Biostimulant compositions and methods of use

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition comprising (i) seaweed, (ii) oil, and (iii) at least two surfactants wherein the pH of the composition ranges from about 3 to about 6. Optionally, the composition further comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier and / or additive, such as a chelating agent and / or a rheological aid. The invention also relates to a method and use of seed treatment of a plant biostimulant composition for mitigating abiotic stress or managing crop productivity.

Description

[0001] Invention Field

[0002] This invention generally relates to compositions, and more specifically to biostimulant compositions, which can be used to prevent or mitigate the effects of abiotic stress in plants and / or plant seeds, as well as for crop productivity management. Background of the Invention

[0004] Plant biostimulants are products that can enhance flowering, plant growth, fruit set, crop productivity, and nutrient utilization efficiency (NUE), and can also improve tolerance to various abiotic stressors.

[0005] In recent years, agriculture has faced multiple challenges: increasing productivity to meet a growing global population and improving resource efficiency while reducing environmental impacts on ecosystems and human health. Indeed, fertilizers and pesticides play a crucial role in agricultural production, serving as effective tools for growers to increase yields and ensure sustained productivity across seasons under optimal and suboptimal conditions. A promising and environmentally friendly innovation is the use of natural plant biostimulants (PB) – seaweed extracts are considered one such biostimulant (Rouphael et al., Frontiers in Plant Science, February 2020, Vol. 11, No. 40, doi: 10.3389 / fpls.2020.00040).

[0006] The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines food security as "the state of being in which all people, at all times, have adequate, safe and nutritious food at the material, social and economic levels to meet their dietary needs and preferences and to live an active and healthy life." Climate change affects agriculture and food production in complex ways. It directly affects food output by altering agroecological conditions and indirectly affects food production by influencing income growth and distribution patterns, thereby affecting the demand for agricultural products. (Schmidhuber et al., PNAS, 2007, Vol. 104, No. 50, pp. 19703-19708, www.pnas.org / cgi / doi / 10.1073 / pnas.0701976104).

[0007] Climate change and food security are two major challenges of the 21st century. By the end of 2050, the world's population is projected to reach 9 billion, and food demand is expected to increase by 85%. The agricultural sector is highly threatened by the increasing frequency of droughts, heavy rainfall, temperature fluctuations, salinity, and pest infestations of major food crops (Ullah et al., Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 2021, Vol. 5, Item 618092, doi: 10.3389 / fsufs.2021.618092).

[0008] Drought, heat, cold, and salt stress leading to reduced plant water availability can directly impact crop growth and productivity. Some plants have evolved mechanisms to mitigate some of these stresses. However, prolonged exposure of crops / plants to any of these abiotic stressors related to water availability can negatively affect growth, productivity, and yield.

[0009] The best solution to the problem lies in creating high plant productivity in agriculture to meet the world's growing food demand. In recent decades, the agrochemical industry has created fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, such as insecticides and fungicides. However, in recent years, primarily due to resistance and toxicity, an increasing number of synthetic pesticides have been banned in most markets worldwide, while the introduction of new compounds has not been fast enough.

[0010] Currently, seaweed extracts (SE) are widely used as plant biostimulants. Biostimulants are defined as "any substance or microorganism applied to plants, regardless of its nutrient content, intended to improve nutrient efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and / or crop quality traits." Seaweed extracts account for over 33% of the global biostimulant market. Furthermore, it is estimated that seaweed, or macroalgae, comprises nearly 10,000 species, primarily classified into three groups based on their coloration: Phaeophyta (brown), Rhodophyta (red), and Chlorophyta (green). Brown algae include *Phaeophyta* (…). Ascophyllum) Fucus vesiculosus ( Fucus ) and kelp ( Laminaria ) as the main group

[0011] Seaweed extracts have complex biochemical components (polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins, oils, fats, acids, antioxidants, pigments, hormones). Seaweed extracts can be applied to soil and / or plants as foliar sprays and / or seed treatment applications. They have positive effects on soil conservation and remediation, as well as on soil microbial communities; they can serve as nutrient sources; and they can exhibit hormonal effects (El Boukhari et al., Plants 2020, 9, 359; doi:10.3390 / plants9030359).

[0012] The direct link between high concentrations of seaweed extracts and concentrated extracts and enhanced vigor is known. However, no method has been described in the art for obtaining stable, compatible agrochemical products based on seaweed extracts. Seed treatments require good adhesion to seeds to a) reduce operator exposure and b) ensure the product is usable for seeds at appropriate developmental stages. Precipitation is common in seaweed extract formulations; good storage stability is required to ensure the product is suitable for commercial environments. Existing liquid extracts are unsuitable due to high dust-off when applied to seeds and instability during storage.

[0013] EP 4041700 A1 discloses *Leptochloa crus-galli* with 18% to 36% dry matter content. Ascophyllum nodosum Concentrated extracts, and their uses alone as biostimulants and in combination with other substances.

[0014] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field to provide stable formulations of effective, stable and compatible seaweed extracts. Summary of the Invention

[0015] It has now been discovered that, according to the present invention, a unique system comprising seaweed, oil, at least two surfactants, and a specific pH as active ingredients allows seaweed to dissolve in water at high concentrations without losing any of its biostimulating efficacy. This discovery is significant because it enables the formation of effective, stable, and compatible seaweed-based compositions.

[0016] Specifically, as shown in the Experimental Section of this document, a seed treatment formulation containing seaweed (more specifically, *Laminaria japonica* extract) and another oil (specifically, rapeseed oil), and at least two surfactants (more specifically, a combination of amphoteric surfactants and polyol-based (preferably sorbitol-based) surfactants) can be used to achieve the above objectives, wherein the pH range of the formulation is 3 to 6, more specifically 4 to 5.

[0017] Therefore, the present invention provides a composition, which may also be referred to as a plant biostimulant composition, the composition comprising: (i) Seaweed, usually an active ingredient. (ii) oil, and (iii) At least two surfactants, The pH range of the composition is from about 3 to about 6.

[0018] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for crop productivity management in plants, comprising applying an effective amount of a plant biostimulant composition as defined above to the plant, plant seeds, or plant growth medium.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preventing or mitigating the effects of abiotic stress in plants, comprising applying an effective amount of a combination as defined above to the plant, plant seeds, or plant growth medium.

[0020] In another aspect, the present invention provides seeds coated with a plant biostimulant composition as defined above.

[0021] In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of compositions as defined above for preventing or mitigating the effects of abiotic stress.

[0022] In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of compositions as defined above for managing crop productivity in plants.

[0023] Other purposes and features are partly obvious and partly will be noted below. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 The crop growth and promotion assessment of APH-1036 – maize vigor – is shown.

[0025] Figure 2 The crop growth and promotion assessment of APH-1036 – maize vigor – is shown.

[0026] Figure 3 The crop growth and promotion assessment of APH-1036 - SPAD for maize is shown.

[0027] Figure 4 The crop growth and promotion assessment of APH-1036 - maize biomass (foliarfresh) is shown.

[0028] Figure 5 The yield metric for APH-1036 is shown as the weight of 50 cobs of maize (kg).

[0029] Figure 6 The crop growth and promotion assessment of APH-1036 is shown - biomass (fresh leaves) assessment of soybean.

[0030] Figure 7 The crop growth and promotion assessment of APH-1036 - soybean biomass (foliardry) assessment is shown.

[0031] Figure 8 The yield metrics for APH-1036 are shown – soybean pod count per plant.

[0032] Figure 9 The yield metrics for APH-1036 are shown – pod weight per plant (g) of soybean.

[0033] Figure 10 Soil health of APH-1036-soybean (3 true leaves) bioassay-ATP content is shown.

[0034] Figure 11 The soil health bioassay for APH-1036 in soybeans is shown to be nodulation.

[0035] Figure 12 The dose-response of APH-1037 – without stress – shows the weight of the dry aboveground portion of maize.

[0036] Figure 13 The results show the salt content of APH-1037 in relation to post-emergence stress in wheat and the root length measurement.

[0037] Figure 14 The reduced irrigation effect of APH-1037 on post-emergence stress in maize was shown in root length measurements.

[0038] Figure 15 The results show the salt content of APH-1037 in relation to post-emergence stress in maize and the root length measurement.

[0039] Figure 16 The salt content of APH-1037 was measured in fine roots in relation to post-emergence stress in maize.

[0040] Figure 17 The reduced irrigation effect of APH-1037 on post-emergence stress in maize was shown in root length measurements.

[0041] Figure 18 The study showed the reduced irrigation effect of APH-1037 on post-emergence stress in maize fine root measurements.

[0042] Figure 19 The study showed the reduced irrigation effect of APH-1037 on post-emergence stress in wheat fine root measurements.

[0043] Figure 20 The results of dust shedding when wheat was treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water are shown.

[0044] Figure 21 The results of dust shedding when corn was treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water are shown.

[0045] Figure 22 The results of dust removal when soybeans were treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water are shown.

[0046] Figure 23 The results of dust shedding when corn was treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water are shown.

[0047] Figure 24 The results of dust removal when soybeans were treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water are shown.

[0048] Figure 25 The results of dust shedding when soybeans were treated with 2 mg / kg APH-1037 and 2 mL / kg water are shown. Invention Details

[0050] This disclosure will provide several agricultural combinations to illustrate the importance of this novel and inventive system, which provides good adhesion to seeds and well-dispersed small particles with good storage stability and minimal segregation. Furthermore, several comparative examples will be provided to demonstrate the non-obviousness of the invention.

[0051] The methods described herein typically involve applying the combination to plants or seeds. Therefore, the methods and uses of the present invention are preferably non-therapeutic. The combinations provided herein can be applied as seed treatment or as soil treatment to plants, plant parts, or the area surrounding the seeds.

[0052] The agricultural compositions and methods described herein can be used for any plant species and / or its seeds. These compositions and methods are generally used for seeds of significant agricultural value. Seeds may be transgenic seeds from which transgenic plants can be bred, containing transgenic events such as tolerance to a particular herbicide or herbicide combination, enhanced disease resistance, increased tolerance to insects, drought, stress, and / or increased yield. Seeds may contain breeding traits, including, for example, disease-tolerant breeding traits. In some cases, seeds contain at least one transgenic trait and at least one breeding trait.

[0053] These compositions and methods can be used to treat any suitable seed type, including but not limited to seeds of rowcrops and vegetables. For example, one or more plants or plant parts or one or more plant seeds may include wheat, rye, barley, rice, triticale, oats, sorghum, sugarcane, sugar beets, sugar beets or forage beets, fruits such as pomes, apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or currants, legumes such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans, oilseed plants such as rape, oil-seed rape, canola, mustard, linseed, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, cocoa beans, castor oil plants. Plants, oil palm, peanut or soybean, cucurbitaceous plants such as pumpkin, cucumber or melon, fiber plants such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute, citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, grapefruit or tangerine, vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrot, onion, tomato, gourd or paprika, laurel plants such as avocado, cinnamon or camphor, energy and raw material plants such as corn, soybean, rapeseed, canola, oil palm, corn, tobacco, nuts, coffee, tea, banana, climbing plants, hop or turf.

[0054] The compositions and methods disclosed herein can also be applied to turf grasses, ornamental grasses, and shrubs. These compositions are also suitable for use in nurseries, lawns and gardens, and floriculture, and provide benefits for improving plant productivity, protecting health, vitality, and lifespan.

[0055] The composition may be provided in a concentrated form. Alternatively, the composition may be provided in a ready-to-use form. "Ready-to-use" means that the composition is provided in a form that does not require additional dilution by the user and can be used immediately.

[0056] For convenience, certain terms and examples used in this specification are described herein before further description of this disclosure. These definitions should be interpreted in light of the remainder of this disclosure and the understanding of those skilled in the art. The terms used herein have meanings that are generally accepted and known to those skilled in the art. However, for convenience and completeness, some specific terms and their meanings are listed below.

[0057] As used herein, the terms “preferred” and “ideal” refer to non-essential features of the invention that may or may not be satisfied, but may lead to further improvements.

[0058] As used herein, the terms “plant” or “crop” include references to the whole plant, plant organs (e.g., leaves, stems, twigs, roots, trunks, limbs, shoots, fruits, etc.), plant cells, or plant seeds. The term also covers plant crops, if any.

[0059] While the methods, compounds, and compositions described herein can be used in their most broad embodiments for the cultivation of any plant, in preferred embodiments they can be used for the cultivation of plants of significant commercial value, including but not limited to cereals (including maize, wheat, alfalfa, barley, rye, and oats), vegetables (including peppers, tomatoes, lettuce, carrots, and potatoes), fruits (including apricots, bananas, grapes, legumes, corn kernels, tomatoes, cucumbers, acorns, and almonds), and row crops (including sunflowers, potatoes, canolas, dry beans, peas, flax, safflower, buckwheat, cotton, corn, soybeans, rapeseed oil, and sugar beets).

[0060] As used herein, the term “propagational material” for a plant or crop can include all reproductive parts of the plant or crop that can be used for plant multiplication (e.g., seeds) and asexual plant material (e.g., cuttings and tubers). This includes seeds, tubers, spores, bulbs, rhizomes, sprouts, basal shoots, stolons, buds, and other parts of the plant, including seedlings and young plants transplanted after germination or emergence.

[0061] As used herein, the term "seaweed" preferably refers to the genus *Fucus* belonging to the family Fucusaceae (family Fucus). Fucaceae Cold-water seaweed or brown algae (Phaeophyta class ( Phaeophyceae It should be understood that the term "seaweed" covers not only unprocessed seaweed but also processed forms (such as seaweed extracts). Preferably, the term "seaweed" refers to seaweed extracts.

[0062] As used herein, the term "seaweed extract" preferably refers to an extract isolated from seaweed, which typically contains a variety of active agents and is usually in the form of a soluble liquid, liquid concentrate, or water-soluble powder. More preferably, seaweed processing / extraction can be performed using solvents, acids, alkalis, enzymes, or mechanical means, or even any combination thereof. Preferably, processing / extraction is performed by contacting the seaweed with an aqueous solution containing an alkaline extractant. For the purposes of this invention, the alkaline extractant is preferably an alkali, preferably an inorganic alkali selected from NaOH, KOH, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, or any combination thereof. The concentration of the alkaline extractant is preferably 1% to 10% w / w relative to the total weight of the aqueous solution, more specifically 2% to 5% w / w. Preferably, the temperature range for the extraction step is 20°C to 100°C, the extraction time is typically 30 minutes to 18 hours, and the pressure range is preferably 1 to 6 bar. When only the extract is needed in the composition of this invention, further separation / removal of insoluble components can be performed after the extraction step. This removal / separation step is preferably carried out by decantation, filtration, or centrifugation. Alternatively, a suspension containing both extracted and unextracted components can be used. Therefore, the term "seaweed extract" generally refers to a liquid or solid comprising two or more, preferably five or more, more preferably ten or more, or even 50 or more compounds naturally occurring in seaweed, and optionally, in the case of a liquid, a solvent. Any amount or content of "seaweed extract" specified herein preferably refers to the amount of dry matter of the "seaweed extract," i.e., the amount of "seaweed extract" excluding any solvent.

[0063] As used herein, the term "liquid" preferably refers to a liquid at 25°C and 1 atm.

[0064] Preferably, the seaweed extract is prepared according to the method described in GB 664,989 A, particularly according to any one of claims 1-5 of that document.

[0065] As used herein, the term "active substance" preferably refers to a substance present in algal extracts obtained by various algal extraction methods. Algal extracts may contain one or more active compounds selected from, but not limited to, polysaccharides (e.g., especially laminarin and fucans), free and conjugated sugars, polyphenols, mannitol, growth hormones, lipids, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, betaine, sterols, glucuronic acid, and mineral salts.

[0066] Preferably, the seaweed extract contains alginic acid, fucoidan, and mannitol.

[0067] As used herein, the term "biostimulant" is any substance or microorganism applied to plants to improve nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and / or crop quality traits, regardless of its nutrient content.

[0068] As used herein, the term "active ingredient" is preferably a portion of a substance or compound that produces its chemical or biological effects (such as biostimulation), including algal extracts.

[0069] As used herein, the term “mitigation of abiotic stress” preferably means one or more of the following: (i) improving plant vigor, (ii) improving root growth and development, (iii) improving aboveground growth and development, (iv) improving plant growth rate, (v) improving photosynthetic rate and capacity, or (vi) improving yield.

[0070] As used herein, the term “crop productivity” is a measure of the amount of agricultural output produced for a given amount of input, preferably a measure of the amount of agricultural output (e.g., crops) produced for a given amount of input (e.g., seeds, etc.), such as an index of multiple outputs divided by an index of multiple inputs (e.g., the value of all farm outputs divided by the value of all farm inputs).

[0071] Those skilled in the art know methods for identifying and measuring indicators of plant abiotic stress, which may include: visual assessments of plant vigor, such as a reduction in the number or size of plants or parts thereof, a reduction in seed germination or sprouting, or a decrease in seedling growth rate or vigor; weight assessments of biomass yield, such as the fresh or dry weight of aboveground parts or roots; plant part assessments based on optical scanners, such as scanning leaves or roots and algorithms determining leaf volume or root length; physiological or biochemical assessments, such as cell membrane stability or relative leaf water content; and photosynthetic assessments of plant stress levels using reflectance- or spectral-based methods, such as determining photosynthetic efficiency, linear electron flow, non-photochemical quenching, and relative chlorophyll levels.

[0072] As used herein, the term "fertilizer" is selected from organic and inorganic fertilizers, such as, but not limited to, urea, NPK, nitrogen-based fertilizers, phosphates, calcium, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, nickel, cobalt, boron and their salts and derivatives.

[0073] As used herein, the term “micronutrient” is selected from, but not limited to, iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, zinc, chlorine, sodium, cobalt, silicon, nickel, chlorine, aluminum, vanadium, selenium and their salts and derivatives.

[0074] As used herein, the term "derivative" preferably refers to a compound derived from similar compounds through a chemical reaction. More preferably, the term "derivative" refers to a salt, solvate, alkyl ester, acyl ester, or alkyl ether, wherein the alkyl and acyl groups preferably contain 1 to 24 carbon atoms and are preferably aliphatic. Even more preferably, the term "derivative" refers to salts and solvates.

[0075] As used herein, the term "adhesive" preferably refers to a material that binds seaweed to seeds. Typically, the adhesive is an oil, more preferably seed oil.

[0076] As used herein, the term "composition" preferably comprises one or more mixtures of seaweed (in addition to oil and at least two surfactants) and another component (e.g., an additional biostimulant). In some embodiments, the composition may contain at least one additional pesticide. In some embodiments, the composition may contain one or more additional co-formulants.

[0077] As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable carrier" preferably refers to a solvent known and recognized in the art for forming compositions for agricultural or horticultural use. Examples of solvents include, but are not limited to, propylene glycol and isopropanol.

[0078] As used herein, the term "solvent" preferably refers to any substance capable of dissolving one or more substances to form a solution, typically a liquid solvent, preferably excluding water.

[0079] As used herein, the term "additive" preferably refers to any substance that is not itself an active ingredient but is added to the composition. Examples of additives include, but are not limited to, adjuvants, surfactants, antifreeze agents, defoamers, and preservatives.

[0080] As used herein, the term "excipient" preferably refers to any chemical substance that does not have biostimulatory activity, such as a surfactant, solvent, or adjuvant. One or more excipients may be added to any composition disclosed herein.

[0081] As used herein, the term "surfactant" (preferably referred to as a surface-active substance) refers to a substance, such as a detergent, that, when added to a liquid, reduces the surface tension of the liquid, thereby improving its spreadability and wetting properties. Surfactants are typically amphiphilic organic compounds, meaning that the molecule contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. Surfactants typically comprise a water-soluble portion and a water-insoluble portion. Preferably, surfactants function as emulsifiers, wetting agents, detergents, foaming agents, or dispersants.

[0082] As used herein, the term "dispersant" or "dispersing agent" preferably refers to any substance, typically a surfactant, that is added to a suspension of solid or liquid particles in a liquid to improve particle separation and prevent sedimentation or agglomeration. Preferably, the dispersant or dispersing agent refers to a polymeric amphoteric dispersant. Preferred examples are alkoxylated diethylethanolamine, polymethacrylic acid, and one or more esters of an acrylic backbone having a polyoxyethylene chain.

[0083] As used herein, the term "amphoteric" preferably refers to a substance that has the ability to function as an acid or a base, typically in the pH range of 1 to 12.

[0084] As used herein, the term "polymeric amphoteric dispersant" preferably refers to an alkoxylated diethylethanolamine polymer. Preferably, it is a polyoxyethylene (12)diethylethanolamine mono-trimer (Atlox™ 4915).

[0085] As used herein, the term "alkoxylation" preferably refers to a product generated by alkoxylation or similar methods through the addition of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and / or butane oxide (e.g., fatty acids).

[0086] As used herein, the term "ester" preferably refers to an alkyl acid (preferably aliphatic C42-ethylhexylene). 1-6 The hydrogen atom on the carboxyl group of an alkyl acid (more preferably acetic acid) is replaced by an alkyl group (preferably aliphatic C). 1-6 A molecule substituted with an alkyl group, more preferably an ethyl group. Other examples of esters include ethyl propionate, propyl formate, propyl acetate, and methyl butyrate. Glycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol.

[0087] As used herein, the term "emulsifier" preferably refers to any chemical substance that acts as a surfactant to promote emulsion formation. Preferably, the emulsifier is a sorbitol-based surfactant. A preferred example of a sorbitol-based surfactant is polyoxyethylene sorbitan hexaoleate.

[0088] As used herein, the term "alkyl" preferably refers to C14 unless otherwise expressly stated. 1-28 Aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, more preferably involving C 1-18 Aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, such as C 1-6 Aliphatic hydrocarbon groups.

[0089] As used herein, the term "polyol-based" preferably refers to the ethers and esters of polyols. Polyols are preferably selected from diols, triols, tetraols, pentylols, hexaols, heptylols, and octaols, more preferably from pentylols and hexaols, each preferably containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Preferred examples of polyols are sugar alcohols, preferably selected from ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, threitol, arabinitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, fucitol, idoterol, inositol, volemitol, isomaltitol, maltitol, lactitol, maltotriol, and maltotetratitol. Sugars are preferably monosaccharides or disaccharides, more preferably monosaccharides. Sugar alcohols can be obtained from sugars by hydrogenation. Ethers and esters of polyols can be obtained by etherification with alkoxanols (such as polyethylene glycol or monoalkylated polyethylene glycol) or alkanols (such as aliphatic alkanols having 1 to 28, preferably 6 to 18, carbon atoms), or by esterification with alkoxanolic acids (such as carboxylic acids having polyethylene glycol or monoalkylated polyethylene glycol residues) or alkanoic acids (such as aliphatic alkanoic acids containing 1 to 28, preferably 6 to 18, carbon atoms). It should be understood that, for example, one, two, three, four, or even five or more hydroxyl groups of a polyol can be esterified or etherified.

[0090] As used herein, the term "sorbitol-based" preferably refers to sorbitol ethers and esters. Preferably, the ethers and esters are as defined above with respect to the term "polyol-based".

[0091] As used herein, "dispersant" or "dispersing agent" and "emulsifier" preferably refer to different compounds.

[0092] As used herein, the term "defoamer" preferably refers to a foam inhibitor used in both aqueous and non-aqueous systems. Preferably, it is a silicone-based defoamer, typically polydimethylsiloxane.

[0093] As used herein, the term "silicon-based" preferably refers to a molecule containing one or more silicon atoms, such as a molecule composed of silicon material.

[0094] As used herein, the term "chelating agent" preferably refers to a compound that binds to metal ions. Preferably, the term "chelating agent" refers to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid, and / or n-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA).

[0095] As used herein, the term "rheology modifier" or "rheology aid" preferably refers to a substance that alters the rheological properties of a material. Typically, they are added to formulations to increase viscosity and to control the properties and characteristics of the final product in a desired manner. Preferably, the term "rheology modifier" or "rheology aid" refers to polysaccharides, such as those obtained from natural sources like trees, plants, and algae. Common examples include xanthan gum, carrageenan, guar gum, alginate, and any agriculturally acceptable salts thereof.

[0096] "Agriculturally acceptable salts" can be formed, for example, by protonating a proton-receptive lone-pair electron-carrying atom (such as an amino group) with an inorganic or organic acid, or can be formed as a salt of a carboxylic acid group with a cation. Exemplary base addition salts include, for example: alkali metal salts, such as sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earth metal salts, such as calcium or magnesium salts; zinc salts; ammonium salts; aliphatic amine salts, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, procaine, meglumine, ethylenediamine, or choline salts; aralkylamine salts, such as... N,N- Dibenzylethylenediamine salt, benzyl benzoate salt, phenylethylamine salt; heterocyclic aromatic amine salts, such as pyridine salt, methylpyridine salt, quinoline salt or isoquinoline salt; quaternary ammonium salts, such as tetramethylammonium salt, tetraethylammonium salt, benzyltrimethylammonium salt, benzyltriethylammonium salt, benzyltributylammonium salt, methyltrioctylammonium salt or tetrabutylammonium salt; and basic amino acid salts, such as arginine salt, lysine salt or histidine salt. Exemplary acid addition salts include, for example: mineral salts, such as hydrochlorides, hydrobroms, hydroiodates, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates (e.g., phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, or dihydrogen phosphates), carbonates, bicarbonates, or perchlorates; organic salts, such as acetates, propions, buties, valerates, hexanoates, heptates, octanoates, cyclopentanepropionates, decanoates, undecanoates, oleates, stearates, lactates, maleates, oxalates, fumarates, tartrates, malates, citrates, succinates, glycolates, nicotinates, benzoates, salicylates, ascorbic acid salts, or pamoate (embonate) salts; and sulfonates, such as methanesulfonate (mesylate), ethanesulfonate (esylate), hydroxyethanesulfonate (isethionate), benzenesulfonate (besylate), and toluenesulfonate. (tosylate), 2-naphthalenesulfonate (napsylate), 3-phenylsulfonate (phenylsulfonate salt) or camphorsulfonate; and acidic amino acid salts, such as aspartate or glutamate.

[0097] As used herein, the term "polysaccharide" preferably refers to a long-chain carbohydrate molecule (e.g., two or more, preferably ten or more, more preferably twenty or more, even more preferably forty or, preferably 1000 or less, more preferably 500 or less monosaccharide units). A "polysaccharide" optionally contains a sulfate group, such as one, two, or three sulfate groups. Common examples include a pentasaccharide repeating unit comprising glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 2:2:1, and a galactopyranoside disaccharide, each containing zero, one, two, or three sulfate groups and any agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

[0098] As used herein, the term "fatty acid" preferably refers to a carboxylic acid having an aliphatic chain, which may be saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have a straight chain with an even number of carbon atoms (including the carbon atom of the carboxyl group), with the number of carbon atoms ranging from 4 to 28. Preferably, 10 to 20. More preferably, 16 to 19.

[0099] As used herein, the term "vegetable oil" preferably refers to oils and fats derived from seeds, nuts, grains, and fruits. Vegetable oils typically contain a mixture of triacylglycerols, such as fatty acid triglycerides.

[0100] As used herein, the terms "oil" and "fat" are used interchangeably and preferably refer to any fatty acid triglycerides and / or mixtures thereof. More preferably, the term "oil" refers to fatty acid triglycerides that are liquid at 25°C and 1 atm, while the term "fat" refers to fatty acid triglycerides that are solid at 25°C and 1 atm.

[0101] As used herein, the term "seed oil" preferably refers to oil obtained from the seeds (endosperm) of some plants rather than their fruits (pericarp). Most vegetable oils are typically seed oils. Examples include sunflower seed oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, and sesame oil.

[0102] As used herein, the term “stable” when used in conjunction with a composition preferably means that the composition is physically and chemically stable.

[0103] As used herein, the term "chemically stable" preferably means that no significant decomposition of the active component is observed after storage in a sealed container at 54°C in a sealed package for at least 2 weeks. In this context, the term "significantly" preferably means that less than 10 wt%, preferably less than 5 wt%, more preferably less than 2 wt%, and even more preferably less than 1 wt% of each component is decomposed.

[0104] As used herein, the term "physically stable" means that no significant precipitation is observed after storage in sealed packaging at 54°C for at least 2 weeks. Stability can be assessed according to the methods established by the International Committee for Pesticide Analysis Ltd. (CIPAC). Stability can be assessed under normal storage conditions, i.e., after two years of storage at room temperature. Stability can also be assessed under accelerated storage conditions, i.e., after 2 weeks of storage at 54°C, or after 8 weeks of storage at 40°C, or after 12 weeks of storage at 35°C, or after 3 months of storage at room temperature, or after 2 weeks of storage at 0°C.

[0105] As used herein, the term "BBCH" stands for the Federal Institute of Biological Sciences, the Federal Bureau of Varieties, and the Chemische Industrie (Chemical Industry Association). It is an abbreviation used in agriculture to refer to the BBCH scale, a system of plant phenological growth stages. It represents the three organizations that developed this scale. The BBCH scale provides a standardized method for describing the growth and development of various crops throughout their entire life cycle. It consists of numerical codes representing specific growth stages or phenological events of the plant. Each code corresponds to a specific developmental stage, such as germination, flowering, fruiting, or senescence. The BBCH scale is widely used in agricultural research, crop management, and phenological observation. It enables researchers, agronomists, and farmers to communicate and compare growth stages of different crops and regions, thereby promoting better timing of various agricultural practices such as irrigation, fertilization, pest and disease control, and harvesting.

[0106] As used herein, the term "SPAD" refers to Soil Plant Analysis Development, a handheld device that measures the relative chlorophyll concentration in leaves as an indicator of plant health and nutritional status. A SPAD meter works by shining light of a specific wavelength onto the leaf surface and measuring the transmitted or reflected light. Chlorophyll absorbs light most efficiently in the red and blue regions of the spectrum, so a SPAD meter measures the amount of light absorbed by the leaf at these wavelengths. Based on light absorption, the instrument provides a numerical reading, commonly referred to as the SPAD value. The SPAD value obtained from the meter can be used to estimate the chlorophyll content of leaves and indirectly assess the plant's nutritional status. It is particularly useful for monitoring nitrogen levels in crops, as chlorophyll production depends on an adequate nitrogen supply. By measuring SPAD values ​​in different parts of the field or at different growth stages, informed decisions can be made regarding fertilizer application, nitrogen management, and overall crop health.

[0107] As used in this article, the term "DAP" refers to the number of days following application.

[0108] As used herein, the term “mixture” refers to, but is not limited to, any combination of physical forms, such as blends, solutions, alloys, etc.

[0109] As used herein, the term "combination" generally refers to a combination of multiple agrochemicals applied simultaneously or concurrently.

[0110] As used herein, the term "simultaneous" when used in conjunction with the application of agricultural chemicals typically refers to the application of agricultural chemicals in the form of a mixture (e.g., a container mix). For simultaneous application, the combination can be a mixture or individual containers, each containing an agricultural chemical, combined prior to application.

[0111] As used herein, the term “contemporaneous” when used in conjunction with the administration of a biostimulant generally refers to the simultaneous or separate administration of a single biostimulant with another biostimulant or premix at sufficiently close times to achieve at least one benefit of the combined biostimulant, for example, if the two active components are administered concurrently, additive or more additive or synergistic activity is achieved relative to the activity of either active component alone at the same dose.

[0112] As used herein, the term "can mix" refers to mixing one or more components of the composition of the present invention in a spray can during or prior to spray application.

[0113] As used herein, the term “effective” when used in conjunction with the amount of a combination, mixture, or composition preferably refers to the amount of a combination, mixture, or composition that achieves a beneficial level of biostimulation when applied to the site where pests are to be controlled and / or prevented.

[0114] As used herein, the term "amount" generally refers to the amount of a component in the composition as a percentage of the total weight of the composition.

[0115] As used herein, the term "effective amount" generally refers to the amount of an active ingredient commercially recommended for controlling and / or preventing pests. The commercially recommended amount of each active ingredient, typically specified as an application ratio for commercial formulations, can be found on the label accompanying the commercial formulation. The commercially recommended application ratio for commercial formulations can vary depending on factors such as plant species and type of biostimuli.

[0116] As used in this article, the term "ha" refers to a hectare.

[0117] As used herein, the terms “an” or “a” include both the singular and the plural unless otherwise expressly stated. Therefore, the terms “an,” “a,” or “at least one” are used interchangeably in this application. For example, the term “a type of seaweed” is used interchangeably with the term “one or more types of seaweed,” and the term “an oil” is used interchangeably with the term “one or more oils.”

[0118] Throughout the application, the descriptions of various embodiments use the term "comprising"; this term should be understood to also encompass the terms "substantially composed of" and / or "composed of".

[0119] The term “about” in this document specifically includes ±10% of the values ​​shown in the range. Additionally, endpoints of all ranges relating to the same component or property in this document include endpoints that are independently combinable, and include all intermediate points and ranges.

[0120] It should be understood that, where a parameter range is provided, the present invention also provides all integers within that range and their tenths, as explicitly described herein. For example, "0.1% to 70%" includes 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, etc., up to 70%.

[0121] All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, to the extent that each individual publication, patent or patent application is specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference.

[0122] The following examples illustrate the practice of preferred subject matter of the invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of this subject matter. Other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the consideration of the description and examples herein, falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, are part of this invention. The description, including examples, is intended to be illustrative only and does not limit the scope and spirit of the invention.

[0123] Various aspects and embodiments of the present invention will now be described.

[0124] In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising: (i) seaweed, (ii) oil, and (iii) at least two surfactants, wherein the pH range of the composition is from about 3 to about 6.

[0125] The present invention also provides compositions in which seaweed is an active ingredient, preferably wherein seaweed is the only active ingredient in the composition.

[0126] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the compositions are stable.

[0127] The present invention also provides compositions, wherein the composition is a plant biostimulant composition.

[0128] Preferably, the seaweed contained in the composition of the present invention is brown algae.

[0129] Preferably, the algae are members of the class Phaeophyta.

[0130] More preferably, members of the Brown Algae class are *Bubblelea* species.

[0131] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the seaweed is an extract obtained from said algae.

[0132] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the extract is in the form of soluble seaweed extract powder (SSEP) or liquid seaweed extract (LSX).

[0133] More preferably, the amount of the seaweed extract is from about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0134] The present invention also provides a composition wherein the amount of the seaweed extract is about 5% to about 10% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0135] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the oil is a triglyceride fatty acid ester, such as vegetable oil and seed oil; or a monoester derived from a plant or seed; or a mixture thereof.

[0136] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the triglyceride is a vegetable oil, such as soybean oil, olive oil, almond oil, canola oil, ω-9 canola oil, castor oil, coconut oil, corn oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil; seed oil, such as rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, cottonseed oil, flaxseed oil, etc.; or mixtures thereof.

[0137] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the fatty acid triglycerides are seed oils.

[0138] More preferably, the seed oil is rapeseed oil.

[0139] More preferably, the amount of oil is from about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. The present invention also provides a composition wherein the amount of oil is from about 5% to about 10% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0140] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the surfactant comprises a mixture of two surfactants, each surfactant being independently selected from dispersants or emulsifiers. The dispersant is preferably selected from alkoxylated diethylethanolamine, and the emulsifier is preferably selected from polyoxyethylene sorbitan hexaoleate.

[0141] More preferably, one of the surfactants is a polymeric amphoteric surfactant; the other is a surfactant based on a polyol (preferably based on sorbitol). It should be understood that the polymeric amphoteric surfactant and the polyol-based surfactant are different chemical compounds.

[0142] The polymeric amphoteric surfactant is preferably selected from esters of alkoxylated di(C1 to C4 alkyl)diethanolamine (especially trimerate esters), such as trimerates of alkoxylated diethylethanolamine (e.g., alkoxylated diethylethanolamine monotrimer), including polyoxyethylene (12)diethylethanolamine monotrimer. Examples of such amphoteric polymeric surfactants are available under the trade name AtIox™ 4915.

[0143] The most preferred polymeric amphoteric surfactant is alkoxylated diethylethanolamine, more preferably polyoxyethylene (12) diethylethanolamine monotrimeric ester, and even more preferably AtIox™ 4915.

[0144] The surfactant based on polyol preferably has a structure in which the polyol has been polyoxyalkylated (e.g., by reacting with alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide) and then acylated (e.g., by reacting with fatty acids, fatty acid anhydrides, fatty acid esters or fatty acyl chlorides).

[0145] The polyol is preferably selected from diols, triols, tetraols, pentols, hexaols, heptols, and octaols, more preferably from pentols and hexaols, each preferably containing 2 to 30 (preferably 3 to 20, more preferably 4 to 8, e.g., 5, 6, or 7) carbon atoms. Preferred examples of polyols are sugar alcohols, preferably selected from ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, threitol, arabinitol, xylitol, ribitol, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, fucitol, idutol, inositol, wolemitol, isomaltitol, maltitol, lactitol, maltotriol, and maltotetratitol. The sugar is preferably a monosaccharide or disaccharide, more preferably a monosaccharide. Sugar alcohols can be obtained from sugars by hydrogenation. The polyol is preferably sorbitol.

[0146] Preferably, each molecule of the polyol-based surfactant contains about 5 to 500, more preferably 5 to 100, even more preferably 10 to 100, still more preferably 10 to 80, still even more preferably 20 to 60, for example 30 to 50 alkylene oxide groups.

[0147] The acyl group is preferably a fatty acid residue having 6 to 28, more preferably 6 to 18, carbon atoms. It should be understood that, for example, one, two, three, four, or even five or more hydroxyl groups (preferably at least half of the hydroxyl groups, more preferably at least all of the hydroxyl groups except one, and still more preferably all of the hydroxyl groups) of a polyol may be polyoxyalkylated and / or acylated.

[0148] The surfactant based on polyols is preferably polyoxyethylene sorbitan hexaoleate, more preferably polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitan hexaoleate, and even more preferably Atlas™ G-1086.

[0149] Preferably, the amount of the polymeric amphoteric dispersant is from about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition; and the amount of the polyol-based (preferably sorbitol-based) surfactant is from about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0150] The present invention also provides a composition wherein the amount of the polymeric amphoteric dispersant is about 5% to about 10% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition; and the amount of the polyol-based (preferably sorbitol-based) surfactant is about 5% to about 10% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0151] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the pH of the (biostimulant) composition is obtained by adding an acid.

[0152] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the acid is selected from citric acid, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, carbonic acid, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, L-ornithine, L-proline, L-tryptophan, β-alanine, D / L-alanine, L-carnitine, L-cysteine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, gallic acid, orthosilicic acid, and mixtures thereof.

[0153] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the pH range of the compositions is from about 4 to about 5.

[0154] The present invention also provides compositions, wherein the plant biostimulant compositions further comprise adjuvants.

[0155] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the adjuvant is selected from defoamers, preservatives, antifreeze agents, dispersants, solvents, emulsifiers, carriers, adjuvants, rheology modifiers, chelating agents, and mixtures thereof.

[0156] The present invention also provides compositions, wherein the biostimulant compositions further comprise additional active ingredients.

[0157] The present invention also provides compositions wherein additional active ingredients are selected from pesticides, biostimulants and mixtures thereof.

[0158] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the pesticide is selected from herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, and mixtures thereof.

[0159] The present invention also provides compositions wherein the biostimulant is selected from amino acids, amino acid betaine, microorganisms, inorganic fertilizers (e.g., nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers), organic fertilizers (e.g., amino acids and fulvic acid and humic acid) and mixtures thereof.

[0160] The present invention also provides a composition, wherein the (plant biostimulant) composition comprises: (i) *Leptochloa crus-galli* seaweed extract, (ii) Seed oil, (iii) A mixture of two surfactants, each surfactant being independently selected from dispersants and emulsifiers, and (iv) Water, The pH range of the composition is from about 3 to about 6, and the pH is obtained by adding an acid and / or its salt.

[0161] More preferably, the composition comprises (or is obtained by mixing the following components): (i) *Bombyx mori* seaweed extract in the form of soluble seaweed extract powder (SSEP) or liquid seaweed extract (LSX), (ii) Rapeseed oil, (iii) A mixture of two surfactants, wherein one of the surfactants is a polymeric amphoteric surfactant; and the other is a polyol-based surfactant (preferably based on sorbitol), and (iv) Water, and (v) Citric acid and / or its salts.

[0162] The present invention also provides compositions comprising (or obtained by mixing the following components): (i) A *Paederia scandens* seaweed extract in the form of soluble seaweed extract powder (SSEP) or liquid seaweed extract (LSX), in an amount of about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. (ii) rapeseed oil, in an amount of about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. (iii) A mixture of two surfactants, wherein one of the surfactants is a polymeric amphoteric surfactant, comprising about 1% to about 20% (by weight) of the total composition; and the other is a polyol-based surfactant (preferably based on sorbitol), comprising about 1% to about 20% (by weight) of the total composition. (iv) Water, and (v) Citric acid and / or its salts.

[0163] The present invention also provides compositions comprising (or obtained by mixing the following components): (i) A *Paederia scandens* seaweed extract in the form of soluble seaweed extract powder (SSEP) or liquid seaweed extract (LSX), in an amount of about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. (ii) rapeseed oil, in an amount of about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. (iii) A mixture of two surfactants, wherein one of the surfactants is a polymeric amphoteric surfactant, comprising about 1% to about 20% (by weight) of the total composition; and the other is a polyol-based surfactant (preferably based on sorbitol), comprising about 1% to about 20% (by weight) of the total composition. (iv) Water, and (v) L-carnitine and / or its salts.

[0164] The present invention also provides compositions comprising (or obtained by mixing the following components): (i) A *Paederia scandens* seaweed extract in the form of soluble seaweed extract powder (SSEP) or liquid seaweed extract (LSX), in an amount of about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. (ii) rapeseed oil, in an amount of about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. (iii) A mixture of two surfactants, wherein one of the surfactants is a polymeric amphoteric surfactant, comprising about 1% to about 20% (by weight) of the total composition; and the other is a polyol-based surfactant (preferably based on sorbitol), comprising about 1% to about 20% (by weight) of the total composition. (iv) Chelating agents, (v) Water, and (vi) Citric acid or L-carnitine and / or its salts.

[0165] The present invention also provides compositions comprising (or obtained by mixing the following components): (i) A *Paederia scandens* seaweed extract in the form of soluble seaweed extract powder (SSEP) or liquid seaweed extract (LSX), in an amount of about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. (ii) rapeseed oil, in an amount of about 1% to about 20% (by weight) relative to the total weight of the composition. (iii) A mixture of two surfactants, wherein one of the surfactants is a polymeric amphoteric surfactant, comprising about 1% to about 20% (by weight) of the total composition; and the other is a polyol-based surfactant (preferably based on sorbitol), comprising about 1% to about 20% (by weight) of the total composition. (iv) Chelating agents, (v) Rheology modifiers, (vi) water, and (vii) Citric acid or L-carnitine and / or its salts.

[0166] Preferred exemplary compositions of the present invention contain, or consist of, powdered seaweed extract, propylene glycol, rapeseed oil, defoamer (preferably OR-10™), preservative (preferably Proxel™ GXL), polymeric amphoteric surfactant (preferably Atlox™ 4915), polyol-based surfactant (preferably sorbitol-based) (preferably Atlas™ G-1086), water, l-carnitine HCl and citric acid, and optionally rheozan and EDTA.

[0167] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for crop productivity management in plants, comprising applying an effective amount of a combination as defined above to the plant, plant seeds, or plant growth medium.

[0168] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preventing or mitigating the effects of abiotic stress in plants, comprising applying an effective amount of the combination as described herein to the plant, plant seeds, or plant growth medium.

[0169] Mitigating abiotic stress preferably includes one or more of the following: (i) Improve plant vitality, (ii) Improve root growth and development, (iii) Improve the growth and development of the above-ground parts. (iv) Increase plant growth rate, (v) Increase the rate and capacity of photosynthesis, or (vi) Improve production.

[0170] The method preferably includes applying an effective amount of the composition as defined above to plant seeds.

[0171] More preferably, the method includes applying the composition at a ratio of about 0.1 L to about 8 L per ton of seeds.

[0172] Even more preferably, the composition is applied at a ratio of about 0.5L to about 4L per ton of seeds.

[0173] The present invention also provides seeds coated with the above composition.

[0174] In another aspect, the present invention provides coated seeds, which are obtained by applying the above-described composition to seeds and optionally drying them.

[0175] The coating is preferably in the form of a solution for seed treatment.

[0176] The seeds can be any suitable seed type, including but not limited to seeds of row crops, fruits, and vegetables.

[0177] In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of the above-described composition for preventing or mitigating the effects of abiotic stress or for managing crop productivity in plants.

[0178] The present invention also provides the use of the above composition in preventing or mitigating abiotic stress.

[0179] The present invention also provides the use of the above-described composition for managing crop productivity in plants.

[0180] Each aspect and / or embodiment disclosed herein is considered applicable to every other disclosed embodiment. Therefore, all combinations of the various elements described herein are within the scope of this invention. Furthermore, the elements listed in the composition embodiments can be used in the combinations, mixtures, methods, uses, packaging, and process embodiments described herein, and vice versa.

[0181] The invention will be better understood by referring to the following embodiments, but those skilled in the art will readily understand that the detailed specific experiments are merely illustrative of the invention as more fully described in the appended claims.

[0182] The present invention will be illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto.

[0183] Example

[0184] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention. The presented examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. The (powdered) seaweed extract was obtained from Acadian™ Plant health-Acadian™ soluble seaweed extract powder. Other materials were obtained as follows:

[0185] Example 1: SSEP-based composition containing L-carnitine HCl - APH-1036

[0186] Add propylene glycol, Atlox™ 4915, Atlas™ G-1086, OR-10™, and Proxel™ GXL to water and mix using low shear until homogenized (approximately 30 minutes). Add L-carnitine HCl while continuing low shear mixing of this batch for approximately 5 minutes. Then slowly add Acadian™ soluble seaweed extract powder while continuing to mix this batch for approximately 30 minutes. Finally, add rapeseed oil and mix using high shear for at least 5 minutes.

[0187] The pH of the composition in Example 1 is about 4.

[0188] All three compositions exhibited good storage stability.

[0189] Example 2: Citric Acid-Containing Composition Based on SSEP - APH-1037

[0190] Add propylene glycol, citric acid, Atlox™ 4915, Atlas™ G-1086, OR-10™, and Proxel™ GXL to water and mix using low shear until homogenized (approximately 30 minutes). Then slowly add Acadian™ soluble seaweed extract powder while continuing to mix this batch for approximately 30 minutes. Finally, add rapeseed oil and mix using high shear for at least 5 minutes.

[0191] The pH of the composition in Example 2 is about 4.

[0192] All three compositions exhibited good storage stability.

[0193] Example 3: Compositions based on SSEP containing rheology modifiers and chelating agents

[0194] Add 80% propylene glycol, citric acid, Atlox™ 4915, Atlas™ G-1086, EDTA, OR-10™, and Proxel™ GXL to 90% water and mix using low shear until the solution is homogenized (approximately 30 minutes). Slowly add Acadian™ soluble seaweed extract powder while continuously mixing this batch for approximately 30 minutes. Next, add rapeseed oil and mix using high shear for at least 5 minutes. Add Rheozan® to the remaining 20% ​​propylene glycol and Atlox™ 4915. Add the remaining 10% water to the Rheozan® / propylene glycol mixture and mix using low shear until a homogenized gel forms. Add the gel to the remainder of the formulation and mix using high shear for up to 5 minutes until homogenized.

[0195] This composition is expected to exhibit good storage stability.

[0196] The storage stability of compositions 1 and 2 will be presented in Tables 1 and 2.

[0197] Table 1: Storage stability data of the composition in Example 1

[0198] Table 2: Storage stability data of the composition in Example 2

[0199] It is well established that stable, flowable liquid formulations can be obtained by using specific surfactant systems at certain pH levels. For seaweed extracts, pH adjustment for stability is novel.

[0200] Surprisingly, it was found that not only specific surfactant combinations (e.g., Atlox™ 4915 + Atlas™ G-1086), but also specific pH ranges, are crucial for the stability, flowability, and carelessness of the composition. Prior to this invention, the use of Atlox™ 4915 as a dispersant for *Caryophyllum demersum* was unknown.

[0201] Furthermore, the inventors were surprised to find that different acids (such as citric acid and L-carnitine) could be used to maintain pH.

[0202] This paper proposes for the first time the use of a dispersant system and pH adjustment to ensure the acquisition of small, well-dispersed particles, which exhibit good storage stability and minimal separation.

[0203] Dust data for different adhesives will be presented in Tables 3 and 4.

[0204] Table 3: Dust data of Atlox™ SemSera, Adsee™ ST-4, rapeseed oil and glycerin with liquid seaweed concentrate (LSX) in wheat.

[0205] Table 4: Dust data of Agrimer™ 30, Agrimer™ VA 6, Sokalan® K 90 P and rapeseed oil in wheat under seaweed concentrate-free conditions.

[0206] Treat 500g of seeds at the desired application ratio and dry in a paper bag for at least 48 hours. Test 100g of seeds at a time using a Heubach Dustmeter with the following parameters: airflow = 20L / min; rotation speed = 30rpm; time = 120 seconds. Weigh the filter disc before and after the test to determine the amount of dust collected.

[0207] The inventors have demonstrated that rapeseed oil functions effectively as a good adhesive in the compositions described in this invention. It exhibits excellent adhesion to seeds and good storage stability. Compared to other adhesive technologies, the use of rapeseed oil as an adhesive has shown a reduction in dust shedding. Surprisingly, it was found that emulsification of rapeseed oil is achieved through high-shear mixing. The dispersant and emulsifier system results in a uniformly dispersed, fine-particle-size, stable formulation with excellent storage stability and minimal stratification.

[0208] Prior to this invention, the use of rapeseed oil as an adhesive for seaweed extracts was unknown.

[0209] Biological experiments of the composition (APH-1036) in Example 1 will be presented in Figures 1 to 9 middle.

[0210] These experiments were conducted in the field under the following conditions: The aim was to evaluate the benefits of APH-1036 as a seed treatment applied to maize and soybean under field conditions in Spain and Canada (2022).

[0211] Crops: Maize and soybean trials conducted by EU & independent CRO in Canada. Randomized complete block design, with each treatment replicated 6 times.

[0212] Stress: Artificial stress applied during the season - a target reduction of 40%-50% in water usage compared to standard irrigation recommendations.

[0213] Assessment: Crop emergence and stand count, crop growth and enhancement performance (vitality, leaves and roots), chlorophyll content index - SPAD, pod set and number (soybeans), and cob weight.

[0214] Evaluation details and quality traits: Crop Vitality: (Scale 0-10) 0 = Inactive plant (no leaves).

[0215] 1 = A plant that shows 10% more vitality compared to the best-vitality plant (vitality 10 (best-vitality plant)).

[0216] 2 - 4 = a ratio between 20% and 40%.

[0217] 5 = A plant that shows 50% vitality compared to the best-vitality plant (vitality 10 (best-vitality plant)).

[0218] 6 - 9 = a ratio between 60% and 90%.

[0219] 10 = Full vigor (standard leaf vigor of a crop under normal conditions, optimal vigor of a plant).

[0220]

[0221] S = coercion, NS = no coercion

[0222] result: Crop growth and enhancement assessment of APH-1036 - maize vigor, Figure 1 The results showed that seed treatment with APH 1036 increased the vigor of stressed maize seeds, with the stressed maize seeds in Spain showing increased vigor compared to the stressed control group, and surprisingly, even higher vigor than the unstressed control group.

[0223] Crop growth and enhancement assessment of APH-1036 - maize vigor, Figure 2 The results showed that seed treatment with APH 1036 increased the vigor of stressed maize seeds. 32 days after application, the vigor of stressed maize seeds in Canada was increased compared to the stressed control group, and surprisingly, even higher than that of the unstressed control group.

[0224] Crop growth and enhancement assessment of APH-1036 - SPAD for maize, Figure 3 The results showed that seed treatment with APH 1036 increased SPAD in stressed maize seeds, with the increase observed in stressed maize seeds in Canada compared to the stressed control, 46 days after application.

[0225] Crop growth and enhancement assessment of APH-1036 - Maize biomass (fresh leaves), Figure 4 The results showed that seed treatment with APH1036 increased fresh biomass weight (in grams) by foliar application to stressed maize seeds, with the increase observed in stressed maize seeds in Canada 41 days after application compared to the stressed control.

[0226] Regarding the yield metric for APH-1036 – the weight of 50 corn cobs (kg) – Figure 5The results showed that seed treatment with APH 1036 increased the 50-cob weight (in kg) of stressed maize seeds, demonstrating the same increase in stressed maize seeds in Canada compared to the stressed control, even 101 days after application.

[0227] Crop growth and enhancement assessment of APH-1036 - Soybean biomass (fresh leaf) assessment. Figure 6 The results showed that seed treatment with APH 1036 via foliar application to stressed soybean seeds increased the biomass weight of fresh roots (in grams), as indicated by the increase in stressed soybean seeds compared to the stressed control.

[0228] Crop growth and enhancement assessment of APH-1036 - Soybean biomass (leaf dryness) assessment. Figure 7 The results showed that seed treatment with APH 1036 via foliar application to stressed soybean seeds increased the dry root biomass weight (in grams), as demonstrated by the increase in stressed soybean seeds compared to the stressed control. This indicates an increase in yield following the treatment.

[0229] For the yield indicator of APH-1036 - the number of soybean pods per plant - assessment, Figure 8 The results showed that seed treatment with APH 1036 increased the number of pods per plant in stressed soybean seeds, demonstrating a significant increase in stressed soybean seeds in Canada compared to the stressed control, 104 days after application. Furthermore, it showed good dose-response activity. This suggests increased yield following treatment.

[0230] For the yield indicator of APH-1036 - soybean pod weight per plant (g) - assessment, Figure 9 The results showed that seed treatment with APH 1036 increased the pod weight per plant (in grams) of stressed soybean seeds, with the increase observed in stressed soybean seeds in Canada compared to the stressed control, 104 days after application. This indicates an increase in yield following treatment.

[0231] Biological experiments of the composition (APH-1036) in Example 1 will be presented in Figure 10 and 11 middle.

[0232] These experiments were conducted as bioassays under the following conditions: Medium: Field soil.

[0233] Replication: 4 biological replicates for each treatment group.

[0234] The controlled environment chamber was maintained at 20 / 25°C day / night, 16 / 8h photocycle, 70% humidity, and 400 µmol / m³ for the first 7 days. - ²s - ¹ PAR. After 7 days, transfer the plants to a greenhouse maintained at 25 / 20℃ and a photoperiod of 16 / 8h (light / dark).

[0235] ATP assessment time: two weeks after sowing.

[0236] Nodulation assessment time: six weeks after sowing.

[0237] result: Soil health of APH-1036 soybean (3 true leaves) - bioassay - ATP content. Figure 10 The results indicate that seed treatment with APH1036 increased soil ATP, suggesting an increase in soil microbial biomass.

[0238] Soil health-soybean bioassay-nodulation for APH-1036 Figure 11 This indicates an increase in nodulation during week 6 (the flowering stage of soybeans). Seed treatment with APH-1036 increased nodulation on plants, indicating that plants treated with APH-1036 have a stronger nitrogen-fixing capacity.

[0239] Biological experiments of the composition (APH-1037) in Example 2 will be presented in Figures 12 to 20 middle.

[0240] These experiments were conducted as bioassays under the following conditions: Medium: Field soil.

[0241] Replication: 6 cell packs per treatment group, with 1 seed per cell pack for maize (36 seeds) and 3 seeds per cell pack for wheat and maize (108 seeds).

[0242] The controlled environment chamber is maintained at 25 / 20℃ day / night, 16 / 8h photocycle, 70% humidity, and 400µmol / m³. -2 s -1 PAR.

[0243] Under salt stress: 7 days after sowing, the stressed group was irrigated with 200 mM NaCl.

[0244] Reduce irrigation stress: Stop irrigating the stressed group 7 days after sowing.

[0245] Assessment time: Two weeks after sowing.

[0246] result: Dose response to APH-1037 - without stress - aboveground dry weight of maize Figure 12 The results clearly demonstrate that APH-1037 exhibits a good dose-response relationship with maize seeds. Under no-stress conditions, APH-1037 promotes aboveground growth. This suggests that the resource availability of treated seeds is increased to provide stronger aboveground growth (absorption or photosynthesis).

[0247] Salt content of APH-1037 was measured in relation to post-emergence stress and root length in wheat. Figure 13 This indicates that APH-1037 increased root growth under salt stress conditions on wheat seeds. Under stress conditions, aboveground growth is typically affected first, leading to an increase in the root:aboveground ratio.

[0248] APH-1037's effect on reduced irrigation-post-emergence stress in maize-root length measurement Figure 14 This indicates that under reduced irrigation conditions, APH-1037 increased root growth in treated maize seeds. Under stress conditions, aboveground growth is typically affected first, leading to an increased root:aboveground ratio.

[0249] Salt content of APH-1037 in relation to post-emergence stress in maize and root length measurement. Figure 15 This indicates that APH-1037 additionally increases the root-to-aerial ratio, exceeding the natural response of maize seeds (increased root growth without decreased above-ground growth). The increased root-to-aerial ratio increases the volume of soil that can be explored, thereby increasing the availability and absorption of water and minerals, which will contribute to improved above-ground growth over time, especially under high-pressure, saline conditions.

[0250] Salt content of APH-1037 was measured in relation to post-emergence stress and fine roots in maize. Figure 16 This indicates that APH-1037 further enhanced the growth of fine roots in maize seeds under high soil salinity conditions.

[0251] APH-1037's effect on reduced irrigation-post-emergence stress in maize-root length measurement Figure 17 This indicates that APH-1037 additionally increases the root-to-aerial ratio beyond the natural response of maize seeds (increased root growth without decreased above-ground growth). The increased root-to-aerial ratio increases the volume of soil that can be explored, thereby increasing the availability and absorption of water and minerals, which will help improve above-ground growth over time, similarly under reduced irrigation conditions.

[0252] APH-1037's reduced irrigation-post-emergence stress on maize-fine root measurement Figure 18 This indicates that APH-1037 further increased the growth of fine roots in maize seeds under reduced irrigation conditions.

[0253] APH-1037's effect on reduced irrigation-post-emergence stress in wheat-root length measurement Figure 19 This indicates that APH-1037 additionally increases the root-to-aerial ratio, exceeding the natural response of wheat seeds (increased root growth without decreased above-ground growth). The increased root-to-aerial ratio increases the volume of soil that can be explored, thereby increasing the availability and absorption of water and minerals, which will contribute to improved above-ground growth over time, especially under reduced irrigation conditions.

[0254] APH-1037's reduced irrigation-post-emergence stress on wheat-fine root measurement Figure 20 This indicates that APH-1037 further increased the growth of fine roots in wheat seeds under reduced irrigation conditions.

[0255] The dust shedding results of the composition (APH-1036) in Example 1 will be presented in Figure 21 and 23 middle.

[0256] These experiments were conducted under the following conditions: A Heubach Dustmeter was used to test 100g of seeds at a time, with the following parameters: airflow = 20L / min; rotation speed = 30rpm; time = 120 seconds. The filter disc was weighed before and after the test to determine the amount of dust collected.

[0257] result: The results of dust shedding when wheat was treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water were analyzed. Figure 21 This indicates that APH-1036 resulted in significantly less dust shedding when applied to wheat seeds (Skyfall) compared to untreated seeds.

[0258] The results of dust shedding when corn was treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water were analyzed. Figure 22 The results showed that APH-1036 had significantly less dust shedding when applied to maize seeds (Lovely) compared to untreated seeds.

[0259] The results of dust shedding when soybeans were treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water were analyzed. Figure 23 The results showed that APH-1036 had significantly lower dust shedding when applied to soybean seeds (conventional) compared to untreated seeds.

[0260] The dust shedding results of the composition (APH-1037) in Example 2 will be presented in Figure 24 and 26 in.

[0261] These experiments were conducted as bioassays under the following conditions: A Heubach Dustmeter was used to test 100g of seeds at a time, with the following parameters: airflow = 20L / min; rotation speed = 30rpm; time = 120 seconds. The filter disc was weighed before and after the test to determine the amount of dust collected.

[0262] result: The results of dust shedding when corn was treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water were analyzed. Figure 24 The results showed that APH-1037 had significantly less dust shedding when applied to maize seeds (Lovely) compared to untreated seeds.

[0263] The results of dust shedding when soybeans were treated with 1 mg / kg APH-1037 and 3 mL / kg water were analyzed. Figure 25 The results showed that APH-1037 had significantly lower dust shedding when applied to soybean seeds (conventional) compared to untreated seeds.

[0264] Figure 26 shows the dust shedding results when soybeans were treated with 2 mg / kg APH-1037 and 2 mL / kg water, indicating that APH-1037 applied to soybean seeds (conventional) resulted in significantly lower dust shedding compared to untreated seeds.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: (i) seaweed, (ii) oil, and (iii) At least two surfactants, The pH range of the composition is from about 3 to about 6.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the algae is brown algae.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the brown algae is a member of the class Phaeophyta.

4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the member of the brown algae class is *Bombyx mori*.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the seaweed is seaweed or seaweed extract, preferably seaweed extract, wherein the amount of the seaweed extract is from about 1% to about 20% of the total weight of the composition, based on the dry matter weight of the seaweed extract.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the oil is rapeseed oil.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the amount of said oil is from about 1% to about 20% of the total weight of the composition, by weight.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein one of the surfactants is a polymeric amphoteric surfactant; and the other is a polyol-based surfactant, preferably a sorbitol-based surfactant.

9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the amount of the polymeric amphoteric surfactant is from about 5% to about 10% of the total weight of the composition, by weight; and the amount of the polyol-based surfactant is from about 5% to about 10% of the total weight of the composition, by weight.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising: (i) *Bombyx mori* seaweed extract in the form of soluble seaweed extract powder (SSEP) or liquid seaweed extract (LSX), (ii) Rapeseed oil, (iii) A mixture of two surfactants, wherein one of the surfactants is a polymeric amphoteric surfactant; and the other is a polyol-based surfactant, such as a sorbitol-based surfactant. (iv) Water, and (v) Citric acid and / or its salts.

11. A method for managing crop productivity in plants, comprising applying to the plant, plant seeds, or plant growth medium an effective amount of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A method for preventing or mitigating the effects of abiotic stress in plants, comprising applying to the plant, plant seeds, or plant growth medium an effective amount of the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. The method according to any one of claims 11 or 12, wherein the composition is applied at a ratio of about 0.1 L to about 8 L per ton of seed.

14. Coated seeds, obtained by applying the composition according to any one of claims 1-10 to seeds and optionally drying them.

15. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1-10 in plants for crop productivity management and / or prevention or mitigation of abiotic stress.

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