Device for temperature sensing and light sensing, and display device

Abstract

An apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing is provided. An apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a light sensor. The light sensor includes a sensing transistor configured to output a first output signal and a reference transistor configured to output a second output signal. The first output signal is affected by ambient light brightness, temperature of the device, and backlight brightness. The second output signal is influenced by the temperature of the device and the backlight brightness. A difference between the first output signal and the second output signal is indicative of ambient light brightness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to display technology, and more particularly to a device for temperature sensing and light sensing, and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] The rapid development of smart home technology has led to an increased demand for intelligent and interactive devices that enhance user experience. For example, the television, a central component of many homes, has evolved from a simple display device into a multifunctional smart hub. Integrating advanced sensors and sophisticated algorithms, these smart screens now have the ability to monitor and interact with their environment, providing users with real-time data and enabling them to control various aspects of their home environment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] On one hand, this disclosure provides an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing, including a light sensor; wherein the light sensor includes a sensing transistor configured to output a first output signal and a reference transistor configured to output a second output signal; wherein the first output signal is affected by ambient light intensity, the temperature of the apparatus and backlight intensity; the second output signal is affected by the temperature of the apparatus and the backlight intensity; and the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal represents the ambient light intensity.

[0004] Optionally, the device further includes a black matrix; wherein ambient light is substantially blocked by the black matrix and cannot illuminate the reference transistor; and ambient light illuminating the sensing transistor is at least partially unblocked.

[0005] Optionally, the light sensor further includes at least one analog-to-digital converter and one or more processors; and wherein the one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and are configured to determine the ambient light intensity in real time.

[0006] Optionally, the optical sensor further includes a sensing resistor and a reference resistor; wherein a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor; a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor; a second terminal of the sensing resistor and the reference resistor are configured to be provided with the same voltage signal; the source of the sensing transistor and the reference transistor are configured to be provided with the same voltage signal; and the gate of the sensing transistor and the reference transistor are configured to be provided with the same voltage signal.

[0007] Optionally, the optical sensor further includes a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a second ADC; wherein the drain of the sensing transistor is connected to the first ADC; the source of the sensing transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal from the one or more processors, and the gate of the sensing transistor is grounded; the drain of the reference transistor is connected to the second ADC, the source of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a PWM signal from the one or more processors, and the gate of the reference transistor is grounded; a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is grounded; and a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is grounded.

[0008] Optionally, the first analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of the sensing transistor, is configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and is configured to send the first digital signal to the one or more processors; the second analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain of the reference transistor, is configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and is configured to send the second digital signal to the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, are configured to calculate the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and are configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.

[0009] Optionally, the optical sensor further includes a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a first analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a second ADC; wherein the drain of the sensing transistor is connected to the first ADC, the source and gate of the sensing transistor are connected to the one or more processors, and the sensing transistor is configured to receive a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal from the one or more processors; the drain of the reference transistor is connected to the second ADC, the source and gate of the reference transistor are connected to the one or more processors, and the reference transistor is configured to receive a PWM signal from the one or more processors; a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal; and a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal.

[0010] Optionally, the first analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of the sensing transistor, is configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and is configured to send the first digital signal to the one or more processors; the second analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain of the reference transistor, is configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and is configured to send the second digital signal to the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, are configured to calculate the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and are configured to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.

[0011] Optionally, the optical sensor further includes a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a differential amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; wherein the drain of the sensing transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, the source of the sensing transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and the gate of the sensing transistor is grounded; the drain of the reference transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, the source of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and the gate of the reference transistor is grounded; a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is grounded; and a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is grounded.

[0012] Optionally, the differential amplifier is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of the sensing transistor and a second output signal from the drain of the reference transistor, is configured to calculate the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, is configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and is configured to send the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier, is configured to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and is configured to send the digital signal to the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to receive the digital signal to obtain real-time ambient light intensity.

[0013] Optionally, the optical sensor further includes a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a differential amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; wherein the drain of the sensing transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, the source and gate of the sensing transistor are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors; the drain of the reference transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, the source and gate of the reference transistor are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors; a first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor, and a second terminal of the sensing resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal; and a first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor, and a second terminal of the reference resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal.

[0014] Optionally, the differential amplifier is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of the sensing transistor and a second output signal from the drain of the reference transistor, is configured to calculate the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, is configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and is configured to send the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier, is configured to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and is configured to send the digital signal to the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to receive the digital signal to obtain real-time ambient light intensity.

[0015] Optionally, the one or more processors are configured to receive a start signal from a timing controller, the start signal being used as an alignment signal for the pulse width modulation signal.

[0016] Optionally, the device further includes a temperature sensor; wherein the temperature sensor includes: a wire configured to receive an input voltage; a reference resistor connected in series with the wire; and one or more processors; wherein the wire and the reference resistor form a voltage divider; and the one or more processors are configured to obtain an output voltage from the voltage divider.

[0017] Optionally, the apparatus further includes means for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor; wherein the means for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor includes one or more light and temperature acquisition units; the one or more processors are configured to derive a calculated real-time temperature and are configured to compare the calculated real-time temperature with a measured real-time temperature, thereby calibrating the temperature sensor.

[0018] Optionally, the one or more processors are configured to derive the calculated real-time temperature according to the following formula:

[0019]

[0020] Wherein, Vout@(t+N)℃ represents the value of the output voltage at temperature (t+N)℃; r0@(t+N℃) represents the resistance value of the reference resistor at temperature (t+N)℃; r1@(t+N)℃ represents the resistance value of the temperature sensor at temperature (t+N)℃; and VCC represents the value of the input voltage applied to the temperature sensor in real time.

[0021] Optionally, the apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor includes a lighting device, a light source, and an ambient temperature sensor; wherein the lighting device is configured to communicate with the light source, the ambient temperature sensor, and the one or more processors via an interface protocol; the lighting device is configured to acquire temperature data from the ambient temperature sensor via the interface protocol, and is configured to send the ambient temperature value to the one or more processors via the interface protocol; the one or more processors are configured to store the ambient temperature value, and are configured to calibrate the temperature sensor based on the ambient temperature value; the lighting device is configured to send a switching command to the light source to control the brightness of the light source, and is configured to send the current illuminance value to a corresponding register in the one or more processors; and the one or more processors are configured to calibrate the light sensor.

[0022] On the other hand, this disclosure provides a display device, including the device and display panel described herein.

[0023] Optionally, the display device further includes a timing controller and an integrated circuit; wherein the integrated circuit is configured to store multiple sets of overdrive tables; the timing controller is configured to read the multiple sets of overdrive tables from the integrated circuit and apply the multiple sets of overdrive tables to the display panel; and the one or more processors are configured to read temperature data from the temperature sensor and send the temperature data to the timing controller.

[0024] Optionally, the display device further includes an integrated circuit, a power acquisition module configured to obtain power consumption data, and a system-on-a-chip; wherein the one or more processors are configured to process temperature data, backlight brightness data, and power consumption data to calculate the ambient temperature; and the one or more processors are configured to send the processed ambient temperature data to the system-on-a-chip via an interface protocol. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The following figures are merely illustrative examples based on various disclosed embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 4C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 4D This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 4E This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 5A The diagram illustrates the distribution of wires for a temperature sensor in a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 5B The diagram illustrates the distribution of wires for a temperature sensor in a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 6 The mechanism of light sensing in an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 12 These are exemplary characteristic curves of temperature sensors according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 13 These are exemplary characteristic curves of optical sensors according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 14 The present disclosure illustrates an apparatus for calibrating a temperature sensor and a light sensor according to some embodiments thereof.

[0045] Figure 15 Calibration curves of optical sensors according to some embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0046] Figure 16 The calibration process is illustrated in some embodiments according to this disclosure.

[0047] Figure 17 The present disclosure illustrates a communication process according to the I2C interface protocol in some embodiments.

[0048] Figure 18 The format of the I2C interface protocol according to some embodiments of this disclosure is described.

[0049] Figure 19 An exemplary I2C interface communication is described.

[0050] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a temperature sensing and light sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0051] Figure 21 The correlation between temperature ranges and overdrive tables is shown in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0052] Figure 22 Various factors affecting the temperature of the display panel are shown in some embodiments according to this disclosure.

[0053] Figure 23The effect of backlight temperature on the temperature of the display panel is shown in some embodiments according to this disclosure.

[0054] Figure 24 The effect of ambient temperature on the temperature of the display panel is illustrated in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0055] Figure 25 The effect of drive circuit power consumption on the temperature of the display panel is shown in some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0056] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system including means for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0057] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system including means for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0058] Figure 28 The correlation between illuminance ranges and automatic brightness control tables is shown in some embodiments according to this disclosure.

[0059] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a temperature sensing and light sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0060] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a temperature sensing and light sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0061] This disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be noted that the following description of some embodiments presented herein is for illustrative and descriptive purposes only. It is not exhaustive or limited to the precise forms disclosed.

[0062] This disclosure provides, in particular, an apparatus and a display device for temperature sensing and light sensing, which substantially eliminates one or more problems caused by the limitations and disadvantages of the prior art. In one aspect, this disclosure provides an apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing. In some embodiments, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a light sensor. In some embodiments, the light sensor includes a sensing transistor configured to output a first output signal and a reference transistor configured to output a second output signal. Optionally, the first output signal is affected by ambient light intensity, the temperature of the device, and backlight intensity. Optionally, the second output signal is affected by the temperature of the device and the backlight intensity. Optionally, the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal represents the ambient light intensity.

[0063] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The device includes a temperature sensor TS and a light sensor LS. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor TS is configured to operate based on the linear change in resistance with temperature. The structure includes a loop of wires (e.g., copper wires) arranged around the screen. In some embodiments, one or more processors (e.g., a microcontroller unit MCU) are configured to acquire changes in the resistive voltage divider to achieve temperature sensing. In one example, the temperature sensor TS, combined with a processor (such as a system-on-a-chip), can enable source drive and gate high voltage switching at different temperatures.

[0064] In some embodiments, the light sensor LS is configured to operate based on the characteristic that the cutoff current of one or more transistors varies with illumination. In some embodiments, the light sensor LS includes a sensing transistor Ts and a reference transistor Tr. One or more processors (e.g., a microcontroller unit MCU) are configured to generate a pulse-width modulated signal and send it to the source S of the sensing transistor Ts or the reference transistor Tr, and are configured to acquire the cutoff current from the drain D of the sensing transistor Ts or the reference transistor Tr. Light sensing is achieved by subtracting the value of the reference transistor Tr from the value of the sensing transistor Ts. In one example, the light sensor LS is combined with a processor (e.g., a system-on-a-chip) to adjust the backlight brightness according to different ambient light levels.

[0065] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the temperature sensor TS includes a wire (e.g., a copper wire). In one example, utilizing the linear change in resistance of copper with temperature, a loop of wire (e.g., a loop of copper wire) is arranged on the display panel DP. The resistance of the wire changes linearly with temperature. An input voltage VCC is applied to the resistor and connected in series with a reference resistor R0 to ground. The temperature sensor TS and the reference resistor R0 form a voltage divider. The temperature is obtained by acquiring the output voltage Vout from the voltage divider by one or more processors P (e.g., a microcontroller unit MCU). The output voltage Vout depends on the resistance of the temperature sensor TS, and therefore depends on the temperature.

[0066] The wires of the temperature sensor TS can have various suitable shapes. Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 4AIn some embodiments, the conductors include straight lines. Straight-line configurations are suitable for situations with ample space and fewer wiring constraints. Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 4B In some embodiments, the conductor includes a square wave line. The square wave line comprises a series of parallel and perpendicular line segments forming a square wave pattern. The square wave line helps to increase resistance within a limited space, thereby improving sensing accuracy. Figure 4C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 4C In some embodiments, the conductor includes a serrated wire. In one example, the serrated wire is a V-shaped serrated wire. The serrated wire helps to increase resistance in a limited space, thereby improving sensing accuracy. Figure 4D This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 4D In some embodiments, the wires comprise a grid. Grid patterns are commonly used for large-area temperature sensing. Grid patterns facilitate uniform distribution and stable temperature measurements. Figure 4E This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the wires of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 4E In some embodiments, the conductor includes curves, such as wavy lines or lines with a spiral shape. Curves are suitable for display panels with complex shapes. In some embodiments, the conductor includes... Figures 4A to 4E A combination of two or more of the shapes depicted.

[0067] Figure 5A The diagram illustrates the distribution of wires for a temperature sensor in a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 5A In one example, the conductors of the temperature sensor TS include square wave lines. In some embodiments, the conductors of the temperature sensor TS are evenly distributed on three sides of the display panel. This uniform distribution within the display panel ensures that the temperature is sensed evenly over most of the screen area.

[0068] Figure 5B The diagram illustrates the distribution of wires for a temperature sensor in a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 5BIn one example, the wires of the temperature sensor TS have a non-uniform distribution. In some embodiments, the wires of the temperature sensor TS include a first portion and a second portion. In one example, the first portion of the wire includes a square wave line; the second portion of the wire includes a straight line. The second portion extends at least partially through a region having a gate driver and / or gate line circuitry. In one example, the region is significantly affected by heat from the scanning circuitry (e.g., gate driver circuitry on an array). By making the second portion include a straight line, the temperature sensor TS is exposed to heat from the scanning circuitry.

[0069] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a mechanism of light sensing in an apparatus for temperature and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the light sensor is configured to detect light by utilizing the characteristic that the cutoff current of a transistor varies with illumination. (Refer to...) Figure 6 In some embodiments, the apparatus for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a sensing transistor Ts and a reference transistor Tr. Ambient light illuminating the reference transistor Tr is substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) blocked by a black matrix, while ambient light illuminating the sensing transistor Ts is at least partially (e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%) unblocked. A first output signal of the sensing transistor Ts is... Figure 6 The second output signal of the reference transistor Tr is represented by W. Figure 6 The difference between the first output signal W and the second output signal D is denoted as D. The inventors of this disclosure discovered that the first output signal W of the sensing sensor Ts is affected by ambient light intensity, temperature, and backlight intensity, while the second output signal D of the reference transistor Tr is affected by temperature and backlight intensity. Therefore, the difference between the first output signal W and the second output signal D represents the ambient light intensity.

[0070] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, reference is made to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The device for temperature and light sensing includes a light sensor LS, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a first processor P1, and an optional second processor P2 (e.g., a system-on-a-chip). Various suitable processors can be implemented as the first processor P1 and / or the second processor P2. For example, the first processor P1 and / or the second processor P2 can be any suitable existing processor capable of performing the functions described, such as a commercially available microcontroller or system-on-a-chip device.

[0071] In some embodiments, the optical sensor LS is configured to receive a drive signal from a first processor P1 and is configured to output a first output signal W and a second output signal D to an analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0072] In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is configured to convert the first output signal W and the second output signal D into a first digital signal and a second digital signal, respectively, and is configured to output the first digital signal and the second digital signal to the first processor P1.

[0073] In some embodiments, the first processor P1 is configured to receive a first digital signal and a second digital signal, to calculate the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain the real-time ambient light brightness. The first processor P1 is configured to perform differential calculation on the first digital signal and the second digital signal to eliminate interference from temperature and backlight brightness to obtain the true ambient light brightness.

[0074] In some embodiments, the second processor P2 is configured to interact with the first processor P1 to acquire ambient light brightness. The second processor P2 is configured to receive processed brightness data to adjust screen backlight brightness or for other related applications.

[0075] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 8 In some embodiments, the device for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a sensing transistor Ts, a reference transistor Tr, a sensing resistor Rs, a reference resistor Rr, a first analog-to-digital converter ADC1, a second analog-to-digital converter ADC2, and one or more processors P (e.g., a microcontroller unit).

[0076] In some embodiments, the drain of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1, the source of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from one or more processors, and the gate of the sensing transistor Ts is grounded.

[0077] In some embodiments, the drain of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter ADC2, the source of the reference transistor Tr is connected to one or more processors P and is configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from one or more processors, and the gate of the reference transistor Tr is grounded.

[0078] In some embodiments, the first end of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor Ts, and the second end of the sensing resistor Rs is grounded.

[0079] In some embodiments, the first terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to the drain of the reference transistor Tr, and the second terminal of the reference resistor Rr is grounded.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1 is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of a sensing transistor Ts, is configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and is configured to send the first digital signal to one or more processors P.

[0081] In some embodiments, the second analog-to-digital converter ADC2 is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain of a reference transistor Tr, is configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and is configured to send the second digital signal to one or more processors P.

[0082] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to receive a first digital signal and a second digital signal, to calculate the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.

[0083] In some embodiments, the first output signal is the cutoff current from the drain of the sensing transistor Ts; the second output signal is the cutoff current from the drain of the reference transistor Tr. In some embodiments, one or more processors P include a microcontroller unit configured to generate a pulse width modulation signal PWM.

[0084] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 9 In some embodiments, the device for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a sensing transistor Ts, a reference transistor Tr, a sensing resistor Rs, a reference resistor Rr, a first analog-to-digital converter ADC1, a second analog-to-digital converter ADC2, and one or more processors P (e.g., a microcontroller unit).

[0085] In some embodiments, the drain of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1, and the source and gate of the sensing transistor Ts are connected to one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from one or more processors P.

[0086] In some embodiments, the drain of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter ADC2, and the source and gate of the reference transistor Tr are connected to one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from one or more processors P.

[0087] In some embodiments, the first end of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor Ts, and the second end of the sensing resistor Rs is configured to receive a reference voltage signal V0.

[0088] In some embodiments, the first terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to the drain of the reference transistor Tr, and the second terminal of the reference resistor Rr is configured to receive a reference voltage signal V0.

[0089] In some embodiments, the first analog-to-digital converter ADC1 is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of a sensing transistor Ts, is configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and is configured to send the first digital signal to one or more processors P.

[0090] In some embodiments, the second analog-to-digital converter ADC2 is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain of a reference transistor Tr, is configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and is configured to send the second digital signal to one or more processors P.

[0091] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to receive a first digital signal and a second digital signal, to calculate the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first output signal is the cutoff current from the drain of the sensing transistor Ts; the second output signal is the cutoff current from the drain of the reference transistor Tr. In some embodiments, one or more processors P include a microcontroller unit configured to generate a pulse width modulation signal PWM.

[0093] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to receive a start signal STV from a timing controller TCON. The start signal STV is introduced to one or more processors P as an alignment signal for a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. The inventors of this disclosure have discovered that by using the start signal STV as an alignment signal for the PWM signal, interference from the clock signal of each frame to the optical sensor can be avoided. In some embodiments, when the first output signal and the second output signal are output, the rising edge of the start signal STV is used as a marker, delayed by n milliseconds, where n is a positive integer. In one example, n = 50.

[0094] In some embodiments, the gates of the sensing transistor Ts and the reference transistor Tr are configured to be provided with a pulse width modulation signal PWM to improve the output voltage, thereby avoiding the negative voltage problem caused by signal jitter.

[0095] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 10 In some embodiments, the means for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a sensing transistor Ts, a reference transistor Tr, a sensing resistor Rs, a reference resistor Rr, a differential amplifier AMP, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and one or more processors P (e.g., a timing controller or a field-programmable gate array).

[0096] In some embodiments, the drain of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the differential amplifier AMP, the source of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from one or more processors P, and the gate of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to ground.

[0097] In some embodiments, the drain of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the differential amplifier AMP, the source of the reference transistor Tr is connected to one or more processors P and is configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from one or more processors P, and the gate of the reference transistor Tr is grounded.

[0098] In some embodiments, the first end of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor Ts, and the second end of the sensing resistor Rs is grounded.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to the drain of the reference transistor Tr, and the second terminal of the reference resistor Rr is grounded.

[0100] In some embodiments, the differential amplifier AMP is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of a sensing transistor Ts and a second output signal from the drain of a reference transistor Tr, is configured to calculate the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, is configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and is configured to send the amplified difference signal to an analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0101] In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is configured to receive an amplified differential signal from a differential amplifier (AMP), to convert the amplified differential signal into a digital signal, and to send the digital signal to one or more processors (P).

[0102] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to receive digital signals to obtain real-time ambient light levels.

[0103] In some embodiments, the first output signal is the cutoff current from the drain of the sensing transistor Ts; the second output signal is the cutoff current from the drain of the reference transistor Tr. In some embodiments, one or more processors P include a timing controller or a field-programmable gate array.

[0104] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a device for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 11 In some embodiments, the means for temperature sensing and light sensing includes a sensing transistor Ts, a reference transistor Tr, a sensing resistor Rs, a reference resistor Rr, a differential amplifier AMP, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, and one or more processors P (e.g., a timing controller or a field-programmable gate array).

[0105] In some embodiments, the drain of the sensing transistor Ts is connected to the differential amplifier AMP, and the source and gate of the sensing transistor Ts are connected to one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from one or more processors P.

[0106] In some embodiments, the drain of the reference transistor Tr is connected to the differential amplifier AMP, and the source and gate of the reference transistor Tr are connected to one or more processors P and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal PWM from one or more processors P.

[0107] In some embodiments, the first end of the sensing resistor Rs is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor Ts, and the second end of the sensing resistor Rs is configured to receive a reference voltage signal V0.

[0108] In some embodiments, the first terminal of the reference resistor Rr is connected to the drain of the reference transistor Tr, and the second terminal of the reference resistor Rr is configured to receive a reference voltage signal V0.

[0109] In some embodiments, the differential amplifier AMP is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of a sensing transistor Ts and a second output signal from the drain of a reference transistor Tr, is configured to calculate the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, is configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and is configured to send the amplified difference signal to an analog-to-digital converter ADC.

[0110] In some embodiments, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is configured to receive an amplified differential signal from a differential amplifier (AMP), to convert the amplified differential signal into a digital signal, and to send the digital signal to one or more processors (P).

[0111] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to receive digital signals to obtain real-time ambient light levels.

[0112] In some embodiments, the first output signal is the cutoff current from the drain of the sensing transistor Ts; the second output signal is the cutoff current from the drain of the reference transistor Tr. In some embodiments, one or more processors P include a timing controller TCON or a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0113] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to generate or receive a start signal STV. The start signal STV serves as an alignment signal for a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal. The inventors of this disclosure have discovered that by using the start signal STV as an alignment signal for the PWM signal, interference from the clock signal of each frame to the optical sensor can be avoided. In some embodiments, when the first output signal and the second output signal are output, the rising edge of the start signal STV is used as a marker, delayed by n milliseconds, where n is a positive integer. In one example, n = 50.

[0114] Because variations in the manufacturing process cause fluctuations in the sensor's characteristic curves, which affect the final reading accuracy, each screen needs to be calibrated to ensure the accuracy of the optical and temperature sensors. Figure 12 These are exemplary characteristic curves of a temperature sensor according to some embodiments of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 12 The characteristic curve of the temperature sensor is a slanted line. Figure 13 These are exemplary characteristic curves of a light sensor according to some embodiments of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 13 The characteristic curve of the optical sensor resembles a parabola.

[0115] Figure 14 This illustration shows an apparatus for calibrating a temperature sensor and a light sensor according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 14 In some embodiments, the apparatus for calibrating temperature and light sensors includes one or more processors P and one or more light and temperature sensors LTC. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to drive image display in a display panel DP and to control temperature and light sensing. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are connected to the light source via a fixed interface protocol (e.g., I2C interface protocol), thereby allowing real-time commands to adjust the brightness of the light source.

[0116] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to raise or lower at least one of one or more light and temperature collectors LTC. When the display panel DP is conveyed to the target station, the one or more light and temperature collectors LTC move (e.g., lower) to one or more locations near the light sensor or temperature sensor in the display panel DP, respectively. In some embodiments, the means for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor further includes a curtain that substantially surrounds the light and temperature collectors in the one or more light and temperature collectors LTC, thereby creating a dark environment to ensure accurate readings from the light sensor.

[0117] In some embodiments, at least one of one or more light and temperature collectors (LTCs) includes a light source configured to provide controlled illumination conditions for calibrating the light sensor.

[0118] In some embodiments, at least one of one or more light and temperature acquisition devices (LTCs) includes a thermometer (e.g., located near a curtain) configured to acquire real-time ambient temperature to ensure accurate calibration of the temperature sensor.

[0119] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 14 In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to calculate the temperature coefficient of resistance. The temperature coefficient of resistance represents the relative change in resistance (or resistivity) per degree Celsius increase in temperature. The temperature sensor TS has a resistor R1.

[0120] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to acquire the value of the output voltage Vout from the voltage divider and are configured to acquire real-time data of the input voltage VCC applied to the temperature sensor TS.

[0121] In some embodiments, the output voltage Vout at temperature t℃ is expressed as:

[0122]

[0123] Wherein, Vout@t℃ represents the value of the output voltage Vout at temperature t℃; r0@t℃ represents the resistance value of the reference resistor R0 at temperature t℃; r1@t℃ represents the resistance value R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature t℃; and VCC represents the value of the input voltage VCC applied to the temperature sensor TS in real time.

[0124] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to calculate the resistance value R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature t℃ according to equation (1).

[0125] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are also configured to calibrate a temperature sensor TS. In one example, the external temperature is (t+N)℃.

[0126] The resistance value R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature (t+N)℃ is expressed as:

[0127] r1@(t+N)℃=r1@t℃×(1+(N×TCR1));

[0128] Where r1@(t+N℃) represents the resistance value R1 of temperature sensor TS at temperature (t+N)℃; r1@t℃ represents the resistance value R1 of temperature sensor TS at temperature t℃; and TCR1 represents the temperature coefficient of resistance R1 of temperature sensor TS.

[0129] The resistance value of the reference resistor R0 at temperature (t+N)℃ is expressed as:

[0130] r0@(t+N)℃=r0@t℃×(1+(N×TCR2));

[0131] Where r0@(t+N)℃ represents the resistance value of the reference resistor R0 at temperature (t+N)℃; r0@t℃ represents the resistance value of the reference resistor R0 at temperature t℃; and TCR2 represents the temperature coefficient of the resistance of the reference resistor R0.

[0132] In some embodiments, the output voltage Vout at a temperature of (t+N)℃ is expressed as:

[0133]

[0134] Wherein, Vout@(t+N)℃ represents the value of the output voltage Vout at temperature (t+N)℃; r0@(t+N℃) represents the resistance value of the reference resistor R0 at temperature (t+N)℃; r1@(t+N)℃ represents the resistance value R1 of the temperature sensor TS at temperature (t+N)℃; and VCC represents the value of the input voltage VCC applied to the temperature sensor TS in real time.

[0135] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are configured to derive a calculated real-time temperature according to equation (2) and are configured to compare the calculated real-time temperature with the measured real-time temperature to calibrate the temperature sensor TS.

[0136] In some embodiments, one or more processors P are also configured to calibrate the optical sensor. Figure 15 Calibration curves for optical sensors according to some embodiments of this disclosure are shown. (Refer to...) Figure 15 The curve illustrates the correlation between the difference signal DS and illuminance. The difference signal DS is the difference between a first digital signal and a second digital signal received by one or more processors P. Illuminance is a value measured in real time.

[0137] Reference Figure 15 Collect N data points and record the illuminance value and the corresponding difference signal value for each data point. The more data points (N), the more accurate the curve simulation. In one example, collect and record two data points: a (a, A) and b (b, B), where a and b are the illuminance values, and A and B are the corresponding difference signal values.

[0138] In a specific example, the line segment between two points (a, A) and (b, B) can be considered a straight line segment. This straight line segment can be represented as Y = Kx + m, where K is the slope of the straight line segment and m is the intercept. By substituting the coordinates of the two known points, the values ​​of K and m can be obtained:

[0139]

[0140] m = AK × a (4);

[0141] Where a and b are illuminance values, and A and B are the corresponding difference signal values.

[0142] Once the values ​​of K and m are determined, the real-time illuminance can be determined according to the following formula:

[0143]

[0144] Where L represents the real-time value of illuminance; DSRT represents the value of the difference signal obtained in real time.

[0145] Figure 16 The calibration process according to some embodiments of this disclosure is illustrated. (Refer to...) Figure 16 During calibration, the lighting device LD is configured to communicate with the light source LSC, the ambient temperature sensor ATS, and one or more processors P via an interface protocol (e.g., I2C). The light source LSC is configured to provide controllable illumination conditions. The ambient temperature sensor ATS is configured to monitor the ambient temperature and send the ambient temperature value to the lighting device LD. The one or more processors P are configured to perform data calculations and calibration. The light sensor LS and the temperature sensor TS are configured to perform real-time detection of light and temperature.

[0146] In some embodiments, the lighting device LD is configured to acquire temperature data from the ambient temperature sensor ATS via an I2C interface protocol, and is configured to send the ambient temperature value to one or more processors P via the I2C interface protocol. The one or more processors P are configured to store the ambient temperature value. The one or more processors P are also configured to calibrate the temperature sensor TS based on the ambient temperature value.

[0147] In some embodiments, the lighting device LD is configured to send a switching command to the light source LSC to control the brightness of the light source LSC, and is configured to send the current illuminance value to a corresponding register in one or more processors P. The one or more processors P are configured to calculate the values ​​of K and m for the curve segment as described above, thereby calibrating the light sensor LS.

[0148] Figure 17 The diagram illustrates a communication process according to the I2C interface protocol in some embodiments of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 17 I2C communication is used to transfer data and control commands between one or more processors P and the lighting device LD. In some embodiments, the one or more processors P are configured to provide specific register addresses for storing the acquired illuminance values ​​and calculation results. The lighting device LD is configured to send a switching command to the light source LSC and send the illuminance value to the corresponding register of the one or more processors P. After receiving the switching command, the one or more processors P are configured to acquire the value of the difference signal corresponding to the current illuminance value. The one or more processors P are configured to calculate the values ​​of K and m of the curve segment as described above, thereby calibrating the light sensor LS.

[0149] Figure 18 The format of the I2C interface protocol according to some embodiments of this disclosure is described. (Refer to...) Figure 18 S represents the start signal, and the device ID ranges from 0x01 to 0x02 (7 bits). The memory address represents the illuminance indication value. (See reference...) Figure 17 and Figure 18 In some embodiments, 0x81 to 0x8D represent 13 illuminance indication values; for example, 0x81 corresponds to illuminance 0; 0x82 corresponds to illuminance 1; 0x83 corresponds to illuminance 5; 0x8C corresponds to illuminance 2560; and 0x8D corresponds to illuminance 5120. 0x91+N represents a temperature indication value, where N represents the current Celsius temperature (e.g., 0x91 corresponds to 0°C, 0x92 corresponds to 1°C, ..., 0xAA corresponds to 25°C). R represents a read operation bit (e.g., 1). W represents a write operation bit (e.g., 0). P represents a stop signal. Result represents the execution result value; for example, 0x00 indicates success, and 0xFF indicates failure (8 bits). Figure 19 An exemplary I2C interface communication is described.

[0150] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a temperature sensing and light sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 21 The correlation between temperature ranges and overdrive tables is shown in some embodiments of this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 20The system includes a display panel (DP), a timing controller (TCON), an integrated circuit (IC) (e.g., a power management IC), and one or more processors (P). The IC is configured to store multiple sets of overdrive tables. The TCON is configured to read the overdrive tables from the IC and apply them to the display panel (DP). One or more processors (P) are configured to read temperature data from a temperature sensor and send the temperature data to the TCON. (See reference...) Figure 21 T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 represent different temperatures, thus defining different temperature ranges. OD tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent overdrive tables corresponding to the temperature ranges.

[0151] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 20 A temperature sensor is configured to monitor real-time temperature data of the display panel DP and to send the temperature data to one or more processors P. The one or more processors P are configured to send the real-time temperature data to a timing controller TCON. The timing controller TCON is configured to read the real-time temperature data from the one or more processors P and to calculate which temperature range (the nth temperature range) the current temperature falls into based on the real-time temperature data. The timing controller TCON is also configured to adaptively adjust the voltage output, such as AVDD and VGH, in the integrated circuit IC according to the calculated temperature range. By adjusting the power output, the timing controller TCON improves performance, reduces the negative impact of excessive temperature rise in the PLG area, and ensures the stability of display performance.

[0152] Figure 22 Various factors affecting the temperature of the display panel are illustrated in some embodiments according to this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 22 In some embodiments, the temperature of the display panel is affected by one or more of several factors. First, the backlight continuously generates heat, thus affecting the temperature of the display panel (DP). Second, the ambient temperature affects the heat dissipation of the display panel (DP). Third, when the display panel (DP) is driven, the driving circuitry of the display panel (DP) consumes energy and generates heat. Figure 22 In this diagram, BL T represents the backlight temperature, DPT represents the display panel temperature, AMT represents the ambient temperature, and DR IN represents the driver circuit input.

[0153] Figure 23This illustration shows the effect of backlight temperature on the temperature of a display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Backlight is one of the main factors affecting screen temperature. The effect of backlight is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the higher the backlight brightness, the greater the power consumption of the display panel (DP), and the higher the temperature. Increased radiative heat dissipation leads to a higher temperature for the display panel DP. Second, the longer the operating time, the higher the temperature of the display panel DP rises. The backlight temperature shows an upward trend over time until it reaches a stable state. (Refer to...) Figure 23 The vertical axis represents the display panel temperature (DP), and the horizontal axis represents time. Illuminance 1, Illuminance 2, and Illuminance 3 represent different backlight brightness levels that affect screen temperature.

[0154] Figure 24 The effect of ambient temperature on the temperature of the display panel is illustrated in some embodiments according to this disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 24 The effect of ambient temperature on the temperature of the display panel (DP) is represented by a straight line with a 45-degree slope. When the display panel (DP) is not affected by backlighting and driving circuitry, its temperature is the same as the ambient temperature.

[0155] Figure 25 This illustration shows the effect of drive circuit power consumption on the temperature of the display panel according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The drive circuit is another important factor affecting the temperature of the display panel (DP). The effect of the drive circuit is mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the higher the drive power consumption, the higher the temperature of the display panel (DP). High-power drive circuits generate more heat, leading to an increase in the temperature of the display panel (DP). Second, the longer the operating time, the higher the temperature of the display panel (DP) rises due to accumulated heat. The temperature increases over time until it reaches a steady state.

[0156] In some embodiments, the temperature of the display panel (DP) can be determined according to the following formula:

[0157] Tdp=(K0 ∫BLL×dt)+(K1 ∫PC×dt)+Tam (6);

[0158] Where Tdp represents the temperature of the display panel DP, dt represents the time derivative, Tam represents the ambient temperature, BLL represents the backlight brightness, PC represents the power consumption of the driving circuit, K0 represents a coefficient that represents the effect of backlight brightness on the temperature of the display panel DP, and K1 represents a coefficient that represents the effect of the power consumption of the driving circuit on the temperature of the display panel DP.

[0159] In some embodiments, a backlight brightness sensor may be used to obtain the backlight brightness. A black matrix is ​​used to substantially (e.g., at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100%) block ambient light to prevent ambient light from illuminating the backlight brightness sensor, which is configured to receive light emitted from the backlight at least partially (e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%). The backlight brightness sensor is configured to send a backlight brightness signal to one or more processors, and the one or more processors are configured to calculate the backlight brightness based on the backlight brightness signal.

[0160] In some embodiments, backlight brightness can be obtained from the backlight driver. Backlight brightness adjustment is typically achieved by outputting a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal from the backlight driver. By controlling the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the backlight brightness can be adjusted. Therefore, the PWM signal from the backlight driver can be used as a reference for obtaining backlight brightness information.

[0161] In some embodiments, the power consumption of the driver circuit can be obtained by measuring the power supply voltage signal current of the gamma module in the driver circuit. The higher the current, the higher the power consumption.

[0162] In some embodiments, the power consumption of the driver circuit can be obtained by measuring the power supply voltage signal current of the timing controller. The higher the current, the higher the power consumption.

[0163] In some embodiments, the signal processing module calculates the ambient temperature and sends it to the SoC (System-on-Chip). The SoC processes the signal to perform various functions. For example, by sensing the ambient temperature, the current ambient temperature can be displayed in real time on a display panel. In another example, the SoC processes the signal to automatically control the on / off of air conditioning and other temperature-regulating devices based on changes in ambient temperature to maintain a suitable indoor temperature. In yet another example, the SoC processes the signal to provide personalized temperature alerts based on ambient temperature, such as clothing suggestions for going out.

[0164] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system including means for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 26 In some embodiments, the system includes a backlight brightness acquisition module (BLM), a power consumption acquisition module (PCM), a display panel temperature acquisition module (TMM), a timer (TM), one or more processors (P), and a system-on-chip (SOC). The one or more processors (P) are configured to receive information about the display panel temperature, backlight brightness, and power consumption of the driver circuitry, and are configured to send information about the ambient temperature to the SOC.

[0165] Figure 27This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a system including means for temperature sensing and light sensing according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 27 A temperature sensor TS is configured to acquire temperature data and send the temperature data to one or more processors P. A light sensor LS is configured to acquire a difference signal and send the difference signal to one or more processors P, as described above. A power acquisition module PCM is configured to acquire power consumption data, for example, via an integrated circuit (e.g., a power management integrated circuit) on a timing controller or an external power consumption monitoring unit. A timer TM can be built into the signal processing module or external. One or more processors P are configured to process the temperature data, backlight brightness data, and power consumption data to calculate the ambient temperature. One or more processors P are configured to send the processed ambient temperature data to the system-on-chip (SoC) via an interface protocol, such as the I2C interface protocol. One or more processors P can actively send data or store ambient brightness information in registers so that the SoC can read it as needed via the I2C interface protocol.

[0166] Figure 28 The diagram illustrates the correlation between illuminance ranges and automatic brightness control tables in some embodiments according to this disclosure. By monitoring ambient light intensity, the system can adaptively adjust screen brightness to optimize display performance and user experience. (See also...) Figure 20 and Figure 28 An ambient light sensor is configured to monitor ambient light brightness in real time and send the ambient light brightness data to one or more processors P. A timing controller TCON (or on-chip system) is configured to read the real-time brightness data from one or more processors P and is configured to calculate which brightness range (e.g., L1, L2, L3, L4, or L5) the current ambient light brightness belongs to. Based on the calculation result, the timing controller TCON (or on-chip system) is configured to retrieve the corresponding ACC table (e.g., ACC table 1, ACC table 2, ACC table 3, or ACC table 4) from the integrated circuit IC. According to the retrieved ACC table, the timing controller TCON (or on-chip system) is configured to adaptively adjust the brightness of the display panel to optimize display performance.

[0167] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a temperature sensing and light sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. (Refer to...) Figure 29 The timing controller TCON (or on-chip system) is configured to read real-time brightness data from one or more processors P and to calculate which brightness range (e.g., L1, L2, L3, L4, or L5) the current ambient light brightness belongs to. Based on the calculation result, the timing controller TCON (or on-chip system) is configured to communicate with the backlight BL to adaptively adjust the backlight brightness.

[0168] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a temperature sensing and light sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. By monitoring ambient light and temperature data and communicating with other smart home devices, the system can adjust ambient lighting, air conditioning, and other functions to enhance the overall smart home experience. (See also...) Figure 30 One or more processors P are configured to acquire real-time ambient temperature data via a temperature sensor and real-time ambient light intensity data via a light sensor. The processors P are configured to process the acquired temperature and light intensity data and transmit it to the System-on-Chip (SoC) via a communication protocol. The SoC is configured to communicate with other smart home devices (such as ambient lighting and air conditioning) based on the received temperature and light intensity data. In one example, the SoC is configured to automatically adjust the brightness and color of the ambient lighting based on the ambient light intensity. In another example, the SoC is configured to automatically adjust the temperature and fan speed of the air conditioner based on the ambient temperature to maintain indoor comfort.

[0169] On the other hand, this disclosure provides a display device, including the means for temperature sensing and light sensing described herein, and a display panel. Examples of suitable display devices include, but are not limited to, electronic paper, mobile phones, tablet computers, televisions, monitors, laptop computers, digital photo albums, GPS devices, etc. Optionally, the display device is a liquid crystal display device. Optionally, the display device is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display device. Optionally, the display device is a miniature OLED display device. Optionally, the display device is a miniature OLED display device.

[0170] On the other hand, this disclosure provides a method for temperature sensing and light sensing. In some embodiments, the method includes: outputting a first output signal through a sensing transistor of a light sensor; and outputting a second output signal through a reference transistor of the light sensor. Optionally, the first output signal is affected by ambient light intensity, device temperature, and backlight intensity. Optionally, the second output signal is affected by device temperature and backlight intensity. Optionally, the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal represents the ambient light intensity.

[0171] For illustrative and descriptive purposes, the foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been provided. It is not exhaustive, nor is it intended to limit the invention to the precise forms or exemplary embodiments disclosed. Therefore, the foregoing description should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive. Clearly, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to explain the principles of the invention and its best mode of practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to understand the various embodiments of the invention and the various modifications suitable for the particular use or implementation contemplated. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, wherein, unless otherwise stated, all terms are to be interpreted in their broadest reasonable sense. Therefore, the terms “the invention,” “the present invention,” etc., do not necessarily limit the scope of the claims to specific examples, and references to exemplary embodiments of the invention do not imply limitation of the invention, nor should such limitation be inferred. The invention is defined only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, these claims may involve the use of “first,” “second,” etc., followed by nouns or elements. These terms should be understood as nomenclature and should not be construed as limiting the number of elements modified by these nomenclatures unless a specific number has been given. Any advantages and benefits described may not apply to all embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that changes to the described embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, the elements and components in this disclosure are not intended for public distribution, whether or not they are expressly recited in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for temperature sensing and light sensing, comprising a light sensor; in, The optical sensor includes a sensing transistor configured to output a first output signal and a reference transistor configured to output a second output signal; The first output signal is affected by ambient light intensity, the temperature of the device, and backlight intensity. The second output signal is affected by the temperature of the device and the backlight brightness; and The difference between the first output signal and the second output signal represents the ambient light intensity.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a black matrix; in, Ambient light is essentially blocked by the black matrix and cannot illuminate the reference transistor; and The ambient light shining on the sensing transistor is at least partially unobstructed.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The optical sensor further includes at least one analog-to-digital converter and one or more processors; and The one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and are configured to determine the ambient light intensity in real time.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The optical sensor also includes a sensing resistor and a reference resistor; Wherein, the first end of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor; The first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor; The second terminals of the sensing resistor and the reference resistor are configured to be supplied with the same voltage signal; The sources of the sensing transistor and the reference transistor are configured to be supplied with the same voltage signal; and The gates of the sensing transistor and the reference transistor are configured to be supplied with the same voltage signal.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The optical sensor also includes a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a first analog-to-digital converter, and a second analog-to-digital converter; The drain of the sensing transistor is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter; The source of the sensing transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and the gate of the sensing transistor is grounded; The drain of the reference transistor is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter, the source of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and the gate of the reference transistor is grounded. The first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor, and the second terminal of the sensing resistor is grounded; and The first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor, and the second terminal of the reference resistor is grounded.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, The first analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of the sensing transistor, is configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and is configured to send the first digital signal to the one or more processors; The second analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain of the reference transistor, is configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and is configured to send the second digital signal to the one or more processors; as well as The one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, to calculate the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.

7. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The optical sensor also includes a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a first analog-to-digital converter, and a second analog-to-digital converter; The drain of the sensing transistor is connected to the first analog-to-digital converter, the source and gate of the sensing transistor are connected to the one or more processors, and it is configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors. The drain of the reference transistor is connected to the second analog-to-digital converter, the source and gate of the reference transistor are connected to the one or more processors, and the reference transistor is configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors; The first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor, and the second terminal of the sensing resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal; and The first end of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor, and the second end of the reference resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The first analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of the sensing transistor, is configured to convert the first output signal into a first digital signal, and is configured to send the first digital signal to the one or more processors; The second analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive a second output signal from the drain of the reference transistor, is configured to convert the second output signal into a second digital signal, and is configured to send the second digital signal to the one or more processors; as well as The one or more processors are configured to receive the first digital signal and the second digital signal, to calculate the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and to compare the difference between the first digital signal and the second digital signal with a standard waveform to obtain real-time ambient light brightness.

9. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The optical sensor also includes a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a differential amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; The drain of the sensing transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, the source of the sensing transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and the gate of the sensing transistor is grounded. The drain of the reference transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, the source of the reference transistor is connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors, and the gate of the reference transistor is grounded. The first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor, and the second terminal of the sensing resistor is grounded; and The first terminal of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor, and the second terminal of the reference resistor is grounded.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, The differential amplifier is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of the sensing transistor and a second output signal from the drain of the reference transistor, is configured to calculate the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, is configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and is configured to send the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter. The analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier, to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and to send the digital signal to the one or more processors. as well as The one or more processors are configured to receive the digital signal to obtain real-time ambient light intensity.

11. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The optical sensor also includes a sensing resistor, a reference resistor, a differential amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter; The drain of the sensing transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, and the source and gate of the sensing transistor are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors. The drain of the reference transistor is connected to the differential amplifier, and the source and gate of the reference transistor are connected to the one or more processors and configured to receive a pulse width modulation signal from the one or more processors; The first terminal of the sensing resistor is connected to the drain of the sensing transistor, and the second terminal of the sensing resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal; and The first end of the reference resistor is connected to the drain of the reference transistor, and the second end of the reference resistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The differential amplifier is configured to receive a first output signal from the drain of the sensing transistor and a second output signal from the drain of the reference transistor, is configured to calculate the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, is configured to generate an amplified difference signal based on the difference between the first output signal and the second output signal, and is configured to send the amplified difference signal to the analog-to-digital converter. The analog-to-digital converter is configured to receive the amplified difference signal from the differential amplifier, to convert the amplified difference signal into a digital signal, and to send the digital signal to the one or more processors. as well as The one or more processors are configured to receive the digital signal to obtain real-time ambient light intensity.

13. The apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 12, wherein, The one or more processors are configured to receive a start signal from a timing controller, the start signal being used as an alignment signal for the pulse width modulation signal.

14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a temperature sensor; in, The temperature sensor includes: A wire configured to receive an input voltage; A reference resistor, which is connected in series with the wire; and One or more processors; Wherein, the wire and the reference resistor form a voltage divider; and The one or more processors are configured to obtain an output voltage from the voltage divider.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising means for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor; in, The apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor includes one or more light and temperature collectors; The one or more processors are configured to derive a calculated real-time temperature and to compare the calculated real-time temperature with a measured real-time temperature to calibrate the temperature sensor.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, The one or more processors are configured to derive the calculated real-time temperature according to the following formula: Wherein, Vout@(t+N)℃ represents the value of the output voltage at temperature (t+N)℃; r0@(t+N℃) represents the resistance value of the reference resistor at temperature (t+N)℃; r1@(t+N)℃ represents the resistance value of the temperature sensor at temperature (t+N)℃; and VCC represents the value of the input voltage applied to the temperature sensor in real time.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein, The apparatus for calibrating the temperature sensor and the light sensor includes a lighting device, a light source, and an ambient temperature sensor; The lighting device is configured to communicate with the light source, the ambient temperature sensor, and the one or more processors via an interface protocol. The lighting device is configured to acquire temperature data from the ambient temperature sensor via the interface protocol, and is configured to send the ambient temperature value to the one or more processors via the interface protocol; The one or more processors are configured to store the value of the ambient temperature and to calibrate the temperature sensor based on the value of the ambient temperature; The lighting device is configured to send a switching command to the light source to control the brightness of the light source, and is configured to send the current illuminance value to a corresponding register in one or more processors; and The one or more processors are configured to calibrate the optical sensor.

18. A display device comprising the device and display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. The display device according to claim 18, further comprising a timing controller and an integrated circuit; in, The integrated circuit is configured to store multiple sets of overdrive tables; The timing controller is configured to read the multiple sets of overdrive tables from the integrated circuit and apply the multiple sets of overdrive tables to the display panel; as well as The one or more processors are configured to read temperature data from the temperature sensor and send the temperature data to the timing controller.

20. The display device of claim 18, further comprising an integrated circuit, a power acquisition module configured to acquire power consumption data, and a system-on-a-chip; in, The one or more processors are configured to process temperature data, backlight brightness data, and power consumption data to calculate the ambient temperature; as well as The one or more processors are configured to send processed ambient temperature data to the system-on-a-chip via an interface protocol.

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