Charging equipment and charging control method and control device thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses charging equipment and a charging control method and device thereof, and relates to the technical field of charging. The method comprises the following steps: when the voltage is lower than a preset charging forbidding threshold value, sampling for multiple times; judging the voltage state of the battery; if the battery is in the pseudo low-voltage state, charging the battery with a preset trickle charging current; and if in the real low-voltage state, executing charging forbidding operation. According to the invention, the voltage of the battery is obtained, and when the voltage is lower than the preset charging forbidding threshold value, multiple times of sampling are carried out to form the voltage sequence, so that whether the battery is in a transient'pseudo low voltage 'state or a real electric quantity exhaustion state is judged. The situation that the mobile power supply cannot be used due to direct charging forbidding caused by misjudgment is avoided, the battery is fully utilized on the premise of ensuring safety, and waste is reduced.

Description

Charging equipment and its charging control method and control device Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of charging, and in particular to a charging device and its charging control method and control apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] To prevent battery damage from over-discharge, most power banks employ a low-voltage charge-disruption protection mechanism. This mechanism typically sets a fixed voltage threshold. When the battery management system detects that the battery voltage is below this threshold, it determines that the battery is in a dangerous state. To prevent further damage or danger, it immediately cuts off the charging circuit, prohibiting any charging operation on the battery, thus rendering the power bank unusable.

[0003] Self-discharge during long-term battery storage may cause the voltage to temporarily drop below the charging threshold, but the battery cell itself is not completely damaged and still has the ability to be safely charged and reused. Existing solutions cannot distinguish this state, which can easily lead to misjudgment and unnecessary waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to provide a charging device and its charging control method and control apparatus, which aims to solve the technical problem that existing mobile power supplies cannot effectively distinguish whether the battery is in a recoverable pseudo-low voltage state or a damaged true low voltage state when the battery voltage is too low.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a charging control method for a mobile power bank, the mobile power bank including a battery, comprising: acquiring the voltage of the battery; when the voltage of the battery is lower than a preset charging prohibition threshold, sampling the voltage of the battery multiple times at preset time intervals to obtain a voltage sampling sequence; determining the voltage state of the battery based on the voltage sampling sequence; if it is determined that the battery is in a pseudo-low voltage state, charging the battery with a preset trickle charging current until the voltage of the battery rises to a safe charging voltage range; if it is determined that the battery is in a true low voltage state, performing a charging prohibition operation on the battery.

[0006] In one embodiment, the step of sampling the battery voltage multiple times at preset time intervals to obtain a voltage sampling sequence when the battery voltage is lower than a preset charging prohibition threshold includes: identifying the battery type; and setting a corresponding preset charging prohibition threshold based on the identified battery type.

[0007] In one embodiment, the specific steps of identifying the battery type of the battery and setting a preset charging prohibition threshold that matches the battery type include: if the battery type of the battery is a first battery type, then the preset charging prohibition threshold is set to 1V~1.7V; if the battery type of the battery is a second battery type, then the preset charging prohibition threshold is set to 1.3V~2V.

[0008] In one embodiment, the specific steps of determining the voltage state of the battery based on the voltage sampling sequence include: calculating the fluctuation characteristic value of the voltage sampling sequence based on the voltage sampling sequence; if the fluctuation characteristic value is less than a first threshold, then determining that the battery is in a true low-voltage state; if the fluctuation characteristic value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, then determining that the battery is in a pseudo-low-voltage state.

[0009] In one embodiment, the specific steps of determining the voltage state of the battery based on the voltage sampling sequence further include: acquiring the current of the battery during the sampling period; if the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state based on the fluctuation characteristic value, and if the current is detected to be greater than or equal to a first current threshold, then the voltage sampling sequence is reacquired and the voltage state of the battery is determined based on the reacquired voltage sampling sequence; if the current is detected to be less than the first current threshold, then the determination of the voltage state of the battery is maintained.

[0010] In one embodiment, the fluctuation characteristic value is calculated based on at least one of the standard deviation, range, or distribution of voltage differences between adjacent sampling points of the voltage sampling sequence.

[0011] In one embodiment, the specific steps of charging the battery with a preset trickle charging current until the battery voltage rises to a safe charging voltage range if the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state include: charging the battery with the preset trickle charging current; continuously acquiring the battery voltage during the charging process, and stopping the trickle charging when the battery voltage is detected to reach the lower limit of the safe charging voltage range; switching the battery charging mode to a normal charging mode and charging the battery with a current greater than the trickle charging current.

[0012] In one embodiment, the step of charging the battery with a preset trickle charging current until the battery voltage rises to a safe charging voltage range if the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state further includes: acquiring the initial voltage of the battery before charging; periodically acquiring the current voltage and current temperature of the battery during charging; calculating the difference between the current voltage and the initial charging voltage to obtain the voltage increment; and if the voltage increment is detected not to exceed the voltage response threshold within a first preset time period, or if the current temperature of the battery is detected to exceed the safe temperature threshold, then stopping charging and performing the charging prohibition operation.

[0013] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a control device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program being configured to implement the steps of the charging control method for a mobile power supply as described above.

[0014] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a charging device, including the control device as described above, and a battery for storing electrical energy; a battery management circuit connected to the battery and the control device for acquiring voltage and temperature signals of the battery and outputting them to the control device; and a charging management circuit connected to the battery, the battery management circuit being connected to the control device, for performing trickle charging or charging restriction operations on the battery according to the control instructions of the control device.

[0015] One or more technical solutions proposed in this application have at least the following technical effects: This application obtains the battery voltage and performs multiple samplings to form a voltage sequence when the voltage is lower than a preset charging prohibition threshold, in order to determine whether the battery is in a temporary "pseudo-low voltage" state or a true state of depletion. For pseudo-low voltage states, trickle charging is used to restore the voltage to a safe range, avoiding the impact on the internal structure of the battery caused by direct high-current charging due to excessively low voltage, which helps to slow down battery aging and thus extend the overall lifespan of the power bank. For batteries confirmed to be truly low voltage, a charging prohibition operation is performed and a fault indication is output to prevent safety risks that may be caused by regular or fast charging of over-discharged batteries. This application avoids the situation where the power bank cannot be used due to direct charging prohibition caused by misjudgment, ensuring that the battery is fully utilized under safe conditions and reducing waste. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating a charging control method for a mobile power bank according to Embodiment 1 of this application; Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a charging control method for a mobile power bank according to Embodiment 2 of this application; Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating step S300 of a charging control method for a mobile power bank according to Embodiment 3 of this application; Figure 4 is a flowchart illustrating step S400 of a charging control method for a mobile power bank according to Embodiment 4 of this application; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a mobile power bank according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] The reference numerals are as follows: Battery 01, Battery Management Circuit 02, Charging Management Circuit 03, Control Device 04.

[0020] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0022] To better understand the technical solution of this application, a detailed description will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0023] To prevent battery damage from over-discharge, existing power banks generally employ a low-voltage charging restriction mechanism. This mechanism sets a fixed voltage threshold, typically monitored in real-time by the battery management system. When the system detects that the battery voltage is below this preset threshold, it determines that the battery is in an over-discharged state. Continuing to charge it is deemed potentially dangerous, as it could lead to internal structural damage, electrolyte decomposition, or even thermal runaway. Therefore, the system immediately cuts off the charging circuit, prohibiting any form of charging current input to prevent further deterioration of the battery.

[0024] However, this protection logic based on a fixed threshold has certain limitations. In real-world usage scenarios, battery voltage drops are not always caused by actual over-discharge. For example, during long-term idle storage of a power bank, the battery voltage will naturally and slowly decrease due to its self-discharge characteristics. If the storage time is long or the ambient temperature is unsuitable, the battery voltage may temporarily drop below the charging threshold. However, at this time, the chemical state and physical structure of the cell have not undergone irreversible damage, and its internal active materials still have the ability to safely accept charging and recover capacity under controlled conditions. Existing protection mechanisms cannot distinguish between recoverable temporary voltage drops and genuine irreversible over-discharge damage. They invariably disable charging whenever the voltage falls below a threshold, causing many usable batteries to be prematurely deemed unusable, impacting user experience and leading to unnecessary waste of electronic resources and environmental pressure. This application proposes a charging control method for a portable power bank, including a battery, as shown in Figure 1, comprising steps S100 to S500: S100: Obtain the battery voltage; S200: When the battery voltage is below a preset charging disabling threshold, sample the battery voltage multiple times at preset time intervals to obtain a voltage sampling sequence; S300: Based on the voltage sampling sequence, determine the battery voltage state; S400: If the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state, charge the battery with a preset trickle charging current until the battery voltage rises to a safe charging voltage range; S500: If the battery is determined to be in a genuine low voltage state, disable charging and output a fault indication.

[0025] This application addresses the aforementioned issues by categorizing battery voltage levels below a threshold into pseudo-low voltage and true low voltage states. A pseudo-low voltage state refers to a condition where the battery's terminal voltage drops to an extremely low level due to a reversible self-discharge process, but the internal chemical system and physical structure of the battery have not suffered permanent damage. In this state, the battery voltage exhibits instability and recoverability. A true low voltage state refers to a condition where the battery's terminal voltage is forcibly clamped at an extremely low level due to irreversible physical or chemical damage, such as severe internal micro-short circuits, separator perforation, or complete failure of active materials. In this state, the battery voltage exhibits abnormal stability and is unrecoverable.

[0026] In step S100, the voltage value at both ends of the battery is measured in real time or periodically by the voltage detection circuit inside the power supply or the ADC module of the battery management chip.

[0027] In step S200, the charging prohibition threshold is set to a safe voltage value lower than the battery's nominal operating voltage. The system continuously samples the battery voltage multiple times at preset fixed time intervals to obtain a voltage sampling sequence containing multiple voltage values ​​arranged in chronological order. This step aims to avoid misjudgments caused by single voltage measurement errors due to sudden load changes, instantaneous changes in contact resistance, or measurement noise. By collecting voltage data sequences over a period of time, a reliable dataset is provided for subsequent state analysis. The preset fixed time interval is set according to the battery's voltage recovery characteristics and anti-interference requirements, such as a 1-minute time interval.

[0028] In step S300, the voltage change or trend between adjacent sampling points in the voltage sampling sequence is calculated; or, the average voltage and fluctuation range of the sequence are calculated; or, it is detected whether the voltage value in the sequence is continuously lower than a second determination threshold lower than the charging prohibition threshold. If the analysis results show that the voltage shows an upward trend during the sampling period, or the average value is higher than the second determination threshold and the fluctuation is small, it is determined to be a pseudo-low voltage state; if the analysis results show that the voltage is continuously lower than the second determination threshold and there is no upward trend, it is determined to be a true low voltage state. This step achieves the differentiation and identification of the true state of the battery.

[0029] In step S400, the trickle charging current is a small current value, such as 0.05C, which is much smaller than the standard constant current charging current. The battery voltage is continuously monitored during the charging process. When the battery voltage rises to the lower limit of the preset safe charging voltage range, the trickle charging mode is exited, and the process can switch to the standard constant current / constant voltage charging procedure. This step allows batteries whose voltage has dropped due to momentary disturbances to be safely restored to the normal charging range, avoiding unnecessary charging restrictions and improving battery availability.

[0030] In step S500, if it is determined that the battery is in a true low-voltage state, the charging circuit is completely disconnected from the battery, and a charging-disable operation is performed. Simultaneously, a specific fault indication signal is output through the power bank's indicator light, display screen, or communication interface to inform the user that the battery is abnormal and cannot be charged. This step prevents the safety risks associated with charging a deeply over-discharged and potentially damaged battery, and provides clear maintenance guidance through the fault indication.

[0031] This application obtains the battery voltage and samples it multiple times when the voltage is below a preset charging-restriction threshold to form a voltage sequence, thereby determining whether the battery is in a temporary "pseudo-low voltage" state or a true state of depletion. For pseudo-low voltage states, trickle charging is used to restore the voltage to a safe range, avoiding the impact on the battery's internal structure caused by direct high-current charging due to excessively low voltage. This helps slow battery aging and thus extends the overall lifespan of the power bank. For batteries confirmed to be truly low-voltage, a charging-restriction operation is performed and a fault indication is output to prevent safety risks that may arise from regular or fast charging of over-discharged batteries. This application avoids situations where charging is directly restricted due to misjudgment, rendering the power bank unusable, ensuring that the battery is fully utilized under safe conditions and reducing waste.

[0032] In one embodiment, step S200, when the battery voltage is lower than a preset charging prohibition threshold, involves sampling the battery voltage multiple times at preset time intervals to obtain a voltage sampling sequence. As shown in Figure 2, this step includes steps SA10 to SA20: SA10: Identify the battery type; SA20: Set the corresponding preset charging prohibition threshold based on the identified battery type.

[0033] In this embodiment, the steps preceding step S200 include steps SA10 to SA20: In step SA10, the system sends a query command to the battery pack, and the battery pack management chip returns an identification code containing information about the battery chemical system. Alternatively, the system detects the resistance value of the identification resistor connected in series with the battery and determines the battery type based on a predefined correspondence between the resistance value and the battery type. Identifiable battery types include at least lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries.

[0034] In step SA20, the system internally stores a mapping table between battery type and charging threshold. If the battery type is a first battery type, the preset charging threshold is set to 1V~1.7V; if the battery type is a second battery type, the preset charging threshold is set to 1.3V~2V. Specifically, in the three major mainstream fields of consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage, lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium together occupy more than 95% of the market share. Other chemical systems such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium titanate either have a small market share or special application scenarios. Therefore, this embodiment classifies the battery cells into first battery type and second battery type according to their chemical system. Among them, the second battery type is a ternary lithium battery, whose chemical structure is more sensitive to over-discharge. When the voltage is below 2.5V, the copper current collector may begin to dissolve, and copper ions will migrate to the negative electrode, forming dendrites during charging, piercing the separator and causing a short circuit, resulting in irreversible and fatal damage to the battery and bringing extremely high safety risks. Therefore, its charge-free threshold is set relatively high (1.3V~2V) to prevent charging before the voltage drops to the point of copper dissolution. The first battery type is a ternary lithium battery, whose material system is relatively more resistant to over-discharge, and the risk window for copper dissolution is lower than that of ternary lithium batteries. However, this does not mean that it can be over-discharged at will. Over-discharge can also cause damage such as decomposition of the negative electrode SEI film and deactivation of active materials. Therefore, the charge-free threshold can be set between 1V and 1.7V. When step SA10 identifies the battery type as a lithium iron phosphate battery, the system retrieves the value corresponding to the lithium iron phosphate battery from the mapping table and sets the preset charge-free threshold to 1.7V. When step SA10 identifies the battery type as a ternary lithium battery, the system retrieves the value corresponding to the ternary lithium battery from the mapping table and sets the preset charge-free threshold to 2V.

[0035] Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries and ternary lithium batteries have different electrochemical and voltage characteristics. LFP batteries have a nominal voltage of approximately 3.2V and a lower permissible safe discharge cutoff voltage; ternary lithium batteries have a nominal voltage of approximately 3.7V and a relatively higher permissible safe discharge cutoff voltage. Using a uniform, fixed charge-stop threshold could lead to underprotection of LFP batteries or overprotection of ternary lithium batteries. By first identifying the battery type and then setting a matching charge-stop threshold, the subsequent voltage comparison benchmark is aligned with the battery's actual safety boundary. This ensures that the triggering conditions of the voltage sampling sequence are accurate for different batteries, providing a correct voltage reference for subsequently determining whether the battery is in a recoverable deep discharge state, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the entire protection and recovery process.

[0036] In one embodiment, step S300, which determines the voltage state of the battery based on the voltage sampling sequence, is shown in Figure 3 and includes the following steps: S310: Calculate the fluctuation characteristic value of the voltage sampling sequence based on the voltage sampling sequence; S320: If the fluctuation characteristic value is less than a first threshold, determine that the battery is in a true low-voltage state; S330: If the fluctuation characteristic value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, determine that the battery is in a pseudo-low-voltage state.

[0037] In this embodiment, the specific steps include steps S310 to S330: In step S310, based on the voltage sampling sequence, the fluctuation characteristic value of the voltage sampling sequence is calculated. This fluctuation characteristic value is used to quantify the dispersion between multiple voltage sampling points in the sequence. The calculation method is to take the standard deviation of the voltage values ​​in the sequence, or to calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum voltage values ​​in the sequence. This step converts continuous voltage measurements over a period of time into a numerical index characterizing voltage stability.

[0038] In step S320, if the calculated fluctuation characteristic value is less than a preset first threshold, the battery is determined to be in a true low-voltage state. This condition indicates that, within a continuous sampling period, the battery voltage remains below the charging-restriction threshold with minimal changes in value, and the voltage curve is stable. This situation corresponds to the battery energy being essentially depleted, in a stable deep discharge state, and its voltage will not rebound due to temporary load removal or measurement interference. The preset first threshold is determined by the battery's chemical system.

[0039] In step S330, if the calculated fluctuation characteristic value is greater than or equal to a preset first threshold, the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state. This condition indicates that during the sampling period, the voltage value fluctuates significantly around or near the charging prohibition threshold. This situation is usually caused by a sudden voltage drop due to a momentary large current load connection, or by voltage fluctuations caused by poor contact; the battery's actual energy has not been depleted.

[0040] By analyzing the fluctuation characteristics of the voltage sampling sequence rather than a single instantaneous value, this method can distinguish between a persistent state caused by battery depletion and a transient phenomenon caused by external disturbances. This avoids the system misjudging the battery as unusable due to transient events such as sudden load changes, thus incorrectly prohibiting charging or triggering unnecessary protection. Simultaneously, this method ensures accurate identification of truly deeply discharged batteries, enabling them to enter the correct protection or recovery process.

[0041] In one embodiment, step S300, which determines the voltage state of the battery based on the voltage sampling sequence, further includes: acquiring the current of the battery during the sampling period; if the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state based on the fluctuation characteristic value, and if the current is detected to be greater than or equal to a first current threshold, then the voltage sampling sequence is reacquired and the voltage state of the battery is determined based on the reacquired voltage sampling sequence; if the current is detected to be less than the first current threshold, then the determination of the voltage state of the battery is maintained.

[0042] In this embodiment, step S300 further includes reading the real-time current measurement value from the current sampling circuit or coulomb counter module connected in series in the battery circuit. The system records the value or change of the battery output current during the same time period when multiple voltage samples are taken in step S200.

[0043] When the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state based on fluctuation characteristic values, the system checks whether the current during the sampling period is greater than or equal to a preset first current threshold. If the current during the sampling period is detected to be greater than or equal to the first current threshold, it is determined that the drastic voltage fluctuation is mainly caused by a high-current load. The system performs a delay operation, and after the load is removed or the current returns to a low-current state, step S200 is re-executed to perform a new round of multiple samplings of the battery voltage at preset time intervals, obtaining a new voltage sampling sequence. Subsequently, based on the newly acquired voltage sampling sequence, steps S310 to S330 are re-executed to determine the true voltage state of the battery under no large load interference.

[0044] If the current detected during the sampling period is less than the first current threshold, it is determined that the voltage fluctuation is not caused by a sudden large load, but may be due to poor contact or other interference. The system maintains the false low voltage state judgment made in step S330 and executes the corresponding processing flow accordingly, such as prompting to check the connection or ignoring the low voltage event.

[0045] This method, based on initial judgment using voltage fluctuation characteristics, introduces current parameters for auxiliary verification. When the voltage sequence exhibits large fluctuations, voltage data alone cannot distinguish whether the source of the fluctuation is a load change or a problem with the battery itself. By synchronously analyzing the current data during the sampling period, it is possible to effectively distinguish between instantaneous voltage drops caused by the connection of an external high-current load and the battery entering a true low-voltage state. This avoids the system frequently triggering the state reassessment process due to normal load start-up and shutdown, or incorrectly classifying load-induced voltage transients as battery faults. The resampling and reassessment process is only initiated after confirming that the fluctuation is caused by a large load, ensuring the accuracy of the state judgment conclusion, reducing system erroneous operations, and improving the robustness and efficiency of the judgment logic.

[0046] In one embodiment, the fluctuation characteristic value is calculated based on at least one of the standard deviation, range, or distribution of voltage differences between adjacent sampling points in the voltage sampling sequence.

[0047] This can be understood as follows: the fluctuation characteristic value is calculated based on at least one of the following: the standard deviation, the range, or the distribution of voltage differences between adjacent sampling points in the voltage sampling sequence. Using the standard deviation as the fluctuation characteristic value allows for a comprehensive assessment of the overall volatility of all data points throughout the sampling period, and provides statistical smoothing for individual outlier sampling points. Using the range as the fluctuation characteristic value is simple and direct in calculation, and can quickly capture the maximum voltage change amplitude during the sampling period. Analyzing the distribution of voltage differences between adjacent points allows for a focus on assessing the continuity and stability of voltage changes, and identifying whether frequent step jumps in voltage exist. These methods provide a variety of optional mathematical tools for quantifying the fluctuation characteristics of voltage sequences. The system can select a single method or a combination of methods for calculation based on different needs such as computational complexity, real-time requirements, and sensitivity to fluctuation patterns. This enhances the flexibility and adaptability of the state judgment algorithm, enabling effective characterization of voltage fluctuation patterns caused by different reasons using appropriate characteristic values.

[0048] In one embodiment, if step S400 determines that the battery is in a pseudo-low voltage state, then the battery is charged with a preset trickle charging current until the battery voltage rises to the safe charging voltage range. The specific steps are shown in Figure 4, including: S410: charging the battery with a preset trickle charging current; S420: continuously acquiring the battery voltage during the charging process, and stopping trickle charging when the battery voltage is detected to reach the lower limit of the safe charging voltage range; S430: switching the battery charging mode to normal charging mode and charging the battery with a current greater than the trickle charging current.

[0049] In this embodiment, step S400 specifically includes steps S410 to S430: Step S410 charges the battery with a preset trickle charging current. The value of this trickle charging current is much smaller than the normal charging current, typically set between 0.05C and 0.1C, where C is the rated capacity of the battery. The charging control circuit outputs a constant small current according to this set value.

[0050] In step S420, during trickle charging, the real-time voltage across the battery terminals is continuously acquired at fixed intervals. The system compares the acquired real-time voltage with a pre-stored lower limit of the safe charging voltage range. When the battery voltage is detected to have reached or exceeded this lower limit, the charging control circuit cuts off the output of the trickle charging current, stopping the trickle charging phase. The lower limit of the safe charging voltage range is determined according to the battery type; for example, for ternary lithium batteries, this lower limit can be set to 3.0 volts.

[0051] After stopping trickle charging in step S430, the system switches the battery charging mode to normal charging mode. The charging control circuit, based on preset normal charging parameters, outputs a constant current greater than the trickle charging current or employs a constant current followed by a constant voltage charging strategy to charge the battery. The normal charging current is typically set between 0.5C and 1C.

[0052] Applying normal charging current directly to a battery in a pseudo-low voltage state poses a safety risk, potentially causing abnormal overheating or damage due to unstable internal chemical states. Trickle charging with a small current initially allows the battery voltage to rise gradually, while simultaneously stabilizing the internal electrochemical reactions. Continuous voltage monitoring and a switching threshold are used to ensure that the charging process only transitions to the fast charging phase after the battery voltage has recovered to the manufacturer-approved safe charging initiation voltage. This phased charging method restores battery usability while avoiding potential battery damage or safety incidents caused by improper charging operations, achieving a balance between safety and efficiency.

[0053] In one embodiment, if step S400 determines that the battery is in a pseudo-low voltage state, then the battery is charged with a preset trickle charging current until the battery voltage rises to a safe charging voltage range. The step further includes: acquiring the initial voltage of the battery before charging; periodically acquiring the current voltage and current temperature of the battery during charging; calculating the difference between the current voltage and the initial charging voltage to obtain the voltage increment; if the voltage increment is detected to not exceed the voltage response threshold within a first preset time period, or if the current temperature of the battery is detected to exceed the safe temperature threshold, then charging is stopped and a charging prohibition operation is performed.

[0054] In this embodiment, step S400 further includes: acquiring the initial voltage of the battery before trickle charging begins, where the voltage value is the value obtained by the system's last sampling of the battery voltage before step S410 is executed. During trickle charging, the current battery voltage Vt and current temperature Tt are acquired synchronously at fixed time intervals. The voltage is acquired through a voltage sampling circuit, and the temperature is acquired through a temperature sensor attached to the battery surface. The difference between the current voltage Vt and the initial charging voltage V0 is calculated to obtain the voltage increment ΔV = Vt - V0.

[0055] Subsequently, charging safety monitoring is performed. This monitoring includes two parallel judgment conditions: First, the system records the time required for the voltage increment ΔV to first exceed a preset voltage response threshold; if, after a first preset time elapsed since the start of charging, ΔV still has not exceeded the voltage response threshold, the first stop condition is triggered. Second, during the charging process, the current temperature Tt is continuously compared with a preset safe temperature threshold; if Tt reaches or exceeds the safe temperature threshold, the second stop condition is immediately triggered.

[0056] When any of the above-mentioned stopping conditions are triggered, the charging control circuit immediately cuts off the output of the trickle charging current, stopping charging. Subsequently, the system performs a charge-disable operation, marking the battery as unchargeable and possibly recording the corresponding fault code.

[0057] Batteries in a pseudo-low voltage state may have internal abnormalities, such as severe aging, internal micro-short circuits, or electrolyte drying. A normal, recoverable battery should show a steady voltage increase under low-current charging. If the voltage remains unresponsive to charging for an extended period, it indicates that the battery may have lost its normal electrochemical activity and cannot effectively accept charge. Simultaneously, abnormal temperature rise directly indicates that charging energy is being converted into heat, posing a risk of thermal runaway. By monitoring voltage response and temperature changes during charging, this method can promptly identify potentially faulty or unrecoverable batteries. It prevents ineffective and dangerous continuous charging of faulty batteries, avoiding potential safety risks such as overheating, swelling, or fire, and improving the safety of the entire charging and recovery process.

[0058] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a control device 04, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. The computer program is configured to implement the steps of the charging control method for a mobile power bank as described above. This can be implemented using a main controller, such as a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), MCU (Microcontroller Unit), or SOC (System-on-Chip).

[0059] It is worth noting that since the control device 04 of the present invention is applied to the charging control method of the mobile power supply described above, the embodiments of the control device 04 of the present invention include all the technical solutions of all embodiments of the charging control method of the mobile power supply described above, and the technical effects achieved are exactly the same, so they will not be repeated here.

[0060] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a charging device, as shown in FIG5, including the control device 04 as described above, and a battery 01 for storing electrical energy; a battery management circuit 02 connected to the battery 01 and the control device 04 for collecting voltage and temperature signals of the battery 01 and outputting them to the control device 04; and a charging management circuit 03 connected to the battery 01, the battery management circuit 02 and the control device 04 for performing trickle charging or charging restriction operations on the battery 01 according to the control instructions of the control device 04.

[0061] It can be understood that this application also proposes a charging device, including a control device 04 as in any of the above embodiments, as well as a battery 01, a battery management circuit 02, and a charging management circuit 03.

[0062] Battery 01 is used to store electrical energy. Battery 01 is a rechargeable battery, and its chemical system includes, but is not limited to, lithium iron phosphate battery 01 or ternary lithium battery 01. Battery management circuit 02 is connected to battery 01 and control device 04. Battery management circuit 02 includes a voltage sampling module, a temperature sampling module, and a communication interface. The voltage sampling module is used to collect the voltage signal across battery 01. The temperature sampling module is used to collect the temperature signal on the surface of battery 01. The communication interface is used to transmit the collected voltage and temperature signals to control device 04. In some embodiments, battery management circuit 02 also integrates a coulomb counter function to monitor the charging and discharging current of battery 01 and calculate the cumulative capacity.

[0063] The control device 04 calculates the voltage fluctuation characteristic value of battery 01 based on the voltage signal collected by the battery management circuit 02, and compares the fluctuation characteristic value with a preset first threshold. If the fluctuation characteristic value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, it determines that battery 01 is in a pseudo-low voltage state and sends a control command to the charging management circuit 03 to charge battery 01 with a preset trickle charging current. The charging management circuit 03 is connected to battery 01, battery management circuit 02, and control device 04. The charging management circuit 03 includes a charging control module and a power switch module, used to receive control commands from the control device 04. The power switch module adjusts or cuts off the charging current flowing to battery 01 according to the control command. When the control command is to perform trickle charging, the charging management circuit 03 outputs a preset small constant current. When the control command is to perform a charge-disable operation, the charging management circuit 03 cuts off all charging current flowing to battery 01.

[0064] This charging device, through its integrated control unit 04, possesses the capabilities to identify battery type 01, adaptively set charging disabling thresholds, detect pseudo-low voltage states, and safely resume charging. The battery management circuit 02 provides the control unit 04 with data on battery 01 voltage, temperature, and historical capacity. The charging management circuit 03 precisely executes different charging commands issued by the control unit 04. The coordinated operation of these components enables the charging device to apply appropriate protection strategies to batteries 01 with different chemical systems. Furthermore, it can safely attempt to resume charging when battery 01 exhibits a pseudo-low voltage state due to external factors such as load shocks, extending the lifespan of the charging device. Simultaneously, the charging device can monitor the voltage and temperature response of battery 01 in real time during the charging recovery process. Upon detecting an anomaly, it immediately stops charging and locks the battery, effectively preventing the risk of continuous charging of the faulty battery 01 and improving the overall safety and reliability of the product.

[0065] The above description is only a part of the embodiments of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of this application and using the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A charging control method for a portable power bank, the portable power bank comprising a battery, characterized in that, include: Obtain the voltage of the battery; When the battery voltage is lower than a preset charging prohibition threshold, the battery voltage is sampled multiple times at preset time intervals to obtain a voltage sampling sequence; based on the voltage sampling sequence, the voltage state of the battery is determined. If the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state, the battery is charged with a preset trickle charging current until the battery voltage rises to a safe charging voltage range; if the battery is determined to be in a true low voltage state, a charging prohibition operation is performed on the battery.

2. The charging control method for a mobile power bank as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preceding steps of sampling the battery voltage multiple times at preset time intervals to obtain a voltage sampling sequence when the battery voltage is lower than a preset charging prohibition threshold include: identifying the battery type; and setting a corresponding preset charging prohibition threshold based on the identified battery type.

3. The charging control method for a mobile power bank as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps of identifying the battery type of the battery and setting a preset charging prohibition threshold that matches the battery type include: if the battery type of the battery is a first battery type, then the preset charging prohibition threshold is set to 1V~1.7V; if the battery type of the battery is a second battery type, then the preset charging prohibition threshold is set to 1.3V~2V.

4. The charging control method for a mobile power bank as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the voltage state of the battery based on the voltage sampling sequence include: calculating the fluctuation characteristic value of the voltage sampling sequence based on the voltage sampling sequence; if the fluctuation characteristic value is less than a first threshold, then the battery is determined to be in a true low voltage state; if the fluctuation characteristic value is greater than or equal to the first threshold, then the battery is determined to be in a pseudo low voltage state.

5. The charging control method for a mobile power bank as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The specific steps for determining the voltage state of the battery based on the voltage sampling sequence further include: acquiring the current of the battery during the sampling period; if the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state based on the fluctuation characteristic value, and if the current is detected to be greater than or equal to a first current threshold, then the voltage sampling sequence is reacquired and the voltage state of the battery is determined based on the reacquired voltage sampling sequence; if the current is detected to be less than the first current threshold, then the determination of the voltage state of the battery is maintained.

6. The charging control method for a mobile power bank as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The fluctuation characteristic value is calculated based on at least one of the standard deviation, range, or distribution of voltage differences between adjacent sampling points in the voltage sampling sequence.

7. The charging control method for a mobile power bank as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for charging the battery with a preset trickle charging current until the battery voltage rises to a safe charging voltage range if the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state include: charging the battery with the preset trickle charging current; continuously acquiring the battery voltage during the charging process, and stopping the trickle charging when the battery voltage is detected to reach the lower limit of the safe charging voltage range; switching the battery charging mode to normal charging mode and charging the battery with a current greater than the trickle charging current.

8. The charging control method for a mobile power bank as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The step of charging the battery with a preset trickle charging current until the battery voltage rises to a safe charging voltage range if the battery is determined to be in a pseudo-low voltage state further includes: acquiring the initial voltage of the battery before charging; periodically acquiring the current voltage and current temperature of the battery during charging; calculating the difference between the current voltage and the initial charging voltage to obtain the voltage increment; and if the voltage increment is detected not to exceed the voltage response threshold within a first preset time period, or if the current temperature of the battery is detected to exceed the safe temperature threshold, then stopping charging and performing the charging prohibition operation.

9. A control device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the computer program being configured to implement the steps of the charging control method for a mobile power supply as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A charging device, characterized in that, Includes the control device as described in claim 9, and a battery for storing electrical energy; a battery management circuit connected to the battery and the control device for acquiring the voltage and temperature of the battery and outputting them to the control device; A charging management circuit, connected to the battery, and the battery management circuit, connected to the control device, is used to perform trickle charging or charging restriction operations on the battery according to the control instructions of the control device.

Images