Rapid fattening bait for sea urchins and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid fattening bait for sea urchins and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feeds. The bait is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-25 parts of kelp powder, 10-25 parts of undaria pinnatifida powder, 5-15 parts of ulva pertusa powder, 5-15 parts of mussel powder, 8-20 parts of corn flour, 1.5-4.5 parts of gelatin powder and 30-50 parts of purified water. The sea urchin fattening feed has the beneficial effects that the formula is scientific, the nutrition is comprehensive and balanced, and the sea urchin fattening feed specially aims at the sea urchin fattening nutritional requirements and can remarkably promote rapid development of sea urchin gonads; after the bait enters water, the structure can be kept complete for a long time, the bait is almost free of dissolution loss, the utilization rate of the bait is greatly improved, and water pollution is fundamentally avoided; the bait is soft in texture and easy to gnaw by sea urchins, and the surface of the bait can slowly release food calling substances to attract the sea urchins to gather and eat; in the preparation process, low-temperature mixing and gel shaping are adopted, so that nutrient substances such as heat-sensitive vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids are effectively protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to sea urchin feed and its preparation method, specifically to a rapid fattening sea urchin feed and its preparation method, belonging to the field of aquaculture feed technology. Background Technology

[0002] The economic value of sea urchins mainly lies in their gonads—sea urchin roe. The color, fullness, flavor, and nutritional value of sea urchin roe are key indicators determining the commercial grade of sea urchins. Fattening sea urchins with highly efficient specialized feed during the period before harvest is a core method for improving aquaculture efficiency.

[0003] Currently, the feed for sea urchin farming is mainly divided into three categories: first, natural fresh large algae (such as kelp and wakame); second, simply processed dried algae powder; and third, a few experimental formulated feeds.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned baits have obvious drawbacks, specifically: 1. Nutritional imbalance: The nutrients in a single type of algae are fixed and cannot meet the needs of sea urchins' rapidly developing gonads. Development requires high levels of protein, specific glycogen, and trace elements, resulting in low fattening efficiency; 2. Severe water pollution: Fresh algae and dried algae powder are easily dissolved and decomposed after entering the water, resulting in low feed utilization. A large amount of uneaten feed and metabolic waste seriously pollutes the aquaculture water, deteriorates the aquaculture environment, and increases the risk of disease. 3. Inability to precisely enhance nutrition: The nutritional components of natural bait cannot be enhanced and adjusted according to the specific needs of sea urchins during their fattening stage; 4. Inconvenient storage and feeding: Fresh algae requires cold chain transportation and has a short shelf life; dried algae powder is prone to floating and has poor sinking properties when fed.

[0005] Although some studies have mentioned artificial compound feeds, most of them focus on mainstream aquatic pellet feeds. The processing often involves high-temperature pelleting, which can easily destroy heat-sensitive nutrients. In addition, the hardness of the resulting feed may not be suitable for sea urchins to consume. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a food that is nutritionally complete, palatable, highly stable in water, and specifically promotes the rapid development of sea urchin gonads, as well as a method for preparing the food.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A sea urchin rapid fattening feed, composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-25 portions of kelp powder 10-25 servings of wakame seaweed powder 5-15 parts of water shield powder 5-15 parts mussel powder 8-20 parts cornmeal 1.5-4.5 parts gelatin powder 30-50 parts purified water.

[0008] Preferably, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 portions of kelp powder 15-20 servings of wakame seaweed powder 8-12 parts of water shield powder 8-12 parts mussel powder 12-16 parts cornmeal 2-3.5 parts gelatin powder 35-45 parts purified water.

[0009] More preferably, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 portions of kelp powder 17 servings of wakame seaweed powder 10 parts of water shield powder 10 portions of mussel powder 15 parts corn flour 3 parts gelatin powder 40 portions of purified water.

[0010] Alternatively, it may consist of the following parts by weight of raw materials: 15 portions of kelp powder 20 servings of wakame seaweed powder 12 parts of water shield powder, 8 parts mussel powder 16 parts corn flour 2.5 parts gelatin powder 38 portions of purified water.

[0011] The aforementioned method for preparing sea urchin rapid fattening feed includes the following steps: 1. Add the gelatin powder of the formula amount to the purified water of the formula amount heated to 85-98℃, and continue stirring until the gelatin powder is completely dissolved to obtain a transparent gel matrix liquid. Maintain the temperature at 60-75℃ and set aside. 2. Mix the kelp powder, wakame powder, kelp powder, mussel powder and corn flour according to the formula, stir until uniform, and obtain the mixed dry material for later use; 3. Add the mixed dry material obtained in step 2 to the gel matrix liquid obtained in step 1, and stir thoroughly to obtain a uniform viscous paste. 4. Pour the viscous paste obtained in step 3 into the molding mold and let it cool and solidify.

[0012] The advantages of this invention are: (1) Comprehensive and balanced nutrition: Based on kelp, wakame, and Ulva perforatum, it conforms to the natural diet of sea urchins and provides algal polysaccharides and minerals; mussel powder provides high-quality animal protein and palatability-enhancing substances; corn flour, as an energy source and glycogen precursor, helps sea urchin gonads to fatten and develop sweetness. The feed formula provided by this invention is scientific and specifically targets the nutritional needs of sea urchin fattening, and can significantly promote the rapid development of sea urchin gonads.

[0013] (2) Revolutionary water stability: By utilizing the gelling properties of gelatin powder, nutrients such as kelp powder, wakame powder, ulcerative coleslaw powder, mussel powder, and corn powder are locked in a three-dimensional network structure. After the bait is put into the water, it can maintain the integrity of the structure for a long time (more than 48 hours) with almost no loss, which greatly improves the utilization rate of the bait and fundamentally avoids water pollution.

[0014] (3) Excellent palatability and ease of feeding: The bait is in the form of gel sheets, gel strips or gel blocks, with a soft texture, making it easy for sea urchins to eat. Its surface will slowly release attractant substances to attract sea urchins to gather and feed.

[0015] (4) Maximum retention of nutrients: The preparation process adopts low-temperature mixing and gel shaping, avoiding high-temperature and high-pressure granulation process, effectively protecting heat-sensitive vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids and other nutrients.

[0016] (5) Convenient storage and feeding: The finished feed can be arbitrarily shaped into flakes, strips or blocks, which is convenient for quantitative feeding according to the size of sea urchins and the breeding density. Aseptic packaging or frozen storage extends the shelf life. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0018] I. Composition of Sea Urchin Rapid Fattening Feed The sea urchin rapid fattening feed provided by this invention is in the form of gel sheets, gel strips, or gel blocks, and is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-25 portions of kelp powder 10-25 servings of wakame seaweed powder 5-15 parts of water shield powder 5-15 parts mussel powder 8-20 parts cornmeal 1.5-4.5 parts gelatin powder 30-50 parts purified water.

[0019] Preferably, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 portions of kelp powder 15-20 servings of wakame seaweed powder 8-12 parts of water shield powder 8-12 parts mussel powder 12-16 parts cornmeal 2-3.5 parts gelatin powder 35-45 parts purified water.

[0020] in: (1) Kelp powder: It is rich in brown algae polysaccharides, crude protein, various mineral elements and trace elements, and has the fresh aroma of seaweed. The algae aroma component, dimethyl-β-propionate thiatin (DMPT), can enhance the palatability of the feed.

[0021] (2) Wakame powder: It is rich in brown algae polysaccharides, polyphenols, fucoxanthin, dietary fiber, iodine, calcium, magnesium and other components, which can not only enhance the flavor of feed, but also strengthen the nutrition of feed.

[0022] (3) Ulva sylvestris powder: rich in protein, pentosan, soluble non-nitrogenous substances, crude fiber, amino acids, fatty acids and various elements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, phosphorus, barium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, molybdenum, etc.).

[0023] (4) Mussel powder: rich in protein, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals.

[0024] (5) Corn flour: rich in dietary fiber, B vitamins, iron and other minerals.

[0025] (6) Gelatin powder: a water-soluble protein extracted from animal collagen, which can not only thicken, shape and stabilize the bait, but also supplement nutrition.

[0026] This feed is nutritionally complete, rich in polysaccharides, proteins, and minerals necessary for the development of sea urchin gonads, and can promote the rapid development of sea urchin gonads.

[0027] II. Preparation Method of Sea Urchin Rapid Fattening Feed The method for preparing the above-mentioned sea urchin rapid fattening feed in the form of gel sheets, gel strips, or gel blocks provided by the present invention specifically includes the following steps: 1. Sol: Add the prescribed amount of gelatin powder to the prescribed amount of purified water heated to 85-98℃, and stir continuously until the gelatin powder is completely dissolved to obtain a transparent gel matrix liquid. Maintain the temperature at 60-75℃ and set aside.

[0028] 2. Mix the dry ingredients: Mix the kelp powder, wakame powder, kelp powder, mussel powder and corn powder according to the formula, and stir until uniform to obtain the mixed dry ingredients, and set aside.

[0029] 3. Hot mixing: Add the mixed dry material obtained in step 2 to the gel matrix liquid obtained in step 1, and stir and mix thoroughly to obtain a uniform viscous paste.

[0030] 4. Shaping: Inject the viscous paste obtained in step 3 into a molding mold and cool it at room temperature or under refrigeration to solidify and shape the viscous paste into a solid gel sheet, gel strip, or gel block.

[0031] 5. Storage: The gel sheets, gel strips or gel blocks obtained in step 4 are aseptically sealed and stored under refrigeration, or directly frozen.

[0032] III. Fattening Effect of Sea Urchin Rapid Fattening Feed

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Weigh the following ingredients by weight: 18 parts kelp powder, 17 parts wakame powder, 10 parts oyster shell powder, 10 parts mussel powder, 15 parts corn powder, 3 parts gelatin powder, and 40 parts purified water.

[0035] Preparation method: 1. Heat 40 parts of purified water to 92℃, add 3 parts of gelatin powder, and stir while heating until the gelatin powder is completely dissolved to obtain a transparent gel matrix liquid. Transfer it to an insulated container and maintain the temperature at 65±5℃ for later use.

[0036] 2. Mix 18 parts kelp powder, 17 parts wakame powder, 10 parts ulcerative coleslaw powder, 10 parts mussel powder and 15 parts corn powder, and stir in a dry material mixer until the color is uniform to obtain a mixed dry material for later use.

[0037] 3. Slowly add the mixed dry material obtained in step 2 to the gel matrix liquid obtained in step 1, and mix thoroughly with a high-powered mixer to obtain a uniform, viscous paste without dry powder particles.

[0038] 4. Pour the viscous paste obtained in step 3 into a flat mold, smooth it to a thickness of about 1.2cm, and transfer it to a 5℃ cold storage to allow the viscous paste to solidify and solidify (gel plate). Then cut it into small pieces of 3cm×3cm to obtain gel blocks.

[0039] 5. Pack the gel block obtained in step 4 into a food-grade vacuum bag, sterilize it in a 90℃ water bath for 15 minutes, and finally store it in a refrigerator at 4℃. The resulting bait is designated as bait A.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] Weigh the following ingredients by weight: 15 parts kelp powder, 20 parts wakame powder, 12 parts kelp powder, 8 parts mussel powder, 16 parts corn powder, 2.5 parts gelatin powder, and 38 parts purified water.

[0042] Preparation method: The preparation method is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the viscous paste solidification is carried out at room temperature (25°C). The resulting bait is designated as Bait B.

[0043] Comparative Example Fresh kelp available in the market.

[0044] Feeding Trial One hundred and fifty healthy (feeding normally, without barbs on their body surface) sea urchins weighing 50g were selected and randomly divided into three groups (Example 1 group, Example 2 group, and Comparative group), with 50 sea urchins in each group and three replicates. Example 1 group was fed 90g of feed A daily, Example 2 group was fed 90g of feed B daily, and the Comparative group was fed 90g of fresh kelp daily. All sea urchins were cultured for 30 days under the same water and management conditions.

[0045] During the aquaculture period, the water quality (ammonia nitrogen concentration) of each group was observed. At the end, the body weight (g) and gonad weight (g) of the Ezo horse urchin were measured, and the average body weight (g), gonad index (GI, %), and feed loss rate (%) were calculated.

[0046] Observations showed that during the aquaculture period, the water quality in the first and second example groups was clear, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was low and stable; while the water quality in the control group was easily turbid and the ammonia nitrogen concentration fluctuated greatly during the aquaculture period.

[0047] The final average body weight (g), gonadal index (GI, %), and feed loss rate (%) for each group are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1. Calculation results of final average body weight, gonadal index, and feed loss rate.

[0049] The experimental results showed that the sea urchins fed with the feed of this invention were significantly better than those fed with commercially available fresh kelp in terms of weight gain and gonad development (p<0.01), and the feed loss rate was extremely low, with no adverse effects on water quality.

[0050] In summary, the feed provided by this invention is a specialized feed that can rapidly promote the gonadal development (fattening) of sea urchins (especially economically important species such as Ezo fusiforme and Echinochloa glabra), with an extremely low loss rate and no adverse effects on water quality.

[0051] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of this invention are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A rapid fattening feed for sea urchins, characterized in that, The sea urchin rapid fattening feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-25 portions of kelp powder 10-25 servings of wakame seaweed powder 5-15 parts of water shield powder 5-15 parts mussel powder 8-20 parts cornmeal 1.5-4.5 parts gelatin powder 30-50 parts purified water.

2. The sea urchin rapid fattening feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sea urchin rapid fattening feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 portions of kelp powder 15-20 servings of wakame seaweed powder 8-12 parts of water shield powder 8-12 parts mussel powder 12-16 parts cornmeal 2-3.5 parts gelatin powder 35-45 parts purified water.

3. The sea urchin rapid fattening feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sea urchin rapid fattening feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 portions of kelp powder 17 servings of wakame seaweed powder 10 parts of water shield powder 10 portions of mussel powder 15 parts corn flour 3 parts gelatin powder 40 portions of purified water.

4. The sea urchin rapid fattening feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sea urchin rapid fattening feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 portions of kelp powder 20 servings of wakame seaweed powder 12 parts of water shield powder, 8 parts mussel powder 16 parts corn flour 2.5 parts gelatin powder 38 portions of purified water.

5. The method for preparing the sea urchin rapid fattening feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps:

1. Add the gelatin powder of the formula amount to the purified water of the formula amount heated to 85-98℃, and continue stirring until the gelatin powder is completely dissolved to obtain a transparent gel matrix liquid. Maintain the temperature at 60-75℃ and set aside.

2. Mix the kelp powder, wakame powder, kelp powder, mussel powder and corn flour according to the formula, stir until uniform, and obtain the mixed dry material for later use; 3. Add the mixed dry material obtained in step 2 to the gel matrix liquid obtained in step 1, and stir thoroughly to obtain a uniform viscous paste.

4. Pour the viscous paste obtained in step 3 into the molding mold and let it cool and solidify.

Images