in the early stages of its lifespan) and ΔT 95 The temperature range during which UV output fluctuates continuously from 95% to 100% in the later stages of its lifespan is quite wide, and the overlap between the two is also significant, thus broadening the range of T. 95 This range allows the ultraviolet lamp to simultaneously possess the advantages of being environmentally friendly, having a high maintenance rate, high stability, and high efficiency. While ensuring a high maintenance rate of 254nm ultraviolet output, it can effectively reduce the mercury content within the ultraviolet lamp. Furthermore, the mercury alloy in this invention has a wide effective operating temperature range, strong environmental adaptability, stable ultraviolet output, and high 254nm ultraviolet output efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a front structural schematic diagram of a low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of section AA; Figure 4 This is a comparison of the temperature characteristic curves of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamps at the beginning and end of their lifespan in Examples 1-4. In the figures, η represents the initial stage of lifespan, η ’ This indicates the later stages of life; Figure 5 This is a comparison of the temperature characteristic curves of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp at the beginning and end of its lifespan in Comparative Example 1-1. In the figure, η represents the initial lifespan, η ’ This indicates the later stages of life. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0027] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0028] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0030] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, various specific examples of processes and materials are provided in this application, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0031] Traditional low-pressure ultraviolet lamps are prone to ΔT issues when using large-diameter tubes and high-current-density lamps. 90 ΔT 95 ΔT 95 It suffers from problems such as significantly narrowed UV range, unstable UV output, low conversion efficiency, and poor adaptability to working environments. Moreover, there is a huge difference in UV output between the early and late stages of its lifespan, and the output maintenance rate is low.

[0032] To address the aforementioned problems, as a first aspect of the present invention, see [reference needed]. Figures 1-3 One embodiment of the present invention provides a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube 5, at least one end of which is provided with a receiving cavity for accommodating an amalgam 1, and a filament 2 disposed within the lamp tube 5. The inner diameter of the lamp tube 5 is ≥23mm, and the current density is ≥0.65A / cm². 2 .

[0033] The mercury alloy contained in the cavity is an alloy containing Bi, In, and Hg, with the weight percentages of Bi, In, and Hg being a, b, and c, respectively; a, b, and c conform to the following relationship: 2.0 < a / b < 5.0, 3.6 < b / c < 5.5; The mercury alloy T 95 ≥25℃, where T 95 Calculate according to the following formula:

[0034] In the formula, This refers to the effective operating temperature range of mercury alloys. These are the minimum and maximum temperatures of the mercury alloy when the UV output of a low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100% during the early stage of its lifespan. These represent the minimum and maximum temperatures of the amalgam when the UV output of a low-pressure UV lamp continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100% in the later stages of its lifespan.

[0035] In this invention, ΔT 95 With ΔT 95 Overlapping temperature range T 95The effective operating range of the amalgam lamp is defined as the 254nm output of the ultraviolet lamp, which fluctuates continuously from 95% to 100%. 95 This invention effectively characterizes the operating temperature range of the mercury alloy used in ultraviolet lamps to achieve near-optimal UV output efficiency in both the early and late stages of their lifespan. A higher value indicates a wider operating temperature range that the mercury alloy can adapt to at the beginning and end of its lifespan, stronger environmental adaptability of the ultraviolet lamp, reduced light decay from the mercury alloy, higher UV lamp light maintenance rate, higher mercury efficiency in the mercury alloy, or a reduction in the amount of mercury injected into the lamp. After extensive experimentation, this invention has been used in large-diameter, high-current-density ultraviolet lamps employing the aforementioned specific proportions of Bi, In, and Hg alloys. Measurements have shown that its T... 95 The temperature is ≥25℃, which, while ensuring a high maintenance rate of 254nm ultraviolet output throughout its lifespan, also effectively reduces the mercury content in the ultraviolet lamp. Simultaneously, the mercury alloy of this invention has a wide effective operating temperature range, strong environmental adaptability, stable ultraviolet output, and high 254nm ultraviolet output efficiency.

[0036] Specifically, the lamp tube 5 is made of quartz glass or other glass that transmits ultraviolet light. Its interior is a sealed structure, forming a discharge cavity. When the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp is in operation, the mercury vapor emitted by the amalgam 1 enters the discharge cavity. Specifically, the lamp tube 5 can be a straight tube, a U-shaped tube, an H-shaped tube, or a π-shaped tube, but is not limited to these.

[0037] Specifically, at least one end of the lamp tube 5 is provided with a clamping head 4, which is connected to the discharge cavity. A filament 2 is connected to the end of the clamping head 4 facing the lamp tube 5, and an electrode lead 7 is provided at the end of the clamping head 4 away from the lamp tube 5. A receiving cavity for accommodating the amalgam 1 is formed inside the clamping head 4, one end of which communicates with the discharge cavity to guide the mercury vapor generated by the amalgam 1 into the discharge cavity. Specifically, the receiving cavity can be a separate structure connected to the clamping head 4, or it can be a groove extending from the clamping head 4 towards the discharge cavity, but is not limited to these. The receiving cavity can be spherical, quasi-spherical, ellipsoidal, tubular, or conical, but is not limited to these shapes.

[0038] Specifically, the amalgam is an alloy containing Bi, In, and Hg, all of which are solid substances at room temperature, i.e., amalgam. Amalgam is easier to place in a container and also easier to recycle. Exemplarily, the amalgam is a Bi-In-Zn-Hg alloy, a Bi-In-Ag-Hg alloy, or a Bi-In-Hg alloy, but is not limited to these. The technical solution of this embodiment is well applicable to various alloys containing Bi, In, and Hg. Preferably, in some embodiments, the amalgam is a Bi-In-Hg alloy, that is, the amalgam contains only Bi, In, and Hg, and some unavoidable impurities. Bi-In-Hg alloy is a high-temperature solid mercury alloy with a high operating temperature; it does not flow at the operating temperature, which is beneficial for temperature stability; and the T of Bi-In-Hg alloy... 95 Large and highly stable.

[0039] Specifically, in some embodiments, the mercury alloy is a Bi-In-Hg alloy, where the weight percentages of Bi, In, and Hg are a, b, and c, respectively, and a, b, and c satisfy the following relationships: 2.0 < a / b < 5.0, 3.6 < b / c < 5.5. Based on the control of the aforementioned weight percentages, the mercury alloy can achieve a wide range of ΔT values. 95 ΔT 95 This significantly reduces the sensitivity of the working temperature to the mercury vapor pressure, allowing mercury alloys to be used in ultraviolet lamps with larger tube diameters; it also gives mercury alloys a wider temperature range. 95 This design results in minimal changes in mercury vapor pressure characteristics and high light retention in the amalgam during the later stages of its lifespan (after the mercury content in the amalgam decreases by 20%). It also reduces the mercury content in the amalgam, making it more environmentally friendly.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this invention, the initial lifespan refers to the moment when the ultraviolet lamp is first used, or any time within the first 5% of its lifespan. Preferably, the initial lifespan is 15 to 100 hours before the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp ignites, ΔT 95 This refers to the effective operating range of the mercury alloy at that moment, where the 254nm output of the ultraviolet lamp continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100%.

[0041] In this invention, the later stage of life refers to any time within the last 10% of its lifespan, but is not limited to this. Preferably, the later stage of lifespan is the time after approximately 20 wt% of Hg has been lost from the amalgam. ΔT 95 '' represents the effective operating range of the mercury alloy at that moment, where the 254nm output of the ultraviolet lamp continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100%. More specifically, for convenience, ΔT 95 ′ and T 95 In some implementations, during the initial stage of the lifespan, approximately 20 wt% of the mercury content in the amalgam is removed by heating and vacuuming to simulate the later stages of the ultraviolet lamp's lifespan, and ΔT is measured.95 For example, the mercury content in the amalgam can be reduced by 15-22 wt%, 15-20 wt%, 18-24 wt%, and 17-22 wt%, respectively, and then ΔT can be performed. 95 The determination of ′. In addition, it should be noted that the amount of mercury removed here refers to the amount removed based on the initial mercury content of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp.

[0042] Preferably, in some embodiments, the mercury alloy is a Bi-In-Hg alloy, wherein the weight percentages of Bi, In, and Hg are a, b, and c, respectively, and a, b, and c satisfy the following relationships: 2.2≤a / b≤4.0, 3.8≤b / c≤5.3.

[0043] For example, the value of a / b in the amalgam ranges from 2.3 to 2.55, 2.5 to 2.75, 2.75 to 3, 3.25 to 3.5, 3.5 to 3.75, or 3.75 to 3.9, but is not limited to these.

[0044] For example, the value of b / c in the amalgam ranges from 3.95 to 4.0, 4.0 to 4.25, 4.25 to 4.5, 4.5 to 4.75, 4.75 to 5.0, or 5.0 to 5.25, but is not limited to these values.

[0045] More preferably, in some embodiments, the mercury alloy is a Bi, In, Hg alloy, where a, b, and c satisfy the following relationship: 2.5 ≤ a / b ≤ 3.8, 4.0 ≤ b / c ≤ 5.0.

[0046] Preferably, in some embodiments, the distance between the amalgam and the filament is ≥30mm. The inventors unexpectedly discovered that, under larger tube diameters and higher current densities, adjusting the distance between the amalgam 1 and the filament 2 (the center of the filament) (i.e....) Figure 1 (d) can effectively regulate the operating temperature of the amalgam 1. Specifically, under actual operating conditions, the ultraviolet lamp causes the lowest temperature of the outer wall of the amalgam housing cavity to be approximately 73°C and the highest temperature to be approximately 108°C. This allows the amalgam containing Bi, In, and Hg in this embodiment to maintain a relatively stable mercury vapor pressure over a wide temperature range, thus broadening the ΔT range. 95 The mercury vapor pressure is within the range of large-diameter, high-current-density mercury vapor pressure (P0), which greatly improves the conversion efficiency of low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamps and maintains relatively stable ultraviolet output, thus broadening its applicable working environment.

[0047] It should be noted that the operating temperature of the mercury alloy in this invention refers to the temperature of the outer wall of the receiving cavity. In a low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, the discharge region is the positive column region, and the temperature of the tube wall of the lamp tube 5 in the positive column region is higher than the temperature at both ends, i.e., the two ends are cold ends. In this invention, the mercury alloy is located in the receiving cavity at the cold end, and the mercury alloy is in direct contact with the receiving cavity. For ease of measurement and control, the temperature of the outer wall of the receiving cavity is used as the operating temperature of the mercury alloy.

[0048] Preferably, in some embodiments, the parameters of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp are configured as follows: The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 23~28mm and a current density of 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 40~100mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm.

[0049] It should be noted that during the inventors’ detailed research on lamp tubes of various diameters, they discovered that the optimal current density and the optimal distance between the amalgam and the filament differed for each tube diameter. Therefore, after a large number of experiments, the above ranges were determined. Based on the above parameter configuration, the working temperature of the amalgam can be controlled between 75 and 105°C, resulting in a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp with high efficiency, high stability, and high light maintenance rate.

[0050] Furthermore, the parameters of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp are configured as follows: The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 23~28mm and a current density of 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50-65 mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 60-75 mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm.

[0051] For example, when the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, the current density is any one of the following parameters: 0.65~0.8A / cm². 20.75~0.9A / cm 2 0.85~1.0A / cm 2 0.9~1.05A / cm 2 Or 0.95~1.1A / cm 2 However, it is not limited to this.

[0052] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, the distance between the amalgam and the filament is any one of the following parameters: 50~55mm, 55~60mm or 60~65mm, but not limited to these.

[0053] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 28~33mm, the current density is any one of the following parameters: 0.75~0.9A / cm². 2 0.8~0.95A / cm 2 0.85~1.0A / cm 2 0.9~1.05A / cm 2 Or 0.95~1.15A / cm 2 However, it is not limited to this.

[0054] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 28~33mm, the distance between the amalgam and the filament is any one of the following parameters: 60~65mm, 65~70mm or 70~75mm, but not limited to these.

[0055] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 33~36mm, the current density is any one of the following parameters: 0.75~0.8A / cm². 2 0.8~0.85A / cm 2 0.85~0.9A / cm 2 Or 0.9~0.95A / cm 2 However, it is not limited to this.

[0056] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 33~36mm, the distance between the amalgam and the filament is any one of the following parameters: 50~55mm, 55~60mm or 60~65mm, but not limited to these.

[0057] Furthermore, the inventors discovered during experiments that different tube diameters and current densities exhibit varying sensitivities to mercury vapor pressure. To obtain the optimal mercury vapor pressure, it is necessary to specifically adjust the composition of the amalgam used for each tube diameter. Therefore, based on in-depth research into amalgam, tube diameter, current density, etc., the parameters of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp are configured as follows: The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 23~28mm and a current density of 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm; 2.0 < a / b < 4.0, 4.0 < b / c < 5.5; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 40~100mm; 2.2 < a / b < 4.5, 3.8 < b / c < 5.3; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm; 2.3 < a / b < 4.8, 3.6 < b / c < 5.2.

[0058] More preferably, in some embodiments, the parameters of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp are configured as follows: The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 23~28mm and a current density of 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm; 2.1 < a / b < 3.9, 4.1 < b / c < 5.3; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 60~75mm; 2.3 < a / b < 4.2, 3.9 < b / c < 5.1; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm; 2.4 < a / b < 4.6, 3.8 < b / c < 5.0.

[0059] For example, when the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, the current density is any one of the following parameters: 0.65~0.8A / cm². 2 0.75~0.9A / cm 2 0.85~1.0A / cm 2 0.9~1.05A / cm 2 Or 0.95~1.1A / cm 2 However, it is not limited to this.

[0060] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, the distance between the amalgam and the filament is any one of the following parameters: 50~55mm, 55~60mm or 60~65mm, but not limited to these.

[0061] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, the value of a / b in the amalgam can be any one of the following parameters: 2.1~2.3, 2.25~2.45, 2.4~2.6, 2.55~2.75, 2.6~2.85, 2.8~3.05, 3.1~3.35, 3.25~3.5, 3.4~3.55, 3.5~3.75 or 3.7~3.85, but is not limited to these.

[0062] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 23~28mm, the value of b / c in the mercury alloy can be any one of the following parameters: 4.15~4.35, 4.3~4.45, 4.5~4.7, 4.65~4.8, 4.75~4.9, 4.8~5.05, 5.05~5.15 or 5.15~5.25, but is not limited to these.

[0063] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 28~33mm, the current density is any one of the following parameters: 0.75~0.9A / cm². 2 0.8~0.95A / cm 2 0.85~1.0A / cm 2 0.9~1.05A / cm 2 Or 0.95~1.15A / cm 2 However, it is not limited to this.

[0064] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 28~33mm, the distance between the amalgam and the filament is any one of the following parameters: 60~65mm, 65~70mm or 70~75mm, but not limited to these.

[0065] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 28~33mm, the value of a / b in the amalgam can be any one of the following parameters: 2.35~2.5, 2.45~2.6, 2.55~2.7, 2.65~2.8, 2.75~2.9, 2.8~2.95, 2.95~3.1, 3.05~3.25, 3.15~3.35, 3.35~3.5, 3.4~3.6, 3.5~3.75, 3.65~3.8, 3.7~3.9, 3.8~4.05, or 4.0~4.15, but is not limited to these.

[0066] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 28~33mm, the value of b / c in the amalgam can be any one of the following parameters: 3.95~4.25, 4.25~4.35, 4.35~4.45, 4.45~4.55, 4.55~4.65, 4.65~4.75, 4.75~4.85, 4.85~4.95 or 4.95~5.05, but is not limited to these.

[0067] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 33~36mm, the current density is any one of the following parameters: 0.75~0.8A / cm². 2 0.8~0.85A / cm 2 0.85~0.9A / cm 2 Or 0.9~0.95A / cm 2 However, it is not limited to this.

[0068] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 33~36mm, the distance between the amalgam and the filament is any one of the following parameters: 50~55mm, 55~60mm or 60~65mm, but not limited to these.

[0069] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 33~36mm, the value of a / b in the amalgam can be any one of the following parameters: 2.55~2.75, 2.7~2.95, 2.85~3.1, 3.0~3.25, 3.15~3.35, 3.25~3.4, 3.35~3.55, 3.5~3.8, 3.65~3.9, 3.7~4.1, 3.85~4.25, 4.0~4.3 or 4.1~4.55, but is not limited to these.

[0070] When the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 33~36mm, the value of b / c in the amalgam can be any one of the following parameters: 3.85~4.05, 3.95~4.25, 4.05~4.35, 4.25~4.55, 4.35~4.6, 4.55~4.65, 4.65~4.75, 4.75~4.85 or 4.85~4.95, but is not limited to these.

[0071] Based on the above arrangement parameters, the mercury vapor pressure of the amalgam varies very little in the range of 75℃ to 105℃, and is close to the optimal mercury vapor pressure for each tube diameter and current density. This significantly improves the electro-optical conversion efficiency of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, and ensures stable ultraviolet input under various operating environments.

[0072] Preferably, in some embodiments, the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp further includes a heating device 6, which provides heat to heat the amalgam 1, thereby maintaining the working temperature of the amalgam 1 ≥ 75°C. It should be noted that when the ultraviolet lamp is in a working environment with a long-term high flow rate or low ambient temperature, simply controlling the position of the filament 2 and the amalgam 1 may not be sufficient to maintain the working temperature of the amalgam 1 above 75°C for an extended period. However, by introducing the heating device, it can operate under conditions of low ambient temperature and high flow rate, thereby raising the working temperature of the amalgam 1 to a higher temperature, ensuring that the mercury vapor pressure is near the optimal mercury vapor pressure (P0), guaranteeing high ultraviolet output efficiency and good output stability, and further improving environmental adaptability. Specifically, by introducing the heating device, the ultraviolet lamp can remain in its optimal efficiency state when the ambient temperature difference is around 50°C. Specifically, the heating device 6 can be a thermistor or a semiconductor heating device, but is not limited to these. Preferably, it is a thermistor, which has a simple structure, is easy to control, and is small in size and low in cost. It should be noted that the heating device 6 also includes a heating temperature controller 3 for controlling its heating temperature.

[0073] Specifically, the heating device may be in direct or indirect contact with the receiving cavity, but is not limited thereto. Preferably, in some embodiments, the receiving cavity is in direct contact with the heating device. More specifically, the heating device has a sheet-like structure, with one side fitting against the receiving cavity and the other side connected to the heating thermostat 3.

[0074] Specifically, in some embodiments, the lamp tube 5 is filled with an inert gas. The inert gas can improve the excitation efficiency of mercury atoms, reduce collision losses, and improve conversion efficiency. Specifically, the inert gas can be one or more of helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon, but is not limited to these. Preferably, in some embodiments, the inert gas is a mixture of neon and argon, and the volume ratio of neon to argon is ≥2.5. This mixed gas is beneficial for further improving the lamp voltage and lamp power, while improving the output efficiency of low-pressure ultraviolet lamps with large diameter and high current density. Furthermore, the volume ratio of neon to argon is (3~8):1, exemplarily 3.5:1, 4:1, 4.5:1, 5:1, 5.5:1, 6:1, 6.5:1, 7:1, or 7.5:1, but is not limited to these.

[0075] Preferably, in some embodiments, an insulating sleeve is also provided around the lamp tube 5, which can improve the heat preservation performance and optimize stability. Specifically, the inner diameter of the insulating sleeve is 3-16 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube 5; the insulating sleeve and the lamp tube 5 are sealed together, and an inert gas is filled between them; the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, and krypton. Preferably, in some embodiments, the inert gas is a mixture of nitrogen and argon. More specifically, the volume ratio of nitrogen to argon is 1:(0.8-1.5), exemplary ratios are 1:0.9, 1:1.1, 1:1.3, or 1:1.4, but not limited thereto.

[0076] Accordingly, the present invention also provides an ultraviolet device, which includes the aforementioned low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp. It also includes commonly used ballasts, electronic control systems, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0077] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments: Example Group 1 This embodiment provides a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube, a clamping head, an amalgam, a filament, a heating device, electrode leads, and an insulating sleeve. The lamp tube is made of quartz and is a straight tube with a filament at each end. The total arc length of the lamp tube is 1440 mm. The lamp tube is filled with a mixture of neon and argon gas, with a neon to argon volume ratio of 5.5. The clamping head is located at one end of the lamp tube and forms a receiving cavity containing the amalgam. The inner diameter of the insulating sleeve is 10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube. The space between the insulating sleeve and the lamp tube is filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas, with a nitrogen to argon volume ratio of 1.0.

[0078] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 35mm, and the current density is 0.83A / cm². 2 The distance d between the amalgam and the filament is 55 mm.

[0079] In this embodiment, the specific formulation of the mercury alloy is shown in Table 1: Table 1. Formulation and properties of mercury alloys in Example Group 1

[0080] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube, a clamping head, an amalgam, a filament, a heating device, electrode leads, and an insulating sleeve. The lamp tube is made of quartz and is a straight tube with a filament at each end. The total arc length of the lamp tube is 1440 mm. The lamp tube is filled with a mixture of neon and argon gas, with a neon to argon volume ratio of 5.5. The clamping head is located at one end of the lamp tube and forms a receiving cavity containing the amalgam. The inner diameter of the insulating sleeve is 10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube. The space between the insulating sleeve and the lamp tube is filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas, with a nitrogen to argon volume ratio of 1.0.

[0081] In this comparative example, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 35mm, and the current density is 0.83A / cm². 2 The distance d between the amalgam and the filament is 55 mm.

[0082] In this comparative example group, the specific formulation of the mercury alloy is shown in Table 2: Table 2. Formulation and properties of the mercury alloy in Comparative Example 1

[0083] Example 2 This embodiment provides a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube, a clamping head, an amalgam, a filament, a heating device, electrode leads, and an insulating sleeve. The lamp tube is made of quartz and is a straight tube with a filament at each end. The total arc length of the lamp tube is 1440 mm. The lamp tube is filled with a mixture of neon and argon gas, with a neon to argon volume ratio of 5.5. The clamping head is located at one end of the lamp tube and forms a receiving cavity containing the amalgam. The inner diameter of the insulating sleeve is 10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube. The space between the insulating sleeve and the lamp tube is filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas, with a nitrogen to argon volume ratio of 1.0.

[0084] In this embodiment, the mercury alloy is a Bi-In-Hg alloy with a Bi content of 73.1 wt%, an In content of 21.5 wt%, and a Hg content of 5.4 wt%. That is, a / b = 3.4 and b / c = 3.98.

[0085] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 35mm, and the current density is 0.83A / cm². 2 The distance d between the amalgam and the filament is 35 mm.

[0086] Example 3 This embodiment provides a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube, a clamping head, an amalgam, a filament, a heating device, electrode leads, and an insulating sleeve. The lamp tube is made of quartz and is a straight tube with a filament at each end. The total arc length of the lamp tube is 1440 mm. The lamp tube is filled with a mixture of neon and argon gas, with a neon to argon volume ratio of 5.5. The clamping head is located at one end of the lamp tube and forms a receiving cavity containing the amalgam. The inner diameter of the insulating sleeve is 10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube. The space between the insulating sleeve and the lamp tube is filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas, with a nitrogen to argon volume ratio of 1.0.

[0087] In this embodiment, the mercury alloy is a Bi-In-Hg alloy with a Bi content of 73.1 wt%, an In content of 21.5 wt%, and a Hg content of 5.4 wt%. That is, a / b = 3.4 and b / c = 3.98.

[0088] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 35mm, and the current density is 1.05A / cm². 2 The distance d between the amalgam and the filament is 55 mm.

[0089] Example 4 This embodiment provides a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube, a clamping head, an amalgam, a filament, a heating device, electrode leads, and an insulating sleeve. The lamp tube is made of quartz and is a straight tube with a filament at each end. The total arc length of the lamp tube is 1440 mm. The lamp tube is filled with a mixture of neon and argon gas, with a neon to argon volume ratio of 5.5. The clamping head is located at one end of the lamp tube and forms a receiving cavity containing the amalgam. The inner diameter of the insulating sleeve is 5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube. The space between the insulating sleeve and the lamp tube is filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas, with a nitrogen to argon volume ratio of 1.0.

[0090] In this embodiment, the mercury alloy is a Bi-In-Hg alloy with a Bi content of 66.5 wt%, an In content of 27.5 wt%, and a Hg content of 6 wt%. That is, a / b = 2.42 and b / c = 4.58.

[0091] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 32mm, and the current density is 0.95A / cm². 2 The distance d between the amalgam and the filament is 72 mm.

[0092] Example 5 This embodiment provides a low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube, a clamping head, an amalgam, a filament, a heating device, electrode leads, and an insulating sleeve. The lamp tube is made of quartz and is a straight tube with a filament at each end. The total arc length of the lamp tube is 1440 mm. The lamp tube is filled with a mixture of neon and argon gas, with a neon to argon volume ratio of 5.5. The clamping head is located at one end of the lamp tube and forms a receiving cavity containing the amalgam. The inner diameter of the insulating sleeve is 5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube. The space between the insulating sleeve and the lamp tube is filled with a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas, with a nitrogen to argon volume ratio of 1.0.

[0093] In this embodiment, the mercury alloy is a Bi-In-Hg alloy with a Bi content of 71.7 wt%, an In content of 23.1 wt%, and a Hg content of 5.2 wt%. That is, a / b = 3.10 and b / c = 4.44.

[0094] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the lamp tube is 27mm, and the current density is 1.05A / cm². 2 The distance d between the amalgam and the filament is 55 mm.

[0095] The ultraviolet lamps obtained in Examples 1-1, 1-4, 2-5, and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested according to the methods in "Low-Pressure High-Intensity Ultraviolet Lamps" (GB / T 44755-2024). The initial ultraviolet radiation efficiency refers to the initial highest ultraviolet radiation efficiency (industry convention), and the ultraviolet radiation maintenance rate refers to the rate at which the minimum ultraviolet radiation power is maintained within the operating water temperature range of 5-30℃ after 12000 hours from normal ignition. The minimum ultraviolet radiation power is the parameter that truly evaluates the ultraviolet output characteristics. Specific test results are shown in the table below:

[0096] It should be noted that the above data, measured in the laboratory, are affected by the accuracy of instruments such as thermometers and ultraviolet light intensity, as well as slight deviations in the performance of mercury alloys during each test, all of which will affect ΔT. 95 ΔT 95 ′、T 95 The slight errors are caused by parameters such as ultraviolet output efficiency and ultraviolet radiation power maintenance rate.

[0097] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the described embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0098] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low-pressure, high-intensity ultraviolet lamp, comprising a lamp tube, wherein at least one end of the lamp tube is provided with a receiving cavity for accommodating a mercury alloy, and a filament is disposed within the lamp tube; characterized in that, The lamp tube has an inner diameter ≥23mm and a current density ≥0.65A / cm². 2 ; The mercury alloy is an alloy containing Bi, In, and Hg, with the weight percentages of Bi, In, and Hg being a, b, and c, respectively; a, b, and c conform to the following relationship: 2.0 < a / b < 5.0, 3.6 < b / c < 5.5; The mercury alloy T 95 ≥25℃, where T 95 Calculate according to the following formula: In the formula, This refers to the effective operating temperature range of mercury alloys. The minimum and maximum temperatures of the mercury alloy are respectively the values ​​of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp when the 254nm ultraviolet output fluctuates continuously from 95% to 100% during the early stage of its lifespan. These represent the minimum and maximum temperatures of the amalgam when the 254nm UV output of the low-pressure UV lamp continuously fluctuates from 95% to 100% during the later stages of its lifespan.

2. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mercury alloy is a Bi, In, Hg alloy, and a, b, c meet the following relationship: 2.2≤a / b≤4.0, 3.8≤b / c≤5.

3.

3. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mercury alloy is a Bi, In, and Hg alloy, where a, b, and c satisfy the following relationship: 2.5 ≤ a / b ≤ 3.8, 4.0 ≤ b / c ≤ 5.

0.

4. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The initial lifespan refers to any moment within the first 1% of the lifespan of the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp. The later stage of the lifespan refers to the time after approximately 20 wt% of Hg has been lost from the amalgam.

5. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is ≥30mm.

6. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 23~28mm and a current density of 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 40~100mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm.

7. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 23~28mm and a current density of 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50-65 mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 60-75 mm; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm.

8. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 23~28mm and a current density of 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm; 2.0 < a / b < 4.0, 4.0 < b / c < 5.5; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 40~100mm; 2.2 < a / b < 4.5, 3.8 < b / c < 5.3; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 30~80mm; 2.3 < a / b < 4.8, 3.6 < b / c < 5.

2.

9. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 23~28mm and a current density of 0.65~1.1A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm; 2.1 < a / b < 3.9, 4.1 < b / c < 5.3; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 28~33mm and a current density of 0.75~1.15A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 60~75mm; 2.3 < a / b < 4.2, 3.9 < b / c < 5.1; or The lamp tube has an inner diameter of 33~36mm and a current density of 0.7~0.95A / cm². 2 The distance between the mercury alloy and the filament is 50~65mm; 2.4 < a / b < 4.6, 3.8 < b / c < 5.

0.

10. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a heating device that fits into the receiving cavity.

11. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lamp tube is covered with an insulation sleeve, the inner diameter of which is 3-16mm larger than the outer diameter of the lamp tube.

12. The low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lamp tube is filled with a mixture of neon and argon gas, with a volume ratio of neon to argon ≥ 2.

5.

13. An ultraviolet device, characterized in that, Including the low-pressure high-intensity ultraviolet lamp as described in any one of claims 1 to 12.

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