Antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna and electronic equipment, belongs to the technical field of antennas, and can solve the problems that an existing antenna is relatively narrow in bandwidth and relatively weak in anti-interference capability. The antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate; the reference electrode layer is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation structure and the feed structure are arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, the radiation structure is electrically connected with the feed structure, and the radiation structure and the feed structure are overlapped with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer on the dielectric substrate; wherein the feed structure at least comprises a first signal line; the line widths of at least partial positions of the first signal line are unequal, and the line width of the first signal line close to the radiation structure is not greater than the line width of the first signal line far away from the radiation structure. The antenna disclosed by the invention has a relatively wide bandwidth and can prevent interference of a 5GHz wireless signal.

Description

Antennas and electronic devices

[0001] This disclosure belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to an antenna and an electronic device.

[0002] With the continuous development of wireless communication technology, traditional communication systems can no longer meet consumers' growing demands for communication quality and information transmission rate; moreover, due to the continuous growth in the number of wireless users, spectrum resources are becoming increasingly scarce.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, the main development direction of modern communication systems is to maximize signal channel capacity and spectrum utilization. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is a wireless communication technology characterized by its extremely wide signal bandwidth. It is precisely because of this large bandwidth that UWB-based communication systems possess advantages such as high-speed data transmission, low power consumption, high-precision positioning, strong anti-interference capabilities, strong privacy protection, and low cost, making them suitable for a variety of application scenarios. For example, UWB-based communication systems have been widely used in smart homes, environmental monitoring, positioning and navigation, and wireless sensing, among other fields.

[0004] However, UWB communication systems and 5G communication systems are different wireless communication technologies. Therefore, when both UWB and 5G communication systems are used in an indoor setting, the UWB communication system may be interfered with by the 5GHz wireless signal.

[0005]

[0006] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. One aspect is to provide an antenna comprising: a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate including a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along its thickness direction; a reference electrode layer disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate; a radiating structure and a feeding structure disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, the radiating structure and the feeding structure being electrically connected, and both overlapping with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer onto the dielectric substrate; wherein the feeding structure includes at least a first signal line; the linewidth of the first signal line is unequal at at least a portion of its position, and the linewidth of the first signal line near the radiating structure is not greater than the linewidth away from the radiating structure.

[0007] In some examples, the power supply structure further includes a first reference electrode and a second reference electrode disposed on the dielectric substrate and located on both sides of the extension direction of the first signal line.

[0008] In some examples, both the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other; the first side is closer to the radiating structure than the second side and is opposite to the radiating structure; the fourth side is closer to the first signal line than the third side and is opposite to the first signal line; at least one of the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode also includes a first connecting edge connecting the first side and the third side, and the angle between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge and the extension of the first side, and the angle between the tangent and the extension of the third side, are both obtuse angles.

[0009] In some examples, the first connecting edge includes a straight line segment or an arc segment.

[0010] In some examples, both the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, as well as a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other; the first side is closer to the radiating structure than the second side and is opposite to the radiating structure; the fourth side is closer to the first signal line than the third side and is opposite to the first signal line; at least one of the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode further includes a first connecting edge connecting the first side and the third side, and the first connecting edge includes at least two line segments with different extending directions.

[0011] In some examples, the first connecting edge is stepped, comprising alternating and connected first and second line segments; the first line segment extends in the same direction as the first side edge, and the second line segment extends in the same direction as the third side edge.

[0012] In some examples, the centerline of the first signal line in its extension direction is the first centerline; any point on the orthographic projection of the fourth side onto the substrate is equidistant from the orthographic projection of the first centerline onto the substrate.

[0013] In some examples, a first resonant opening extending through the thickness direction is provided on the first reference electrode; and / or, a second resonant opening extending through the thickness direction is provided on the second reference electrode.

[0014] In some examples, a first resonant opening extending through the thickness direction is provided on the first reference electrode, and a second resonant opening extending through the thickness direction is provided on the second reference electrode; the first resonant opening and the second resonant opening are symmetrically arranged with the centerline of the first signal line extending along its extension direction as the axis of symmetry.

[0015] In some examples, at least one resonant opening is provided on the radiating structure, extending through its thickness direction.

[0016] In some examples, the resonant openings on the radiating structure include a third resonant opening and a fourth resonant opening, and the third resonant opening and the fourth resonant opening are symmetrically arranged with the extension line of the centerline of the first signal line extending along its extension direction as the axis of symmetry.

[0017] In some examples, the radiating structure includes a fifth side connected to the first signal line; the fifth side is an arc segment.

[0018] In some examples, the radiating structure includes a conductive mesh structure; and / or, the reference electrode layer includes a conductive mesh structure.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an antenna, including a dielectric substrate, a radiating structure disposed on the dielectric substrate, and a feeding structure; the feeding structure includes: a first signal line extending toward and electrically connected to the radiating structure; a first reference electrode and a second reference electrode, respectively disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the first signal line; wherein the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode each include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other; the first side is closer to the radiating structure than the second side and is opposite to the radiating structure; the fourth side is closer to the first signal line than the third side and is opposite to the first signal line; the distance from the fourth side to the centerline of the first signal line extending along its extension direction is unequal, and the distance from the position of the fourth side near the radiating structure to the centerline of the first signal line extending along its extension direction is not less than the distance from the position away from the radiating structure to the centerline of the first signal line extending along its extension direction.

[0020] Thirdly, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising the antenna described in any of the above examples.

[0021] Figure 1 is a side view of the antenna provided in the first aspect of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 2 is a top view of the antenna provided in the first aspect of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 3 is an example of the shape of the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode in the antenna provided by the first aspect of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 4 shows another example of the shape of the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode in the antenna provided in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 5 shows an example of the first connecting edge.

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the centerline of the first signal line along its extension direction.

[0027] Figure 7 shows an example of a first resonant aperture and a second resonant aperture.

[0028] Figure 8 shows a second example of the first and second resonant openings.

[0029] Figure 9 shows a third example of the first and second resonant openings.

[0030] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of opening a resonant opening at the radiating structure.

[0031] Figure 11 shows an example of the third and fourth resonant openings.

[0032] Figure 12 shows a second example of the third and fourth resonant openings.

[0033] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of an antenna in which the first and second reference electrodes have not been chamfered.

[0034] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an antenna with a fixed line width for the first signal line and without chamfering of the first and second reference electrodes.

[0035] Figure 15 shows the simulation results of the reflection coefficients of the three types of antennas in Figures 10, 13, and 14.

[0036] Figure 16 shows the simulation results of the reflection coefficients of two antennas with and without a resonant aperture.

[0037] Figure 17 shows the simulation results of the antenna gain as a function of frequency in the operating frequency band shown in Figure 10.

[0038] Figure 18 is a top view of the antenna provided in the second aspect of the present disclosure.

[0039] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1. Dielectric substrate; 2. Radiation structure; 21. Radiation body; 22. Radiation connection; 31. First reference electrode; 32. Second reference electrode; 4. Feed structure; 41. First signal line; 5. Reference electrode layer; 51. First resonant opening; 52. Second resonant opening; 53. Resonant opening; 54. Third resonant opening; 55. Fourth resonant opening; 511. Outer ring of the first opening; 512. Inner ring of the first opening; 521. Outer ring of the second opening; 522. Inner ring of the second opening; S1. First side; S2. Second side; S3. Third side; S4. Fourth side; C1. First connecting edge; X1. First line segment; X2. Second line segment; 61. First substrate; 62. Second substrate.

[0040] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an,” “a,” or “the,” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “including,” “comprising,” or “containing,” and similar terms mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms “connected,” “linked,” or similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.

[0042] As used herein, “parallel” and “perpendicular” include the described situation and situations that are similar to the described situation, within an acceptable range of deviation, which is determined by those skilled in the art taking into account the measurement under discussion and the error associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “parallel” includes absolute parallelism and approximate parallelism, where an acceptable range of deviation for approximate parallelism may be, for example, within 5°; “perpendicular” includes absolute perpendicularity and approximate perpendicularity, where an acceptable range of deviation for approximate perpendicularity may also be, for example, within 5°.

[0043] It should be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can mean that the layer or element is directly on the other layer or substrate, or that there is an intermediate layer between the layer or element and the other layer or substrate.

[0044] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions is enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Therefore, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing processes. Thus, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the regions of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0045] Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) communication systems utilize multiple transmit and receive antennas to achieve multiplexed transmission and reception. In MIMO systems, by leveraging spatial diversity and signal processing techniques, parallel transmission between multiple data streams can be achieved, thereby improving the data transmission rate, system capacity, and reliability of the communication system. UWB MIMO communication systems combine ultra-wideband (UWB) communication technology with MIMO communication technology. In UWB MIMO systems, UWB technology is used for high-speed data transmission and precise positioning, while MIMO technology is used to improve the system's capacity, coverage, and anti-interference capabilities. Therefore, UWB MIMO communication systems combine the advantages of UWB and MIMO, enabling high-speed data transmission, precise positioning, and strong anti-interference capabilities, making them suitable for various applications requiring high-speed, reliable, and accurate communication, such as indoor positioning, intelligent transportation, and the Internet of Things (IoT).

[0046] UWB and 5G communication systems are different wireless communication technologies. When both UWB MIMO and 5G communication systems are used simultaneously in the same indoor environment, their spectrum may overlap. If the two systems operate on adjacent frequency bands, the 5GHz wireless signal is likely to interfere with the transmission signal of the UWB MIMO communication system, resulting in a decrease in signal quality and affecting the performance of the UWB MIMO communication system.

[0047] The antenna is the core component of a UWB MIMO communication system, responsible for signal transmission and reception. To ensure that the UWB MIMO communication system possesses ultra-wideband characteristics while also being resistant to 5GHz wireless signal interference, the antenna parameters and structure need to be designed appropriately.

[0048] To address at least one of the aforementioned technical problems, this disclosure provides an antenna. Figure 1 is a side view of the antenna provided in this disclosure; Figure 2 is a top view of the antenna provided in this disclosure. Referring to Figure 1, the antenna provided in this disclosure includes a dielectric substrate 1, a reference electrode layer 5, a radiating structure 2, and a feeding structure 4. The dielectric substrate 1 has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along its thickness direction; the reference electrode layer 5 is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and can be a ground electrode; the radiating structure 2 and the feeding structure 4 are both disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1. Referring to Figure 2, the radiating structure 2 and the feeding structure 4 are electrically connected, and as shown in Figure 1, the orthographic projections of the radiating structure 2 and the feeding structure 4 on the dielectric substrate 1 overlap with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer 5 on the dielectric substrate 1. Continuing to refer to Figure 2, the feeding structure 4 includes at least a first signal line 41, the linewidth W1 of which is unequal at at least a portion of its position; and the linewidth W1 of the first signal line 41 near the radiating structure 2 is not greater than the linewidth W1 of its position away from the radiating structure 2.

[0049] For ease of explanation, the first direction or the extension direction of the first signal line 41 mentioned in this article corresponds to the x direction or vertical direction shown in the figure, and the second direction corresponds to the y direction or horizontal direction shown in the figure.

[0050] This embodiment of the disclosure sets the linewidth W1 of the first signal line 41 in the feeding structure 4 to be unequal at at least a portion of its positions, and ensures that the linewidth W1 of the first signal line 41 near the radiating structure 2 is no greater than the linewidth W1 of its position far from the radiating structure 2. In other words, by setting the linewidth W1 of the first signal line 41 to a structure that gradually changes along its extension direction, the impedance matching between the feeding structure 4 and the radiating structure 2 can be effectively adjusted, thereby improving the antenna performance in a certain frequency band (e.g., 7.7GHz-10.9GHz, referred to herein as the first frequency band). This includes increasing the antenna bandwidth, reducing signal transmission loss, and enhancing the antenna's anti-interference capability and stability. The antenna return loss coefficient S will be demonstrated later. 11 The simulation results (Figure 15) illustrate the beneficial effects of using the first signal line 41 with a gradually varying linewidth in this embodiment.

[0051] Referring to FIG1, the antenna provided in this embodiment further includes a first substrate 61 and a second substrate 62 located on the first surface side of the dielectric substrate 1. The first substrate 61 is located between the plane containing the radiating structure 2 and the feeding structure 4 and the dielectric substrate 1, and the second substrate 62 is located between the reference electrode layer 5 and the dielectric substrate 1. The dimensions of the first substrate 61 should satisfy the following condition: the orthographic projections of the radiating structure 2 and the feeding structure 4 onto the dielectric substrate 1 should be within the orthographic projection of the first substrate 61 onto the dielectric substrate 1. Specifically, the dimensions of the first substrate 61 can be: a length of 40mm ± 2mm along the x-direction and a width of 35mm ± 2mm along the y-direction; the overall thickness of the antenna is between 0.0043λ1 and 0.0048λ1, specifically 0.0046λ1, where λ1 is the wavelength in free space corresponding to an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 7GHz. When the overall thickness of the antenna is 0.0046λ1, its thickness is approximately 0.197 mm in international dimensions. It is evident that the antenna profile provided in this disclosure has a low height, meaning a small size, thus contributing to miniaturization. Preferably, the first substrate 61 and the second substrate 62 are made of PET or other transparent materials, which allows for the fabrication of a transparent antenna, improving its concealment, aesthetics, and compatibility with electronic devices.

[0052] In some examples, the power supply structure 4 further includes a first reference electrode 31 and a second reference electrode 32 disposed on the dielectric substrate 1 and located on both sides of the extension direction of the first signal line 41, both of which can be ground electrodes. Figures 3-5 are schematic diagrams showing the positions of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32. As shown in Figures 3-5, the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 are both located on the second surface side of the dielectric substrate 1 and are located on both sides of the extension direction of the first signal line 41.

[0053] Those skilled in the art will understand that the feed structure 4 shown in Figure 2 uses a microstrip line as the transmission line to transmit electromagnetic wave signals; while the feed structure 4 shown in Figure 3 uses a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line to transmit electromagnetic wave signals. It should be noted that this disclosure does not limit the transmission line used in the feed structure 4. Whether it is a microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide transmission line, or other types of transmission line structures, they can all adopt the concept provided in this disclosure, that is, setting the linewidth of the first signal line 41 to be different at at least some locations along its extension direction to adjust the impedance matching between the radiating structure 2 and the feed structure 4, thereby increasing the antenna bandwidth coverage.

[0054] Optionally, the first signal line 41, the first reference electrode 31, and the second reference electrode 32 can all be made of ITO or a conductive mesh structure. For example, the first signal line 41, the first reference electrode 31, and the second reference electrode 32 can be made of a meshed metal material, including silver, copper, etc. In this example, both ITO and the conductive mesh structure can improve the transparency of the antenna, which helps to realize a transparent antenna and improve its privacy, aesthetics, and compatibility with electronic devices.

[0055] Figures 3 and 4 illustrate an example of the shape of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32. In this example, both the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 include a first side S1 and a second side S2 disposed opposite to each other, and a third side S3 and a fourth side S4 disposed opposite to each other. The first side S1 is closer to the radiating structure 2 than the second side S2 and is opposite to the radiating structure 2; the fourth side S4 is closer to the first signal line 41 than the third side S3 and is opposite to the first signal line 41. At least one of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 also includes a first connecting edge C1 connecting the first side S1 and the third side S3. As shown in Figure 3, the angle between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge C1 and the extension of the first side S1, and the angle between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge C1 and the extension of the third side S3, are both obtuse angles.

[0056] In the above example, by setting the angles between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge C1 and the extension of the first side edge S1, and the angles between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge C1 and the extension of the third side edge S3 to be obtuse angles, that is, by chamfering the portions of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 near the radiating structure 2, the return loss S of the antenna in other frequency bands besides the first frequency band (e.g., 6GHz-7.7GHz, referred to as the second frequency band in this paper) can be further improved. 11 This increases the antenna's bandwidth by increasing the standing wave ratio (SWR). Similarly, the antenna return loss coefficient (S) will be shown later. 11 The simulation results (Figure 15) illustrate the beneficial effects of using the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 to form a chamfer in this embodiment.

[0057] Furthermore, the first connecting edge C1 can be a straight line as shown in Figure 3, or an arc segment as shown in Figure 4.

[0058] Figure 5 shows another example of the shape of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32. In this example, both the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 include a first side S1 and a second side S2 arranged opposite to each other, and a third side S3 and a fourth side S4 arranged opposite to each other. The first side S1 is closer to the radiating structure 2 than the second side S2 and is opposite to the radiating structure 2; the fourth side S4 is closer to the first signal line 41 than the third side S3 and is opposite to the first signal line 41. At least one of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 also includes a first connecting edge C1 connecting the first side S1 and the third side S3, and the first connecting edge C1 includes at least two line segments with different extending directions. For example, the first connecting edge C1 can be stepped as shown in Figure 5, including an alternately arranged and connected first line segment X1 and a second line segment X2, wherein the first line segment X1 extends in the same direction as the first side S1 (y-direction), and the second line segment X2 extends in the same direction as the third side S3 (x-direction).

[0059] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in addition to being stepped as shown in Figure 5, the first connecting edge C1 can also be wavy, sawtooth, or sinusoidal, etc., and this disclosure does not limit it in this respect.

[0060] This document defines the centerline of the first signal line 41 in its extension direction (i.e., the x-direction) as the first centerline M1, and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the first centerline M1. In some examples of embodiments of this disclosure, any point on the orthographic projection of the fourth side S4 of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 onto the substrate 1 is equidistant from the orthographic projection of the first centerline M1 onto the substrate 1.

[0061] Furthermore, the antenna provided in this embodiment also includes at least one resonant aperture to filter interference from electromagnetic wave signals in a specific frequency band during antenna communication. When the antenna has one resonant aperture, it can be disposed on the radiating structure 2, as shown in Figure 10. When the antenna has two resonant apertures, these two resonant apertures can be disposed on the radiating structure 2, or respectively on the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32. The two resonant apertures disposed on the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 are hereinafter referred to as the first resonant aperture and the second resonant aperture, as shown in Figures 7-9. The two resonant apertures both disposed on the radiating structure 2 are hereinafter referred to as the third resonant aperture and the fourth resonant aperture, as shown in Figures 11-12. Of course, a resonant aperture can also be disposed at the radiating structure 2, while simultaneously opening the first resonant aperture and the second resonant aperture at the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32. Combining resonant apertures at different locations can achieve a wider range of filtering.

[0062] The following section provides several examples of resonant openings. First, it introduces the case where the antenna includes a first resonant opening and a second resonant opening, and the two are respectively disposed on the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32.

[0063] As shown in Figures 7-9, a first resonant opening 51 extending through the thickness direction can be provided on the first reference electrode 31 of the antenna; or, a second resonant opening 52 extending through the thickness direction can be provided on the second reference electrode 32 of the antenna; or, a first resonant opening 51 extending through the thickness direction can be provided on the first reference electrode 31 of the antenna, and a second resonant opening 52 extending through the thickness direction can be provided on the second reference electrode 32.

[0064] Specifically, as shown in Figures 7-9, when a first resonant opening 51 extending through the thickness direction is provided on the first reference electrode 31, and a second resonant opening 52 extending through the thickness direction is provided on the second reference electrode 32, the first resonant opening 51 and the second resonant opening 52 are symmetrically arranged with the centerline of the first signal line 41 extending along its extension direction (i.e., the x-direction) as the axis of symmetry.

[0065] More specifically, the first resonant opening 51 and the second resonant opening 52 can be L-shaped as shown in Figure 7, comprising a first rectangle and a second rectangle arranged perpendicularly to each other, wherein the first rectangle extends in the y-direction and the second rectangle extends in the x-direction, and one end of the first rectangle is connected to one end of the second rectangle. Alternatively, the first resonant opening 51 and the second resonant opening 52 can be C-shaped as shown in Figure 8, wherein the opening of the C-shape can be opposite to the first signal line 41, or it can be facing the first signal line 41 or facing other directions. Alternatively, the shapes of the first resonant opening 51 and the second resonant opening 52 can both include two complementary open rings, as shown in Figure 9. The first resonant opening 51 includes a first outer ring 511 and a first inner ring 512, with the openings of the outer ring 511 and the inner ring 512 facing opposite directions. For example, the outer ring 511 faces the x-direction, and the inner ring 512 faces the -x-direction. The second resonant opening 52 includes a second outer ring 521 and a second inner ring 522, with the openings of the outer ring 521 and the inner ring 522 facing opposite directions. For example, the outer ring 521 faces the x-direction, and the inner ring 522 faces the -x-direction. It should be noted that the shapes of the first resonant opening 51 and the second resonant opening 52 can also be other than those specified in this disclosure.

[0066] Next, we will introduce the case where the antenna includes a resonant opening and is located at the radiating structure 2.

[0067] As shown in Figure 10, in some examples, at least one resonant opening 53 extending through the antenna's thickness structure 2 is provided. This resonant opening 53 can be a rectangular ring as shown in Figure 10, or it can be other shapes, such as a circular ring. For example, the perimeter of the aforementioned rectangular ring can be set to 0.98λ²-1.02λ², for example, it can be set to 1λ², where λ² is the wavelength in free space corresponding to an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 5 GHz.

[0068] Next, we will introduce the case where the antenna includes a third resonant aperture and a fourth resonant aperture, both of which are located at the radiating structure 2.

[0069] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the resonant openings on the radiation structure 2 include a third resonant opening 54 and a fourth resonant opening 55, which are symmetrically arranged with the extension of the centerline of the first signal line 41 extending along its extension direction as the axis of symmetry (i.e., the x-axis). Specifically, the shapes of the third resonant opening 54 and the fourth resonant opening 55 can be L-shaped as shown in Figure 11, comprising a third rectangle and a fourth rectangle arranged perpendicularly to each other, wherein the extension direction of the third rectangle is the y-direction, the extension direction of the fourth rectangle is the x-direction, and one end of the third rectangle is connected to one end of the fourth rectangle. Alternatively, the shapes of the third resonant opening 54 and the fourth resonant opening 55 can be C-shaped as shown in Figure 12. The C-shaped opening can face away from the extension of the centerline of the first signal line 41 extending along its extension direction, or face the extension of the centerline of the first signal line 41 extending along its extension direction, or face other directions. This disclosure does not limit the orientation of the openings.

[0070] In the above embodiments, by opening a first resonant opening 51 on the first reference electrode 31 and / or opening a second resonant opening 52 on the second reference electrode 32, or by opening a resonant opening 53 at the radiating structure 2, or by opening a third resonant opening 54 and a fourth resonant opening 55 at the radiating structure 2, the antenna can effectively filter electromagnetic wave signals of the 5G frequency band (e.g., 5.15GHz-5.85GHz) to prevent interference from 5G wireless signals on the antenna transmission signal. The antenna return loss coefficient S will be discussed later. 11 The simulation results illustrate the beneficial effects of opening a resonant opening 53 at the radiating structure 2.

[0071] Referring to Figures 1-12, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure has a radiating structure 2 including a fifth side connected to the first signal line 41, which is an arc segment. Alternatively, the radiating structure 2 includes a radiating main body 21 and a radiating connection portion 22 connected to the radiating main body 21, with the first signal line 41 extending to and connected to the radiating connection portion 22. The radiating main body 21 is a rectangular patch electrode, and the radiating connection portion 22 is a semi-elliptical patch electrode; the orthographic projection of the resonant opening 53 onto the dielectric substrate 1 lies within the orthographic projection of the radiating main body 21 onto the dielectric substrate 1. It is understood that the shape of the radiating connection portion 22 is not limited to a semi-elliptical shape, but can also be semi-circular, inverted trapezoidal, or inverted triangular, etc.

[0072] In the above example, by setting the radiating connection portion 22 in the radiating structure 2 that is connected to the first signal line 41 to be smaller in size closer to the first signal line 41, the impedance matching between the radiating structure 2 and the feeding structure 4 can be better adjusted, thereby improving the performance of the antenna, including increasing bandwidth, reducing the signal reflection coefficient, and thus improving standing waves.

[0073] To demonstrate the impact of two technical approaches—the first signal line 41 with gradually varying linewidth, the first reference electrode 31 with chamfered design, and the second reference electrode 32—on antenna performance (primarily bandwidth), this disclosure describes the reflection coefficient S of three types of antennas. 11 Simulations were performed. The third type is the antenna shown in Figure 10 of this disclosure; its structure will not be described in detail here. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the second type of antenna, whose structure is roughly the same as Figure 10. The linewidth of the first signal line 41 also adopts a gradient design. The difference is that its first reference electrode 31 and second reference electrode 32 are chamfered. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the first type of antenna, whose structure is roughly the same as Figure 3. Both include a radiating structure 2 and a feeding structure 4. The feeding structure 4 includes a first signal line 41 and a first reference electrode 31 and a second reference electrode 32 located on both sides of the first signal line 41. Unlike Figure 3, the linewidth of its first signal line 41 is the same at all positions, and the first reference electrode 31 and second reference electrode 32 are not chamfered near the radiating structure 2.

[0074] Figure 15 shows the reflection coefficient S of the three types of antennas mentioned above in the frequency band 3GHz-11GHz. 11 The simulation results are shown. Curve L1 represents the reflection coefficient S of the first type of antenna in the 3GHz-11GHz frequency band. 11 Curve L2 represents the reflection coefficient S of the second type of antenna in the frequency band of 3GHz-11GHz. 11 Curve L3 represents the reflection coefficient S of the third type of antenna in the frequency band 3GHz-11GHz. 11 As can be seen from curve L1, when the linewidth of the first signal line 41 is fixed and the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 are not chamfered, the antenna's reflection coefficient S in the frequency band 4.68GHz-10.14GHz is... 11The return loss is greater than -10dB in both the mid-frequency and high-frequency bands. However, common wireless communication systems typically require antenna return loss to be less than -10dB or less than -20dB, while UWB MIMO communication systems typically require antenna bandwidth on the order of several GHz. Therefore, the first type of antenna cannot meet the ultra-wideband requirements of UWB MIMO communication systems at all. As can be seen from curve L2, when the linewidth of the first signal line 41 near the radiating structure 2 is smaller than that away from the radiating structure 2, the antenna gain is less than -10dB in the frequency band of 7.7GHz-10.9GHz, and can even reach -34dB at 9.3GHz. It can be seen that after designing the linewidth of the first signal line 41 with a gradient, the antenna bandwidth can reach about 3.2GHz, which can meet the antenna performance requirements of UWB MIMO communication system. However, its performance is only good in the high frequency range (7.7GHz-10.9GHz), and the effect in the mid-frequency band (5.05GHz-7.7GHz) or low frequency band is still not ideal. However, as can be seen from curve L3, when the line width of the first signal line 41 near the radiating structure 2 is smaller than the line width away from the radiating structure 2, and when the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 are chamfered in the part near the radiating structure 2, the antenna can achieve coverage in the ultra-wideband (3.4GHz-10.6GHz), with a relative bandwidth of 102%.

[0075] In summary, the antenna of this embodiment can increase the bandwidth of the antenna to a certain extent by gradually changing the linewidth of the first signal line 41; by chamfering the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32, the impedance matching between the feeding structure 4 and the radiating structure 2 can be further adjusted, thereby further increasing the bandwidth of the antenna and achieving the effect of ultra-wideband coverage.

[0076] Next, we will demonstrate the reflection coefficient S of two antennas in the 3GHz-11GHz frequency band, one with a resonant aperture 53 and the other without. 11 The simulation results are shown to illustrate the function of the resonant aperture 53. Figure 6 shows the antenna without the resonant aperture 53; Figure 10 shows the antenna with the resonant aperture 53. Except for the resonant aperture 53, the structures of the two types of antennas are completely identical. Figure 16 shows the simulation results of the reflection coefficient S11 of the two antennas in the 3GHz-11GHz frequency band. Curve L4 represents the reflection coefficient S11 of the antenna without the resonant aperture 53 in the 3GHz-11GHz frequency band. 11 Curve L5 represents the reflection coefficient S of the antenna with resonant aperture 53 in the frequency band 3GHz-11GHz. 11As can be seen from curve L4, when the resonant opening 53 is not made on the radiating structure 2, the antenna's reflection coefficient S in the frequency band 3.45GHz-10.72GHz is... 11 Both values ​​are less than -10dB, meaning it can cover the frequency range of 3.45GHz-10.72GHz, encompassing the entire 5GHz wireless signal band (5.15GHz-5.85GHz). Therefore, when this antenna is in the same indoor environment as a 5G communication system, it is easily interfered with by 5GHz wireless signals, thus affecting its communication quality. As can be seen from curve L5, when a resonant opening 53 is added at the antenna's radiating structure 2, the antenna covers the frequency bands of 3.46GHz-5.02GHz and 6.11GHz-10.61GHz, which do not include the 5GHz band. This demonstrates that by adding a resonant opening 53 at the radiating structure 2, interference from electromagnetic signals near the 5GHz band can be effectively filtered out, thus avoiding mutual interference between the 5G communication system and the UWB MIMO communication system when used in the same indoor environment.

[0077] It should be noted that the same filtering effect can also be achieved by adding the first resonant opening 51, the second resonant opening 52, the third resonant opening 54, or the fourth resonant opening 55. These will not be shown or explained here.

[0078] Figure 17 shows the gain of the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure as a function of frequency within the operating frequency band. As can be seen from Figure 17, the antenna provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure has an average gain greater than 3dBi in the 3GHz-11GHz frequency band, and a maximum gain of 8dBi near 10GHz, which meets the antenna operating gain requirements of UWB MIMO communication systems.

[0079] Based on the same inventive concept, in a second aspect, this disclosure provides an antenna. Figure 18 is a top view of the antenna provided in the second aspect of this disclosure. As shown in Figure 18, the antenna includes: a dielectric substrate 1, a radiating structure 2 disposed on the dielectric substrate 1, and a feeding structure 4. The dielectric substrate 1 has a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along its thickness direction. The radiating structure 2 and the feeding structure 4 are both disposed on the first surface side of the dielectric substrate 1. The feeding structure 4 includes: a first signal line 41, a first reference electrode 31, and a second reference electrode 32. The first signal line 41 extends toward and is electrically connected to the radiating structure 2; the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 are respectively disposed on both sides of the extension direction (i.e., the x-direction) of the first signal line 41. Both the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 include a first side S1 and a second side S2 disposed opposite to each other, and a third side S3 and a fourth side S4 disposed opposite to each other. Specifically, the first side S1 is closer to the radiating structure 2 than the second side S2, and is opposite to the radiating structure 2; the fourth side S4 is closer to the first signal line 41 than the third side S3, and is opposite to the first signal line 41. The distances from the fourth side S4 to the center line M2 extending along the extension direction of the first signal line 41 are unequal. Specifically, the distance from the position of the fourth side S4 closer to the radiating structure 2 to the center line M2 extending along the extension direction of the first signal line 41 is not less than the distance from the position of the fourth side S4 farther from the radiating structure 2 to the center line M2 extending along the extension direction of the first signal line 41.

[0080] It should be noted that the distance between the fourth side S4 and the center line M2 extending along the extension direction of the first signal line 41 refers to the distance between the orthographic projection of the fourth side S4 on the dielectric substrate 1 and the orthographic projection of the center line M2 on the substrate 1.

[0081] In the above example, the distance between the fourth side S4 of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 and the center line M2 of the first signal line 41 extending along its extension direction is set to be gradual. This belongs to the same inventive concept as the antenna disclosed in the first aspect above. That is, by making the portion of the feed structure 4 close to the radiating structure 2 gradually change, the impedance matching between the radiating structure 2 and the feed structure 4 is adjusted, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0082] Figure 18 only shows the case where the linewidth of the first signal line 41 is the same at different positions, and the distance from the position of the fourth side S4 near the radiating structure 2 to the center line M2 of the first signal line 41 extending in its extension direction is not less than the distance from the position away from the radiating structure 2 to the center line M2 of the first signal line 41 extending in its extension direction. It should be noted that the case where the linewidth of the first signal line 41 near the radiating structure 2 is not greater than the linewidth away from the radiating structure 2, and the distance from the position of the fourth side S4 near the radiating structure 2 to the center line M2 of the first signal line 41 extending in its extension direction is not less than the distance from the position away from the radiating structure 2 to the center line M2 of the first signal line 41 extending in its extension direction, belongs to another embodiment of the same inventive concept of this disclosure.

[0083] Referring again to Figure 18, at least one of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 further includes a first connecting edge C1 connecting the first side S1 and the third side S3. The angle between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge C1 and the extension of the first side S1, and the angle between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge C1 and the extension of the third side S3, are both obtuse angles.

[0084] In the above example, by setting the angle between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge C1 and the extension of the first side edge S1, and the angle between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge C1 and the extension of the third side edge S3 to be obtuse angles, that is, by chamfering the parts of the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32 that are close to the radiating structure 2, the bandwidth of the antenna can be further increased.

[0085] Of course, similar to the antenna provided in the first aspect, the first connecting edge C1 can be a straight line (as shown in Figure 3) or an arc segment (as shown in Figure 4). Similarly, the fourth side S4 can also be a straight line or an arc segment. The first connecting edge C1 can be stepped (as shown in Figure 5), or wavy, sawtooth, or sinusoidal, etc.

[0086] Furthermore, the antenna provided in this embodiment may also have at least one resonant aperture to filter interference from electromagnetic wave signals in a specific frequency band during antenna communication. The number of resonant apertures can be one, located on the radiating structure 2. The number of resonant apertures can also be two. When the antenna has two resonant apertures, these two apertures can be located on the radiating structure 2, or respectively on the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32. Of course, the number of resonant apertures can also be three or four. For example, one or two resonant apertures can be located on the radiating structure 2, and the other two resonant apertures can be located at the first reference electrode 31 and the second reference electrode 32, respectively. When the number of resonant apertures is greater, the antenna can achieve a wider range of filtering. The location and shape of the resonant apertures in this embodiment can be the same as those provided in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] Based on the same inventive concept, in a third aspect, this disclosure provides an electronic device that includes the antenna provided in any of the above examples.

[0088] In some examples, the electronic device provided in this disclosure further includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit. The antenna in the electronic device can function as either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides signals in at least one frequency band and transmits these signals to the radio frequency transceiver. After receiving the signal, the antenna in the electronic device can process it through the filtering unit, power amplifier, signal amplifier, and radio frequency transceiver before transmitting it to the receiving end in the transceiver unit. The receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.

[0089] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna before transmitting them to the transceiver unit. Specifically, the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate these signals before sending them to the antenna. The antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver. The receiving circuit then transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit, which demodulates the signals before transmitting them to the receiving end.

[0090] Furthermore, the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, which are then connected to a filtering unit. The filtering unit is connected to at least one antenna. During signal transmission by the electronic device, the signal amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the RF transceiver's output signal before transmitting it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filtering circuit. It combines the signals output from the signal amplifier and power amplifier, filters out noise, and transmits the signals to the antenna, which then radiates the signal. During signal reception by the electronic device, the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filtering unit. The filtering unit filters out noise from the received signal before transmitting it to the signal amplifier and power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the received signal, improving the SNR; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the received signal. The signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and signal amplifier before being transmitted to the RF transceiver, which then transmits it to the transceiver unit.

[0091] In some examples, the signal amplifier may include various types of signal amplifiers, such as low-noise amplifiers, without limitation.

[0092] In some examples, the electronic device provided in this disclosure also includes a power management unit connected to a power amplifier and providing the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying signals.

[0093] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

An antenna comprising: A dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate including a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along its thickness direction; A reference electrode layer is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate; A radiating structure and a feeding structure are disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate. The radiating structure and the feeding structure are electrically connected, and both overlap with the orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer on the dielectric substrate. The feeding structure includes at least a first signal line. The line width of the first signal line is unequal at at least a portion of its position, and the line width of the first signal line near the radiating structure is not greater than the line width away from the radiating structure. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The power supply structure further includes a first reference electrode and a second reference electrode disposed on the dielectric substrate and located on both sides of the extension direction of the first signal line. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, Both the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other; the first side is closer to the radiating structure than the second side and is opposite to the radiating structure; the fourth side is closer to the first signal line than the third side and is opposite to the first signal line; at least one of the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode further includes a first connecting edge connecting the first side and the third side, and the angle between the tangent at any point on the first connecting edge and the extension line of the first side, and the angle between the tangent and the extension line of the third side, are both obtuse angles. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The first connecting edge includes a straight line segment or an arc segment. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, Both the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, as well as a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other; the first side is closer to the radiating structure than the second side and is opposite to the radiating structure; the fourth side is closer to the first signal line than the third side and is opposite to the first signal line; at least one of the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode further includes a first connecting edge connecting the first side and the third side, and the first connecting edge includes at least two line segments with different extending directions. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The first connecting edge is stepped, comprising alternating and connected first and second line segments; the first line segment extends in the same direction as the first side edge, and the second line segment extends in the same direction as the third side edge. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein, The centerline of the first signal line in its extension direction is the first centerline; any point on the orthographic projection of the fourth side on the dielectric substrate is equidistant from the orthographic projection of the first centerline on the substrate. The antenna according to any one of claims 2-7, wherein, A first resonant opening extending through the first reference electrode along its thickness direction is provided; and / or, a second resonant opening extending through the second reference electrode along its thickness direction is provided. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein, A first resonant opening extending through the thickness direction is provided on the first reference electrode, and a second resonant opening extending through the thickness direction is provided on the second reference electrode; the first resonant opening and the second resonant opening are symmetrically arranged with the center line extending along the extension direction of the first signal line as the axis of symmetry. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, At least one resonant opening is provided on the radiating structure, extending through its thickness direction. The antenna according to claim 10, wherein, The resonant openings on the radiating structure include a third resonant opening and a fourth resonant opening, and the third resonant opening and the fourth resonant opening are symmetrically arranged with the extension line of the center line of the first signal line extending along its extension direction as the axis of symmetry. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The radiating structure includes a fifth side connected to the first signal line; the fifth side is an arc segment. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The radiating structure includes a conductive mesh structure; and / or, the reference electrode layer includes a conductive mesh structure. An antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a radiating structure disposed on the dielectric substrate, and a feeding structure; The power supply structure includes: a first signal line extending toward and electrically connected to the radiating structure; a first reference electrode and a second reference electrode, respectively disposed on both sides of the extension direction of the first signal line; wherein, the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode each include a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other, and a third side and a fourth side disposed opposite to each other; the first side is closer to the radiating structure than the second side and is opposite to the radiating structure; the fourth side is closer to the first signal line than the third side and is opposite to the first signal line; the distance from the fourth side to the centerline of the first signal line extending along its extension direction is unequal, and the distance from the position of the fourth side closer to the radiating structure to the centerline of the first signal line extending along its extension direction is not less than the distance from the position of the fourth side farther from the radiating structure to the centerline of the first signal line extending along its extension direction. An electronic device comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1-14.

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