Filter and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of communication, and provides a filter and communication equipment. The filter comprises at least two resonators, a coupling window communicated with the interiors of the two adjacent resonators is arranged between the two adjacent resonators, and a medium piece is arranged in at least one coupling window. Based on the above structure, the coupling relationship between two adjacent resonators can be constructed as required through the coupling window and the dielectric member, and the required coupling strength and coupling polarity can be achieved, so that the coupling design between the two adjacent resonators can be simplified and optimized, and the simulation design of the filter can be facilitated. Moreover, compared with the prior art in which a fly rod is adopted to construct a coupling relationship, the dielectric member is a non-metal member, a suspension arm is not formed, and resonance with the frequency near a passband range is not additionally generated, so that the performance of the filter can be optimized and improved, and particularly, the filtering performance and the out-of-band rejection performance of the filter can be improved.

Description

Filters and communication equipment Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of communication technology, and in particular relates to a filter and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] In some cases, filters include at least two resonators, with a coupling window connecting the interiors of adjacent resonators. A boom is positioned within the coupling window, with its two ends extending into the adjacent resonators. The boom allows a set of resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions in the adjacent resonators to couple. However, while establishing coupling, the boom can also form a levitating arm, which can easily generate resonances near the passband, resulting in poor filtering performance and out-of-band rejection. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a filter designed to address the problem that using a flybar to establish coupling can easily generate resonances at frequencies near the passband, resulting in poor filtering performance and out-of-band rejection.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this application is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, a filter is provided, comprising at least two resonators, with a coupling window connecting the interior of each other between two adjacent resonators, and a dielectric element disposed in at least one of the coupling windows.

[0006] In some embodiments, the medium is a columnar structure.

[0007] In some embodiments, the medium is a cuboid structure.

[0008] In some embodiments, the medium is a cylindrical structure.

[0009] In some embodiments, the medium is a solid structure.

[0010] In some embodiments, the filter includes a coupling adjustment screw disposed on one side of the dielectric element along its height direction;

[0011] The medium component has an opening on the side facing the coupling adjustment screw, and the opening is corresponding to the coupling adjustment screw, allowing the coupling adjustment screw to pass through it.

[0012] In some embodiments, the medium element is formed independently.

[0013] In some embodiments, the dielectric constant of the dielectric element is 30 to 40.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least one pair of adjacent resonators are a first resonator and a second resonator, the first resonator having a TE mode resonance mode, the second resonator having a TE mode resonance mode, and the TE modes of the first resonator and the second resonator being capacitively coupled to the dielectric through the coupling window.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least one pair of adjacent resonators are a third resonator and a fourth resonator, wherein the third resonator has a TM mode resonant mode or a TEM mode resonant mode, and the fourth resonator has a TM mode resonant mode or a TEM mode resonant mode.

[0016] The TM or TEM mode of the third resonator is inductively coupled to the TM or TEM mode of the fourth resonator through the coupling window, and the coupling strength between them is adjusted by the dielectric material; or, the TM or TEM mode of the third resonator is capacitively coupled to the TM or TEM mode of the fourth resonator through the dielectric material.

[0017] Secondly, a communication device is provided, including the filter provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the filter provided in this application are as follows:

[0019] The filter provided in this application not only allows for precise, quick, and reliable adjustment of the coupling effect, coupling strength, and coupling polarity of at least one set of resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions between two adjacent resonators by adjusting the size of the coupling window between them and by adding dielectric components to the coupling window as needed to enhance capacitive coupling. This enables the coupling of each set of resonant modes between two adjacent resonators to be adjusted to the desired strength or to the desired coupling relationship (i.e., capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, or no coupling). Therefore, it is convenient to construct coupling relationships between two adjacent resonators as needed through the coupling window and dielectric components, achieving the desired coupling strength and polarity. Furthermore, the dielectric components can achieve superior coupling adjustment effects with a smaller size. This simplifies and optimizes the coupling design between two adjacent resonators, facilitates filter simulation design, optimizes filter performance, and expands the coupling bandwidth range.

[0020] Furthermore, compared to existing technologies that use flying rods to establish coupling relationships, the dielectric component is a non-metallic component, which does not form a floating arm and does not generate additional resonances with frequencies near the passband range. Therefore, the performance of the filter can be optimized and improved, especially the filtering performance and out-of-band rejection performance of the filter.

[0021] Furthermore, in existing technologies, the fly rod needs to be installed on the coupling window via an insulating bracket. The fly rod and the insulating bracket require assembly, as does the insulating bracket and the coupling window, making the assembly process cumbersome. In addition, due to these two assembly steps, it is difficult to maintain a stable installation position and state of the fly rod at the coupling window. In contrast, the dielectric component provided in this application can be directly installed on the coupling window, simplifying installation, reducing assembly steps, and improving filter assembly efficiency. Moreover, because the dielectric component is directly installed on the coupling window, its installation accuracy, positional accuracy, installation stability, and positional stability within the coupling window are improved, ensuring stable filter performance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a filter provided in some embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the filter provided in Figure 1, wherein two adjacent resonators are both TE-TM dual-mode resonators;

[0025] Figure 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a filter provided in some other embodiments of this application, wherein the first resonator is a TE single-mode resonator and the second resonator is a TE-TM dual-mode resonator;

[0026] Figure 4 shows the frequency simulation diagrams of each resonant mode provided in Figure 3. The red line represents the TE mode of the first resonator, the green line represents the TM mode of the second resonator, and the blue line represents the TE mode of the second resonator.

[0027] Figure 5 shows the coupling simulation diagrams of each resonant mode provided in Figure 3. The red line represents the coupling amount between the TE mode of the first resonator and the TM mode of the second resonator, the green line represents the coupling amount between the TE mode of the first resonator and the TE mode of the second resonator, and the blue line represents the coupling amount between the TE mode of the second resonator and the TM mode of the second resonator.

[0028] Figure 6 is a perspective view of a medium provided in some other embodiments of this application, wherein the medium is provided with an opening;

[0029] Figure 7 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a filter provided in some other embodiments of this application, wherein the first resonator is a TE single-mode resonator and the second resonator is a TE single-mode resonator;

[0030] Figure 8 shows the frequency simulation diagrams of each resonant mode provided in Figure 7, where the red line represents the TE mode of the first resonator and the green line represents the TE mode of the second resonator.

[0031] Figure 9 shows the coupling simulation diagrams of each resonant mode provided in Figure 7. The red line represents the coupling amount between the TE mode of the first resonator and the TE mode of the second resonator when no dielectric element is provided, and the green line represents the coupling amount between the TE mode of the first resonator and the TE mode of the second resonator when a dielectric element is provided.

[0032] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0033] 10 - Resonator, 10a - First resonator, 10b - Second resonator, 10c - Third resonator, 10d - Fourth resonator; 20 - Coupling window; 30 - Dielectric element, d1 - Height of dielectric element, d2 - Width of dielectric element, d3 - Thickness of dielectric element, 31 - Opening; 40 - Coupling adjustment screw, 50 - Filter housing. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clear, the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions. Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined to form new technical solutions.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] In this application, "axial" refers to the direction of extension of the central axis of the corresponding structure, "radial" refers to any direction of the corresponding structure that passes through and is perpendicular to the central axis, and "circumferential" refers to the direction of circumference of the outer circumference of the corresponding structure.

[0039] In some cases, the filter includes at least two resonators, with a coupling window connecting the interiors of adjacent resonators. A boom is positioned within the coupling window, with its two ends extending into the adjacent resonators. The boom allows a set of resonant modes (e.g., TE mode and TE mode) with similar electromagnetic field distributions to couple between adjacent resonators. However, while establishing coupling, the boom can also form a levitating arm, which can easily generate resonances near the passband, resulting in poor filter performance (especially filtering performance and out-of-band rejection performance).

[0040] The embodiments provided in this application will solve the above problems.

[0041] The specific implementation of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:

[0042] Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. Some embodiments of this application provide a filter including at least two resonators 10, with a coupling window 20 connecting the interior of two adjacent resonators 10, and a dielectric element 30 disposed in at least one coupling window 20.

[0043] It should be noted that the filter includes at least two resonators 10, and each resonator 10 is coupled as needed. The structure, type, size, etc. of each resonator 10 can be the same or different.

[0044] Resonator 10 can be a single-mode resonator. A single-mode resonator is a resonator 10 that supports only one resonant mode within its passband. The resonant mode can be a TE (Transverse Electric) mode, a TM (Transverse Magnetic) mode, a TEM (Transverse Electric and Magnetic Field) mode, etc. For example, a metal coaxial resonator is a single-mode resonator; a metal coaxial resonator only supports the TEM mode within its passband, i.e., a metal coaxial resonator is a TEM single-mode resonator.

[0045] Resonator 10 can also be a dual-mode resonator. A dual-mode resonator is a resonator 10 capable of simultaneously generating two stable oscillation signals at different frequencies. A dual-mode resonator can support two resonance modes within its passband. For example, a TE-TM dual-mode resonator can support both TE mode and TM mode resonance modes within its passband.

[0046] Resonator 10 can also be a multimode resonator. A multimode resonator is a resonator 10 capable of simultaneously generating two or more stable oscillation signals at different frequencies. A multimode resonator can support multiple resonance modes within its passband. A multimode resonator can be a three-mode resonator, a four-mode resonator, etc. For example, the HE-TE three-mode resonator supports three resonance modes—TE mode and HE degenerate mode—within its passband; the HE-TM three-mode resonator supports three resonance modes—TM mode and HE degenerate mode—within its passband; and the HE-TE-TM four-mode resonator supports four resonance modes—TE mode, TM mode, and HE degenerate mode—within its passband.

[0047] It should also be noted that a coupling window 20 is provided between two adjacent resonators 10 to connect their internal spaces. Two adjacent resonators 10 can establish a coupling relationship based on the coupling window 20. In particular, resonant modes of two adjacent resonators 10 with similar electromagnetic field distributions can be coupled to each other through the coupling window 20. For example, TE mode and TE mode can be coupled to each other through the coupling window 20, as can TM mode and TM mode, as can TM mode and TEM mode (because the electromagnetic field distribution of TEM mode is similar to that of TM mode), as can TEM mode and TEM mode, and so on.

[0048] Specifically, when the coupling window 20 has a certain size (i.e., a relatively large size), the coupling between resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions of two adjacent resonators 10 is better and more stable through the coupling window 20. Conversely, when the coupling window 20 is small, the coupling between resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions of two adjacent resonators 10 is weaker, and may even be essentially suppressed. Based on this, the size of the coupling window 20 can be designed as needed to ensure that the coupling strength between resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions of two adjacent resonators 10 reaches the required specifications.

[0049] It should also be noted that at least one coupling window 20 is provided with a dielectric element 30. The dielectric element 30 can be made of a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant, and the material of the dielectric element 30 can be, but is not limited to, ceramic. The dielectric element 30 can be a regular structure (e.g., columnar structure, block structure, frustum structure, cone structure, etc.) or an irregular structure.

[0050] Since the dielectric element 30 primarily alters the propagation medium of electromagnetic waves within the coupling window 20, it can influence the coupling effect and coupling strength between resonant modes of two adjacent resonators 10 with similar electromagnetic field distributions (not limited to a set). Specifically, the dielectric element 30 can affect the coupling effect and coupling strength between TE modes, and also between TM modes (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode).

[0051] The dielectric element 30 primarily enhances capacitive coupling, which is equivalent to weakening inductive coupling. If two adjacent resonators 10 have resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions capacitively coupled through the coupling window 20, the coupling strength of this capacitive coupling can be enhanced by placing the dielectric element 30 in the coupling window 20. For example, TE modes can capacitively couple with each other through the coupling window 20, and the capacitive coupling strength between TE modes can be enhanced through the dielectric element 30.

[0052] If two adjacent resonators 10 have resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions that are inductively coupled through the coupling window 20, then by placing a dielectric element 30 in the coupling window 20, the capacitive coupling can be enhanced through the dielectric element 30, which is equivalent to weakening the inductive coupling. Specifically, if the enhancement effect of the dielectric element 30 on the capacitive coupling is weaker than the strength of the inductive coupling formed by the two resonant modes through the coupling window 20, then the two resonant modes are still inductively coupled through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric element 30, with the dielectric element 30 mainly weakening the strength of the inductive coupling between the two resonant modes. If the enhancement effect of the dielectric element 30 on the capacitive coupling is equal to the strength of the inductive coupling formed by the two resonant modes through the coupling window 20, then the capacitive coupling enhanced by the dielectric element 30 is equivalent to canceling the inductive coupling formed by the two resonant modes through the coupling window 20, making the two resonant modes essentially uncoupled through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric element 30. If the enhancement effect of the dielectric 30 on capacitive coupling is stronger than the strength of the inductive coupling formed by the two resonant modes through the coupling window 20, then the inductive coupling formed by the two resonant modes through the coupling window 20 is completely canceled out, and the inductive coupling between the two resonant modes is reversed to capacitive coupling through the dielectric 30. For example, TM mode and TM mode (or TM mode and TEM mode; or TEM mode and TEM mode) were originally inductively coupled to each other through the coupling window 20. On this basis, the capacitive coupling can be enhanced through the dielectric 30. Depending on the enhancement effect of the dielectric 30 on capacitive coupling, TM mode and TM mode (or TM mode and TEM mode; or TEM mode and TEM mode) may still be inductively coupled but the inductive coupling strength is weakened, or they may be basically uncoupled, or they may be reversed from inductive coupling to capacitive coupling.

[0053] If there is both TE-mode coupling and TM-mode coupling (or TM-mode and TEM-mode; or TEM-mode and TEM-mode) between two adjacent resonators 10, then the dielectric 30 can both enhance the coupling strength of the capacitive coupling between TE-mode and TE-mode and weaken the coupling strength of the inductive coupling between TM-mode and TM-mode (or TM-mode and TEM-mode; or TEM-mode and TEM-mode). When the enhancement effect of the dielectric 30 on capacitive coupling is weaker than or equal to the strength of the inductive coupling formed between TM mode and TM mode (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode) through coupling window 20, the dielectric 30 can enhance the coupling between TE mode and TE mode and weaken the coupling between TM mode and TM mode (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode). In particular, if the size of coupling window 20 is small, the dielectric 30 can cooperate with coupling window 20 to suppress inductive coupling, so that the coupling between TM mode and TM mode (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode) is weaker or even basically non-coupled. When the enhancement effect of the dielectric 30 on capacitive coupling is stronger than the strength of the inductive coupling formed between TM mode and TM mode (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode) through coupling window 20, the dielectric 30 can enhance the coupling between TE mode and TE mode and reverse the inductive coupling between TM mode and TM mode (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode) to capacitive coupling.

[0054] It should be noted that resonant modes with dissimilar electromagnetic field distributions between two adjacent resonators 10 will not be coupled through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric 30. For example, the TE mode and the TM mode will not be coupled through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric 30, and the TE mode and the TEM mode will not be coupled through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric 30. Resonant modes with dissimilar electromagnetic field distributions need to be coupled through other coupling structures.

[0055] For example, as shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5, in a specific embodiment of the filter, the first resonator 10a is a TE single-mode resonator, and the second resonator 10b is a TE-TM dual-mode resonator. According to Figure 4, the center frequencies of the three resonant modes—the TE mode of the first resonator 10a, the TM mode of the second resonator 10b, and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b—are approximately around 2.6 GHz. According to Figure 5, when a dielectric element 30 is provided in the coupling window 20 between the first resonator 10a and the second resonator 10b, the TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b can be capacitively coupled to each other. The coupling amount between the TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b (around the 2.6 GHz resonant frequency) is approximately 48 GHz. The coupling amount between the TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TM mode of the second resonator 10b (around the 2.6 GHz resonant frequency) is approximately 0 GHz, which is equivalent to no coupling and requires other coupling structures for coupling. The coupling amount between the TE mode of the second resonator 10b and the TM mode of the second resonator 10b (around the 2.6 GHz resonant frequency) is approximately 0 GHz, which is equivalent to no coupling and requires other coupling structures for coupling. Therefore, the dielectric element 30 can affect the coupling effect, coupling strength, and coupling polarity between resonant modes of two adjacent resonators 10 with similar electromagnetic field distributions. For example, it can affect the coupling between TE modes, TM modes, TM modes and TEM modes, and TEM modes. The dielectric element 30 cannot affect the coupling between resonant modes of two adjacent resonators 10 with dissimilar electromagnetic field distributions. For example, it cannot affect the coupling between TE modes and TM modes, or between TE modes and TEM modes. The dielectric element 30 cannot affect the coupling between multiple resonant modes of a dual-mode resonator or multi-mode resonator itself. For example, it cannot affect the coupling between the TE and TM modes of a TE-TM dual-mode resonator itself.

[0056] It should also be noted that the enhancement effect of the dielectric component 30 on capacitive coupling can be adjusted based on parameters such as the size and dielectric constant of the dielectric component 30, thereby affecting the coupling effect, coupling strength, and coupling polarity between resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions of two adjacent resonators 10. That is, the size, dielectric constant, and other parameters of the dielectric component 30 can be set as needed.

[0057] In this design, the height d1 of the dielectric element 30 is its dimension along the height direction of the coupling window 20, which is perpendicular to the through direction of the coupling window 20. The width d2 of the dielectric element 30 is its dimension along the width direction of the coupling window 20, which is perpendicular to both the through direction and the height direction of the coupling window 20. The height d1 and width d2 of the dielectric element 30 primarily affect the coupling strength between TE modes, but have little effect on the coupling strength between TM modes (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode). Generally, the higher the height d1 and the wider the width d2 of the dielectric element 30, the stronger the coupling strength between TE modes.

[0058] Wherein, the thickness d3 of the dielectric element 30 is the dimension of the dielectric element 30 in the direction through which the coupling window 20 passes, and is also the dimension on the line connecting the centers of two adjacent resonators 10. The thickness d3 of the dielectric element 30 mainly affects the coupling strength between TM modes (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode), while having little effect on the coupling strength between TE modes. As the thickness d3 of the dielectric element 30 increases, it is equivalent to gradually strengthening the capacitive coupling between TM modes (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode). Depending on the enhancement effect of the dielectric element 30 on capacitive coupling, the TM modes (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode) may still be inductively coupled but the inductive coupling strength is weakened, they may be basically uncoupled, or they may reverse from inductive coupling to capacitive coupling.

[0059] In summary, the filter provided in this application embodiment can not only adjust the size of the coupling window 20 between two adjacent resonators 10, but also conveniently, quickly, reliably, and precisely adjust the coupling effect and coupling strength of at least one set of resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions between two adjacent resonators 10 by adjusting the size of the coupling window 20 between them, and by setting a dielectric element 30 in the coupling window 20 as needed to enhance capacitive coupling. This allows the coupling of each set of resonant modes between two adjacent resonators 10 to be adjusted to the required strength, or to the required coupling relationship (i.e., capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, or no coupling). Therefore, it is convenient to construct a coupling relationship between two adjacent resonators 10 as needed through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric element 30, achieving the required coupling strength, coupling relationship, and coupling polarity. This simplifies and optimizes the coupling design between two adjacent resonators 10, facilitates filter simulation design, optimizes filter performance, and expands the coupling bandwidth range.

[0060] Furthermore, compared to existing technologies that use a boom to establish coupling, the dielectric component 30 is a non-metallic component, which does not form a floating arm and does not generate additional resonances with frequencies near the passband. Therefore, the performance of the filter can be optimized and improved, especially the filtering performance and out-of-band rejection performance of the filter.

[0061] Furthermore, in existing technologies, the fly rod needs to be installed on the coupling window via an insulating bracket. The fly rod and the insulating bracket require assembly, as does the insulating bracket and the coupling window, making the assembly process cumbersome. In addition, due to these two assembly steps, it is difficult to maintain a stable installation position and state of the fly rod at the coupling window. However, the dielectric component 30 provided in this embodiment can be directly installed onto the coupling window 20, simplifying installation, reducing assembly steps, and improving the filter's assembly efficiency. Moreover, since the dielectric component 30 is directly installed onto the coupling window 20, its installation accuracy, positional accuracy, installation stability, and positional stability within the coupling window 20 are improved, ensuring stable filter performance.

[0062] Furthermore, compared to existing technologies that use flying rods to construct coupling relationships, the dielectric element 30 is not limited to affecting only one set of resonant modes' coupling effect and coupling strength. The dielectric element 30 can affect the coupling effect and coupling strength between TE modes, as well as between TM modes (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode). Therefore, the dielectric element 30 has better applicability and a wider range of applications. The dielectric element 30 is particularly suitable for situations where "there is both TE mode coupling and TM mode coupling (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode) between two adjacent resonators 10." In this case, the dielectric element 30 can simultaneously affect the coupling effect and coupling strength between TE modes and between TM modes, and can simultaneously control the "TE mode coupling" and "TM mode coupling" between two adjacent resonators 10.

[0063] Furthermore, compared to existing technologies that use flying rods to establish coupling relationships, the dielectric element 30 can achieve superior coupling adjustment effects with a smaller size. Therefore, while improving filter performance, the space required by the dielectric element 30 can be reduced, which is beneficial to the miniaturization and weight reduction of the filter.

[0064] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments of this application, the dielectric element 30 is a columnar structure. For example, the dielectric element 30 may be a polygonal prism structure or a cylindrical structure.

[0065] By adopting the above scheme and making the dielectric component 30 a columnar structure, on the one hand, the structure and shape of the dielectric component 30 can be made more regular and modular. Based on this, it is convenient to process the columnar dielectric component 30 by methods such as machining, injection molding, dry pressing, and sintering, which can improve the processing convenience, processing accuracy, and processing efficiency of the dielectric component 30. It can also make the formed dielectric component 30 have better structural stability and strength, and facilitate the connection, fixation, and assembly of the dielectric component 30. On the other hand, it is convenient to accurately control the dimensions (e.g., height, width, and thickness) of the columnar dielectric component 30. Based on this, it is convenient to accurately adjust the coupling effect and coupling strength between TE modes, and to accurately adjust the coupling effect, coupling strength, and coupling polarity between TM modes (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode). This facilitates the coupling design between two adjacent resonators 10, facilitates the simulation design of the filter, and optimizes the performance of the filter.

[0066] Of course, in other embodiments, the medium 30 can be a regular structure of other forms (e.g., a conical structure, a frustum structure, etc.) or an irregular structure.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 2. In some embodiments of this application, the medium 30 is a cuboid structure (including a cube structure).

[0068] Compared to other columnar structures, making the dielectric element 30 a cuboid structure allows for more standardized and defined dimensions and shape. This facilitates precise determination and control of the height d1, width d2, and thickness d3 of the dielectric element 30 using the length, width, and height of the cuboid. This allows for precise adjustment of the coupling effect and strength between TE modes, and between TM modes (or TM and TEM modes; or TEM and TEM modes). Consequently, it facilitates precise coupling design between adjacent resonators 10, enables filter simulation design, and optimizes filter performance.

[0069] Referring to Figure 6, in some embodiments of this application, the dielectric element 30 has a cylindrical structure. Since a cylindrical shape is more regular, it is easier to process, shape, and assemble the dielectric element 30.

[0070] Of course, in other embodiments, the medium 30 may be other columnar structures, such as triangular prism structures, etc.

[0071] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments of this application, the medium 30 is a solid structure. That is, the interior of the medium 30 has no voids or gaps (e.g., holes, grooves).

[0072] Compared to a hollow structure of the same volume, making the dielectric component 30 a solid structure allows for a greater amount of dielectric material to serve as the propagation medium for electromagnetic waves. This eliminates internal voids or gaps (since voids or gaps use air as the propagation medium for electromagnetic waves). Consequently, the dielectric component 30 can more effectively influence the coupling effect and coupling strength between resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions of two adjacent resonators 10. This optimizes the utility of the dielectric component 30, facilitating coupling design and energy propagation between adjacent resonators 10, simplifying filter simulation design, and optimizing filter performance. Furthermore, the processing and manufacturing of a solid dielectric component 30 is relatively simple, eliminating the need for drilling, grooving, and demolding. Therefore, it improves the ease of processing, accuracy, and efficiency of the dielectric component 30, resulting in a more stable and stronger structure.

[0073] Of course, in other embodiments, the medium element 30 can be a hollow structure, that is, the medium element 30 can be provided with holes, gaps, hole structures, groove structures, etc.

[0074] Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. In some embodiments of this application, the filter includes a coupling adjustment screw 40 disposed on one side of the dielectric 30 along its own height direction.

[0075] It should be noted that the filter can be equipped with a coupling adjustment screw 40 on one side of the dielectric element 30 along the height direction of the dielectric element 30 as needed. That is, the coupling adjustment screw 40 is also provided in the coupling window 20 and is set corresponding to the dielectric element 30 along the height direction of the dielectric element 30.

[0076] The coupling adjustment screw 40 can be directly threaded into the threaded hole of the corresponding wall of the filter housing 50; alternatively, a mounting part (not shown in the figure) can be embedded in the corresponding wall of the filter housing 50, and the coupling adjustment screw 40 can be threaded into the threaded hole of the mounting part. Based on this, the coupling adjustment screw 40 can be screwed in or out relative to the corresponding wall of the filter housing 50 to adjust the length of the portion of the coupling adjustment screw 40 extending into the filter housing 50, thereby adjusting the coupling strength between two adjacent resonators 10.

[0077] By adopting the above scheme, when two adjacent resonators 10 with similar electromagnetic field distributions are coupled through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric 30, by setting a coupling adjustment screw 40 on one side of the dielectric 30 along its own height direction, the length of the part of the coupling adjustment screw 40 extending into the filter can be easily and quickly adjusted by screwing it in or out. This allows for fine adjustment of the coupling strength between the two adjacent resonators 10 with similar electromagnetic field distributions, making the adjustment convenient, fast, and accurate.

[0078] Of course, in other embodiments, the coupling adjustment screw 40 can be replaced with a coupling adjustment structure of other structural types. Alternatively, if it is not necessary to adjust the coupling strength between resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions of two adjacent resonators 10, the coupling adjustment screw 40 and other coupling adjustment structures can be omitted.

[0079] Please refer to Figures 1, 2, and 6. In some embodiments of this application, when a coupling adjustment screw 40 is provided on one side of the medium element 30 along its own height direction, an opening 31 is provided on the side of the medium element 30 facing the coupling adjustment screw 40. The opening 31 is correspondingly provided with the coupling adjustment screw 40, and the opening 31 allows the coupling adjustment screw 40 to pass through it.

[0080] It should be noted that when the dielectric element 30 has a coupling adjustment screw 40 on one side along its height direction, an opening 31 can be provided on the side of the dielectric element 30 facing the coupling adjustment screw 40. The opening 31 can be a blind hole or a through hole. The opening 31 can be a circular hole, a rectangular hole, etc. The opening 31 corresponds to the coupling adjustment screw 40 along the axial direction of the coupling adjustment screw 40, the extension direction of the opening 31 corresponds to the extension direction of the coupling adjustment screw 40, and the cross-sectional dimension of the opening 31 is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional dimension of the coupling adjustment screw 40. When the length of the part of the coupling adjustment screw 40 extending into the filter is relatively long, the coupling adjustment screw 40 is allowed to extend into the opening 31.

[0081] By adopting the above scheme, even when the length of the part of the coupling adjustment screw 40 extending into the filter is relatively long, the coupling adjustment screw 40 can be allowed to extend into the opening 31 of the dielectric component 30. Based on this, the adjustment range of the coupling adjustment screw 40 can be expanded accordingly, and the adjustable range of the coupling strength between the resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions of two adjacent resonators 10 can be expanded accordingly, thereby improving the performance index of the filter.

[0082] Of course, in other embodiments, if the medium element 30 is provided with a coupling adjustment screw 40 on one side along its own height direction, the opening 31 may not be provided on the side of the medium element 30 facing the coupling adjustment screw 40. For example, the medium element 30 may be a solid structure.

[0083] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments of this application, the dielectric element 30 is formed independently. That is, the dielectric element 30 is first formed independently and then assembled into the coupling window 20.

[0084] By adopting the above scheme and making the dielectric component 30 independently molded, on the one hand, it is convenient to independently mold the dielectric component 30 through methods such as machining, injection molding, dry pressing, and sintering. It is also convenient to select different materials for independently molding the dielectric component 30, which can improve the processing convenience, processing accuracy, processing efficiency, material selectivity, and design flexibility of the dielectric component 30. It also facilitates the connection, fixation, and assembly of the dielectric component 30. On the other hand, it is convenient to accurately control the size of the dielectric component 30 during the independent molding of the dielectric component 30, so that the dielectric component 30 can accurately affect the coupling effect, coupling strength, and coupling polarity between two adjacent resonators 10, thereby optimizing the performance of the filter.

[0085] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments of this application, the dielectric constant of the dielectric element 30 is 30 to 40. Optionally, the material of the dielectric element 30 may be, but is not limited to, ceramic.

[0086] By adopting the above scheme, and by making the dielectric constant of the dielectric element 30 30 to 40, the dielectric element 30 can have a high dielectric constant. Based on this, the capacitance effect of the dielectric element 30 can be significantly enhanced, enabling the dielectric element 30 to provide a strong capacitive coupling enhancement effect between adjacent resonators 10. The dielectric element 30 can more significantly affect the coupling effect and coupling strength between resonant modes with similar electromagnetic field distributions of two adjacent resonators 10, thus optimizing the utility of the dielectric element 30. This facilitates the coupling design and energy propagation between two adjacent resonators 10, facilitates the simulation design of the filter, and optimizes the performance of the filter.

[0087] Of course, in other embodiments, the dielectric element 30 may be made of a dielectric material, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric element 30 is not limited to the range of 30 to 40.

[0088] Please refer to Figures 2, 3, and 7. In some embodiments of this application, at least one pair of adjacent resonators 10 are a first resonator 10a and a second resonator 10b. The first resonator 10a has a TE mode resonance mode, and the second resonator 10b has a TE mode resonance mode. The TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b are capacitively coupled through a coupling window 20 and a dielectric 30.

[0089] It should be noted that at least one set of two adjacent resonators 10 uses a combination of a first resonator 10a and a second resonator 10b. The first resonator 10a has a TE mode, meaning that the first resonator 10a can support at least the TE mode within its passband. For example, the first resonator 10a can be a TE single-mode resonator, a TE-TM dual-mode resonator, a HE-TE tri-mode resonator, a HE-TE-TM quad-mode resonator, etc. The second resonator 10b has a TE mode, meaning that the second resonator 10b can support at least the TE mode within its passband. For example, the second resonator 10b can be a TE single-mode resonator, a TE-TM dual-mode resonator, a HE-TE tri-mode resonator, a HE-TE-TM quad-mode resonator, etc.

[0090] When the coupling window 20 has a certain size (i.e., the size of the coupling window 20 is relatively large), the TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b can be capacitively coupled to each other through the coupling window 20, and the dielectric element 30 in the coupling window 20 can enhance the capacitive coupling strength between the TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b.

[0091] When the coupling window 20 is small, the TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b are mainly capacitively coupled based on the dielectric 30. The main function of the coupling window 20 is to accommodate the dielectric 30.

[0092] The capacitive coupling strength between the TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b can be adjusted mainly by adjusting the height d1, width d2, and dielectric constant of the dielectric component 30.

[0093] By adopting the above scheme, adjacent first resonators 10a and second resonators 10b can be capacitively coupled through coupling window 20 and dielectric element 30 disposed in coupling window 20, with good coupling effect. Based on this, two adjacent resonators 10 with TE mode resonance modes can be adapted to use coupling window 20 and dielectric element 30 to construct the required capacitive coupling relationship and achieve the required coupling strength, thereby improving the design flexibility of the filter, facilitating the simulation design of the filter, and optimizing the performance of the filter.

[0094] For example, as shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9, in one specific embodiment of the filter, the first resonator 10a is a TE single-mode resonator, and the second resonator 10b is a TE single-mode resonator. According to Figure 8, the resonant frequency of the first resonator 10a is approximately 2.4 GHz, and the resonant frequency of the second resonator 10b is approximately 2.4 GHz. According to Figure 9, when the TE mode of the first resonator 10a and the TE mode of the second resonator 10b are capacitively coupled only through the coupling window 20 (i.e., without the dielectric 30), the coupling amount between the TE modes of the first resonator 10a and the second resonator 10b (around the 2.4 GHz resonant frequency) is approximately 37 GHz. However, when the TE modes of the first resonator 10a and the second resonator 10b are capacitively coupled through both the coupling window 20 and the dielectric 30 (i.e., with the dielectric 30), the coupling amount between the TE modes of the first resonator 10a and the second resonator 10b (around the 2.4 GHz resonant frequency) is approximately 46 GHz. The coupling effect is significantly better than that without the dielectric 30.

[0095] Referring to Figure 2, in some embodiments of this application, at least one pair of adjacent resonators 10 are a third resonator 10c and a fourth resonator 10d. The third resonator 10c has a TM mode or a TEM mode, and the fourth resonator 10d has a TM mode or a TEM mode. The TM mode or TEM mode of the third resonator 10c is inductively coupled to the TM mode or TEM mode of the fourth resonator 10d through a coupling window 20, and the coupling strength between them is adjusted by a dielectric 30; or, the TM mode or TEM mode of the third resonator 10c is capacitively coupled to the TM mode or TEM mode of the fourth resonator 10d through a dielectric 30.

[0096] It should be noted that at least one set of two adjacent resonators 10 uses a combination of a third resonator 10c and a fourth resonator 10d. The third resonator 10c has a TM mode or a TEM mode, meaning that the third resonator 10c can support at least TM or TEM modes within its passband. The third resonator 10c can be a TM single-mode resonator, a TEM single-mode resonator, a TM dual-mode resonator, a TE-TM dual-mode resonator, a HE-TM tri-mode resonator, a HE-TE-TM quad-mode resonator, etc. Similarly, the fourth resonator 10d has a TM mode or a TEM mode, meaning that the fourth resonator 10d can support at least TM or TEM modes within its passband. The fourth resonator 10d can be a TM single-mode resonator, a TEM single-mode resonator, a TM dual-mode resonator, a TE-TM dual-mode resonator, a HE-TM tri-mode resonator, a HE-TE-TM quad-mode resonator, etc.

[0097] The TM or TEM mode of the third resonator 10c and the TM or TEM mode of the fourth resonator 10d can be inductively coupled to each other through the coupling window 20. On this basis, the dielectric element 30 in the coupling window 20 can enhance the capacitive coupling between the third resonator 10c and the fourth resonator 10d, which is equivalent to weakening the inductive coupling strength between the TM or TEM mode of the third resonator 10c and the TM or TEM mode of the fourth resonator 10d.

[0098] Based on this, when the enhancement effect of the dielectric 30 on capacitive coupling is weaker than the strength of the inductive coupling formed by the TM mode and the TM mode (or, the TM mode and the TEM mode; or, the TEM mode and the TEM mode) through the coupling window 20, the TM mode or TEM mode of the third resonator 10c and the TM mode or TEM mode of the fourth resonator 10d achieve inductive coupling through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric 30. The effect of the dielectric 30 is to weaken the inductive coupling strength (i.e., to adjust the inductive coupling strength).

[0099] When the enhancement effect of the dielectric 30 on capacitive coupling is stronger than the strength of the inductive coupling formed by the TM mode and the TM mode (or, the TM mode and the TEM mode; or, the TEM mode and the TEM mode) through the coupling window 20, the TM mode or TEM mode of the third resonator 10c and the TM mode or TEM mode of the fourth resonator 10d achieve capacitive coupling through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric 30. The function of the dielectric 30 is to cancel the "inductive coupling formed through the coupling window 20" and reverse the coupling relationship from inductive coupling to capacitive coupling.

[0100] When the enhancement effect of dielectric 30 on capacitive coupling is equal to the strength of inductive coupling formed by TM mode and TM mode (or, TM mode and TEM mode; or, TEM mode and TEM mode) through coupling window 20, the coupling between the TM mode or TEM mode of the third resonator 10c and the TM mode or TEM mode of the fourth resonator 10d through coupling window 20 and dielectric 30 is weak, essentially non-coupled. The effect of dielectric 30 is to effectively cancel out the "inductive coupling formed through coupling window 20".

[0101] The coupling relationship, coupling strength, and coupling polarity between the TM mode or TEM mode of the third resonator 10c and the TM mode or TEM mode of the fourth resonator 10d can be adjusted mainly by adjusting the thickness d3 and the dielectric constant of the dielectric element 30.

[0102] By adopting the above scheme, the adjacent third resonator 10c and fourth resonator 10d can be inductively or capacitively coupled to each other through the coupling window 20 and the dielectric element 30 disposed in the coupling window 20, with better coupling effect. Based on this, two adjacent resonators 10 with TM mode or TEM mode respectively can be adapted to use the coupling window 20 and the dielectric element 30 to construct the required coupling relationship (which can be inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, or no coupling) as needed, and achieve the required coupling strength, thereby improving the design flexibility of the filter, facilitating the simulation design of the filter, and optimizing the performance of the filter.

[0103] Please refer to Figure 1. Some embodiments of this application provide a communication device, including the filter provided in the embodiments of this application. The communication device can be a simplexer, duplexer, multiplexer, combiner, antenna, base station, or other communication equipment. By adopting the above solution, the performance of the communication device can be optimized by using the filter provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0104] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A filter, characterized in that, It includes at least two resonators, with a coupling window connecting the interior of each other between two adjacent resonators, and a dielectric element is provided in at least one of the coupling windows.

2. The filter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The medium component has a columnar structure.

3. The filter as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The medium has a cuboid structure.

4. The filter as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The medium component has a cylindrical structure.

5. The filter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The medium is a solid structure.

6. The filter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filter includes a coupling adjustment screw disposed on one side of the dielectric element along its own height direction; the dielectric element has an opening on the side facing the coupling adjustment screw, the opening being corresponding to the coupling adjustment screw, and the opening allowing the coupling adjustment screw to pass through.

7. The filter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The medium component is formed independently.

8. The filter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric constant of the dielectric element is 30 to 40.

9. The filter as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, At least one pair of adjacent resonators are a first resonator and a second resonator, the first resonator having a TE mode resonance mode, the second resonator having a TE mode resonance mode, and the TE modes of the first resonator and the second resonator being capacitively coupled to the dielectric through the coupling window.

10. The filter as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, At least one pair of adjacent resonators are a third resonator and a fourth resonator, wherein the third resonator has a TM mode resonant mode or a TEM mode resonant mode, and the fourth resonator has a TM mode resonant mode or a TEM mode resonant mode; the TM mode or TEM mode of the third resonator and the TM mode or TEM mode of the fourth resonator are inductively coupled through the coupling window, and the coupling strength between them is adjusted by the dielectric; or, the TM mode or TEM mode of the third resonator and the TM mode or TEM mode of the fourth resonator are capacitively coupled through the dielectric.

11. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes the filter as described in any one of claims 1-10.

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