High-yield sunflower planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation district

Abstract

A high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation districts comprises the steps that salt elimination and alkali reduction are carried out, specifically, the salt content and the soil pH value of root zones of sunflowers are reduced in the salt elimination mode that desulfurized gypsum is combined with ridging and film mulching and high-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation; a fertile soil fertilization step: through basic application of humic acid, basic application of decomposed farmyard manure, basic application of base fertilizer, drip irrigation of fulvic acid in a seedling stage, topdressing in a squaring stage and topdressing in a flowering stage, adopting a fertilization scheme that organic fertilizer is used as a main material, chemical fertilizer is used as an auxiliary material and water and fertilizer are integrated, so that the fertility of the saline-alkali sandy soil is increased, and the growth of sunflowers is promoted; according to the planting suitable for growth, through precise positioning sowing, uniform plant row spacing and timely prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, seed soil and fertilizer good contact and vigorous growth of the sunflowers are achieved. According to the method, natural conditions of saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation districts are combined, technologies of varieties, soil, irrigation, fertilization, pest control and the like are integrated, the sunflower yield and quality are improved, and meanwhile ecological friendliness and sustainable development are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for the ecological environment and soil characteristics of saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District. Background Technology

[0002] The ecological environment and land characteristics of the saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District are characterized by a temperate continental climate with an annual precipitation of only 250-350 mm and an evaporation rate as high as 2000-3000 mm, with uneven rainfall distribution, mainly concentrated from July to September. The soil is mainly aeolian sandy soil and chestnut calcareous soil, with a salinity of 1-8 g / kg and a pH value above 8, resulting in problems such as soil desertification, salinization, and poor water and fertilizer retention capacity. At the same time, the region experiences large diurnal temperature variations (reaching 15-20℃) and frequent sandstorms in spring (wind speeds often reaching level 4-6 from March to May). These natural conditions impose many limitations on sunflower cultivation. The traditional method of conventional land preparation + ridge leveling and mulching + application of well-rotted farmyard manure as base fertilizer results in sunflower plants being prone to lodging and low yields. The main problems are as follows:

[0003] First, soil improvement measures are too simplistic, relying solely on chemical fertilizers while neglecting organic fertilizers and soil structure improvement. Over time, this leads to soil compaction, decreased fertility, and further exacerbates drought and salinity damage.

[0004] Secondly, the irrigation methods are outdated, with flood irrigation not only wasting water resources but also easily leading to secondary soil salinization.

[0005] Third, unscientific fertilization, with a phenomenon of "heavy base fertilizer and light topdressing", leads to insufficient nutrient supply for sunflowers during key growth stages such as budding and flowering, affecting yield and quality.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for a high-yield cultivation method that integrates key technologies such as variety selection, soil management, irrigation, fertilization, and pest and disease control, taking into account local natural conditions, in order to improve sunflower yield and quality while achieving eco-friendly and sustainable development. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-yield sunflower planting method suitable for saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District, which addresses the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-yield sunflower cultivation method suitable for saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District, comprising the following steps:

[0009] The salt removal and alkali reduction steps reduce the salt content in the root zone of sunflowers and the soil pH value by combining desulfurized gypsum, ridging and mulching, and high-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation.

[0010] The soil fertilization process involves a series of steps: basal application of humic acid + basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure + basal application of base fertilizer + drip irrigation with humic acid during the seedling stage + topdressing during the budding stage + topdressing during the flowering stage. This approach utilizes organic fertilizer as the primary fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and employs fertigation to increase the fertility of saline-alkali sandy soil and promote sunflower growth.

[0011] The appropriate planting steps, including precise sowing, even spacing between plants and rows, and timely prevention and control of diseases and pests, ensure good contact between seeds, soil, and fertilizer, promoting vigorous growth of sunflowers.

[0012] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District includes the following steps: in the desalination and alkali reduction step, desulfurized gypsum is evenly spread on the surface of the field. 400 kg / mu of desulfurized gypsum is mechanically spread, with an effective component CaSO4·2H2O content ≥85% and a particle size ≤5 mm.

[0013] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District includes the following steps: in the salt drainage and alkali reduction process, a drip irrigation system under film is installed according to the specification of one control per row, and drip irrigation tape is laid in one go. The spacing between drippers on the drip irrigation tape is matched with the spacing between sunflower plants, and the irrigation uniformity is ≥90%. A film covering machine is used to lay the film, and black film is used. The film width is 70cm and the burial depth is 8-10cm to avoid damage to the sunflower roots.

[0014] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District includes the following steps in the desalination and alkali reduction process: high-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation (during non-rainy periods) includes: one drip irrigation during the sunflower seedling stage, with a drip irrigation volume of 15-25 m³. 3 / mu; During the sunflower budding stage, drip irrigation is applied twice, with each drip irrigation volume being 4-8m³. 3 / mu and 5-15m 3 / mu; from the late budding stage to the flowering stage, drip irrigation 1-3 times, drip irrigation volume 10-25m³. 3 / mu; During the grouting period, drip irrigation once, with a drip irrigation volume of 5-15m³. 3 / mu.

[0015] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation Area includes the following steps in the soil fertilization process: basal fertilizer is applied by spreading, 200-400 kg / mu of humic acid, 6-8 cubic meters / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure, and 25-40 kg / mu of base fertilizer.

[0016] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District requires that the purity of humic acid be ≥50% and the organic matter content be ≥70%; the organic matter content of well-rotted farmyard manure be ≥30% and the base fertilizer be diammonium phosphate.

[0017] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District includes the following step: during the soil fertilization step, humic acid is drip-irrigated into the seedlings through the drip irrigation system along with the drip irrigation water, with a dosage of 5 kg / mu.

[0018] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District includes the following steps: during the fertilization of the soil, topdressing during the budding stage involves adding 9 kg / mu of urea, 1 kg / mu of granular boron, and 15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate via drip irrigation.

[0019] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation Area includes the following steps: during the flowering period, topdressing is applied by drip irrigation with 6 kg / mu of urea, 0.25 kg / mu of granular boron, and 5 kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

[0020] The above-mentioned high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District includes the following steps: the sowing rate of sunflowers is 1800-2000 plants per mu, the plant spacing is 45-55cm and consistent, the sowing depth is 3-5cm, and herbicides are applied before sowing; during the budding stage, appropriate fungicides are applied according to whether there is an outbreak of pests or diseases.

[0021] The technical advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0022] This invention presents an integrated high-yield sunflower planting model that, combined with the natural conditions of the saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District, integrates key technologies such as variety, soil, irrigation, fertilization, and pest and disease control, thereby improving sunflower yield and quality while achieving eco-friendliness and sustainable development. Addressing the problems of poor salt removal and alkali reduction effects, inability to reduce salinity, weak soil fertility, and stunted sunflower growth in existing technologies, this model employs a salt removal method of "desulfurized gypsum + ridging and mulching + high-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation," a soil fertilization method of "basal application of humic acid + basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure + basal application of base fertilizer + drip irrigation of humic acid during seedling stage + topdressing during budding stage + topdressing during flowering stage," and a suitable planting method of "precision positioning sowing + uniform plant spacing + timely pest and disease control," resulting in vigorous sunflower growth and high yield.

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of sunflower yield between the experimental group and the control group in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of the sunflower leaf length between the experimental group and the control group in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of sunflower plant height between the experimental group and the control group in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the base diameter of sunflower stems in the experimental group and the control group in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of sunflower yield between the experimental group and the control group in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of sunflower plant height between the experimental group and the control group in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a comparison diagram of the base diameter of sunflower stems in the experimental group and the control group in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The structural and working principles of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0032] This invention addresses the problems of low yield and unstable quality in sunflower cultivation on saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District in existing technologies, and provides a high-yield sunflower cultivation method suitable for saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District, comprising the following steps:

[0033] The salt removal and alkali reduction steps reduce the salt content in the root zone of sunflowers and the soil pH value by combining desulfurized gypsum, ridging and mulching, and high-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation.

[0034] The soil fertilization process involves applying humic acid as a base fertilizer, well-rotted farmyard manure as a base fertilizer, basal fertilizer, humic acid drip irrigation during the seedling stage, topdressing during the budding stage, and topdressing during the flowering stage. This method uses organic fertilizer as the main component, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and integrates water and fertilizer management to increase the fertility of saline-alkali sandy soil and promote the growth of sunflowers.

[0035] The appropriate planting steps, including precise sowing, even spacing between plants and rows, and timely prevention and control of diseases and pests, ensure good contact between seeds, soil, and fertilizer, promoting vigorous growth of sunflowers.

[0036] In this desalination and alkalinity reduction step, desulfurized gypsum is evenly spread on the field surface using mechanical spreading at a rate of 400 kg / mu (approximately 667 square meters). The effective component, CaSO4·2H2O, has a content ≥85%, and the particle size is ≤5 mm. A drip irrigation system under mulch is installed according to a one-row-one-control standard, with drip irrigation tape laid out in one go, and each drip irrigation session covering at least 3-25 m. 3 / mu; use a mulching machine to lay the film, covering it with black mulch film, 70cm wide and buried 8-10cm deep, to avoid damaging the sunflower roots. High-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation (non-rainy period) includes: during the sunflower seedling stage, one drip irrigation, with a drip volume of 15-25m³. 3 / mu; During the sunflower budding stage, drip irrigation is applied twice, with each drip irrigation volume being 4-8m³.3 / mu and 5-15m 3 / mu; from the late budding stage to the flowering stage, drip irrigation 1-3 times, drip irrigation volume 10-25m³. 3 / mu; During the grouting period, drip irrigation once, with a drip irrigation volume of 5-15m³. 3 / mu.

[0037] In this embodiment, the soil fertilization process involves spreading basal fertilizer. The basal application of humic acid is 200-400 kg / mu, and the application of well-rotted farmyard manure is 6-8 cubic meters / mu. The base fertilizer application is 25-40 kg / mu. The purity of the humic acid is ≥50%, and the organic matter content is ≥70%. The organic matter content of the well-rotted farmyard manure is ≥30%. The base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate. During the seedling stage, humic acid is applied via drip irrigation along with the irrigation water, at a rate of 5 kg / mu. At the budding stage, topdressing is applied via drip irrigation, adding 9 kg / mu of urea, 1 kg / mu of granular boron, and 15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. During the flowering stage, topdressing is applied via drip irrigation, adding 6 kg / mu of urea, 0.25 kg / mu of granular boron, and 5 kg / mu of potassium sulfate.

[0038] In the suitable planting steps of this embodiment, the sowing rate of sunflowers is 1800-2000 plants per mu, with a plant spacing of 45-55cm and kept consistent. Herbicides are applied before sowing; appropriate fungicides are applied during the budding stage depending on whether there is an outbreak of pests or diseases.

[0039] This invention integrates open ditch salt drainage, desulfurized gypsum, ridging and mulching, spring irrigation to suppress salt, basal application of humic acid, drip irrigation fertigation, drip irrigation of fulvic acid, land leveling, rotary tillage and shallow turning, basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure, insect pollination, pest monitoring and control, and salt-tolerant sunflower cultivation. Specifically, it includes key aspects such as variety selection, soil improvement, precision sowing, precision irrigation, scientific fertilization, green pest and disease control, and field management. These aspects work together synergistically, as detailed below:

[0040] The climate of the saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District is characterized by drought and little rainfall, moderate accumulated temperature (≥10℃ accumulated temperature 28-32℃), strong spring winds and sandstorms, and a certain degree of soil salinization. Therefore, variety selection needs to meet requirements such as drought resistance, wind and sand resistance, salt and alkali tolerance, and suitability for the growth period. After screening and testing, the sunflower variety SH361 was determined as the preferred variety: its growth period is 110-115 days, seedlings grow uniformly and vigorously, and it has strong lodging resistance. It is highly resistant to both sclerotinia stem rot and root rot. SH361 is suitable for planting in moderately to severely saline-alkali cultivated land and can grow normally and achieve a certain yield in saline-alkali environments. For example, in the example, the yield of SH361 in saline-alkali land can reach 221 kg / mu.

[0041] In the Hetao Irrigation District, some saline-alkali land areas suffer from severe soil desertification and salinization. Therefore, targeted improvement techniques for salt reduction and mitigation are necessary before planting. This involves an integrated approach: open ditch salt drainage + desulfurized gypsum + spring irrigation to suppress salt deposits + ridging and mulching + drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer management to inhibit salt return and lower soil pH. For example, in early April, 400 kg / mu of desulfurized gypsum (with an effective component CaSO4·2H2O content ≥85% and a particle size ≤5 mm) is mechanically spread evenly on the field surface. From late April to early May, after leveling and mulching, flood irrigation is carried out to suppress salt deposits, with a water consumption of approximately 200-300 cubic meters. 3 / mu. Install the drip irrigation system under the film according to the specification of "one control per row", use a film laying machine to lay the film, lay the drip irrigation tape in one go, and cover with black film, covering in an east-west direction. Choose film with a width of 70cm and a thickness of 1mm, and bury it 8-10cm deep to avoid root damage.

[0042] Based on the soil fertility status of the saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District (low soil organic matter content, lack of phosphorus and potassium, and boron deficiency in some areas) and the nutrient requirements of sunflowers, a fertilization plan of "organic fertilizer as the main component, chemical fertilizer as the supplement, and integrated water and fertilizer" is adopted. Soil improvement is carried out through basal application of humic acid + basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure + basal application of base fertilizer + drip irrigation of humic acid + top dressing during the budding stage + watering and top dressing during the flowering stage. In this embodiment, base fertilizer is applied in early April, including farmyard manure (well-rotted cow manure, organic matter content ≥30%, pH value 7.0-8.0, 6 cubic meters / mu), and humic acid (humic acid purity ≥50%, organic matter ≥70%) 200 kg / mu is spread; diammonium phosphate 25 kg / mu is applied in early May; fulvic acid is sprayed during the seedling stage; topdressing is applied during the budding stage, with drip irrigation topdressing of urea 9 kg / mu + 1 kg / mu granular boron (available boron (B) content ≥10%) + 15 kg / mu potassium sulfate; topdressing is applied during the flowering stage, with drip irrigation topdressing of urea 6 kg / mu + 0.25 kg / mu granular boron + 5 kg / mu potassium sulfate.

[0043] The land is leveled by rotary tillage and shallow plowing. The land is leveled (leveling accuracy reaches 2cm-3cm) and the base fertilizer is deeply plowed into the soil (deep plowing depth 30-40cm). This breaks up the plow pan (traditional plowing depth in the Hetao Irrigation Area saline-alkali land is only 15-25cm, which easily forms a plow pan, hindering water infiltration and root growth), promotes full mixing of soil and soil conditioner, and improves the improvement effect.

[0044] Sowing time and method directly affect the germination rate and population structure of sunflowers. Precise sowing must be carried out in conjunction with the spring soil temperature rise and windy / sandstorm weather characteristics in the Hetao Irrigation District. The optimal sowing time is mid-to-late May each year. Sowing methods include double-row planting with mulching, with a mulch spacing of 90cm, a mulch width of 70cm, and a plant spacing of 45-55cm. The sowing rate should be controlled at approximately 1800-2000 plants per mu (approximately 667 square meters). The optimal sowing depth is 3-5cm. In the Hetao Irrigation District, the saline-alkali soil is sandy and loose; sowing too deep can lead to germination difficulties, while sowing too shallow can result in seed exposure due to wind and sand. A depth of 3-5cm ensures successful seed germination and allows seedlings to withstand light wind and sand.

[0045] The Hetao Irrigation District suffers from water scarcity. Traditional flood irrigation not only wastes water resources but also easily leads to secondary soil salinization. Therefore, a drip irrigation system is adopted for precision irrigation. The drip irrigation system in this embodiment is configured as follows: dripper spacing of 50cm, adapted to the sunflower plant spacing, ensuring that each plant receives uniform water; the preferred operating pressure is 0.15-0.2MPa, with irrigation uniformity ≥90%, avoiding localized drought or waterlogging. Irrigation timing and volume are determined based on the water requirements of sunflowers at different growth stages and soil moisture content, using high-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation. Irrigation is conducted at least 5 times throughout the entire growth period: once during the sunflower seedling stage, with a drip volume of 15-25m³. 3 / mu; During the sunflower budding stage, drip irrigation is applied twice, with each drip irrigation volume being 4-8m³. 3 / mu and 5-15m 3 / mu; from the late budding stage to the flowering stage, drip irrigation 1-3 times, drip irrigation volume 10-25m³. 3 / mu; During the grouting period, drip irrigation once, with a drip irrigation volume of 5-15m³. 3 / mu..

[0046] The main pests and diseases affecting sunflowers in the saline-alkali land of the Hetao Irrigation District include sunflower borer, bacterial leaf spot, and rust. A green pest control model combining agricultural control, physical control, and biological control is adopted to reduce the use of chemical pesticides. In this embodiment, an insect monitoring tower is installed in the center of the sunflower field for agricultural control, real-time monitoring of pest activity, and prevention of large-scale outbreaks of pests.

[0047] Example 1 is a comparative experiment conducted in the saline-alkali sandy wasteland of the Hetao Irrigation District. See [link / reference]. Figures 1-4 The experimental area totaled 10 mu (approximately 1.65 acres), with the method of this invention serving as the experimental group and the local traditional planting method serving as the control group. Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of sunflower harvest yield at harvest time between the experimental group in Embodiment 1 of the present invention and the prior art. Figure 2 This is a comparison image of the sunflower leaf length in the experimental group of Embodiment 1 of the present invention and that of the prior art. Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of sunflower plant height in the experimental group of Embodiment 1 of the present invention and in the prior art. Figure 4This is a comparison chart of the base diameter of sunflower stems in the experimental group of Embodiment 1 of the present invention and that of the prior art. All parameters were measured on the same day. The comparison shows that the sunflower yield, leaf length at different growth stages, sunflower stem diameter, and sunflower head diameter of the present invention are all increased.

[0048] The specific details of the experimental and control groups in Example 1 are as follows:

[0049] Experimental group: A planting method using desulfurized gypsum + ridging and mulching + spring irrigation to suppress salt + basal application of humic acid + drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer + drip irrigation with fulvic acid + basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure + insect pollination + pest monitoring and control + salt-tolerant sunflowers was adopted. Land preparation began with precise leveling using drone elevation data, achieving a leveling accuracy of 3cm. 6 cubic meters / acre of well-rotted cow manure was applied, along with 400 kg / acre of desulfurized gypsum and 200 kg / acre of humic acid, and 25 kg / acre of diammonium phosphate. The basal fertilizer was then deeply tilled into the soil. Ridging and mulching were then carried out, with a mulch spacing of 90cm and a mulch width of 70cm. A drip irrigation system was installed under the mulch according to the "one ridge, one control" standard. After leveling and mulching, water was used for flood irrigation to suppress salt, with a water consumption of approximately 250 cubic meters. 3 / mu. About one month later, when planting is ready, treat SH361 seeds with diazinon and sow one seed per hole in the rows, covering with sand. Plant spacing is 50cm, with an average sowing rate of 1900 plants per mu. About three weeks later, when applying topdressing during the growing season, apply humic acid along with the drip irrigation fertigation at 5kg / mu during the seedling stage. About five weeks later, apply topdressing with 9kg / mu urea + 1kg / mu granular boron + 15kg / mu potassium sulfate; about two weeks later, apply topdressing with 6kg / mu urea + 0.25kg / mu granular boron + 5kg / mu potassium sulfate. For precision irrigation, use drippers spaced 50cm apart under the film, ensuring irrigation uniformity ≥90%. Drip irrigate once during the seedling stage at the end of June, with a water volume of 20m³ / mu; drip irrigate once from July 15th to July 17th, with a water volume of 5m³ / mu. 3 / mu, drip irrigation once from July 23 to July 25, drip irrigation volume 9m 3 / mu, from the late budding stage to the flowering stage, drip irrigation once, drip irrigation volume 20m³. 3 / mu, drip irrigation once during the grouting period, drip irrigation volume 10m³. 3 / acre. A pest monitoring tower, 5 meters high, is installed in the center of the sunflower field for green pest control, to monitor pest activity in real time. After the sunflowers mature, they are harvested using normal methods.

[0050] Control group: A planting method of leveling ridges with mulch + spring irrigation to suppress salt deposits + drip irrigation with fertigation + basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure + salt-tolerant sunflowers was adopted. The land was first precisely leveled using drone elevation data, achieving a leveling accuracy of 3cm; 6 cubic meters / acre of well-rotted cow manure and 25 kg / acre of diammonium phosphate were applied; the basal fertilizer was then rotary tilled and shallowly incorporated into the soil; mulch was then laid on leveled ridges with a mulch spacing of 90cm and a mulch width of 70cm, and a drip irrigation system was installed under the mulch. After leveling and mulching, water was diverted for flood irrigation to suppress salt deposits, with a water consumption of approximately 250 cubic meters. 3 / mu. When planting at the appropriate time, treat SH361 seeds with diazinon and sow one seed per hole in the ridges, covering with sand. Plant spacing is 50cm, with an average sowing rate of 1900 plants per mu. For topdressing during the growing season, apply humic acid with drip irrigation at 5kg / mu during the seedling stage; approximately 5 weeks later, apply urea at 9kg / mu + 1kg / mu granular boron + 15kg / mu potassium sulfate; approximately 2 weeks later, apply urea at 6kg / mu + 0.25kg / mu granular boron + 5kg / mu potassium sulfate. For precision irrigation, use drippers spaced 50cm apart under the film, ensuring irrigation uniformity ≥90%; irrigate once during the seedling stage at the end of June, with an irrigation volume of 20 m³ / mu; irrigate once from July 15th to July 17th, with an irrigation volume of 5m³ / mu. 3 / mu, drip irrigation once from July 23 to July 25, drip irrigation volume 9m 3 / mu, from the late budding stage to the flowering stage, drip irrigation once, drip irrigation volume 15m³. 3 / acre. Drip irrigation is not used during the grain-filling stage. A pest monitoring tower, 5 meters high, is installed in the center of the sunflower field for green pest control and real-time pest observation. Sunflowers are harvested normally after maturity.

[0051] Example 2 is a comparative experiment on saline-alkali silt deposits in the Hetao Irrigation District. See [link / reference]. Figures 5-7 The experimental area totaled 10 mu (approximately 1.65 acres), with the method of this invention serving as the experimental group and the local traditional planting method as the control group. Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of sunflower harvest yield at harvest time between the experimental group in Embodiment 2 of the present invention and the prior art. Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of sunflower plant height in the experimental group of Embodiment 2 of the present invention and that of the prior art. Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the base diameter of sunflower stems in the experimental group of Embodiment 2 of the present invention and that of the prior art. All parameters were measured on the same day. The comparison shows that the sunflower yield, sunflower stem diameter, and sunflower head diameter of the present invention are all increased compared with the control group.

[0052] The specific details of the experimental and control groups in Example 2 are as follows:

[0053] Experimental group: A planting method using desulfurized gypsum + ridging and mulching + spring irrigation to suppress salt + basal application of humic acid + drip irrigation with integrated water and fertilizer + drip irrigation with fulvic acid + basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure + insect pollination + pest monitoring and control + salt-tolerant sunflowers was adopted. Land preparation began with precise leveling using drone elevation data, achieving a leveling accuracy of 3cm. 6 cubic meters / acre of well-rotted cow manure was applied, along with 400 kg / acre of desulfurized gypsum and 200 kg / acre of humic acid, and 25 kg / acre of diammonium phosphate. The basal fertilizer was then deeply tilled into the soil. Ridging and mulching were then carried out, with a mulch spacing of 90cm and a mulch width of 70cm. A drip irrigation system was installed under the mulch according to the "one ridge, one control" standard. After leveling and mulching, water was used for flood irrigation to suppress salt, with a water consumption of approximately 250 cubic meters. 3 / mu. About one month later, when planting is ready, treat SH361 seeds with diazinon and sow one seed per hole in the rows, covering with sand. Plant spacing is 50cm, with an average sowing rate of 2000 plants per mu. About three weeks later, when applying topdressing during the growing season, apply humic acid along with the drip irrigation fertigation at 5kg / mu during the seedling stage. About five weeks later, apply topdressing with 9kg / mu urea + 1kg / mu granular boron + 15kg / mu potassium sulfate; about two weeks later, apply topdressing with 6kg / mu urea + 0.25kg / mu granular boron + 5kg / mu potassium sulfate. For precision irrigation, use drippers spaced 50cm apart under the film, ensuring irrigation uniformity ≥90%. Drip irrigate once during the seedling stage at the end of June, with a water volume of 20m³ / mu; drip irrigate once from July 15th to July 17th, with a water volume of 5m³ / mu. 3 / mu, drip irrigation once from July 23 to July 25, drip irrigation volume 15m 3 / mu; from the late budding stage to the flowering stage, drip irrigation is applied 3 times, with a drip irrigation volume of 25m³ each time. 3 / mu, 10m 3 / mu, 10m 3 / mu; drip irrigation once during the grouting period, with a drip irrigation volume of 12m³. 3 / acre. A pest monitoring tower, 5 meters high, is installed in the center of the sunflower field for green pest control, to monitor pest activity in real time. After the sunflowers mature, they are harvested using normal methods.

[0054] Control group: A planting method of leveling ridges with mulch + spring irrigation to suppress salt deposits + drip irrigation with fertigation + basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure + salt-tolerant sunflowers was adopted. The land was first precisely leveled using drone elevation data, achieving a leveling accuracy of 3cm; 6 cubic meters / acre of well-rotted cow manure and 25 kg / acre of diammonium phosphate were applied; the basal fertilizer was then rotary tilled and shallowly incorporated into the soil; mulch was then laid on leveled ridges with a mulch spacing of 90cm and a mulch width of 70cm, and a drip irrigation system was installed under the mulch. After leveling and mulching, water was diverted for flood irrigation to suppress salt deposits, with a water consumption of approximately 250 cubic meters. 3 / mu. When planting at the appropriate time, treat SH361 seeds with diazinon and sow one seed per hole in the ridges, covering with sand. Plant spacing is 50cm, with an average sowing rate of 2000 plants per mu. For topdressing during the growing season, apply humic acid with drip irrigation at 5kg / mu during the seedling stage; approximately 5 weeks later, apply urea at 9kg / mu + 1kg / mu granular boron + 15kg / mu potassium sulfate; approximately 2 weeks later, apply urea at 6kg / mu + 0.25kg / mu granular boron + 5kg / mu potassium sulfate. For precision irrigation, use drippers spaced 50cm apart under the film, ensuring irrigation uniformity ≥90%; irrigate once during the seedling stage at the end of June, with an irrigation volume of 20 m³ / mu; irrigate once from July 15th to July 17th, with an irrigation volume of 15m³ / mu. 3 / mu, drip irrigation once from July 23 to July 25, drip irrigation volume 8m 3 / mu, from the late budding stage to the flowering stage, drip irrigation is applied 3 times, with each drip irrigation volume being 15m³. 3 / acre. Drip irrigation is not used during the grain-filling stage. A pest monitoring tower, 5 meters high, is installed in the center of the sunflower field for green pest control and real-time pest observation. Sunflowers are harvested normally after maturity.

[0055] This invention addresses the low yield of sunflower varieties by screening for salt-tolerant varieties with higher yields and less susceptibility to pests and diseases; it also addresses soil infertility and low nutrient content by screening for effective soil fertilization methods; and it addresses supporting planting techniques by employing appropriate row spacing and pest and disease control methods. Through the comprehensive integration and application of the above methods, [the invention aims to achieve the desired results]. Figure 1-4 and Figure 5-7 It can be seen that the experimental group of sunflowers is superior to the control group in terms of yield, leaf length, plant height, and stem base diameter. This proves that the present invention is suitable for planting sunflowers in saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation Area, and significantly improves the yield, leaf length at different growth stages, stem diameter, and flower head diameter of sunflowers.

[0056] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-yield sunflower cultivation method suitable for saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The salt removal and alkali reduction steps reduce the salt content in the root zone of sunflowers and the soil pH value by combining desulfurized gypsum, ridging and mulching, and high-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation. The soil fertilization process involves a fertilization method that combines "basal application of humic acid + basal application of well-rotted farmyard manure + basal application of base fertilizer + drip irrigation with humic acid during the seedling stage + topdressing during the budding stage + topdressing during the flowering stage." This method utilizes organic fertilizer as the primary source, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and employs fertigation to increase the fertility of saline-alkali sandy soil and promote sunflower growth. The appropriate planting steps, including precise sowing, even spacing between plants and rows, and timely prevention and control of diseases and pests, ensure good contact between seeds, soil, and fertilizer, promoting vigorous growth of sunflowers.

2. The high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the process of desalination and alkali reduction, desulfurized gypsum is evenly spread on the surface of the field. 400 kg / mu of desulfurized gypsum is mechanically spread, with an effective component CaSO4·2H2O content of ≥85% and a particle size of ≤5 mm.

3. The high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In the process of desalination and alkali reduction, a drip irrigation system under the film is installed according to the specification of one control per row. The drip irrigation tape is laid out in one go, and the spacing of the drip emitters on the drip irrigation tape is matched with the spacing of the sunflower plants. Each drip irrigation covers 3-25m. 3 / mu, irrigation uniformity ≥90%; use a mulching machine to lay the film, cover with black mulch film, the film width is 70cm and the burial depth is 8-10cm, to avoid damage to the sunflower roots.

4. The high-yield sunflower cultivation method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, In the process of desalination and alkalinity reduction, high-frequency / low-frequency dynamic drip irrigation (non-rainy period) includes: during the sunflower seedling stage, drip irrigation once, with a drip volume of 15-25m³. 3 / mu; During the sunflower budding stage, drip irrigation is applied twice, with each drip irrigation volume being 4-8m³. 3 / mu and 5-15m 3 / mu; from the late budding stage to the flowering stage, drip irrigation 1-3 times, drip irrigation volume 10-25m³. 3 / mu; During the grouting period, drip irrigation once, with a drip irrigation volume of 5-15m³. 3 / mu.

5. The high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the soil fertilization process, the base fertilizer is applied by spreading, with 200-400 kg / mu of humic acid, 6-8 cubic meters / mu of well-rotted farmyard manure, and 25-40 kg / mu of basal fertilizer.

6. The high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The purity of humic acid is ≥50%, and the organic matter content is ≥70%; the organic matter content of well-rotted farmyard manure is ≥30%, and the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate.

7. The high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, During the soil fertilization process, humic acid is applied to the seedlings via drip irrigation system along with the drip irrigation water at a rate of 5 kg / mu.

8. The method for high-yield sunflower cultivation in saline-alkali land of the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, During the soil fertilization process, topdressing during the budding stage involves adding 9 kg / mu of urea, 1 kg / mu of granular boron, and 15 kg / mu of potassium sulfate via drip irrigation.

9. The high-yield sunflower planting method applicable to saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, During the soil fertilization process, topdressing during the flowering period involves adding 6 kg / mu of urea, 0.25 kg / mu of granular boron, and 5 kg / mu of potassium sulfate via drip irrigation.

10. The method for high-yield sunflower cultivation in saline-alkali land of the Hetao Irrigation District as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the appropriate planting steps, the sowing rate of sunflowers is 1800-2000 plants per mu, with a plant spacing of 45-55cm and consistent spacing. The sowing depth is 3-5cm. Herbicides are applied before sowing. During the budding stage, appropriate fungicides are applied depending on whether there is an outbreak of pests or diseases.

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