Optoelectronic device, and electronic apparatus and electronic apparatus including the same

Abstract

The invention discloses an optoelectronic device and an electronic apparatus and electronic equipment including the optoelectronic device. An optoelectronic device may include a first electrode, a second electrode opposite the first electrode (e.g., facing the first electrode), a photosensitive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a fluorine-based compound represented by Formula F: wherein in Formula F, Y1, Z1, L1, L2, n1, n2, Ar1, and Ar2 each are as described in one or more embodiments.

Description

Optoelectronic devices, as well as electronic devices and electronic equipment including optoelectronic devices.

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0149923, filed on October 29, 2024, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] One or more embodiments of this disclosure relate to optoelectronic devices and electronic devices and electronic equipment that include optoelectronic devices. Background Technology

[0004] An optoelectronic device is a device that converts light energy and / or light signals into electrical energy and / or electrical signals. Examples of optoelectronic devices include photovoltaic cells or solar cells that convert light energy into electrical energy and / or optical detectors or optical sensors that detect and convert light energy into electrical signals.

[0005] Electronic devices comprising optoelectronic devices and light-emitting devices have been developed. Light emitted from the light-emitting device can be reflected from an object in contact with the electronic device (e.g., a user's finger) and then incident on the optoelectronic device. Since the optoelectronic device detects the incident light energy and converts it into an electrical signal, the contact between the object and the electronic device can be identified.

[0006] The voltage applied to the optoelectronic device (e.g., reverse voltage) can be smaller than the voltage applied to the light-emitting device. Due to reasons such as manufacturing costs, one or more suitable components used in the light-emitting device (e.g., hole transport regions and / or electron transport regions) can also be used as a common layer in the optoelectronic device. It is desirable to develop optoelectronic devices in which the amount of charge reaching the electrodes through a thick common layer is increased, even at low voltages. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One or more aspects of embodiments of this disclosure relate to optoelectronic devices having improved or enhanced exciton separation efficiency and improved or enhanced external quantum efficiency, as well as electronic devices and electronic equipment having improved or enhanced optical recognition or detection functions by including optoelectronic devices.

[0008] Further aspects of the implementation will be set forth in part in the description which follows and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practice of the implementations presented in this disclosure.

[0009] According to one or more embodiments, the optoelectronic device includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposite to the first electrode (e.g., facing the first electrode), a photosensitive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a fluorine compound represented by formula F:

[0010] Formula F

[0011]

[0012] In equation F,

[0013] Y1 can be any group represented by the free formula FY, hydrogen, deuterium, -F, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and unsubstituted or substituted groups with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0014] Z1 can be a group represented by the free formula FZ, hydrogen, deuterium, -F, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and unsubstituted or substituted groups with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0015] Formula FY

[0016]

[0017] Formula FZ

[0018]

[0019] Among them, in formulas F, FY, and FZ,

[0020] Ar1 through Ar6 can each be independently selected from C6-C substituted with at least two -F groups. 60 aryl and C2-C substituted with at least two -F groups 60 heteroaryl,

[0021] L1, L2, L 31 To L 35 L4 and L4 can each be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10aReplacement C1-C 20 Alkylene

[0022] n1, n2, n31 to n35 and n4 can each be 0 or 1 independently.

[0023] T1 can be O or S.

[0024] a1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 10.

[0025] R 10a Can be

[0026] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro,

[0027] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof,

[0028] Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted by: 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof, or

[0029] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0030] Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently

[0031] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 alkoxy, or

[0032] Each of the unsubstituted or replaced groups (deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C) 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C7-C 60Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, and

[0033] * Indicates the bonding site with adjacent atoms.

[0034] In one or more embodiments, the photosensitive layer may include a fluorine compound.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, the optoelectronic device may further include a first compound that is different from fluorine compounds and absorbs light having wavelengths in the range of 400 nm to 1,000 nm.

[0036] In one or more embodiments, the photosensitive layer may include a fluorine layer and a first layer between the first electrode and the fluorine layer. The fluorine layer may include a fluorine compound. The first layer may include a first compound.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the fluorine layer may be less than the thickness of the first layer. The thickness of the fluorine layer may be about 10 nm or less.

[0038] In one or more embodiments, the optoelectronic device may further include a second compound that is different from fluorine compounds and is not a fullerene compound.

[0039] In one or more embodiments, the photosensitive layer may include a second layer and a fluorine layer between the first electrode and the second layer. The fluorine layer may include a fluorine compound. The second layer may include a second compound.

[0040] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the fluorine layer may be less than the thickness of the second layer.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, the fluorinated compound may not include any one selected from -Cl, -Br, -I and cyano.

[0042] In one or more embodiments, in formulas F, FY, and FZ, Ar1 to Ar6 may each be independently selected from C6-C substituted with at least five -F groups. 60 aryl and C2-C substituted with at least five -F groups 60 Heteroalkyl groups.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, in formulas F, FY, and FZ, Ar1 to Ar6 may each be independently phenyl, naphthyl, anthraceneyl, phenanthryl, tetraphenyl, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, pyrene, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, or quinoxalinyl.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, n1, n2, n31 to n35 and n4 may each be 1 in formulas F, FY and FZ.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, T1 in formula FY may be 0.

[0046] In one or more embodiments, in formula FY, a1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 3.

[0047] In one or more embodiments, the fluorine compound may be selected from compound F1 to compound F4 as described in one or more embodiments.

[0048] According to one or more embodiments, an electronic device may include an optoelectronic device as described in one or more embodiments.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may further include a light-emitting device comprising an emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and not overlapping with the photosensitive layer.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, the optoelectronic device may further include a first hole transport region between the first electrode and the photosensitive layer, and a first electron transport region between the photosensitive layer and the second electrode. The light-emitting device may further include a second hole transport region between the first electrode and the emitting layer, and a second electron transport region between the emitting layer and the second electrode.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, the first hole transport region and the second hole transport region may each be a common layer. The first electron transport region and the second electron transport region may each be another common layer.

[0052] According to one or more embodiments, the electronic device may include an electronic device selected from flat panel displays, curved displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, indoor lights, outdoor lights, signal lights, head-up displays, fully transparent displays, partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, retractable displays, laser printers, telephones, mobile phones, tablet computers, phablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, microdisplays, 3D displays, virtual reality displays, augmented reality displays, vehicles, video walls comprising multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screens, stadium screens, phototherapy devices, signs, automotive sensors, home sensors, and solar cells. Attached Figure Description

[0053] The above and other aspects and features of specific embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0054] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0055] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0056] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0057] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting device included in an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0058] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0059] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0060] Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of an electronic device including an optoelectronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0061] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle comprising an electronic device including an optoelectronic device according to one or more embodiments.

[0062] Figures 9A to 9C are each schematic diagrams of the interior of a vehicle according to one or more embodiments; and

[0063] Figures 10A to 10C are graphs showing the results based on Evaluation Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0064] Reference will be made in more detail to one or more embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements throughout the accompanying drawings and written description, and which are not repeatedly described in the specification. In this regard, the subject matter of this disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the one or more embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided by way of reference to the drawings as examples to explain aspects and features of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0065] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form as used herein is intended to include the plural form as well.

[0066] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated enumerated items.

[0067] Throughout this disclosure, the expression "at least one of a, b, and c" or "selected from at least one of a, b, and c" indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0068] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as approximate terms and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for inherent biases in measurements or calculations that will be recognized by those skilled in the art.

[0069] When describing embodiments of this disclosure, the word "may" is used to mean "one or more embodiments of this disclosure".

[0070] The terms “use,” “using,” and “used” as used in this document can be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively.

[0071] It will be further understood that the terms “has,” “having,” “include,” and / or “including” as used herein indicate the presence of a feature or component of the description, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or components. For example, the terms “comprise(s)” / “comprising,” “include(s)” / “including” or “have” / “has” indicate the presence of a feature, integer, step, operation, element, and / or component of the description, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Additionally, the terms “comprise(s)”, “include(s)”, “have(s)”, “has(s)”, or similar terms include or support the terms “composed of” and “substantially composed of”, indicating the presence of a feature, integer, step, operation, element, and / or component of the statement, without or substantially without the presence of other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0072] Any numerical range set forth herein is intended to include all subranges containing the same numerical precision within the set forth range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between the stated minimum value of 1.0 and the stated maximum value of 5.0 (and inclusive), such as all subranges having a minimum value of 1.0 or greater and a maximum value of 10.0 or less, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit set forth herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained herein, and any minimum numerical limit set forth in this disclosure is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained herein. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly set forth any subranges contained within the range expressly set forth herein.

[0073] As used herein, the term “about” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent biases of measured or calculated values ​​that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terms “about” or “approximation” as used herein also include stated values ​​and refer to a range of acceptable deviations from a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of that particular quantity (e.g., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean a range of one or more standard deviations of a stated value, or a range of ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0074] It will be understood that if (for example, when) a layer, zone, or component is referred to as being "on" or "to" another layer, zone, or component, it may be directly or indirectly on that other layer, zone, or component. For example, an intermediary layer, zone, or component may exist in between. In contrast, if (for example, when) a layer, zone, or component is referred to as being "directly on" another layer, zone, or component, an intermediary layer, zone, or component may not exist in between.

[0075] The dimensions of the elements in the accompanying drawings may be enlarged to effectively or appropriately illustrate the technical content of this disclosure. For example, because the dimensions (e.g., thickness) of the components in the drawings may be interpreted arbitrarily for ease of explanation, the following embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0076] The x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes of a Cartesian coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis can be perpendicular to each other (e.g., substantially perpendicular) or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other.

[0077] It will be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” and / or “third,” etc., may be used herein to describe one or more elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or portions should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or portion from another element, component, area, layer, or portion. Therefore, without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, a first element, first component, first area, first layer, or first portion as described herein may be referred to as a second element, second component, second area, second layer, or second portion.

[0078] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have substantially the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Any term defined in a general dictionary shall be interpreted as having substantially the same meaning as in the context of the relevant field, and shall not be interpreted as having an idealistic or overly formalistic meaning unless otherwise expressly specified.

[0079] As used herein, the expression “the optoelectronic device, the photosensitive layer and / or the fluorine layer includes a fluorine compound represented by formula F” can be understood as “the optoelectronic device, the photosensitive layer and / or the fluorine layer includes one type or class of fluorine compound represented by formula F” or “the optoelectronic device, the photosensitive layer and / or the fluorine layer includes two or more different types or classes of fluorine compounds represented by formula F”.

[0080] One or more embodiments of this disclosure provide a photoelectric device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to (e.g., facing the first electrode); a photosensitive layer between the first and second electrodes; and a fluorine compound represented by formula F.

[0081] Formula F

[0082]

[0083] In equation F,

[0084] Y1 can be any group represented by the free formula FY, hydrogen, deuterium, -F, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and unsubstituted or substituted groups with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0085] Z1 can be a group represented by the free formula FZ, hydrogen, deuterium, -F, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and unsubstituted or substituted groups with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0086] Formula FY

[0087]

[0088] Formula FZ

[0089]

[0090] Among them, in formulas F, FY, and FZ,

[0091] Ar1 through Ar6 can each be independently selected from C6-C substituted with at least two -F groups. 60 aryl and C2-C substituted with at least two -F groups 60 heteroaryl,

[0092] L1, L2, L 31 To L 35 L4 and L4 can each be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene

[0093] n1, n2, n31 to n35 and n4 can each be 0 or 1 independently.

[0094] T1 can be O or S.

[0095] a1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 10.

[0096] R 10a Possible forms:

[0097] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0098] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0099] Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted by: 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0100] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0101] Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently:

[0102] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 alkoxy; or

[0103] Each of the unsubstituted or replaced groups (deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C) 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, and

[0104] * Indicates the bonding site with adjacent atoms.

[0105] The optoelectronic device may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the photosensitive layer and an electron transport region between the photosensitive layer and the second electrode.

[0106] In one or more embodiments, the photosensitive layer may absorb light having wavelengths in the range of 400 nm to 1,000 nm. For example, the photosensitive layer may absorb at least one selected from blue light, green light, red light, and near-infrared light.

[0107] In one or more embodiments, the photosensitive layer may include a fluorine compound represented by formula F.

[0108] In one or more embodiments, the optoelectronic device may further include a first compound that is different from fluorine compounds and absorbs light having wavelengths in the range of 400 nm to 1,000 nm. The first compound may be referred to as a donor.

[0109] In one or more embodiments, the optoelectronic device may further include a second compound that is different from fluorine compounds and is not a fullerene compound. The second compound may be referred to as a acceptor.

[0110] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic device 30 according to one or more embodiments.

[0111] Referring to FIG1, the optoelectronic device 30 may include a first electrode 110, a hole transport region 120 on the first electrode 110, a photosensitive layer 135 on the hole transport region 120, an electron transport region 140 on the photosensitive layer 135, and a second electrode 150 on the electron transport region 140.

[0112] In one or more embodiments, the photosensitive layer 135 may include at least one selected from a fluorine compound represented by formula F, a first compound represented by formula 1, and a second compound represented by formula 2. The photosensitive layer 135 may include each of the fluorine compound, the first compound, and the second compound. The fluorine compound, the first compound, and the second compound may be mixed with each other.

[0113] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic device 31 according to one or more embodiments.

[0114] Referring to FIG2, the optoelectronic device 31 may include a first electrode 110, a hole transport region 120 on the first electrode 110, a photosensitive layer 135 on the hole transport region 120, an electron transport region 140 on the photosensitive layer 135, and a second electrode 150 on the electron transport region 140. The photosensitive layer 135 may include a first layer 131 and a second layer 132. The first layer 131 may be located between the first electrode 110 and the second layer 132. The second layer 132 may be located between the first layer 131 and the second electrode 150.

[0115] The thickness of the first layer 131 may be less than the thickness of the second layer 132. The thickness of the first layer 131 may be in the range of about 5 nm to about 30 nm or about 10 nm to about 20 nm. The thickness of the second layer 132 may be in the range of about 20 nm to about 50 nm or about 30 nm to about 40 nm.

[0116] In one or more embodiments, the photosensitive layer 135 may include each of a fluorine compound represented by Formula F, a first compound represented by Formula 1, and a second compound represented by Formula 2.

[0117] In one or more embodiments, the first layer 131 may include a first compound and a fluorine compound, and the second layer 132 may include a second compound and a fluorine compound. For example, the fluorine compound may be present in both the first layer 131 and the second layer 132 (e.g., simultaneously present in both the first layer 131 and the second layer 132).

[0118] In one or more embodiments, the first layer 131 may include a first compound and a fluorine compound, and the second layer 132 may include a second compound. For example, the fluorine compound may be present in the first layer 131 and may be mixed with the first compound.

[0119] In one or more embodiments, the first layer 131 may include a first compound, and the second layer 132 may include a second compound and a fluorine compound. For example, the fluorine compound may be present in the second layer 132 and may be mixed with the second compound.

[0120] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an optoelectronic device 32 according to one or more embodiments.

[0121] Referring to FIG3, the optoelectronic device 32 may include a first electrode 110, a hole transport region 120 on the first electrode 110, a photosensitive layer 135 on the hole transport region 120, an electron transport region 140 on the photosensitive layer 135, and a second electrode 150 on the electron transport region 140. The photosensitive layer 135 may include a first layer 131, a second layer 132, and a fluorine layer 133. The first layer 131 may be located between the first electrode 110 and the second layer 132. The second layer 132 may be located between the first layer 131 and the second electrode 150. The fluorine layer 133 may be located between the first layer 131 and the second layer 132.

[0122] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the fluorine layer 133 may be less than the thickness of the first layer 131 and / or the thickness of the second layer 132. The thickness of the first layer 131 may be in the range of about 5 nm to about 30 nm or about 10 nm to about 20 nm. The thickness of the second layer 132 may be in the range of about 20 nm to about 50 nm or about 30 nm to about 40 nm. The thickness of the fluorine layer 133 may be in the range of about 0.5 nm to about 10 nm, about 0.6 nm to about 9 nm, about 0.7 nm to about 8 nm, about 0.8 nm to about 7 nm, about 0.9 nm to about 6 nm, or about 1 nm to about 5 nm.

[0123] In one or more embodiments, the photosensitive layer 135 may include each of a fluorine compound represented by Formula F, a first compound represented by Formula 1, and a second compound represented by Formula 2.

[0124] In one or more embodiments, the first layer 131 may include a first compound, the second layer 132 may include a second compound, and the fluorine layer 133 may include a fluorine compound. For example, the fluorine compound may be present between the first layer 131 and the second layer 132.

[0125] Fluorine compounds

[0126] Fluorine compounds can be represented by the formula F. Fluorine compounds may include fluorine but may not include chlorine (-Cl), bromine (-Br), iodine (-I), and cyano (-CN).

[0127] The deposition temperature of fluorine compounds can be about 350°C or lower. For example, if (e.g., when) a layer comprising a fluorine compound is formed or provided by vacuum deposition, the layer comprising a fluorine compound can be deposited even at temperatures of 350°C or lower. If (e.g., when) a layer comprising a fluorine compound is deposited at a temperature above about 350°C, the lifetime of the manufactured optoelectronic device may be reduced. In one or more embodiments, compounds having deposition temperatures above about 350°C may be significantly or substantially different from fluorine compounds. For example, the deposition temperature of fluorine compounds can be in the range of about 100°C to about 350°C, about 200°C to about 350°C, about 300°C to about 350°C, about 100°C to about 340°C, about 200°C to about 340°C, or about 300°C to about 340°C.

[0128] In one or more embodiments, in formulas F, FY, and FZ, Ar1 to Ar6 may each be independently selected from C6-C substituted with at least five -F groups. 60 aryl and C2-C substituted with at least five -F groups 60 Heteroalkyl groups.

[0129] In one or more embodiments, in formulas F, FY, and FZ, Ar1 to Ar6 may each be independently substituted with at least two -F groups: phenyl; naphthyl; anthraceneyl; phenanthrene; tetraphenyl; 1,2-benzophenanthrene; pyrene; pyridyl; pyrimidinyl; triazine; pyrazinyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; quinazolinyl; or quinoxalinyl. For example, Ar1 to Ar6 may each be independently substituted with at least two -F groups, at least three -F groups, at least four -F groups, or at least five -F groups.

[0130] In one or more embodiments, L1, L2, L 31 To L 35 L4 and L4 can each be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Alkylenes. For example, L1, L2, L... 31 To L 35L4 can be methylene (-CH2-), ethylene (-CH2CH2-), or propylene (-CH2CH2CH2- or -CH2CH(CH3)-) independently.

[0131] If (for example, when) n1 is 0, (L1) n1 It can be a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond). If (e.g., when) n2, n31 through n35 and n4 are each 0, (L2) n2 、(L 31 ) n31 、(L 32 ) n32 、(L 33 ) n33 、(L 34 ) n34 、(L 35 ) n35 and (L4) n4 Each can be a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond).

[0132] In one or more embodiments, n1, n2, n31 to n35 and n4 may each be 1.

[0133] In one or more embodiments, T1 may be 0.

[0134] In one or more embodiments, Y1 in formula F can be selected from groups represented by formula FY, hydrogen, deuterium, -F, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl groups and unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkoxy group. Y1 can be a group represented by formula FY or hydrogen.

[0135] If (for example, when) a1 in equation FY is 0, then equation FY can be expressed by equation F-Y0:

[0136] Formula F-Y0

[0137]

[0138] In formula F-Y0, Ar3 and L 33 n33 and * may each be the same as those defined in one or more embodiments.

[0139] In one or more embodiments, a1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5, an integer selected from 0 to 4, an integer selected from 0 to 3, or an integer selected from 0 to 2.

[0140] In one or more embodiments, Z1 in formula F can be selected from groups represented by formula FZ, hydrogen, deuterium, -F, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl groups and unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkoxy group. Z1 can be a group represented by the formula FZ or hydrogen.

[0141] Fluorine compounds may be selected from compounds F1 to F4:

[0142]

[0143] Photoelectric device 30, photoelectric device 31, or photoelectric device 32 may include at least one fluorine compound represented by formula F. The fluorine compound may be applied to photosensitive layer 135, may be mixed with a donor (e.g., a first compound) and / or acceptor (e.g., a second compound), and may be applied to the interface between the donor and acceptor. The fluorine compound can effectively or suitably separate excitons generated if (e.g., when) the donor absorbs light into charges (e.g., electrons and holes). In one or more embodiments, the number of unseparated excitons and those annihilated by exciton binding energy can be reduced. For example, the fluorine compound can improve or enhance exciton separation efficiency. By increasing the amount of charge separated by the fluorine compound, even at relatively low voltages, the amount of charge passing through relatively thick layers (e.g., hole transport layers) and reaching the electrodes (e.g., anodes or cathodes) can be effectively or suitably increased. As a result, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the photoelectric device can be effectively or suitably increased.

[0144] Because fluorine compounds have relatively small molecular weights compared to compounds that include substituents (such as bromine (-Br), iodine (-I), and cyano (-CN)), they are suitable for use in deposition processes (e.g., vacuum thermal deposition).

[0145] First compound (donor)

[0146] The first compound can be represented by Equation 1:

[0147] Formula 1

[0148]

[0149] In Equation 1, Ar 13 It can be a group represented by one of formulas 1-1 to 1-3:

[0150] Equation 1-1

[0151]

[0152] Formula 1-2

[0153]

[0154] Formula 1-3

[0155]

[0156] Among them, in Equation 1 and Equations 1-1 to 1-3,

[0157] Ar 11 and Ar 12 Each can be independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0158] Ar 11 and Ar 12 Optionally via a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond), *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(T) 11 (T) 12 )-*'、*-Si(T 11 (T) 12 )-*' or *-N(T 11 )-*' are connected to each other,

[0159] Ar 12 and containing X 11 The 5-membered ring can optionally be via a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond), *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-C(T) 13 (T) 14 )-*'、*-Si(T 13 (T) 14 )-*' or *-N(T 13 )-*' are connected to each other,

[0160] T 11 To T 14 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, cyano, unsubstituted, or converted by at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0161] X 11It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 11a (R) 11b ), Si(R) 11c (R) 11d ) or N(R 11e ),

[0162] X 12 It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 12a (R) 12b ), Si(R) 12c (R) 12d ) or N(R 12e ),

[0163] X 13 It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 13a (R) 13b ), Si(R) 13c (R) 13d ) or N(R 13e ),

[0164] X 14 It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 14a (R) 14b ), Si(R) 14c (R) 14d ) or N(R 14e ),

[0165] L 11 and L 12 Each can be independently a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond), unsubstituted, or bonded by at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0166] b11 and b12 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 3.

[0167] c11 and c12 can each be an integer selected from 1 to 10.

[0168] c14 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4, and c16 can be an integer selected from 1 to 6.

[0169] R 11 To R 17 R 11a To R 11e R12a To R 12e R 13a To R 13e and R 14a To R 14e Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C7-C 60 Aryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1) or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0170] Q1 to Q3 can be independently defined as follows:

[0171] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 alkoxy; or

[0172] Each of the unsubstituted or replaced groups (deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C) 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60Heterocyclic group, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 heteroaryl,

[0173] * and *' each indicate the bonding site with the adjacent atom, and

[0174] R 10a It may be the same as that defined in one or more embodiments.

[0175] The first compound can absorb blue light, green light, red light, near-infrared light, and / or any combination thereof. For example, the first compound can absorb green light with a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of about 450 nm to about 600 nm.

[0176] In Equation 1, Ar 11 and Ar 12 Each can be independently C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group or monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group.

[0177] For example, Ar 11 and Ar 12 Each can be independently phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or triazine.

[0178] In Equation 1, “Ar 11 and Ar 12 "Optionally connect to each other" indicates Ar 11 and Ar 12 Connected to each other or not connected to each other. "Ar 11 and Ar 12 Examples of compounds "connected to each other by single bonds (e.g., a single covalent bond)" include compounds A1, and "Ar 11 and Ar 12 via *-C(T) 11 (T) 12 "Connected to each other" can refer to compounds such as A65.

[0179]

[0180] In one or more embodiments, Ar 11 and Ar 12 It can be transmitted via single bonds (e.g., a single covalent bond), *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(T) 11 (T)12 )-*'、*-Si(T 11 (T) 12 )-*' or *-N(T 11 )-*' are connected to each other.

[0181] In one or more embodiments, T 11 and T 12 Each can be selected independently:

[0182] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl and cyano; and

[0183] Unsubstituted or substituted C1-C groups with deuterium, -F, -Cl, cyano, or any combination thereof 10 alkyl.

[0184] In Equation 1, “Ar 12 and containing X 11 The instruction "The 5-element rings can be arbitrarily connected to each other" indicates Ar 12 and containing X 11 The 5-membered rings may or may not be connected to each other. 12 and containing X 11 The 5-membered ring can be represented by R in Equation 1. 13 Their positions are connected to each other. "Ar 12 and containing X 11 Examples of compounds A1 and A65 where the 5-membered rings are not connected to each other include "Ar". 12 and containing X 11 The 5-membered ring meridian *-C(T) 13 (T) 14 Examples of compounds connected to each other include compound A9, etc.

[0185]

[0186] In one or more embodiments, Ar 12 and containing X 11 The 5-membered ring can optionally be via a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond) or *-C(T) 13 (T) 14 )-*' are connected to each other.

[0187] In one or more embodiments, T 13 and T 14 Each can be selected independently:

[0188] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl and cyano; and

[0189] Unsubstituted or substituted C1-C groups with deuterium, -F, -Cl, cyano, or any combination thereof 10 alkyl.

[0190] In one or more embodiments, in Equation 1, by The represented part can be any part selected from Equation 1A to Equation 1E:

[0191] Formula 1A

[0192]

[0193] Formula 1B

[0194]

[0195] Formula 1C

[0196]

[0197] Formula 1D

[0198]

[0199] Formula 1E

[0200]

[0201] Among them, in equations 1A to 1E,

[0202] X 11 L 11 b11, T 11 To T 14 and R 11 To R 14 Each may be the same as that defined in one or more embodiments.

[0203] c13 can be an integer selected from 1 to 3.

[0204] c14 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4, and c15 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5.

[0205] *Indicates the (L) in Equation 1 12 ) b12 The bonding sites.

[0206] In Equation 1, Ar 13 It can be a group represented by one of Formula 1-1, Formula 1-2 and Formula 1-3.

[0207] In equations 1-1 to 1-3, X 12 To X 14 Each can be independently O, S, or Se. (Selected from X)12 and X 13 At least one of them can be O. X 14 It can be O or S.

[0208] In equations 1-1 to 1-3, R 16 and R 17 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, cyano, unsubstituted, or converted by at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryl or unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Mixed aromatic compounds.

[0209] In Equation 1-2, if (for example, when) c14 is 2 to 4, multiple R 16 They can be the same or different from each other. In Equations 1-3, if (for example, when) c16 is 2 to 6, multiple R... 16 They may be the same as or different from each other.

[0210] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, L is selected 11 and L 12 At least one of them can be a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond). For example, in Equation 1, b11 can be 1, and L 11 It can be a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond). For example, in Equation 1, b12 can be 1, and L 12 It can be a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond).

[0211] In one or more embodiments, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the first compound can be in the range of about -5.5 eV to about -5.0 eV. For example, the absolute value of the HOMO energy level of the first compound can be in the range of about 5.0 eV to about 5.5 eV.

[0212] In one or more embodiments, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the first compound may be in the range of about -4.0 eV to about -3.0 eV. For example, the absolute value of the LUMO energy level of the first compound may be in the range of about 3.0 eV to about 4.0 eV.

[0213] In one or more embodiments, the first compound may be one selected from compounds A1 to A108:

[0214]

[0215]

[0216]

[0217]

[0218]

[0219] Second compound (receptor)

[0220] The second compound can be represented by formula 2-1 or formula 2-2:

[0221] Equation 2-1

[0222]

[0223] Equation 2-2

[0224]

[0225] Among them, in equations 2-1 and 2-2,

[0226] X 21 It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 21a (R) 21b ), Si(R) 21c (R) 21d ) or N(R 21e ),

[0227] X 22 It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 22a (R) 22b ), Si(R) 22c (R) 22d ) or N(R 22e ),

[0228] X 23 It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 23a (R) 23b ), Si(R) 23c (R) 23d ) or N(R 23e ),

[0229] X 24It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 24a (R) 24b ), Si(R) 24c (R) 24d ) or N(R 24e ),

[0230] X 25 It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 25a (R) 25b ), Si(R) 25c (R) 25d ) or N(R 25e ),

[0231] X 26 It can be O, S, Se, Te, SO, SO2, C(R) 26a (R) 26b ), Si(R) 26c (R) 26d ) or N(R 26e ),

[0232] R 21 To R 28 R 21a To R 21e R 22a To R 22e R 23a To R 23e R 24a To R 24e R 25a To R 25e and R 26a To R 26e Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60aryloxy, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C7-C 60 Aryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and

[0233] R 10a Q1 to Q3 may each be the same as those defined in one or more embodiments.

[0234] In one or more embodiments, in Equations 2-1 and 2-2, X 21 It can be O, S or N(R) 21e ), and X 22 It can be O, S or N(R) 22e ).

[0235] In one or more embodiments, R 21e and R 22e Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryl or unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Mixed aromatics. R 21e and R 22e Each can be independently selected from its own unsubstituted or substituted form of phenyl; pyridinyl; pyrimidinyl; triazine; pyrazinyl; thiophene; and furanyl: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, cyano, unsubstituted C1-C 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with at least one deuterium 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with at least one -F 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with at least one -Cl 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with at least one -Br 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C substituted with at least one -I group 10 Alkyl groups, C1-C groups substituted with at least one cyano group 10 Alkyl groups or any combination thereof.

[0236] In one or more embodiments, in Equations 2-1 and 2-2, X 23 To X 26Each can be either O or S independently.

[0237] In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be one selected from compounds B1 to B24:

[0238]

[0239]

[0240] One or more embodiments of this disclosure provide electronic devices including optoelectronic devices.

[0241] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a light-emitting device 10 included in an electronic device according to one or more embodiments.

[0242] Referring to Figure 4, the light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, a hole transport region 120, an emitting layer 130, an electron transport region 140, and a second electrode 150.

[0243] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may further include a light-emitting device 10 comprising an emitting layer 130 contained between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150 and not overlapping with the photosensitive layer 135.

[0244] The optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31 or optoelectronic device 32 may further include: a first hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the photosensitive layer 135; and a first electron transport region between the photosensitive layer 135 and the second electrode 150.

[0245] The light-emitting device 10 may further include: a second hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emitting layer 130; and a second electron transport region between the emitting layer 130 and the second electrode 150.

[0246] In one or more embodiments, the first hole transport region of optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31, or optoelectronic device 32 and the second hole transport region of light-emitting device 10 may be a common layer. The first hole transport region and the second hole transport region may comprise substantially the same material and may be formed or provided substantially simultaneously (e.g., synchronously).

[0247] In one or more embodiments, the first electron transport region of optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31, or optoelectronic device 32 and the second electron transport region of light-emitting device 10 may be another common layer. The first electron transport region and the second electron transport region may comprise substantially the same material and may be formed or provided substantially simultaneously (e.g., synchronously).

[0248] One or more embodiments of this disclosure provide electronic devices including electronic equipment, wherein the electronic devices may be selected from flat panel displays, curved displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, indoor lights, outdoor lights, signal lights, head-up displays, fully transparent displays, partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, retractable displays, laser printers, telephones, mobile phones, tablet computers, phablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, microdisplays, 3D displays, virtual reality displays, augmented reality displays, vehicles, video walls comprising multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screens, stadium screens, phototherapy devices, signs, automotive sensors, home sensors, and solar cells.

[0249] First electrode 110

[0250] In Figures 1 through 4, a substrate may be additionally arranged or provided below the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 150. A glass substrate and / or a plastic substrate may be used as the substrate. The substrate may be a flexible substrate. For example, the substrate may comprise a plastic having excellent or suitable heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0251] The first electrode 110 may be formed or provided by depositing or sputtering a material for forming or providing the first electrode 110 on a substrate. If (for example, when) the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming or providing the first electrode 110 may be a high work function material that facilitates hole injection.

[0252] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a transmissive-reflective electrode, or a transmissive electrode. If (for example, when) the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form or provide the first electrode 110 may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (e.g., SnO2), zinc oxide (e.g., ZnO), or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) the first electrode 110 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form or provide the first electrode 110 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof.

[0253] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0254] Hole transport region 120

[0255] Hole transport region 120 may have i) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (e.g., composed of a single layer) comprising a single material (e.g., composed of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (e.g., composed of a single layer) comprising multiple different materials, or iii) a multilayer structure comprising multiple layers comprising multiple different materials.

[0256] Hole transport region 120 may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0257] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 120 may have a multilayer structure including a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, wherein the constituent layers of each structure may be stacked sequentially starting from the first electrode 110.

[0258] Hole transport region 120 may include a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0259] Formula 201

[0260]

[0261] Formula 202

[0262]

[0263] Among them, in equations 201 and 202,

[0264] L 201 To L 204 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0265] L 205 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0266] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0267] xa5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 10.

[0268] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0269] R 201 and R 202 Optionally via a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond), unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole group, etc.) (e.g., compound HT16, etc.),

[0270] R 203 and R 204 Optionally via a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond), unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and

[0271] na1 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4.

[0272] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may include at least one of the groups selected from Formula CY201 to Formula CY217:

[0273]

[0274] In equations CY201 to CY217, R10b and R 10c Each can be associated with R. 10a The same restrictions apply to the CY ring. 201 To CY 204 Each can be independently C3-C 20 Carbocyclic or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen in formulas CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or R-substituted. 10a replace.

[0275] In one or more embodiments, in formulas CY201 to CY217, the ring CY 201 To CY 204 Each can be independently phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or anthracene.

[0276] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may include at least one of the groups selected from Formula CY201 to Formula CY203.

[0277] In one or more embodiments, formula 201 may include at least one group selected from formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one group selected from formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0278] In one or more embodiments, in formula 201, xa1 can be 1, R 201 It can be a group represented by one selected from formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 can be 0, and R 202 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0279] In one or more embodiments, each of Formula 201 and Formula 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0280] In one or more embodiments, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203 and may include at least one group selected from Formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0281] In one or more embodiments, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0282] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 120 may include: one selected from compounds HT1 to HT46; m-MTDATA; TDATA; 2-TNATA; NPB (NPD); β-NPB; TPD; spiroTPD; spiroNPB; methylated NPB; TAPC; HMTPD; 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA); polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA); poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS); polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA); polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS); or any combination thereof:

[0283]

[0284]

[0285]

[0286]

[0287]

[0288] The thickness of the hole transport region 120 can be approximately to approximately (For example, about to approximately Within the range of ), if (for example, when) hole transport region 120 includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be approximately to approximately (For example, about to approximately Within the range of ), and the thickness of the hole transport layer can be approximately to approximately (For example, about to approximately Within the aforementioned range. If (for example, when) the thickness of the hole transport region 120, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within the aforementioned range, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0289] The emission assist layer can increase or enhance luminous efficiency by compensating for the optical resonant distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted by the emission layer 130, and the electron blocking layer can block (or reduce the extent or occurrence of) electron leakage from the emission layer 130 to the hole transport region 120. Materials that may be included in the hole transport region 120 may be included in both the emission assist layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0290] p-dopants

[0291] In addition to the materials as described in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 120 may also include a charge-generating material for improving or enhancing conductivity (e.g., electrical conductivity) properties. The charge-generating material may be uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region 120 (e.g., in the form of a single layer comprising the charge-generating material (e.g., composed of the charge-generating material)).

[0292] The charge-generating material can be, for example, a p-doped agent.

[0293] In one or more embodiments, the LUMO level of the p-doped agent may be about -3.5 eV or less.

[0294] In the hole transport region 120, the amount of p-doped layer may be in the range of about 0.1 vol% to about 10 vol% (e.g., about 0.5 vol% to about 5 vol%).

[0295] In one or more embodiments, the p-doper may include quinone derivatives, cyano-containing compounds, compounds comprising elements EL1 and EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0296] Examples of quinone derivatives may include TCNQ and / or F4-TCNQ, etc.

[0297] Examples of cyano-containing compounds may include HAT-CN and / or compounds represented by formula 221, etc.

[0298]

[0299] Equation 221

[0300]

[0301] In Equation 221,

[0302] R 221 To R 223 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0303] Selected from R 221 To R 223 At least one of them can be independently either unsubstituted or substituted C3-C. 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups: cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; unsubstituted or substituted C1-C groups with cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof. 20 Alkyl groups; or any combination thereof.

[0304] In a compound that includes elements EL1 and EL2, element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof, and element EL2 may be a nonmetal, a metalloid, or a combination thereof.

[0305] Examples of metals may include: alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb) and / or cesium (Cs); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and / or barium (Ba); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), cobalt (Co) Rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) and / or gold (Au), etc.; later transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In) and / or tin (Sn), etc.); and / or lanthanides (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) and / or lutetium (Lu), etc.), etc.

[0306] Examples of metalloids may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), and / or tellurium (Te).

[0307] Examples of nonmetals may include oxygen (O) and / or halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br and / or I, etc.).

[0308] Examples of compounds including elements EL1 and EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides and / or metal iodides), quasi-metal halides (e.g., quasi-metal fluorides, quasi-metal chlorides, quasi-metal bromides and / or quasi-metal iodides), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0309] Examples of metal oxides may include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3 and / or W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2 and / or V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (e.g., MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3 and / or Mo2O5, etc.) and / or rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.).

[0310] Examples of metal halides may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, and / or lanthanide metal halides.

[0311] Examples of alkali metal halides may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, and / or CsI, etc.

[0312] Examples of alkaline earth metal halides may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2 and / or BaI2, etc.

[0313] Examples of transition metal halides may include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4 and / or TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4 and / or ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4 and / or HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3 and / or VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3 and / or NbI3, etc.), and tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, TaBr3, etc.). (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3 and / or CrI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3 and / or CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3 and / or MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3 and / or WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2 and / or MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2 and / or TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReBr2 and / or R... Ferrous halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2 and / or FeI2), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2 and / or RuI2), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2 and / or OsI2), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2 and / or CoI2), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2 and / or RhI2), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, IrBr2 and / or IrI2). (e.g., IrI2, etc.), nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2 and / or NiI2, etc.), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2 and / or PdI2, etc.), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2 and / or PtI2, etc.), cuprous halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr and / or CuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr and / or AgI, etc.) and / or gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr and / or AuI, etc.).

[0314] Examples of post-transition metal halides may include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2 and / or ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.) and / or tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.).

[0315] Examples of lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3 and / or SmI3, etc.

[0316] Examples of quasi-metal halides may include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0317] Examples of metal tellurides may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li₂Te, Na₂Te, K₂Te, Rb₂Te and / or Cs₂Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe and / or BaTe, etc.), and transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe₂, ZrTe₂, HfTe₂, V₂Te₃, Nb₂Te₃, Ta₂Te₃, Cr₂Te₃, Mo₂Te₃, W₂Te₃, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, FeT₂Te). e, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe and / or Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.) and / or lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe and / or LuTe, etc.).

[0318] Launch layer 130

[0319] The light-emitting device 10 may include an emitting layer 130 on the hole transport region 120.

[0320] In addition to one or more suitable organic materials, the emitter layer 130 may further include metal-containing compounds (such as organometallic compounds) and / or inorganic materials (such as quantum dots).

[0321] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer 130 may include i) two or more emitting units stacked sequentially between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and ii) a charge generation layer between adjacent emitting units in the two or more emitting units. If (for example, when) the emitting layer 130 includes emitting units and a charge generation layer as described in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 10 may be a tandem light-emitting device.

[0322] If (for example, when) the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, then the emitting layer 130 may be patterned as a red emitting layer, a green emitting layer, and / or a blue emitting layer according to the sub-pixels. In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer 130 may have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from red, green, and blue emitting layers, wherein the two or more layers are in contact with or separated from each other to emit white light. In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer 130 may include two or more materials selected from red, green, and blue emitting materials, wherein the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light.

[0323] The emitting layer 130 may include a host and a dopant. The dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0324] Based on 100 parts by weight of the host, the amount of dopant in the emitter layer 130 can range from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0325] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer 130 may include quantum dots.

[0326] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer 130 may include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material may act as a host or a dopant in the emission layer 130.

[0327] The thickness of the emission layer 130 can be approximately to approximately (For example, about to approximately Within the aforementioned range. If (for example, when) the thickness of the emitting layer 130 is within the aforementioned range, excellent or appropriate light-emitting characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0328] main body

[0329] The main body may include compounds represented by formula 301:

[0330] Formula 301

[0331] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 ,

[0332] In Equation 301,

[0333] Ar 301 and L 301 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0334] xb11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0335] xb1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0336] R 301 It can be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) or -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),

[0337] xb21 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5, and

[0338] Q 301 To Q 303 Each can be the same as the one specified for Q1.

[0339] In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) xb11 in equation 301 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 301 They can be connected to each other via single bonds (e.g., a single covalent bond).

[0340] In one or more embodiments, the body may include a compound represented by Formula 301-1, a compound represented by Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0341] Formula 301-1

[0342]

[0343] Formula 301-2

[0344]

[0345] Among them, in equations 301-1 and 301-2,

[0346] Ring A 301 To Ring A 304 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0347] X 301 It can be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ]、C(R 304 (R) 305 ) or Si(R 304 (R) 305 ),

[0348] xb22 and xb23 can each be 0, 1, or 2 independently.

[0349] L 301 xb1 and R 301 Each may be the same as that defined in one or more embodiments.

[0350] L 302 To L 304 Each can be independently associated with L 301 The same restrictions apply.

[0351] xb2 to xb4 can each be independently identical to the one that defines xb1, and

[0352] R 302 To R 305 and R 311 To R 314 Each can be associated with R. 301 The same restrictions apply.

[0353] In one or more embodiments, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex, a post-transition metal complex, or any combination thereof. For example, the host may include a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0354] In one or more embodiments, the main body may include: one selected from compounds H1 to H128; 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN); 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (MADN); 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (TBADN); 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP); 1,3-bis(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (mCP); 1,3,5-tris(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (TCP); or any combination thereof:

[0355]

[0356]

[0357]

[0358]

[0359]

[0360]

[0361] Phosphorescent dopants

[0362] Phosphorescent dopants may include at least one transition metal as the center metal.

[0363] Phosphorescent dopants may include monodentate ligands, dipentate ligands, tridentate ligands, tetradentate ligands, pentadentate ligands, hexadentate ligands, or any combination thereof.

[0364] Phosphorescent dopants can be electrically neutral.

[0365] In one or more embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may comprise an organometallic compound represented by formula 401:

[0366] Formula 401

[0367] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0368] Formula 402

[0369]

[0370] In Equations 401 and 402,

[0371] M can be a transition metal (e.g., iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), or thulium (Tm)).

[0372] L 401 The ligand can be represented by Equation 402, and xc1 can be 1, 2, or 3, wherein if (for example, when) xc1 is 2 or greater, two or more L 401 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0373] L 402 It can be an organic ligand, and xc2 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein if (for example, when) xc2 is 2 or greater, two or more L 402 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0374] X 401 and X 402 They can be nitrogen or carbon independently.

[0375] Ring A 401 And Ring A 402 Each can be independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0376] T 401 It can be a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond), *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q)-*', or a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond). 411 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 (Q) 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 ) = *' or * = C = *',

[0377] X 403 and X 404 Each can be an independent chemical bond (e.g., covalent or coordinate), O, S, N (Q) 413 ), B(Q) 413 ), P(Q 413 ), C(Q 413 (Q) 414 ) or Si(Q413 (Q) 414 ),

[0378] Q 411 To Q 414 Each can be the same as the one specified for Q1.

[0379] R 401 and R 402 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403 -N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ) or -P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ),

[0380] Q 401 To Q 403 Each can be the same as the one specified for Q1.

[0381] xc11 and xc12 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently, and

[0382] In Equation 402, * and *' each indicate the binding site with M in Equation 401.

[0383] In one or more embodiments, in formula 402, i)X 401 It can be nitrogen, and X 402 It can be carbon, or ii)X 401 and X 402 Each of them can be nitrogen.

[0384] In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) xc1 in equation 401 is 2 or greater, the number of L is selected from two or more L. 401 Two rings A 401Optionally via T as a linking group 402 Connected to each other, and selected from two or more L 401 Two rings A 402 Optionally via T as a linking group 403 They are interconnected (see compounds PD1 through PD4 and PD7). T 402 and T 403 Each can be associated with T. 401 The same restrictions apply.

[0385] In Equation 401, L 402 It can be an organic ligand. For example, L... 402 It may include halogen groups, diketone groups (e.g., acetylacetone groups), carboxylic acid groups (e.g., pyridine carboxyl groups), -C (=O), isonitrile groups, -CN groups, phosphorus-containing groups (e.g., phosphin groups and / or phosphite groups, etc.) or any combination thereof.

[0386] The phosphorescent dopant may include, for example, one or any combination thereof selected from compounds PD1 to PD39:

[0387]

[0388]

[0389]

[0390] Fluorescent dopants

[0391] Fluorescent dopants may include amine-containing compounds, styrene-containing compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0392] In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by formula 501:

[0393] Formula 501

[0394]

[0395] In Equation 501,

[0396] Ar 501 L 501 To L 503 R 501 and R 502 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10aReplacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0397] xd1 to xd3 can each be independently 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0398] xd4 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0399] In one or more embodiments, Ar in Formula 501 501 It can be a fused ring group in which three or more monocyclic groups are fused together (e.g., anthracene, 1,2-benzophenanthrene and / or pyrene, etc.).

[0400] In one or more embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2.

[0401] In one or more embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include: one selected from compounds FD1 to FD37; DPVBi; DPAVBi; or any combination thereof:

[0402]

[0403]

[0404]

[0405] Delayed fluorescence materials

[0406] The emitting layer 130 may include a delayed fluorescence material.

[0407] In this paper, the delayed fluorescence material can be selected from compounds that can emit delayed fluorescence based on the delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0408] Depending on the type or variety of other materials included in the emission layer 130, the delayed fluorescence material included in the emission layer 130 may act as a host or a dopant.

[0409] In one or more embodiments, the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material may be at least 0 eV but not greater than about 0.5 eV. If (for example, when) the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material is within the aforementioned range, an upconversion from the triplet state to the singlet state of the delayed fluorescent material can occur effectively or appropriately, and therefore, the light-emitting device 10 may have improved and enhanced luminous efficiency.

[0410] In one or more embodiments, the delayed fluorescence material may include i) at least one electron donor (e.g., a π-electron-rich C3-C3). 60 Cyclic groups, such as carbazole groups, and at least one electron acceptor (e.g., sulfoxide, cyano, and / or π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C groups). 60 Materials containing heterocyclic groups, etc., and / or ii) C8-C alloys in which two or more cyclic groups are fused together while sharing boron (B). 60 Materials with polycyclic groups, etc.

[0411] Examples of delayed fluorescent materials may include at least one selected from compounds DF1 to DF14:

[0412]

[0413]

[0414] quantum dots

[0415] The emitter layer 130 may include quantum dots.

[0416] As used herein, the term "quantum dot" refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound and may include any suitable material capable of emitting light of one or more wavelengths depending on the size of the crystal.

[0417] The diameter of quantum dots can be, for example, in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0418] Quantum dots can be synthesized through wet chemical processes, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) processes, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) processes, or any similar processes.

[0419] Wet chemical processes can include methods that involve mixing precursor materials with an organic solvent and then growing quantum dot crystals. If (e.g., when) quantum dot crystals are growing, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot crystals and controls the growth of the quantum dot crystals so that the growth of the quantum dot crystals can be controlled by a process that is less costly and easier than vapor deposition methods such as metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and / or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

[0420] Quantum dots may include: group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0421] Examples of group II-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds, such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe and / or MgS; ternary compounds, such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, Cd ZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe and / or MgZnS; quaternary compounds such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and / or HgZnSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0422] Examples of Group III-V semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds, such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, and / or InSb; ternary compounds, such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, and / or InPSb; quaternary compounds, such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, and / or InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the Group III-V semiconductor compound may further include a Group II element. Examples of group III-V semiconductor compounds that further include group II elements may include InZnP, InGaZnP, and / or InAlZnP, etc.

[0423] Examples of group III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as GaS, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3 and / or InTe; ternary compounds such as InGaS3 and / or InGaSe3; or any combination thereof.

[0424] Examples of group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds, such as AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2 and / or AgAlO2; quaternary compounds, such as AgInGaS, AgInGaS2, AgInGaSe, AgInGaSe2, CuInGaS and / or CuInGaS2; or any combination thereof.

[0425] Examples of group IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds, such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe and / or PbTe; ternary compounds, such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe and / or SnPbTe; quaternary compounds, such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe and / or SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0426] Examples of Group IV elements or compounds may include: single elements, such as Si and / or Ge; binary compounds, such as SiC and / or SiGe; or any combination thereof.

[0427] Each element included in a multi-element compound (such as a binary, ternary, and quaternary compound) may exist in the particles in a uniform (e.g., substantially uniform) or non-uniform concentration.

[0428] In one or more embodiments, the quantum dot may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element in the quantum dot is uniform (e.g., substantially uniform), or a core-shell dual structure. For example, the materials included in the core and the materials included in the shell may be different from each other.

[0429] The shell of a quantum dot can act as a protective layer to prevent (or reduce the degree or occurrence of) chemical denaturation of the nucleus to maintain its semiconductor properties and / or as a charging layer to impart or enhance the electrophoretic properties of the quantum dot. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the nucleus and the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases towards the center of the nucleus.

[0430] Examples of shells for quantum dots may include: oxides of metals, oxides of quasi-metals, or oxides of nonmetals; semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof. Examples of oxides of metals, oxides of quasi-metals, or oxides of nonmetals may include: binary compounds, such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, and / or NiO; ternary compounds, such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and / or CoMn2O4; or any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds may include, as described in one or more embodiments: group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof. For example, semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnSTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0431] Quantum dots may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or, for example, about 30 nm or less. If (for example, when) the FWHM of the quantum dot is within the aforementioned range, the quantum dot may have improved or enhanced color purity and / or improved or enhanced color reproducibility. In one or more embodiments, because light emitted through the quantum dot is emitted in all directions, a wide viewing angle may be improved or enhanced.

[0432] In one or more embodiments, quantum dots may be in the form of spherical nanoparticles (e.g., substantially spherical nanoparticles), conical nanoparticles (e.g., substantially conical nanoparticles), multi-armed nanoparticles (e.g., substantially multi-armed nanoparticles), cubic nanoparticles (e.g., substantially cubic nanoparticles), nanotubes (e.g., substantially nanotubes), nanowires (e.g., substantially nanowires), nanofibers (e.g., substantially nanofibers), and / or nanoplates (e.g., substantially nanoplates), etc.

[0433] Because the band gap can be adjusted by controlling the size of the quantum dots, light with one or more wavelength bands can be obtained from a quantum dot emitting layer. In one or more embodiments, a light-emitting device that emits light with one or more wavelength bands can be implemented by using quantum dots of different sizes. More specifically, the size of the quantum dots can be selected to emit red, green, and / or blue light. In one or more embodiments, the size of the quantum dots can be configured (e.g., controlled or adjusted) to emit white light through a combination of one or more suitable colors of light.

[0434] Electronic transmission area 140

[0435] The electron transport region 140 may have i) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (e.g., composed of a single layer) of a single material (e.g., composed of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure comprising a single layer (e.g., composed of a single layer) of a single material (e.g., composed of a single layer) of a single material, or iii) a multilayer structure comprising multiple layers of a multiple material.

[0436] The electron transport region 140 may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0437] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region 140 may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, wherein the constituent layers of each structure are stacked sequentially starting from the emitter layer 130.

[0438] Electron transport region 140 (e.g., a buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electron control layer, or electron transport layer in electron transport region 140) may include a nitrogen-containing C1-C layer containing at least one π-deficient electron. 60 Metal-free compounds with heterocyclic groups.

[0439] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region 140 may include a compound represented by formula 601:

[0440] Formula 601

[0441] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 ,

[0442] In Equation 601,

[0443] Ar 601 and L 601Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0444] xe11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0445] xe1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0446] R 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0447] Q 601 To Q 603 Each can be the same as the one specified for Q1.

[0448] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0449] Selected from Ar 601 L 601 and R 601 At least one of them can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Substituted π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0450] In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) xe11 in formula 601 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected to each other via single bonds (e.g., a single covalent bond).

[0451] In one or more embodiments, Ar in Formula 601 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Substituted anthracene group.

[0452] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region 140 may include a compound represented by formula 601-1:

[0453] Formula 601-1

[0454]

[0455] In Equation 601-1,

[0456] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and selected from X 614 To X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0457] L 611 To L 613 Each can be associated with L 601 The same restrictions apply.

[0458] xe611 to xe613 can each be the same as the definition for xe1.

[0459] R 611 To R 613 Each can be associated with R. 601 The same restrictions apply, and

[0460] R 614 To R 616 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0461] In one or more embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 may each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0462] The electron transport region 140 may include: one selected from compounds ET1 to ET45; 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP); 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen); Alq3; BAlq; TAZ; NTAZ; or any combination thereof.

[0463]

[0464]

[0465]

[0466]

[0467] The thickness of the electron transport region 140 can be approximately to approximately (For example, about to approximately Within the range of ), if (for example, when) the electron transport region 140 includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, or electron control layer may be approximately to approximately (For example, about to approximately Within the range of ), and the thickness of the electron transport layer can be approximately to approximately (For example, about to approximately Within the aforementioned range. If (for example, when) the thickness of the buffer layer, hole blocking layer, electronic control layer, electronic transport layer and / or electronic transport region 140 is within the aforementioned range, satisfactory electronic transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0468] In addition to the materials described in one or more embodiments, the electron transport region 140 (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region 140) may further include a metallic material.

[0469] Metal-containing materials may include alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The metal ion in an alkali metal complex may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs ions, and the metal ion in an alkaline earth metal complex may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba ions. Ligands coordinated to the metal ions of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal complex may include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0470] In one or more embodiments, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, compound ET-D1 (Liq) or compound ET-D2:

[0471]

[0472] The electron transport region 140 may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 150, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0473] The electron injection layer may have: i) a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) that includes a single material (e.g., consisting of a single material), ii) a single-layer structure including a single layer (e.g., consisting of a single layer) that includes multiple different materials, or iii) a multi-layer structure including multiple layers that includes multiple different materials.

[0474] The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof.

[0475] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0476] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may include oxides of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and / or iodides, etc.), or tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0477] The alkali metal compound may include: alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Cs2O, and / or K2O; alkali metal halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and / or KI; or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal compound may include alkaline earth metal oxides such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1) and / or Ba x Ca 1-xO (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1). The rare earth metal compound may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the rare earth metal compound may include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of lanthanide metal tellurides may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, and / or Lu2Te3, etc.

[0478] The alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, and rare earth metal complex may include i) one of the metal ions selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, and ii) ligands bonded to the metal ion, such as hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0479] The electron injection layer may include the following (e.g., consist of the following): alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof, as described in one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material (e.g., a compound represented by Formula 601).

[0480] In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may include the following (e.g., consist of the following): i) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide), or ii) a) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide), and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposited layer, a RbI:Yb co-deposited layer, and / or a LiF:Yb co-deposited layer, etc.

[0481] If (for example, when) the electron injection layer further comprises organic material, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, rare earth metal compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof may be uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix comprising the organic material.

[0482] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be approximately to approximately (For example, about to approximately Within the aforementioned range. If (for example, when) the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the aforementioned range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0483] Second electrode 150

[0484] The second electrode 150 may be located on the electron transport region 140. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode serving as an electron injection electrode, and may be made of metals, alloys, conductive compounds, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function, as materials for forming or providing the second electrode 150.

[0485] The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode.

[0486] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers. The thickness of the second electrode 150 may be approximately... to approximately Within the range.

[0487] Capping layer

[0488] A first capping layer may be arranged or provided outside the first electrode 110 and / or a second capping layer may be arranged or provided outside the second electrode 150.

[0489] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which a first capping layer, a first electrode 110, an emitting layer 130, and a second electrode 150 are stacked sequentially in the order described.

[0490] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which a first electrode 110, an emitting layer 130, a second electrode 150, and a second capping layer are stacked sequentially in the order described.

[0491] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which a first capping layer, a first electrode 110, an emitting layer 130, a second electrode 150, and a second capping layer are stacked sequentially in the order described.

[0492] The light generated in the emitting layer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted outward through the first electrode 110 (which is a semi-transparent electrode or a transmissive electrode) and the first capping layer. The light generated in the emitting layer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted outward through the second electrode 150 (which is a semi-transparent electrode or a transmissive electrode) and the second capping layer.

[0493] The first and second capping layers can increase or enhance the external emission efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference. In one or more embodiments, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be increased or enhanced, and thus the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 can be improved or enhanced.

[0494] Each of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may include (at about 520 nm to about 630 nm) a material having a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater.

[0495] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can each be an organic capping layer including organic materials, an inorganic capping layer including inorganic materials, or an organic-inorganic composite capping layer including both organic and inorganic materials.

[0496] At least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthyl phthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amino-containing compound may optionally be substituted with substituents comprising O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise an amino-containing compound.

[0497] In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently include a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0498] In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer and the second capping layer may independently comprise: one selected from compounds HT28 to HT33; one selected from compounds CP1 to CP6; β-NPB; or any combination thereof.

[0499]

[0500] membrane

[0501] Electronic devices may include films. Films may be, for example, optical components (or light control devices) (e.g., color filters, color conversion components, capping layers, light extraction efficiency enhancement layers, selective light absorption layers, polarization layers and / or content dot layers, etc.), light blocking components (e.g., light reflecting layers and / or light absorbing layers, etc.) and / or protective components (e.g., insulating layers (e.g., electrically insulating layers) and / or dielectric layers, etc.).

[0502] electronic devices

[0503] The light-emitting device 10 and the photoelectric device 30, photoelectric device 31 or photoelectric device 32 may be included in one or more suitable electronic devices.

[0504] In addition to the light-emitting device 10 and photoelectric devices 30, 31, or 32, the electronic device (e.g., the light-emitting device) may further include i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or color conversion layer may be arranged or provided in at least one direction in which the light emitted from the light-emitting device 10 travels. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device 10 may be blue or white light. Further details of the light-emitting device 10 may be the same as described herein. The color conversion layer may include quantum dots. The quantum dots may be, for example, quantum dots as described in one or more embodiments.

[0505] An electronic device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, a color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and a color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0506] Pixel-defining films can be arranged or provided between multiple sub-pixel regions to define each of the multiple sub-pixel regions.

[0507] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter areas and an arrangement or a light-shielding pattern between the plurality of color filter areas, and the color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion areas and an arrangement or a light-shielding pattern between the plurality of color conversion areas.

[0508] Multiple color filter regions (or multiple color conversion regions) may include a first region emitting a first color of light, a second region emitting a second color of light, and / or a third region emitting a third color of light, wherein the first color of light, the second color of light, and / or the third color of light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. For example, the first color of light may be red light, the second color of light may be green light, and the third color of light may be blue light. For example, the multiple color filter regions (or multiple color conversion regions) may include quantum dots. More specifically, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include quantum dots. Further details of quantum dots are described herein. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include a scatterer (e.g., a light scatterer).

[0509] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 10 can emit first light, a first region can absorb the first light to emit first-first-color light, a second region can absorb the first light to emit second-first-color light, and a third region can absorb the first light to emit third-first-color light. In one or more embodiments, the first-first-color light, the second-first-color light, and the third-first-color light can have different maximum emission wavelengths. More specifically, the first light can be blue light, the first-first-color light can be red light, the second-first-color light can be green light, and the third-first-color light can be blue light.

[0510] In addition to the light-emitting device 10, photoelectric device 31 or photoelectric device 32, and the light-emitting device 10, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, and either the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to either the first electrode 110 or the second electrode 150 selected from the light-emitting device 10.

[0511] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes and / or gate insulating (e.g., electrically insulating) films, etc.

[0512] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous (e.g., non-crystalline) silicon, organic semiconductors and / or oxide semiconductors, etc.

[0513] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31, or optoelectronic device 32 and the light-emitting device 10. The sealing portion may be disposed or provided between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31, or optoelectronic device 32 and / or light-emitting device 10. The sealing portion may allow light to be extracted from the light-emitting device 10 and / or the optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31, or optoelectronic device 32 to the outside and may simultaneously (e.g., synchronously) prevent ambient air and / or moisture from penetrating (or reduce the degree or occurrence of ambient air and / or moisture penetration) into the optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31, or optoelectronic device 32 and / or light-emitting device 10. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent (e.g., substantially transparent) glass substrate and / or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising at least one layer of organic and inorganic layers. If (e.g., when) the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0514] In addition to color filters and / or color conversion layers, one or more suitable functional layers may be additionally arranged or provided on the sealed portion, depending on the purpose of the electronic device. Examples of functional layers may include a touchscreen layer and / or a polarizing layer, etc. The touchscreen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, and / or an infrared touchscreen layer. The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual using biometric information from a living body (e.g., a fingertip and / or pupil, etc.).

[0515] In addition to photoelectric device 30, photoelectric device 31 or photoelectric device 32 and light-emitting device 10, the authentication device may further include a biometric information collector.

[0516] Electronic devices may be applied to one or more suitable displays, light sources, lighting devices, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical tools (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram displays, ultrasound diagnostic devices, or endoscopic displays), fish finders, one or more suitable measuring tools, instruments (e.g., instruments for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), projectors, and / or sensors (e.g., automotive sensors or home sensors), etc.

[0517] Electronic equipment

[0518] Optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31 or optoelectronic device 32 may be included in one or more suitable electronic devices.

[0519] For example, the electronic device including optoelectronic device 30, optoelectronic device 31 or optoelectronic device 32 may be selected from flat panel displays, curved displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, indoor lights, outdoor lights, signal lights, head-up displays, fully transparent displays, partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, stretchable displays, laser printers, telephones, mobile phones, tablet computers, phablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, microdisplays, 3D displays, virtual reality displays, augmented reality displays, vehicles, video walls including multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screens, stadium screens, phototherapy devices, signs, automotive sensors, home sensors and solar cells.

[0520] Because optoelectronic devices 30, 31, or 32 have excellent or suitable optoelectronic characteristics, electronic devices including optoelectronic devices 30, 31, or 32 can have the function of an optical sensor (such as a fingerprint sensor).

[0521] Descriptions of Figures 5 and 6

[0522] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments.

[0523] The electronic device of FIG5 may include a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor (TFT), a light-emitting device 10, a photoelectric device 30, and a sealing portion 300. The photoelectric device 30 of FIG5 may be the photoelectric device 30 described with reference to FIG1, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the photoelectric device 30 of FIG5 may be the photoelectric device 31 of FIG2 or the photoelectric device 32 of FIG3.

[0524] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 may prevent (or reduce the degree or occurrence of) the penetration of impurities through the substrate 100 and may provide a flat surface (e.g., a substantially flat surface) on the substrate 100.

[0525] The thin-film transistor (TFT) may be located on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0526] The active layer 220 may include inorganic semiconductors (such as silicon and / or polysilicon), organic semiconductors and / or oxide semiconductors, and may include source regions, drain regions and channel regions.

[0527] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 (e.g., electrically insulating) may be on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be on the gate insulating film 230.

[0528] The interlayer insulating film 250 may be on the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 may be between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the source electrode 260, and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to insulate the gate electrode 240 from the drain electrode 270.

[0529] Source electrode 260 and drain electrode 270 may be on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed or provided to expose the source and drain regions of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and drain electrode 270 may be arranged or provided to contact the exposed portions of the source and drain regions of the active layer 220.

[0530] The light-emitting device 10 and the photoelectric device 30 can be on a thin-film transistor (TFT).

[0531] A thin-film transistor (TFT) electrically connected to the light-emitting device 10 can transmit electrical signals to drive the light-emitting device 10. A thin-film transistor (TFT) electrically connected to the photoelectric device 30 can transmit electrical signals generated by the photoelectric device 30. The thin-film transistor (TFT) can be covered and protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating (e.g., electrically insulating) film, an organic insulating (e.g., electrically insulating) film, or any combination thereof. The light-emitting device 10 and the photoelectric device 30 can be provided on the passivation layer 280.

[0532] The light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, a hole transport region 120, an emitting layer 130, an electron transport region 140, and a second electrode 150. The photoelectric device 30 may include a first electrode 110, a hole transport region 120, a photosensitive layer 135, an electron transport region 140, and a second electrode 150. The first electrode 110 may be on a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may be arranged or provided to expose specific areas (e.g., defined or predetermined areas) of the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 without completely covering them, and the first electrode 110 may be arranged or provided to connect to the exposed areas of the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270.

[0533] A pixel defining film 290, comprising an insulating (e.g., electrically insulating) material, may be present on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 may expose a specific area (e.g., a defined area or a predetermined area) of the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 may be a polyimide-based organic film and / or a polyacrylic-based organic film.

[0534] The hole transport region 120 may be on the pixel defining film 290. The hole transport region 120 included in the light-emitting device 10 and the hole transport region 120 included in the optoelectronic device 30 may be integrally formed or provided as a single body. The hole transport region 120 included in the light-emitting device 10 and the hole transport region 120 included in the optoelectronic device 30 may be on the pixel defining film 290, may be connected to each other, may include substantially the same material, and may be formed or provided substantially simultaneously (e.g., synchronously).

[0535] Each of the emission layer 130 and the photosensitive layer 135 may be on the hole transport region 120. Each of the emission layer 130 and the photosensitive layer 135 may overlap a specific region (e.g., a set region or a predetermined region) of the first electrode 110 exposed through the pixel defining film 290.

[0536] The electron transport region 140 may be on the emission layer 130 and the photosensitive layer 135. The electron transport region 140 included in the light-emitting device 10 and the electron transport region 140 included in the optoelectronic device 30 may be integrally formed or provided as a single body. The electron transport region 140 included in the light-emitting device 10 and the electron transport region 140 included in the optoelectronic device 30 may be on the pixel defining film 290, may be connected to each other, may include substantially the same material, and may be formed or provided substantially simultaneously (e.g., synchronously).

[0537] The second electrode 150 may be on the electron transport region 140. The second electrode 150 included in the light-emitting device 10 and the second electrode 150 included in the optoelectronic device 30 may be integrally formed or provided as a single body. The second electrode 150 included in the light-emitting device 10 and the second electrode 150 included in the optoelectronic device 30 may be on the pixel defining film 290, may be connected to each other, may include substantially the same material, and may be formed or provided substantially simultaneously (e.g., synchronously).

[0538] The capping layer 170 may be additionally formed or provided on the second electrode 150. The capping layer 170 may be formed or provided to cover the second electrode 150.

[0539] The sealing portion 300 may be on the capping layer 170. The sealing portion 300 may be on the light-emitting device 10 and the optoelectronic device 30 to protect the light-emitting device 10 and the optoelectronic device 30 from moisture and / or oxygen. The sealing portion 300 may include: an inorganic film including silicon nitride (e.g., Si3N4 or SiN x , where 0 < x ≤ 2), silicon oxide (e.g., SiO x, where 0 < x ≤ 2; for example, SiO2), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, or any combination thereof; an organic film, the organic film including polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resin (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate and / or polyacrylic acid, etc.), epoxy resin (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE), etc.), or any combination thereof; or any combination of an inorganic film and an organic film.

[0540] The light-emitting device 10 can emit light L1, light L2, and light L3. For example, light L1, light L2, and light L3 can each be red light, green light, blue light, or near-infrared light.

[0541] The light L3 among the emitted lights L1, L2, and L3 can be incident on an object 600 outside the electronic device. For example, the object 600 can be the finger of a user of the electronic device. The light L3' reflected by the object 600 can be incident on the optoelectronic device 30.

[0542] The photosensitive layer 135 can absorb the light L3' incident on the optoelectronic device 30 to form or provide excitons. Excitons can generate holes and electrons. For example, the photosensitive layer 135 can absorb light to generate an electrical signal. More specifically, the first compound included in the photosensitive layer 135 can be used as a donor to supply electrons, and the second compound included in the photosensitive layer 135 can be used as an acceptor to receive electrons. For example, the optoelectronic device 30 can detect the energy of the light L3' and convert the detected energy into an electrical signal. In one or more embodiments, the optoelectronic device 30 can identify the object 600 in contact (or close to) the electronic device. In one or more embodiments, the optoelectronic device 30 including the photosensitive layer 135 can be used as an optical sensor (e.g., a fingerprint recognition sensor).

[0543] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments.

[0544] The electronic device in FIG. 6 is substantially the same as the electronic device in FIG. 5, except that the light-shielding pattern 500 and the functional region 400 are additionally arranged or provided on the sealing portion 300. The functional region 400 can be i) a color filter region, ii) a color conversion region, or iii) a combination of a color filter region and a color conversion region. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting device 10 included in the electronic device in FIG. 6 can be a series light-emitting device.

[0545] Description of FIG. 7

[0546] Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of an electronic device 1 including an optoelectronic device according to one or more embodiments. As a device for displaying moving and / or still images, the electronic device 1 may be a portable electronic device (such as a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet PC, mobile communication terminal, e-notebook computer, e-reader, portable multimedia player (PMP), navigation and / or ultra-mobile PC (UMPC)), and one or more suitable products (such as a television, laptop computer, monitor, billboard and / or Internet of Things (IoT) device). The electronic device 1 may be such a product or a portion thereof as described in one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the electronic device 1 may be a wearable device (such as a smartwatch, watch phone, eyeglass-type or eyeglass-like display and / or head-mounted display (HMD)) or a part of a wearable device. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, electronic device 1 may include a center information display (CID) arranged or provided on the instrument panel and center console or dashboard of the vehicle, an interior rearview mirror display replacing the side mirrors of the vehicle, an entertainment display for the rear seats of the vehicle, a display arranged or provided on the back of the front seats, a head-up display (HUD) mounted on the front of the vehicle or projected onto the windshield, or a computer-generated holographic augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For ease of explanation, Figure 7 illustrates one or more embodiments in which electronic device 1 is a smartphone.

[0547] Electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The display device may implement an image by a two-dimensional arrangement or by providing an array of multiple pixels in the display area DA.

[0548] The non-display area NDA may be an area where no image is displayed and may completely surround (e.g., completely encircle) the display area DA. Within the non-display area NDA, drivers for providing electrical signals or power to display elements arranged or provided in the display area DA may be arranged or provided. Within the non-display area NDA, pads for electrically connecting electronic components or printed circuit boards may be arranged or provided.

[0549] In electronic device 1, the length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction may be different from each other. For example, as shown in FIG7, the length in the x-axis direction may be less than the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be substantially the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In one or more embodiments, the length in the x-axis direction may be greater than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0550] Description of Figures 8 and 9A to 9C

[0551] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle 1000, which is an electronic device including an optoelectronic device according to one or more embodiments. Figures 9A to 9C are schematic diagrams of the interior of the vehicle 1000 according to one or more embodiments.

[0552] Referring to Figures 8, 9A, 9B, and 9C, vehicle 1000 can refer to one or more suitable devices used to move an object (such as a person, object, and / or animal) from a point of origin to a point of destination. Vehicle 1000 may include vehicles that travel on roads or tracks, vessels that move on oceans or rivers, and / or aircraft that fly in the air using the action of air.

[0553] Vehicle 1000 can travel on roads or tracks. Vehicle 1000 can move in a specific (e.g., set or predetermined) direction depending on the rotation of at least one wheel. For example, vehicle 1000 may include three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles, construction machinery, two-wheeled vehicles, prime movers, bicycles, and trains traveling on tracks.

[0554] Vehicle 1000 may include a body having an interior and an exterior, and a chassis, which houses mechanical equipment desired or necessary for driving, as other parts besides the body of vehicle 1000. The exterior of the vehicle 1000's body may include a front panel, hood, roof panel, rear panel, trunk, and / or pillars provided at the boundaries between doors. The chassis of vehicle 1000 may include a power generation unit, power transmission unit, drive unit, steering unit, braking unit, suspension unit, transmission unit, fuel system, front and rear wheels, and / or left and right wheels.

[0555] Vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side mirror 1300, instrument panel 1400, center console 1500, passenger seat instrument panel 1600 and display device 2.

[0556] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 can be separated by arranging or providing a strut between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200.

[0557] Side window 1100 may be mounted on the side of vehicle 1000. In one or more embodiments, side window 1100 may be mounted on a door of vehicle 1000. Multiple side window 1100s may be provided and may be opposite to each other (e.g., facing each other). In one or more embodiments, side window 1100 may include a first side window 1110 and a second side window 1120. In one or more embodiments, the first side window 1110 may be arranged or provided adjacent to dashboard 1400. The second side window 1120 may be arranged or provided adjacent to passenger seat dashboard 1600.

[0558] In one or more embodiments, the side window glass 1100 may be spaced apart and / or separated from each other in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction (e.g., spaced apart or separated). For example, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may be spaced apart and / or separated from each other in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction (e.g., spaced apart or separated). For example, an imaginary straight line L connecting the side window glass 1100 may extend in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. For example, an imaginary straight line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may extend in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction.

[0559] The windshield 1200 may be installed at the front of the vehicle 1000. The windshield 1200 may be arranged or provided between the side windows 1100 that are opposite to each other (e.g., facing each other).

[0560] The side mirror 1300 provides a rear view of the vehicle 1000. The side mirror 1300 may be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle body. In one or more embodiments, a plurality of side mirrors 1300 may be provided. Any one of the plurality of side mirrors 1300 may be arranged or provided outside the first side window 1110. Another of the plurality of side mirrors 1300 may be arranged or provided outside the second side window 1120.

[0561] The instrument panel 1400 may be arranged or provided in front of the steering wheel. The instrument panel 1400 may include a tachometer, speedometer, coolant temperature gauge, fuel gauge, turn signal indicator, high beam indicator, warning lights, seat belt warning lights, odometer, driving recorder, automatic transmission selection indicator, door opening warning light, oil warning light and / or low fuel warning light.

[0562] The center console 1500 may include a control panel on which multiple buttons for adjusting audio devices, air conditioning devices, and seat heaters are arranged or provided. The center console 1500 may be arranged or provided on one side of the instrument panel 1400.

[0563] The passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be spaced apart from and / or separated from the instrument cluster 1400 (e.g., spaced apart or separate), and the center console 1500 is arranged or provided between the instrument cluster 1400 and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. In one or more embodiments, the instrument cluster 1400 may be arranged or provided corresponding to the driver's seat, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be arranged or provided corresponding to the passenger seat. In one or more embodiments, the instrument cluster 1400 may be adjacent to a first side window 1110, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may be adjacent to a second side window 1120.

[0564] In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 may display images. The display device 2 may be arranged or provided inside the vehicle 1000. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 may be arranged or provided between side window glass 1100s that are opposite to each other (e.g., facing each other). The display device 2 may be arranged or provided on at least one selected from the instrument panel 1400, the center console 1500, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0565] Display device 2 may include organic light-emitting display devices, inorganic light-emitting display devices, and / or quantum dot display devices, etc. Hereinafter, as an example of display device 2 according to one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting display device including an optoelectronic device according to one or more embodiments will be described in more detail; however, one or more suitable types or kinds of display devices described herein may be used in one or more embodiments.

[0566] Referring to Figure 9A, the display device 2 may be arranged or provided on the center console 1500. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 may display navigation information. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 may display information about audio settings, video settings, and / or vehicle settings.

[0567] Referring to Figure 9B, the display device 2 may be arranged or provided on the instrument panel 1400. In one or more embodiments, the instrument panel 1400 may display driving information, etc., via the display device 2. For example, the instrument panel 1400 may digitally display driving information, etc. The instrument panel 1400 may digitally display vehicle information and driving information as images. For example, the tachometer pointer and gauges, as well as one or more appropriate warning light icons, may be displayed via digital signals.

[0568] Referring to Figure 9C, the display device 2 may be arranged or provided on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. The display device 2 may be embedded in the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 or arranged or provided on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 arranged or provided on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may display images related to the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center console 1500. In one or more embodiments, the display device 2 arranged or provided on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 may display information different from the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center console 1500.

[0569] Manufacturing method

[0570] The layers included in the hole transport region 120, the emission layer 130, the layers included in the photosensitive layer 135, and / or the layers included in the electron transport region 140 may be formed or provided in specific regions (e.g., designated or predetermined regions) using one or more suitable methods (e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI)). In one or more embodiments, both the emission layer 130 and the layers included in the photosensitive layer 135 may be formed or provided (e.g., simultaneously) by vacuum deposition.

[0571] If (for example, when) the layers included in the hole transport region 120, the emission layer 130, the layers included in the photosensitive layer 135, and / or the layers included in the electron transport region 140 are formed or provided by vacuum deposition, the deposition can be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100°C to about 500°C, and at a deposition temperature of about 10°C. -8 To about 10 -3 The vacuum degree and about to approximately The deposition rate is determined by the materials included in the layer to be formed or provided and the structure of the layer to be formed or provided.

[0572] Terminology limitations

[0573] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group consisting only of carbon atoms as cyclic atoms (e.g., composed only of carbon atoms as cyclic atoms) and having 3 to 60 carbon atoms. As used herein, the term "C1-C..." 60 A "heterocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further comprising heteroatoms as cyclic atoms in addition to carbon atoms. (C3-C) 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups can each be a monocyclic group comprising one ring (e.g., composed of one ring) or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings are fused together. For example, C1-C 60 The number of cyclic atoms in a heterocyclic group can range from 3 to 61.

[0574] As used herein, the term "cyclic group" may (e.g., simultaneously) include C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Both heterocyclic groups.

[0575] As used in this article, “π-electron-rich C3-C” 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and excluding *-N=*' as the cyclic part.

[0576] As used in this article, "π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic group" refers to a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including *-N=*' as a cyclic moiety.

[0577] For example,

[0578] C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be i) group T1 or ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused together (e.g., cyclopentadienyl, adamantyl, norbornel, phenyl, pentaenyl, naphthyl, azuleyl, indaryl, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenantyl, peryl, penfenyl, heptaenyl, tetraphenyl, framyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, keratyl, ovoleyl, indole, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indophenantyl, or indoanthrayl).

[0579] C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group can be i) group T2, ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T2 are fused together, or iii) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T2 and at least one group T1 are fused together (e.g., pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indocarbazole, indolecarbazole, benzofuranocarbazole, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzoindocarbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthothiophene, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl, benzofuranyl... Brønsted dibenzothiophene, benzothiophene dibenzothiophene, pyrazolyl, imidazole, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzyl (e.g., benzo[i]isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzo[i]quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzo[i]quinoxalinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cenolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazo[i]pyridinyl, imidazo[i]pyrimidinyl, imidazo[i]triazinyl, imidazo[i]pyrazinyl, imidazo[i]pyridazinyl, azacarbazoyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiopheneyl, azadibenzothiopheneyl and / or azadibenzofuranyl, etc.)

[0580] C3-C rich in π electrons 60The cyclic group may be i) group T1, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused together, iii) group T3, iv) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T3 are fused together, or v) a fused ring group in which at least one group T3 and at least one group T1 are fused together (e.g., C3-C). 60 Carbocyclic, 1H-pyrrole, thiorrole, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiorrole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiorrole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indole-carbazole, benzofuran-carbazole, benzothiophene-carbazole, benzothiorrole-carbazole, benzoindole-carbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthorrole, benzofuran-dibenzofuranyl, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene and / or benzothiophene-dibenzothiophene, etc.

[0581] Nitrogen-containing C1-C lacking π electrons 60 The heterocyclic group may be i) group T4, ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T4 are fused together, iii) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T4 and at least one group T1 are fused together, iv) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T4 and at least one group T3 are fused together, or v) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T4, at least one group T1 and at least one group T3 are fused together (e.g., pyrazolyl, imidazole, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl). (e.g., benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinel, cinolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzothiophene, and / or azadibenzofuranyl).

[0582] Group T1 can be cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane), norbornyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or phenyl.

[0583] The group T2 can be furanyl, thiophene, 1H-pyrrolyl, thiophene, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, azathiophene, azaboracyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, tetraazinyl, pyrrolylalkyl, imidazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyridinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, or dihydropyrazinyl.

[0584] The group T3 can be furanyl, thiophene, 1H-pyrrole, thiophene, or borocyclopentadienyl.

[0585] The group T4 can be 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, azirthiolyl, aziboranecyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or tetraazinyl.

[0586] As used in this article, the terms "cyclic group" and "C3-C" are similar to those used in other documents. 60 "Carbocyclic group", "C1-C" 60 Heterocyclic groups, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 "Cyclic groups" or "nitrogen-containing C1-C groups lacking π electrons" 60 "Heterocyclic group" refers to a group that is fused with any cyclic group, monovalent group, or polyvalent group (e.g., divalent, trivalent, and / or tetravalent groups, etc.) according to the structure of the formula using the corresponding term.

[0587] For example, "phenyl" can be benzo[a], phenyl and / or phenylene, etc., which can be readily understood by those skilled in the art based on the structure of formulas including "phenyl".

[0588] Unit price C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0589] Divalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and divalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 Hypoaryl, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups and divalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0590] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkyl" refers to a monovalent group of a straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodel, sec-decyl and / or tert-decyl, etc.

[0591] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "alkylene" refers to C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure. For example, the term "C1 alkylene" refers to -CH2-.

[0592] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" refers to the group formed at C2-C. 60 The alkyl group has at least one monovalent hydrocarbon group with a carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end, and examples of such groups may include vinyl, propenyl and / or butenyl groups.

[0593] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" refers to C2-C 60 Alkenyl groups have the same divalent structure

[0594] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group at C2-C 60 The alkyl group has at least one monovalent hydrocarbon group with a carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end, and examples may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, etc.

[0595] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Immyneyl" refers to C2-C 60 The alkynyl group is a divalent group with the same structure.

[0596] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" refers to the compound formed by -OA 101 (where A)101 For C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups, and examples of them may include methoxy, ethoxy, and / or isopropoxy, etc.

[0597] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples of such groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl and / or bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, etc.

[0598] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups have the same divalent structure.

[0599] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group consisting of 1 to 10 carbon atoms that further include at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and examples of such groups may include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and / or tetrahydrothiophenyl, etc.

[0600] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups have divalent groups with the same structure.

[0601] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring, and being non-aromatic, and examples may include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and / or cycloheptenyl, etc.

[0602] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Biopylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0603] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group consisting of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in addition to a carbon atom, as a cyclic atom and including at least one double bond in its ring. C1-C 10 Examples of heterocyclic alkenyl groups may include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, and / or 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl, etc.

[0604] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups are divalent groups with the same structure.

[0605] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" refers to a monovalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.

[0606] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aromatic" refers to a divalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.

[0607] C6-C 60 Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, pentanenyl, naphthyl, azulel, indole, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, phenanthryl, anthracene, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, peryl, pentanenyl, heptanenyl, tetraphenyl, fraxyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, myristyl, and / or ovophenyl, etc.

[0608] If (for example, when) C6-C 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 Each of the aryl groups comprises two or more rings (when), and the two or more rings may fused together.

[0609] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent group in a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms.

[0610] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Hypo-heteroaryl" refers to a divalent group in a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms.

[0611] C1-C 60 Examples of heteroaryl groups may include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, cyclolinyl, phenanthrolinel, phthalazinyl and / or naphridinyl, etc.

[0612] If (for example, when) C1-C 60 heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When each heteroaryl group comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings may fused together.

[0613] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused together, with only carbon atoms as cyclic atoms, and lacking aromaticity throughout its molecular structure (e.g., having 8 to 60 carbon atoms). Examples of monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups may include indenyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, indo[a]phenanthryl, and / or indo[a]anthrayl, etc.

[0614] As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group that has the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0615] As used herein, the term “monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group” refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused together, further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and having no aromaticity throughout its molecular structure (e.g., having 1 to 60 carbon atoms). Examples of monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups may include pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazole, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl. Benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazoyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazoyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indolecarbazoyl, indolocarbazoyl, benzofuranocarbazoyl, benzothiophenocarbazoyl, benzothiophenocarbazoyl, benzoindolocarbazoyl, benzocarbazoyl, benzonaphthiophenyl, benzonaphthiophenyl, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl, benzofuranodibenzothiophenyl and / or benzothiophenodibenzothiophenyl, etc.

[0616] As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group.

[0617] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy group" refers to -OA 102 (where A) 102 For C6-C 60 Aryl).

[0618] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Arylthio" refers to -SA 103 (where A) 103For C6-C 60 Aryl).

[0619] As used in this article, the term "C7-C" 60 "Aryl group" refers to -A 104 A 105 (where A) 104 For C1-C 54 Alkylene, and A 105 For C6-C 59 Aryl).

[0620] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" refers to -A 106 A 107 (where A) 106 For C1-C 59 Alkylene, and A 107 For C1-C 59 (Miscellaneous aromatics).

[0621] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group" includes C3-C 50 carbonyl group, C3-C 40 carbonyl group, C3-C 30 carbonyl group, C3-C 20 carbonyl group or C3-C 10 carbon cyclo group;

[0622] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic groups" include C1-C 50 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 40 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 30 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 20 Heterocyclic groups or C1-C 10 Heterocyclic groups;

[0623] The term "C1-C" 60 "alkyl" includes C1-C 50 Alkyl, C1-C 30 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl or C1-C 10 alkyl;

[0624] The term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" includes C2-C 30 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl or C2-C 10 alkenyl;

[0625] The term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" includes C2-C 30 alkynyl group, C2-C20 alkynyl or C2-C 10 alkynyl group;

[0626] The term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" includes C1-C 30 Alkoxy, C1-C 20 Alkoxy or C1-C 10 Alkoxy;

[0627] The term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" includes C6-C 50 Aryl, C6-C 40 Aryl, C6-C 30 Aryl, C6-C 20 Aryl or C6-C 15 Aryl;

[0628] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroary aryl" includes C1-C 50 heteroaryl, C1-C 40 heteroaryl, C1-C 30 heteroaryl, C1-C 20 heteroaryl or C1-C 10 Mixed aromatics;

[0629] "Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups" include C8-C 60 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 50 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 40 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 30 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups or C8-C 20 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups;

[0630] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group" includes C1-C 60 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 50 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 40 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 30 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups or C1-C 20 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups;

[0631] The term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy groups" include C6-C 50 Aryloxy group, C6-C 40 Aryloxy group, C6-C 30 Aryloxy group, C6-C 20 aryloxy or C6-C 15 aryloxy;

[0632] The term "C6-C" 60 "Arylthio" includes C6-C 50 Arylthio, C6-C 40 Arylthio, C6-C 30 Arylthio, C6-C 20 Aryl thiols or C6-C 15 Arylthio;

[0633] The term "C7-C" 60 "Aryl" includes C7-C 50 Aryl group, C7-C 40 Aryl group, C7-C 30 Aryl group, C7-C 20 Aryl or C7-C 15 Aryl alkyl groups; and

[0634] The term "C2-C" 60 "Heteroarylene" includes C2-C 50 Heteroaryl, C2-C 40 Heteroaryl, C2-C 30 Heteroaryl, C2-C 20 Heteroaryl or C2-C 15 Heteroalkyl groups.

[0635] As used in this article, the term "R" 10a "Can be:

[0636] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0637] Each of the following C1-C that is not substituted or is substituted: 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11-S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0638] Each of the following C3-Cs that are not substituted or are substituted by: 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0639] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ).

[0640] The Q1 to Q3 and Q used in this article 11 To Q 13 Q 21To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently:

[0641] Hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 alkoxy; or

[0642] Each of the unsubstituted or replaced groups (deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C) 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups.

[0643] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" refers to an atom other than carbon and hydrogen atoms. Examples of heteroatoms may include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

[0644] As used herein, the term "transition metal" may include hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), and / or gold (Au), etc.

[0645] As used herein, the term "Ph" refers to phenyl, "Me" refers to methyl, "Et" refers to ethyl, and "tert-Bu" or "Bu" refers to ethyl. t "Refers to tert-butyl, and as used herein, the term "OMe" refers to methyl methacrylate (MMA).

[0646] As used herein, the term "biphenyl" refers to a phenyl group that has been substituted with a phenyl group. For example, "biphenyl" can be a phenyl group having a C6-C2 configuration. 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0647] As used herein, the term "terphenyl" refers to a "phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group." For example, "terphenyl" can refer to a phenyl group having a C6-C substituted biphenyl group. 60 Aryl-substituted C6-C 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0648] Unless otherwise specified, as used herein, * and *' each refer to the binding site of the adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or part.

[0649] As used herein, the terms “x-axis,” “y-axis,” and “z-axis” are not limited to the three axes in an orthogonal coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense than the three axes in an orthogonal coordinate system described above. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis can describe axes that are orthogonal to each other, or they can describe axes in different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0650] In this specification, "integers selected from 0 to 10" refers to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The above description of numerical ranges also applies to any other numerical ranges appearing in this specification, such as integers selected from 0 and 1, integers selected from 0 to 2, integers selected from 0 to 3, integers selected from 0 to 4, integers selected from 0 to 5, integers selected from 0 to 6, integers selected from 0 to 7, integers selected from 0 to 8, integers selected from 0 to 9, and integers selected from 0 to 10, etc.

[0651] The following description will use synthetic examples and embodiments to describe in more detail the fluorine compounds according to one or more embodiments and the optoelectronic devices according to one or more embodiments. As used in the description of synthetic examples, the phrase "using B instead of A" means using the same molar equivalent of B instead of A.

[0652] Synthesis Example 1 (Synthesis of Compound F1)

[0653]

[0654] 1. Dissolve a mixture of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoic acid (1 g, 4.72 mmol) and ethylene glycol (0.13 g, 2.12 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (DCM, 100 mL) at room temperature by stirring.

[0655] 2. Add 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (57 mg, 0.47 mmol) to the solution and stir for 30 minutes.

[0656] 3. Cool the reaction mixture to 0°C and add N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (1M, 5.2mL, 5.2mmol) to it under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0657] 4. Stir the mixture for 12 hours.

[0658] 5. After adding water to the reaction mixture, the mixture is extracted using dichloromethane.

[0659] 6. The extracted organic layer is concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product.

[0660] 7. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate / n-hexane (volume ratio 1:10) as the eluent.

[0661] 8. Compound F1 (0.68 g, 71.1%) was obtained as a colorless solid.

[0662] Synthesis Example 2 (Synthesis of Compound F2)

[0663]

[0664] 1. Dissolve a mixture of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoic acid (1 g, 4.72 mmol) and pentaerythritol (0.12 g, 0.94 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (DCM, 100 mL) at room temperature by stirring.

[0665] 2. Add DMAP (57 mg, 0.47 mmol) to the solution and stir for 30 minutes.

[0666] 3. Cool the reaction mixture to 0°C and add N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (1M, 5.2mL, 5.2mmol) to it under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0667] 4. Stir the mixture for 12 hours.

[0668] 5. After adding water to the reaction mixture, the mixture is extracted using dichloromethane.

[0669] 6. Concentrate the extracted organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product.

[0670] 7. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate / n-hexane (volume ratio 1:10) as the eluent.

[0671] 8. Compound F2 (0.21 g, 24.4%) was obtained as a colorless solid.

[0672] Synthesis Example 3 (Synthesis of Compound F3)

[0673]

[0674] 1. Dissolve a mixture of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoic acid (1 g, 4.72 mmol) and dipentaerythritol (0.14 g, 0.56 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (DCM, 100 mL) at room temperature by stirring.

[0675] 2. Add DMAP (57 mg, 0.47 mmol) to the solution and stir for 30 minutes.

[0676] 3. Cool the reaction mixture to 0°C and add N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (1M, 5.2mL, 5.2mmol) to it under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0677] 4. Stir the mixture for 12 hours.

[0678] 5. After adding water to the reaction mixture, the mixture is extracted using dichloromethane.

[0679] 6. Concentrate the extracted organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product.

[0680] 7. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate / n-hexane (volume ratio 1:5) as the eluent.

[0681] 8. Compound F3 (0.15 g, 18.6%) was obtained as a colorless solid.

[0682] Synthesis Example 4 (Synthesis of Compound F4)

[0683]

[0684] 1. Dissolve a mixture of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzoic acid (1 g, 4.72 mmol) and tripentaerythritol (0.17 g, 0.47 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (DCM, 100 mL) at room temperature by stirring.

[0685] 2. Add DMAP (57 mg, 0.47 mmol) to the solution and stir for 30 minutes.

[0686] 3. Cool the reaction mixture to 0°C and add N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (1M, 5.2mL, 5.2mmol) to it under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0687] 4. Stir the mixture for 12 hours.

[0688] 5. After adding water to the reaction mixture, the mixture is extracted using dichloromethane.

[0689] 6. Concentrate the extracted organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product.

[0690] 7. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate / n-hexane (volume ratio 1:5) as the eluent.

[0691] 8. Compound F4 (0.14 g, 15.4%) was obtained as a colorless solid.

[0692] For the compounds synthesized according to Synthetic Examples 1 to 4 1 The 1H NMR measurement results are shown in Table 1. Those skilled in the art can easily identify the synthetic methods for compounds other than those in Synthetic Examples 1 to 4 by referring to the synthetic routes and raw materials.

[0693] Table 1

[0694]

[0695] Comparative Example 1

[0696] As the anode, a 15Ω / cm anode is formed or provided on it. 2 The ITO glass substrate (a Corning product) is cut to a size of 50mm × 50mm × 0.7mm, ultrasonically treated with isopropanol and pure water for 5 minutes each, cleaned by irradiation with ultraviolet light and exposure to ozone for 30 minutes, and then mounted on a vacuum deposition equipment.

[0697] A p-doper is vacuum-deposited on the anode to form or provide a hole injection layer, and 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (hereinafter referred to as NPB) is vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form or provide a hole transport layer.

[0698] A first compound (donor) as described herein is vacuum-deposited on a hole transport layer to form or provide a first layer, and a second compound (acceptor) as described herein is vacuum-deposited on the first layer to form or provide a second layer, thereby forming or providing a photosensitive layer. Alq3 is vacuum-deposited on the photosensitive layer to form or provide a buffer layer, and LiF is vacuum-deposited on the buffer layer to form or provide an electron transport layer. Al is vacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form or provide a cathode, thereby completing the fabrication of the optoelectronic device.

[0699] Examples 1 to 3

[0700] The optoelectronic device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that when forming or providing the photosensitive layer, compound F2 was vacuum deposited on the first layer to form or provide a fluorine layer having a thickness as shown in Table 2, and then a second layer was formed or provided on the fluorine layer.

[0701] Examples 4 to 6

[0702] The optoelectronic device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that when forming or providing the photosensitive layer, compound F3 was vacuum deposited on the first layer to form or provide a fluorine layer having a thickness as shown in Table 2, and then a second layer was formed or provided on the fluorine layer.

[0703] Examples 7 and 8

[0704] The optoelectronic device was manufactured in essentially the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that when forming or providing the photosensitive layer, compound F4 was vacuum deposited on the first layer to form or provide a fluorine layer having a thickness as shown in Table 2, and then a second layer was formed or provided on the fluorine layer.

[0705] Evaluation Example 1

[0706] For the optoelectronic devices manufactured in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 8, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements and deposition temperatures during the formation or arrangement of the photosensitive layer are shown in Table 2. EQE refers to the proportion of electrical energy generated by the energy of the irradiated light.

[0707] The photoelectric device was illuminated by a xenon lamp, and the EQE was measured using an EQE meter (K3100, McScience, Korea). The current converted during illumination was measured using an ammeter (Keithley, Tektronix, USA). The EQE was calculated based on the wavelength using the illumination light and the measured current, and the results are shown in Figures 10A to 10C. The EQE at the maximum peak is shown in Table 2.

[0708] More specifically, the EQE is calculated using the photoreactivity calculated according to Equation 2, based on Equation 1:

[0709] Equation 1

[0710]

[0711] Equation 2

[0712]

[0713] In Equation 1, EQE indicates the external quantum efficiency, h indicates Planck's constant, c indicates the speed of light in vacuum, q indicates the fundamental quantity of charge, R indicates photoreactivity, and λ indicates the wavelength of the incident light.

[0714] In Equation 2, R indicates photoreactivity, i ph Indicates the current during light irradiation, i d P indicates the dark current, and P indicates the energy of the incident light.

[0715] Table 2

[0716] Fluorine Compound Thickness (nm) Deposition Temperature (°C) EQE (%, at -3V) Comparative Example 1 --- 33.1 Example 1 F2 130 948.1 Example 2 F2 230 934.6 Example 3 F2 330 934.2 Example 4 F3 132 947.1 Example 5 F3 332 973.1 Example 6 F3 532 955.4 Example 7 F4 233 847.0 Example 8 F4 333 873.1 surface

[0717] Referring to Table 2 and Figures 10A to 10C, it was confirmed that the optoelectronic devices according to Examples 1 to 8 (including compounds F2 to F4, which are fluorine compounds represented by formula F as described herein) have an effectively increased EQE compared to the optoelectronic device according to Comparative Example 1 (excluding fluorine compounds).

[0718] Photoelectric devices can have increased or enhanced exciton separation efficiency. Even at low voltages, the amount of charge generated through exciton separation and reaching the electrode through the thick organic layer can be increased. For example, photoelectric devices can have improved or enhanced EQE.

[0719] In one or more embodiments, because the fluorine compounds represented by Formula F have suitable or appropriate deposition temperatures, optoelectronic devices comprising fluorine compounds can be readily manufactured without reducing the lifespan of the optoelectronic devices.

[0720] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only and are not intended for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects in each embodiment should generally be considered in light of other similar features or aspects that may be used in other embodiments. Although the subject matter of this disclosure has been described with reference to the figures, those skilled in the art will understand that one or more suitable changes in form and further detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photoelectric device, comprising: First electrode; A second electrode opposite to the first electrode; A photosensitive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; And fluorine compounds represented by formula F: Formula F In formula F, Y1 is selected from groups represented by formula FY, hydrogen, deuterium, -F, unsubstituted groups, or groups substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and unsubstituted or substituted groups with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, and Z1 is selected from groups represented by the free formula FZ, hydrogen, deuterium, -F, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and unsubstituted or substituted groups with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, formula FY Formula FZ In formulas F, FY, and FZ, Ar1 to Ar6 are each independently selected from C6-C substituted with at least two -F groups. 60 aryl and C2-C substituted with at least two -F groups 60 Heteroaryl alkyl groups, L1, L2, L 31 To L 35 L4 and L4 are each independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, n1, n2, n31 to n35 and n4 are each independently 0 or 1, T1 is O or S, a1 is an integer selected from 0 to 10, R 10a It is: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, or nitro; each of the following unsubstituted or substituted C1-C groups. 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof; each of the following unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ), Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each of the following can be independently identified as: hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkyl groups; or each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C3-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl, and * indicates the bonding site with adjacent atoms.

2. The optoelectronic device according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises the fluorine compound.

3. The optoelectronic device according to claim 1, further comprising a first compound different from the fluorine compound and absorbing light having wavelengths in the range of 400 nm to 1,000 nm.

4. The photoelectric device according to claim 3, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises: A fluorine layer; and a first layer between the first electrode and the fluorine layer, wherein the fluorine layer comprises the fluorine compound, and the first layer comprises the first compound.

5. The optoelectronic device according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the fluorine layer is less than the thickness of the first layer.

6. The optoelectronic device according to claim 1, further comprising a second compound that is different from the fluorine compound and is not a fullerene compound.

7. The photoelectric device according to claim 6, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises: Second layer; And a fluorine layer between the first electrode and the second layer, wherein the fluorine layer comprises the fluorine compound, and the second layer comprises the second compound.

8. The optoelectronic device according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the fluorine layer is less than the thickness of the second layer.

9. The optoelectronic device according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine compound does not include any one selected from -Cl, -Br, -I and cyano.

10. The photoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein, In formulas F, FY, and FZ, Ar1 to Ar6 are each independently selected from C6-C substituted with at least five -F groups. 60 aryl and C2-C substituted with at least five -F groups 60 Heteroalkyl groups.

11. The photoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein, In formulas F, FY, and FZ, Ar1 to Ar6 are each independently substituted with at least two -F groups: phenyl; naphthyl; anthraceneyl; phenanthrene; tetraphenyl; 1,2-benzophenanthrene; pyrene; pyridyl; pyrimidinyl; triazine; pyrazinyl; quinolinyl; isoquinolinyl; quinazolinyl; or quinoxalinyl.

12. The photoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein, In equations F, FY, and FZ, n1, n2, n31 to n35, and n4 are each 1.

13. The photoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein, In equation FY, T1 is 0.

14. The photoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein, In formula FY, a1 is an integer selected from 0 to 3.

15. The photoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein the fluorine compound is selected from compound F1 to compound F4:

16. An electronic device comprising an optoelectronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The electronic device of claim 16, further comprising a light-emitting device, the light-emitting device comprising an emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and not overlapping with the photosensitive layer.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the photoelectric device further comprises: A first hole transport region between the first electrode and the photosensitive layer; The light-emitting device further includes a first electron transport region between the photosensitive layer and the second electrode, and a second hole transport region between the first electrode and the emitting layer. And a second electron transport region between the emitter layer and the second electrode.

19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the first hole transport region and the second hole transport region are a common layer, and the first electron transport region and the second electron transport region are another common layer.

20. An electronic device comprising the electronic device according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the electronic device is selected from flat panel displays, curved displays, computer monitors, medical monitors, televisions, billboards, indoor lights, outdoor lights, signal lights, head-up displays, fully transparent displays, partially transparent displays, flexible displays, rollable displays, foldable displays, retractable displays, laser printers, telephones, mobile phones, tablet computers, phablet computers, personal digital assistants, wearable devices, laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, microdisplays, 3D displays, virtual reality displays, augmented reality displays, vehicles, video walls comprising multiple displays joined together, theater screens, stadium screens, phototherapy devices, signs, automotive sensors, home sensors, and solar cells.

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