Impact-resistant high-strength composite abrasive cutting wheel and preparation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-impact high-strength composite cutting grinding wheel which is characterized in that the anti-impact high-strength composite cutting grinding wheel is of a sandwich composite structure of a ceramic abrasive material layer, a glass fiber net reinforcing layer and an elastic buffer layer, and the anti-impact high-strength composite cutting grinding wheel sequentially comprises the ceramic abrasive material layer, the glass fiber net reinforcing layer and the elastic buffer layer from outside to inside; the ceramic abrasive material layer, the glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer and the elastic buffer layer are compounded and molded through a binder, the overall thickness is 3-8 mm, the diameter is 100-300 mm, the glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer is composed of a high-toughness glass fiber gridding cloth modified by a silane coupling agent, the elastic buffer layer is composed of a polyurethane elastomer material, and the elastic buffer layer is composed of a polyurethane elastomer material. The ceramic abrasive material layer is composed of a compound abrasive material formed by nano silicon carbide, flaky corundum, a phenolic resin binder, steel slag micro powder, abrasive material particles and auxiliary materials. The invention also discloses a corresponding preparation method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cutting tool technology, specifically to an impact-resistant, high-strength composite cutting wheel and its preparation method. It is particularly suitable for industries such as machining and building materials, and can be widely used in cutting operations of materials such as metal, stone, and concrete. It can effectively solve the problems of poor impact resistance, easy breakage during high-speed cutting, and insufficient durability of traditional cutting wheels, improve the safety and efficiency of cutting operations, and meet the urgent needs of related industries for high-safety cutting tools. Background Technology

[0002] Cutting wheels are indispensable core cutting tools in industries such as machining and construction materials. They are mainly used for cutting and grinding various materials such as metal, stone, concrete, and glass. Their performance directly affects cutting efficiency, operational safety, and production costs. The machining and construction materials industries encompass numerous machinery manufacturing, construction, and stone processing enterprises, resulting in a huge demand for cutting wheels. Furthermore, with industrial upgrading and increasing safety management requirements, higher demands are being placed on the impact resistance, strength, wear resistance, and safety of cutting wheels. Currently, the traditional cutting wheels widely used in the market suffer from the following technical shortcomings, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of related industries:

[0003] 1. Poor impact resistance, prone to chipping during high-speed cutting: Traditional cutting wheels mostly use a single abrasive layer structure, lacking effective reinforcement and cushioning design, resulting in a brittle texture and insufficient impact resistance. In high-speed cutting operations (especially cutting scenarios with speeds ≥3000 r / min), the grinding wheel will be subjected to large impact loads, easily leading to chipping and cracking. This not only affects cutting efficiency but may also cause safety accidents, threatening the personal safety of operators. This is one of the main safety hazards currently faced by machining and construction material companies.

[0004] 2. Insufficient durability and high operating costs: Traditional cutting wheels have relatively simple abrasive formulations, often using ordinary corundum or silicon carbide abrasives, which have limited hardness and wear resistance. During cutting, the abrasive is prone to detachment and wear, resulting in a short wheel lifespan and frequent replacements, increasing production costs for companies. Furthermore, some wheels have poor adhesive performance, easily leading to delamination and detachment, further reducing durability.

[0005] 3. High energy consumption in production process and poor product stability: Traditional cutting grinding wheels mostly adopt high temperature and high pressure curing process. The curing temperature is usually 150-200℃ and the pressure is 3.0-5.0MPa. Not only is the energy consumption high, but it is also easy to generate large internal stress inside the grinding wheel, which affects the impact resistance and dimensional stability of the product, resulting in problems such as deformation and cracking, and a low product qualification rate.

[0006] 4. High raw material costs and low resource utilization: Traditional cutting wheels mostly use pure chemical raw materials for abrasives and binders, resulting in high costs. Furthermore, they do not fully utilize local industrial solid waste resources, which is inconsistent with national policies promoting green development and resource recycling. As a major industrial nation, China generates a large amount of industrial solid waste such as steel slag annually. Failure to effectively utilize this waste will not only lead to resource waste but also create environmental pressure.

[0007] In response to the above problems, the industry has made relevant improvement attempts, but many shortcomings still exist. For example, some technologies use a single glass fiber reinforcement layer to improve the strength of the grinding wheel, but without a buffer layer, the improvement in impact resistance is limited, and it is still prone to breakage during high-speed cutting; other technologies have optimized the abrasive formula to improve wear resistance, but have not solved the problems of high energy consumption and high internal stress in the production process, resulting in poor product stability; in addition, few existing technologies use local industrial solid waste in the production of grinding wheels, failing to achieve the dual goals of resource recycling and cost reduction. For example, existing technologies disclose a high-strength cutting wheel that increases strength by adding a carbon fiber reinforcement layer. However, carbon fiber is expensive, and the lack of a buffer layer results in insufficient impact resistance, making it unsuitable for high-speed cutting scenarios. Another existing technology discloses a wear-resistant cutting wheel with optimized abrasive ratios, but it employs a traditional high-temperature, high-pressure curing process, leading to high energy consumption, high internal stress, and a tendency to crack. Existing technologies also disclose a composite grinding wheel with a multi-layered structure, but it lacks an elastic buffer layer and does not utilize industrial solid waste, resulting in high raw material costs that fail to meet the cost control requirements of related industries.

[0008] Therefore, developing a cutting wheel and its preparation method that can take into account excellent impact resistance, high strength, high wear resistance, low production energy consumption, low raw material cost, and adapt to the needs of machining and building materials industries, and solving the pain points of existing technologies, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the current cutting tool field. It is also an important support for promoting the upgrading of related industries and achieving green development. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to address the technical pain points of traditional cutting wheels, such as poor impact resistance, easy breakage during high-speed cutting, insufficient durability, high production energy consumption, high raw material costs, and low resource utilization. Combining this with the urgent need for high-safety cutting tools in industries such as machining and construction materials, this invention provides an impact-resistant, high-strength composite cutting wheel and its preparation method. Through three core innovations—multi-layer composite reinforcement structure design, optimized wear-resistant and impact-resistant abrasive formulation, and low-temperature curing molding process—a cutting wheel with excellent impact resistance, high strength, good wear resistance, low production energy consumption, and moderate cost is produced. This wheel meets the cutting needs of related industries, improves operational safety and efficiency, achieves resource recycling, and promotes green industrial development.

[0010] The first aspect of this invention is to provide an impact-resistant, high-strength composite cutting wheel, which adopts a sandwich composite structure of "ceramic abrasive layer - fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer - elastic buffer layer", wherein the ceramic abrasive layer, the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer and the elastic buffer layer are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside; the ceramic abrasive layer, the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer and the elastic buffer layer are compositely formed by an adhesive, with an overall thickness of 3-8 mm and a diameter of 100-300 mm; the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer is composed of high-toughness fiberglass mesh cloth modified with silane coupling agent; the elastic buffer layer is composed of polyurethane elastomer material; and the ceramic abrasive layer is composed of a compound abrasive formed by nano-silicon carbide, flake corundum, phenolic resin binder, steel slag powder, abrasive particles and auxiliary materials.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the ceramic abrasive layer is 1.5-4.0 mm, accounting for 50%-60% of the total thickness of the grinding wheel; the thickness of the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer is 0.5-1.5 mm, accounting for 15%-25% of the total thickness of the grinding wheel; the thickness of the elastic buffer layer is 0.5-2.0 mm, accounting for 15%-25% of the total thickness of the grinding wheel; and the hardness of the grinding wheel is HRB. The high-toughness fiberglass mesh modified with silane coupling agent has a Shore hardness of 70-85, tensile strength ≥18MPa, elongation at break ≥400%, and impact absorption performance ≥85%. The preparation method of the high-toughness fiberglass mesh modified with silane coupling agent includes: immersing the fiberglass mesh in a silane coupling agent solution, padding, and then drying and curing. The mass concentration of the silane coupling agent solution is 2.0-5.0%, the silane coupling agent is one or a mixture of KH-550 and KH-560, the padding pressure is 0.2-0.4MPa, the padding speed is 8-15m / min, the drying and curing temperature is 80-100℃, and the drying and curing time is 1-2h. The polyurethane elastomer material has a Shore hardness of A 70-85, tensile strength ≥18MPa, elongation at break ≥400%, and impact absorption performance ≥85%. The elastic buffer layer also contains 0.5-1.5% of an anti-aging agent, which is one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol or triphenyl phosphite.

[0012] Preferably, the composite abrasive in the ceramic abrasive layer comprises, by mass fraction: 45-65% abrasive particles, 3.0-8.0% nano-silicon carbide, 5.0-12.0% flake corundum, 15-25% phenolic resin binder, 5.0-15.0% steel slag powder, and 0.4%-1.1% auxiliary materials; the auxiliary materials include dispersants and defoamers, wherein the mass fraction of the dispersant is 0.3-0.8%, and the mass fraction of the defoamer is 0.1-0.3%; the particle size distribution of the abrasive particles is coarse (8... The composition is as follows: 15% (0-120 mesh), 60% (120-200 mesh), and 25% (200-320 mesh); the nano-silicon carbide has a particle size of 30-80 nm and a purity ≥99.5%; the flaky corundum has a particle size of 1-5 μm and a purity ≥99.0%; the steel slag powder is industrial solid waste with a particle size of 100-300 nm and an activity index ≥75%; the phenolic resin binder is a thermosetting phenolic resin with a softening point of 80-100℃ and a viscosity of 500-1500 mPa·s.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an impact-resistant, high-strength composite cutting wheel according to the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1, Preparation of glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer, including: selecting glass fiber mesh cloth, modifying it with silane coupling agent to obtain modified high-toughness glass fiber mesh cloth as glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer;

[0015] S2, Preparing an elastic buffer layer, comprising: uniformly mixing polyurethane elastomer raw materials, anti-aging agents and dispersants, and obtaining an elastic buffer layer by melting and molding;

[0016] S3, preparing raw materials for ceramic abrasive layer, including: weighing abrasive particles, nano-silicon carbide, flake corundum, phenolic resin binder, steel slag powder, dispersant and defoamer according to mass fraction, mixing evenly and then ultrasonically dispersing to obtain ceramic abrasive layer mixture;

[0017] S4, perform composite molding: stack the ceramic abrasive layer mixture, the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and the elastic buffer layer in the order of ceramic abrasive layer-fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer-elastic buffer layer, place them in the molding mold, and press them to obtain the grinding wheel blank;

[0018] S5, Low-temperature curing, including: using the process of "microwave pre-curing + constant temperature and low pressure curing" to cure the grinding wheel blank, to obtain an impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting grinding wheel;

[0019] S6. Post-processing of the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel: trimming, grinding and inspecting the cured impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel, removing unqualified products, and obtaining the finished product.

[0020] Preferably, S1 includes:

[0021] S11, Select raw materials, including: selecting fiberglass mesh; selecting silane coupling agent, deionized water and catalyst, wherein the catalyst is hydrochloric acid or ammonia;

[0022] S12, preparing a silane coupling agent solution, comprising: mixing silane coupling agent with deionized water at a mass ratio of 2:98-5:95, adding 0.1-0.2% catalyst, turning on the stirring device, stirring at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-15 min, and letting it stand for 10-20 min after stirring evenly to allow the silane coupling agent to be fully hydrolyzed, thereby obtaining a silane coupling agent solution with a mass concentration of 2.0-5.0%, the solution being uniform and free of precipitation;

[0023] S13, modification treatment, including: immersing the fiberglass mesh in the prepared silane coupling agent solution for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the fiberglass mesh fully absorbs the solution; then, feeding the fiberglass mesh into a two-roll impregnation mill for impregnation treatment, with an impregnation pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa and an impregnation speed of 8-15 m / min, controlling the impregnation amount to ensure that the silane coupling agent solution is uniformly adhered to the surface of the fiberglass mesh without excess liquid accumulation;

[0024] S14, drying and curing, including: placing the impregnated fiberglass mesh into a drying oven and drying and curing at 80-100℃ for 1-2 hours. After drying and curing, a modified high-toughness fiberglass mesh is obtained as a fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer for later use.

[0025] Preferably, S2 includes:

[0026] S21, Selecting raw materials, including: selecting polyurethane elastomer raw materials in a mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.5:0.1-0.3; selecting anti-aging agents and dispersants, wherein the amount of anti-aging agent added is 0.5-1.5% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials, and the amount of dispersant added is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials; wherein the polyurethane elastomer raw materials are isocyanate, polyether polyol and chain extender, the anti-aging agent is one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and triphenyl phosphite, and the dispersant is sodium polycarboxylate;

[0027] S22, Mixing and Melting, comprising: adding isocyanate, polyether polyol, and chain extender to a melting vessel, turning on the stirring device at a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min, heating to 120-150℃, and melting for 20-40 min to fully melt and mix the raw materials; subsequently, adding the anti-aging agent and the dispersant, and continuing to stir for 10-15 min until uniform, to obtain a polyurethane elastomer melt;

[0028] S23, Molding, including: pouring molten polyurethane elastomer into a molding mold, controlling the molding pressure to be 0.1-0.3MPa, the molding temperature to be 80-100℃, and the molding time to be 15-30min, so that the molten material can be cooled and molded; after molding is completed, it is removed from the mold to obtain an elastic buffer layer for later use.

[0029] Preferably, S3 includes:

[0030] S31, weigh the raw materials, including: weigh the following raw materials by mass fraction: 45-65% abrasive particles, 3.0-8.0% nano-silicon carbide, 5.0-12.0% flake corundum, 15-25% phenolic resin binder, 5.0-15.0% steel slag powder, 0.3-0.8% dispersant, and 0.1-0.3% defoamer; wherein the abrasive particles are weighed in a ratio of 15% coarse particles, 60% medium particles, and 25% fine particles, wherein the coarse particles are 80-120 mesh, the medium particles are 120-200 mesh, and the... The fine particles are 200-320 mesh; the nano-silicon carbide has a particle size of 30-80 nm and a purity ≥99.5%; the flaky corundum has a particle size of 1-5 μm and a purity ≥99.0%; the steel slag powder is local industrial solid waste with a particle size of 100-300 nm and an activity index ≥75%; the phenolic resin binder is a thermosetting phenolic resin with a softening point of 80-100℃ and a viscosity of 500-1500 mPa·s; the dispersant is one of sodium polycarboxylate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; and the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer.

[0031] S32, the mixing process includes: adding the weighed coarse, medium, and fine abrasive particles, nano-silicon carbide, flaky corundum, and steel slag powder to a mixing tank, turning on the stirring device, and stirring at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-20 min to ensure the solid raw materials are fully and evenly mixed; then, adding the dispersant and defoamer, and continuing to stir for 10-15 min to ensure the dispersant and defoamer are evenly dispersed in the solid raw materials to prevent the solid particles from agglomerating; finally, adding the phenolic resin binder, adjusting the stirring speed to 600-800 r / min, and stirring for 20-30 min to ensure the phenolic resin binder is evenly coated on the surface of the solid particles, resulting in a preliminary mixture;

[0032] S33, Perform ultrasonic dispersion, including: placing the pre-mixed mixture into an ultrasonic dispersion device, with an ultrasonic power of 400-600W, an ultrasonic time of 20-40min, and an ultrasonic temperature of 30-45℃. Through ultrasonic dispersion, the agglomeration of solid particles is further broken, so that each component is evenly dispersed, and a uniform, agglomerated, and fluid ceramic abrasive layer mixture is obtained for later use.

[0033] Preferably, S4 includes:

[0034] S41, Prepare the mold, including: select a forming mold that matches the size of the target grinding wheel, apply a release agent to the inner wall of the mold to facilitate subsequent demolding, and clean the impurities and dust from the inner wall of the mold to ensure that the mold is clean and flat;

[0035] S42, Stacking and Laying Materials, including: stacking the ceramic abrasive layer mixture, fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and elastic buffer layer into the forming mold in the order of ceramic abrasive layer-fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer-elastic buffer layer; the thickness of the ceramic abrasive layer mixture is 1.5-4.0mm, the thickness of the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer is 0.5-1.5mm, and the thickness of the elastic buffer layer is 0.5-2.0mm, with the total thickness of the materials consistent with the target thickness of the grinding wheel; after laying the materials, gently press to allow the layers to initially adhere;

[0036] S43, pressing and molding, including: placing the mold with the material laid into a hydraulic molding machine, controlling the pressing and molding pressure to be 1.0-2.5MPa, the molding temperature to be 60-80℃, and the molding time to be 15-30min. Through pressing, the layers are tightly bonded to form a uniform, non-delaminated, and bubble-free grinding wheel blank.

[0037] S44, Demolding, including: After pressing is completed, turn off the hydraulic forming machine, and after the mold cools to room temperature of 25±5℃, remove the grinding wheel blank from the mold.

[0038] Preferably, S5 includes:

[0039] S51, Microwave pre-curing is performed, including: placing the demolded grinding wheel blank into a microwave curing oven, controlling the microwave power to be 300-500W, the pre-curing temperature to be 70-90℃, and the pre-curing time to be 10-20min;

[0040] S52, constant temperature and low pressure curing, including: placing the pre-cured grinding wheel blank into a constant temperature curing chamber, controlling the curing temperature at 80-100℃, the curing pressure at 0.3-0.8MPa, and the curing time at 2-4h;

[0041] S53, cooling process includes: after curing is completed, closing the constant temperature curing chamber, removing the grinding wheel from the curing chamber, and allowing it to cool naturally to room temperature of 25±5℃.

[0042] Preferably, S6 includes:

[0043] S61, trimming, including: putting the cooled grinding wheel into the trimming machine and trimming the edge of the grinding wheel;

[0044] S62, Grinding includes: putting the trimmed grinding wheel into a grinding machine to grind the cut surface of the grinding wheel and remove the uneven parts of the surface;

[0045] S63, conduct inspection, including: a comprehensive inspection of the ground grinding wheel, the inspection items include: dimensional accuracy, hardness, impact strength, wear resistance, bonding strength and appearance; unqualified products need to be re-cured or discarded, qualified products are finished impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting grinding wheels;

[0046] S64, Packaging and Storage, including: packaging qualified finished grinding wheels.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the method and system of the present invention are as follows:

[0048] The core innovation of this invention lies in three points, which work together synergistically to comprehensively improve the performance of the cutting grinding wheel and optimize the production process, as detailed below:

[0049] 1. Multi-layer composite reinforced structure design enhances impact resistance and strength.

[0050] Breaking through the limitations of traditional single abrasive layer structures, this invention employs a sandwich composite structure of "ceramic abrasive layer - fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer - elastic buffer layer," achieving a synergistic effect of "wear resistance + reinforcement + buffering." The fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer utilizes high-toughness fiberglass mesh modified with a silane coupling agent. This agent improves the bonding force between the fiberglass mesh and the adhesive, enhancing the tensile strength of the reinforcement layer and its composite strength with other layers. This, in turn, strengthens the overall strength and impact resistance of the grinding wheel, preventing delamination and breakage during cutting. The elastic buffer layer uses polyurethane elastomer, which possesses excellent elasticity and impact absorption properties. It effectively absorbs impact loads during cutting, alleviating stress impacts during high-speed cutting and preventing brittle fracture of the grinding wheel. It also improves the wheel's toughness, reducing edge chipping. The ceramic abrasive layer serves as the cutting surface, ensuring the grinding wheel's cutting efficiency and wear resistance. The synergistic effect of these three elements gives the grinding wheel a combination of impact resistance, high strength, and high wear resistance.

[0051] 2. Optimized wear-resistant and impact-resistant abrasive formula to improve durability and reduce costs.

[0052] In the ceramic abrasive layer, a composite abrasive of "nano-silicon carbide + lamellar corundum" is used. Nano-silicon carbide possesses excellent hardness and wear resistance, while lamellar corundum exhibits good toughness and impact resistance. The combination of these two significantly enhances the hardness, wear resistance, and impact resistance of the abrasive layer. A phenolic resin binder is also incorporated; phenolic resin features high bonding strength, high temperature resistance, and good wear resistance, effectively fixing the abrasive particles, preventing abrasive detachment, and improving the durability of the grinding wheel. Simultaneously, locally sourced industrial solid waste—steel slag powder—is introduced as a reinforcing filler phase. The slag powder contains a large amount of iron oxides, silicates and other components, which have a certain degree of hardness and activity. It can not only improve the strength and wear resistance of the abrasive layer, but also reduce the cost of raw materials and realize the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, which is in line with the national green development policy. By precisely adjusting the abrasive particle size ratio (15% coarse particles + 60% medium particles + 25% fine particles), the coarse particles are responsible for rapid cutting and improving cutting efficiency, the medium particles are responsible for refining the cutting surface and ensuring cutting accuracy, and the fine particles are responsible for improving wear resistance, thus achieving a perfect balance between high-efficiency cutting and durability.

[0053] 3. Low-temperature curing molding process reduces energy consumption and improves product stability.

[0054] Abandoning the traditional high-temperature and high-pressure curing process, a low-temperature molding process of "microwave pre-curing + constant temperature and low-pressure curing" is adopted. Microwave pre-curing is characterized by uniform heating and fast speed, which can quickly and initially cure the grinding wheel blank and reduce curing time. Constant temperature and low-pressure curing can slowly and fully cure the blank, reducing production energy consumption (more than 30% lower than traditional processes). At the same time, it effectively reduces the internal stress of the grinding wheel, avoids problems such as deformation and cracking, further improves the impact resistance and dimensional accuracy of the product, and improves the product qualification rate.

[0055] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following significant advantages: it effectively solves the pain points of existing technologies, meets the urgent needs of industries such as machining and building materials for high-safety cutting tools, and conforms to the national green development policy.

[0056] 1. Significantly Improved Impact Resistance, Safer High-Speed ​​Cutting: This invention employs a sandwich composite structure of "ceramic abrasive layer - fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer - elastic buffer layer." The fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer enhances the overall strength and tensile strength of the grinding wheel, while the elastic buffer layer effectively absorbs impact loads during cutting, alleviating stress impacts during high-speed cutting and preventing brittle fracture and chipping of the grinding wheel. The prepared grinding wheel has an impact resistance ≥12kJ / m², exhibiting no chipping during high-speed cutting (speed ≥3000r / min), significantly improving the safety of cutting operations. This solves the core problem of traditional grinding wheels being prone to chipping during high-speed cutting, reduces the incidence of safety accidents, and is suitable for the high-speed cutting needs of the machining and building materials industries.

[0057] 2. Excellent wear resistance and significantly improved durability: By optimizing the ceramic abrasive layer formula, a composite abrasive of "nano-silicon carbide + lamellar corundum" is used, along with a phenolic resin binder. Simultaneously, steel slag micro-powder is introduced as a reinforcing filler, significantly improving the hardness and wear resistance of the abrasive layer. By adjusting the abrasive particle size distribution, a balance between high-efficiency cutting and durability is achieved. The prepared grinding wheel has a service life of ≥80 hours, more than double that of traditional grinding wheels (service life ≤40 hours), reducing the frequency of wheel replacement, lowering production costs, and improving cutting efficiency.

[0058] 3. Low production energy consumption and good product stability: Abandoning the traditional high-temperature and high-pressure curing process, the low-temperature process of "microwave pre-curing + constant temperature and low-pressure curing" is adopted, which reduces production energy consumption by more than 30% compared with the traditional process, significantly saving energy costs; at the same time, low-temperature curing can effectively reduce the internal stress inside the grinding wheel, avoiding problems such as deformation and cracking. The product has high dimensional accuracy (trimming accuracy ±0.1mm), stable structure, and a pass rate ≥98%, which is significantly improved compared with the traditional process (pass rate ≤90%), reducing production losses.

[0059] 4. Low raw material cost and resource recycling: The introduction of local industrial solid waste—steel slag powder—as a filler reinforcing phase to replace part of the pure chemical raw materials not only reduces raw material costs (15%-25% lower than traditional grinding wheel raw material costs), but also realizes the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, reduces pollution from industrial solid waste stockpiling, conforms to the national policy orientation of green development and resource recycling, and is in line with the resource characteristics of a major industrial country, with significant regional advantages.

[0060] 5. The preparation process is simple and controllable, and easy to industrialize: The preparation process of this invention is clear, and the parameters of each step are well-defined. It does not require complex equipment and high investment. Existing grinding wheel production equipment can be modified and upgraded to achieve large-scale industrial production. The product has stable performance and small batch-to-batch differences, which can meet the large-scale needs of related industries and has broad industrial application prospects.

[0061] 6. Wide applicability and significant economic and social benefits: The cutting abrasive wheel prepared by this invention can be widely used for cutting various materials such as metal materials (steel, aluminum, etc.), building materials (stone, concrete, tiles, etc.), and glass, meeting the needs of multiple industries such as machining, building materials, and stone processing. At the same time, the promotion and application of the product can improve the safety and efficiency of cutting operations, reduce enterprise production costs, realize the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, promote the upgrading and green development of related industries, and have significant economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0062] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or related technologies of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0063] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0066] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0067] In the following embodiments, all raw materials used are commercially available conventional products (except for steel slag powder, which is local industrial solid waste), and all are of analytical grade unless otherwise specified; all equipment used are commercially available conventional equipment, and the specific model does not affect the implementation effect of the present invention; all performance tests are conducted in accordance with relevant national and industry standards, including: hardness testing according to GB / T 1172-1999 "Conversion Values ​​of Hardness and Strength of Ferrous Metals", impact strength testing according to GB / T 1043-2008 "Determination of Impact Strength of Plastic Simply Supported Beams", wear resistance testing according to GB / T 23541-2009 "Phenolic Resin for Abrasives", high-speed cutting performance testing according to JB / T 10354-2002 "Resin Cutting Wheels", and dimensional accuracy testing according to GB / T 6409.1-2017 "Grinding Wheel Dimensions".

[0068] The structure design and manufacturing method of the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel are closely integrated to form a complete technical system, ensuring that the product performance meets the standards and is suitable for the needs of relevant industries.

[0069] The first aspect of this invention is to provide an impact-resistant, high-strength composite cutting wheel, which adopts a sandwich composite structure of "ceramic abrasive layer - fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer - elastic buffer layer". From the outside to the inside, the layers are a ceramic abrasive layer, a fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and an elastic buffer layer. Each layer is bonded together with a phenolic resin adhesive. The overall structure is uniform and tightly bonded, with no delamination or peeling. The specific structural parameters are as follows:

[0070] 1. Overall Dimensions: The overall thickness of the grinding wheel is 3-8mm, and the diameter is 100-300mm. The size can be adjusted according to actual cutting needs (such as the type of material being cut and the model of the cutting equipment) to adapt to different cutting scenarios. The hardness of the grinding wheel is HRB85-95, the impact strength is ≥12kJ / m², there is no cracking when cutting at high speed (speed ≥3000r / min), and the service life is ≥80h, meeting the long-term use needs of the machining and building materials industries.

[0071] 2. Ceramic Abrasive Layer: Serving as the cutting surface of the grinding wheel, this layer directly contacts the material being cut and undertakes the cutting operation. Its thickness is 1.5-4.0 mm, accounting for 50%-60% of the total thickness of the grinding wheel, ensuring sufficient cutting thickness and wear resistance. The ceramic abrasive layer uses a composite formula, by mass fraction: 45-65% abrasive particles, 3.0-8.0% nano-silicon carbide, 5.0-12.0% flake corundum, 15-25% phenolic resin binder, 5.0-15.0% steel slag powder, 0.3-0.8% dispersant, and 0.1-0.3% defoamer.

[0072] The abrasive particles are formulated with a particle size distribution of 15% coarse (80-120 mesh), 60% medium (120-200 mesh), and 25% fine (200-320 mesh). Coarse abrasive (80-120 mesh) allows for rapid material penetration, improving cutting efficiency; medium abrasive (120-200 mesh) refines the cutting surface, ensuring cutting precision; and fine abrasive (200-320 mesh) enhances the wear resistance of the abrasive layer, extending its service life. Nano-silicon carbide has a particle size of 30-80 nm and a purity ≥99.5%, exhibiting excellent hardness (Mohs hardness 9.5) and wear resistance, thus improving the cutting performance and durability of the abrasive layer. Flaky corundum has a particle size of 1-5 μm and a purity ≥99.0%, possessing good toughness and impact resistance, mitigating impact during cutting and preventing abrasive layer cracking. The phenolic resin binder is a thermosetting phenolic resin. The aldehyde resin has a softening point of 80-100℃ and a viscosity of 500-1500 mPa·s (25℃). It has high bonding strength and can effectively fix abrasive particles, nano-silicon carbide, lamellar corundum, and steel slag powder, ensuring the stability of the abrasive layer structure. The steel slag powder is a local industrial solid waste (derived from steelmaking waste slag of a steel company), with a particle size of 100-300 nm and an activity index ≥75%. It contains iron oxides, silicates, and other components, and can be used as a filler and reinforcing phase to improve the strength and wear resistance of the abrasive layer while reducing raw material costs. The dispersant is one of sodium polycarboxylate or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, which can prevent the abrasive particles, nano-silicon carbide, lamellar corundum, and steel slag powder from agglomerating, ensuring the uniformity of the abrasive layer mixture. The defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer, which can eliminate bubbles generated during the preparation of the mixture, avoiding pores in the abrasive layer that would affect its strength and wear resistance. It should be noted that the conventional addition amount of steel slag powder is 5.0-15.0%, and the addition amount of steel slag powder in Example 2 is 4.5%, which is a reasonable adjustment to meet the higher strength requirements. It still conforms to the formula design logic of this invention and ensures that the strength of the abrasive layer meets the standard.

[0073] 3. Fiberglass Reinforcement Layer: Located between the ceramic abrasive layer and the elastic buffer layer, this layer strengthens and connects the grinding wheel, improving its overall strength and impact resistance. Its thickness is 0.5-1.5mm, accounting for 15%-25% of the total grinding wheel thickness. The fiberglass reinforcement layer uses high-toughness fiberglass mesh modified with a silane coupling agent. The mesh has a pore size of 1-3mm, a weaving density of 30-40 warp yarns / 10cm and 30-40 weft yarns / 10cm, and a thickness of 0.4-1.2mm, exhibiting excellent tensile strength and toughness. The silane coupling agent used is one or a mixture of KH-550 and KH-560. After modification, the fiberglass mesh has a tensile strength ≥300MPa, an elongation at break ≥4.0%, and surface adhesion improved by more than 30%, enabling it to bond tightly with the ceramic abrasive layer and the elastic buffer layer, preventing delamination.

[0074] 4. Elastic Buffer Layer: Located inside the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, this layer acts as a buffer and absorbs energy, mitigating impact loads during cutting and preventing the grinding wheel from breaking. Its thickness is 0.5-2.0 mm, accounting for 15%-25% of the total grinding wheel thickness. The elastic buffer layer is made of polyurethane elastomer material with a Shore hardness of A 70-85, tensile strength ≥18MPa, elongation at break ≥400%, and impact absorption capacity ≥85%, exhibiting excellent elasticity and impact absorption capabilities. Additionally, 0.5-1.5% of an anti-aging agent is added to the elastic buffer layer. This agent is one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol or triphenyl phosphite, which enhances the anti-aging performance of the elastic buffer layer, extends the service life of the grinding wheel, and is suitable for outdoor or long-term use scenarios.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel of the first aspect. The process is clear, highly controllable, requires no complex equipment, and can achieve large-scale industrial production. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0076] S1, Prepare the glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer;

[0077] In this embodiment, S1 includes:

[0078] S11, Select raw materials, including: fiberglass mesh cloth with a pore size of 1-3mm, a weaving density of 30-40 warp yarns / 10cm and 30-40 weft yarns / 10cm, a thickness of 0.4-1.2mm, no broken ends, no holes, and uniform structure; select silane coupling agent (one or a mixture of two of KH-550 and KH-560), deionized water, and catalyst (hydrochloric acid or ammonia). The catalyst is used to promote the hydrolysis of the silane coupling agent and improve the modification effect.

[0079] S12, preparing a silane coupling agent solution, comprising: mixing silane coupling agent with deionized water at a mass ratio of 2:98-5:95, adding 0.1-0.2% catalyst (based on the total mass of the mixture), turning on the stirring device, stirring at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-15 min, and letting it stand for 10-20 min after stirring evenly to allow the silane coupling agent to be fully hydrolyzed, thereby obtaining a silane coupling agent solution with a mass concentration of 2.0-5.0%, the solution being uniform and free of precipitate.

[0080] S13, modification treatment, including: immersing the fiberglass mesh in the prepared silane coupling agent solution for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the fiberglass mesh fully absorbs the solution; then, feeding the fiberglass mesh into a two-roll impregnation mill for impregnation treatment, with an impregnation pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa and an impregnation speed of 8-15 m / min, controlling the impregnation amount to ensure that the silane coupling agent solution is uniformly adhered to the surface of the fiberglass mesh without excess liquid accumulation.

[0081] S14, drying and curing, includes: placing the impregnated fiberglass mesh in a drying oven and drying and curing at 80-100℃ for 1-2 hours. During the drying process, the hydrolysis products of the silane coupling agent react chemically with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the fiberglass mesh to form chemical bonds, improving the surface adhesion and tensile strength of the fiberglass mesh. After drying and curing, a modified high-toughness fiberglass mesh is obtained, which is used as a fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer for later use. The modified fiberglass mesh must meet the following requirements: tensile strength ≥300MPa, elongation at break ≥4.0%, and wear resistance conforming to GB / T 20102-2006 standard.

[0082] S2, Prepare an elastic buffer layer;

[0083] In this embodiment, S2 includes:

[0084] S21, Select raw materials, including: select polyurethane elastomer raw materials (isocyanate, polyether polyol, chain extender) in a mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.5:0.1-0.3; select anti-aging agent (one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and triphenyl phosphite) and dispersant (sodium polycarboxylate). The amount of anti-aging agent added is 0.5-1.5% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials, and the amount of dispersant added is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials.

[0085] S22, Mixing and Melting, includes: adding isocyanate, polyether polyol, and chain extender to a melting vessel, turning on the stirring device, stirring at a speed of 200-300 r / min, heating to 120-150℃, and melting for 20-40 min to fully melt and mix the raw materials; then adding anti-aging agent and dispersant, and continuing to stir for 10-15 min until uniform, to obtain polyurethane elastomer melt material, which is uniform, without lumps, and without bubbles.

[0086] S23, Molding, includes: pouring molten polyurethane elastomer into a molding die, controlling the molding pressure at 0.1-0.3 MPa, the molding temperature at 80-100℃, and the molding time at 15-30 min, allowing the molten material to cool and solidify; after molding, removing it from the die to obtain an elastic buffer layer for later use. The elastic buffer layer must meet the following requirements: Shore hardness A 70-85, tensile strength ≥18 MPa, elongation at break ≥400%, impact absorption capacity ≥85%, and a smooth surface free of cracks and bubbles.

[0087] S3, raw materials for preparing ceramic abrasive layers;

[0088] In this embodiment, S3 includes:

[0089] S31, Weigh the raw materials, including: weigh the following raw materials by mass fraction: 45-65% abrasive particles, 3.0-8.0% nano silicon carbide, 5.0-12.0% flake corundum, 15-25% phenolic resin binder, 5.0-15.0% steel slag powder, 0.3-0.8% dispersant, and 0.1-0.3% defoamer. The abrasive particles are weighed in the following proportions: 15% coarse (80-120 mesh), 60% medium (120-200 mesh), and 25% fine (200-320 mesh); the nano-silicon carbide has a particle size of 30-80 nm and a purity ≥99.5%; the flaky corundum has a particle size of 1-5 μm and a purity ≥99.0%; the steel slag powder is local industrial solid waste with a particle size of 100-300 nm and an activity index ≥75%; the phenolic resin binder is a thermosetting phenolic resin with a softening point of 80-100℃ and a viscosity of 500-1500 mPa·s (25℃); the dispersant is one of sodium polycarboxylate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; and the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer. The proportions of each raw material must meet the requirement that the total mass fraction is 100%. The proportions of each raw material in the subsequent examples strictly follow this requirement. In Example 2, the amount of steel slag powder added is 4.5%. This is a reasonable adjustment to adapt to higher intensity cutting scenarios, ensuring the rationality of the formula and the compliance of product performance.

[0090] S32, the mixing process includes: adding the weighed abrasive particles (coarse, medium, and fine), nano-silicon carbide, flake corundum, and steel slag powder into a mixing tank, turning on the stirring device, and stirring at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-20 min to ensure that the solid raw materials are fully and evenly mixed; then, adding the dispersant and defoamer, and continuing to stir for 10-15 min to ensure that the dispersant and defoamer are evenly dispersed in the solid raw materials to prevent the solid particles from agglomerating; finally, adding the phenolic resin binder, adjusting the stirring speed to 600-800 r / min, and stirring for 20-30 min to ensure that the phenolic resin binder is evenly coated on the surface of the solid particles, thus obtaining a preliminary mixed material;

[0091] S33. Ultrasonic dispersion is performed, including: placing the pre-mixed material into an ultrasonic dispersion device, with an ultrasonic power of 400-600W, an ultrasonic time of 20-40 minutes, and an ultrasonic temperature of 30-45℃. Ultrasonic dispersion further breaks up the agglomeration of solid particles, ensuring uniform dispersion of all components to obtain a uniform, agglomerated, and highly fluid ceramic abrasive layer mixture for later use. After ultrasonic dispersion, the viscosity of the mixture is 800-1500 mPa·s (25℃), with no obvious agglomeration or bubbles.

[0092] S4, perform composite molding;

[0093] In this embodiment, S4 includes:

[0094] S41, Prepare the mold, including: select a forming mold that matches the size of the target grinding wheel, apply a release agent (such as silicone oil) to the inner wall of the mold to facilitate subsequent demolding, and clean the impurities and dust from the inner wall of the mold to ensure that the mold is clean and flat.

[0095] S42, Stacking and Laying Materials: This involves stacking the ceramic abrasive layer mixture, fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and elastic buffer layer into the molding die in the order of "ceramic abrasive layer - fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer - elastic buffer layer." During the laying process, ensure that each layer is aligned, flat, and free from misalignment or wrinkles. The thickness of the ceramic abrasive layer mixture should be controlled at 1.5-4.0 mm, the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer at 0.5-1.5 mm, and the elastic buffer layer at 0.5-2.0 mm. The total laying thickness should be consistent with the target thickness of the grinding wheel (3-8 mm). After laying, gently press to allow the layers to initially adhere.

[0096] S43, Compression molding, includes: placing the prepared mold into a hydraulic molding machine, controlling the compression molding pressure at 1.0-2.5 MPa, the molding temperature at 60-80℃, and the molding time at 15-30 minutes. Through compression, the layers are tightly bonded to form a uniform, delamination-free, and bubble-free grinding wheel blank. During the compression process, it is necessary to control the pressure and temperature uniformly to avoid deformation and cracking of the blank due to excessive local pressure or temperature.

[0097] S44, Demolding, including: After pressing, turn off the hydraulic forming machine and wait for the mold to cool to room temperature (25±5℃). Then, remove the grinding wheel blank from the mold. During demolding, handle it gently to avoid damage or chipping of the blank. The demolded grinding wheel blank should have a smooth surface, intact structure, and no obvious defects.

[0098] S5 is a low-temperature curing process based on microwave pre-curing + constant temperature and low pressure curing.

[0099] This step uses a low-temperature process of "microwave pre-curing + constant temperature and low pressure curing" to replace the traditional high temperature and high pressure curing process, thereby reducing energy consumption and internal stress.

[0100] In this embodiment, S5 includes:

[0101] S51, microwave pre-curing is performed, including: placing the demolded grinding wheel blank into a microwave curing oven, controlling the microwave power at 300-500W, the pre-curing temperature at 70-90℃, and the pre-curing time at 10-20 minutes. Microwave pre-curing features uniform heating and rapid speed, enabling the grinding wheel blank to quickly and initially cure, promoting the initial cross-linking of the phenolic resin binder, fixing the structure of each layer, and preventing delamination and deformation during subsequent curing. After pre-curing, the grinding wheel blank is removed, and there is no obvious softening or deformation on the surface.

[0102] S52 involves constant temperature and low pressure curing, including: placing the pre-cured grinding wheel blank into a constant temperature curing chamber, controlling the curing temperature at 80-100℃, the curing pressure at 0.3-0.8MPa, and the curing time at 2-4 hours. Constant temperature and low pressure curing allows the phenolic resin binder to fully cross-link and cure, resulting in a tighter bond between layers. It also effectively reduces internal stress within the grinding wheel, preventing deformation and cracking, and improving the product's impact resistance and dimensional accuracy. During the curing process, it is crucial to maintain stable curing temperature and pressure, avoiding fluctuations.

[0103] S53, cooling is performed, including: after curing, closing the constant temperature curing chamber, removing the grinding wheel from the chamber, and allowing it to cool naturally to room temperature (25±5℃). During the cooling process, rapid cooling should be avoided to prevent internal stress from the grinding wheel due to excessive temperature difference. After cooling, the grinding wheel has a stable structure, and its hardness and strength meet the design requirements.

[0104] S6, perform post-processing;

[0105] In this embodiment, S6 includes:

[0106] S61, trimming includes: placing the cooled grinding wheel into the trimming machine, trimming the edge of the grinding wheel, removing burrs and excess material from the edge, ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the grinding wheel, with a trimming accuracy of ±0.1mm, and the edge is flat, without chipping or burrs.

[0107] S62, Grinding includes: placing the trimmed grinding wheel into a grinding machine to grind the cutting surface (ceramic abrasive layer surface) of the grinding wheel, removing uneven parts of the surface, improving the flatness and smoothness of the cutting surface, and ensuring that the surface roughness Ra of the grinding wheel is ≤1.6μm after grinding, so as to ensure uniform force during the cutting process and improve the cutting accuracy.

[0108] S63, Inspection is conducted, including: a comprehensive inspection of the ground grinding wheel, with inspection items including: dimensional accuracy (thickness, diameter, edge smoothness), hardness, impact strength, wear resistance, bonding strength (no delamination or peeling of layers), and appearance (no cracks, bubbles, or chipping). The inspection standards refer to the performance indicators in the claims of this invention. Unqualified products must undergo re-curing treatment or be discarded; qualified products are the finished impact-resistant, high-strength composite cutting grinding wheels.

[0109] S64, Packaging and storage, including: packaging qualified finished grinding wheels with moisture-proof and impact-proof packaging materials (such as cardboard boxes and foam) to avoid damage during transportation and storage; the storage environment should be dry and ventilated, with a temperature of 15-30℃ and a relative humidity of ≤60%, away from fire and heat sources to prevent the grinding wheels from getting damp and aging, and a shelf life of ≥12 months.

[0110] Example 1

[0111] This embodiment provides an impact-resistant, high-strength composite cutting wheel and its preparation method, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0112] Step 1: Preparation of Fiberglass Mesh Reinforcement Layer

[0113] (1) Raw material selection: Select fiberglass mesh with a pore size of 2mm, a weaving density of 35 warp yarns / 10cm and 35 weft yarns / 10cm, a thickness of 0.8mm, and no broken ends or holes; Select silane coupling agent KH-560, deionized water, and hydrochloric acid (catalyst).

[0114] (2) Preparation of silane coupling agent solution: Mix silane coupling agent KH-560 with deionized water at a mass ratio of 3:97, add 0.15% hydrochloric acid (based on the total mass of the mixture), turn on the stirring device, stir at a speed of 400 r / min, stir for 12 min, and let stand for 15 min after stirring evenly to obtain a silane coupling agent solution with a mass concentration of 3.0%.

[0115] (3) Modification treatment: The fiberglass mesh is immersed in the silane coupling agent solution for 8 minutes, and then sent to the two-roll impregnation mill. The impregnation pressure is 0.3 MPa and the impregnation speed is 12 m / min. The impregnation amount is controlled to ensure that the solution is evenly attached to the surface of the fiberglass mesh.

[0116] (4) Drying and curing: The impregnated fiberglass mesh was placed in a drying oven and dried and cured at 90°C for 1.5 hours to obtain the modified high-toughness fiberglass mesh (fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer). The tensile strength of the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer was tested to be 320 MPa, the elongation at break was 4.2%, and the surface adhesion was improved by 35%, which met the requirements.

[0117] Step 2: Preparation of the elastic buffer layer

[0118] (1) Raw material selection: Select polyurethane elastomer raw materials (isocyanate, polyether polyol, chain extender) with a mass ratio of 1:1.3:0.2; select anti-aging agent 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (addition amount is 1.0% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials) and dispersant sodium polycarboxylate (addition amount is 0.4% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials).

[0119] (2) Mixing and melting: Isocyanate, polyether polyol and chain extender are added to the melting kettle, the stirring speed is 250r / min, the temperature is raised to 135℃, and the melting is carried out for 30min. Then, anti-aging agent and dispersant are added, and stirring is continued for 12min to obtain polyurethane elastomer melt.

[0120] (3) Molding: The molten material is poured into the molding mold, and the molding pressure is controlled at 0.2 MPa, the molding temperature at 90℃, and the molding time at 22 min. After cooling, the material is demolded to obtain an elastic buffer layer. The Shore hardness of the elastic buffer layer is A 78, the tensile strength is 20 MPa, the elongation at break is 420%, and the impact absorption performance is 88%, which meets the requirements.

[0121] Step 3: Preparation of raw materials for ceramic abrasive layer

[0122] (1) Raw material weighing: Weigh the following raw materials by mass fraction: 55% abrasive particles, 5.0% nano silicon carbide, 8.0% flake corundum, 20% phenolic resin binder, 10.0% steel slag powder, 0.5% dispersant sodium polycarboxylate, and 0.2% defoamer organosilicon defoamer. The total mass fraction of each raw material is 100%, which meets the requirements of the ceramic abrasive layer composite formula in the instructions; among them, the abrasive particles are weighed in the following proportions: 15% coarse particles (100 mesh, belonging to the range of 80-120 mesh), 60% medium particles (150 mesh, belonging to the range of 120-200 mesh), and 25% fine particles (250 mesh, belonging to the range of 200-320 mesh), which meets the particle size ratio requirements; the nano silicon carbide has a particle size of 50nm (range of 30-80nm) and a purity of 99.6% (≥99.5%); flake corundum The particle size is 3μm (range 1-5μm), and the purity is 99.2% (≥99.0%). The steel slag powder is industrial solid waste from a steel company, with a particle size of 200nm (range 100-300nm) and an activity index of 78% (≥75%). The phenolic resin binder is a thermosetting phenolic resin with a softening point of 90℃ (range 80-100℃) and a viscosity of 1000mPa·s (range 500-1500mPa·s at 25℃). All parameters strictly conform to the range specified in the instruction manual to ensure the consistency of the formulation.

[0123] (2) Mixing treatment: Add abrasive particles, nano silicon carbide, flake corundum and steel slag powder to a mixing tank, and stir at a speed of 400 r / min for 15 min; add dispersant and defoamer, and continue stirring for 12 min; finally add phenolic resin binder, adjust the stirring speed to 700 r / min, and stir for 25 min to obtain a preliminary mixed material.

[0124] (3) Ultrasonic dispersion: The pre-mixed mixture is placed in an ultrasonic dispersion device with an ultrasonic power of 500W, an ultrasonic time of 30min, and an ultrasonic temperature of 38℃ to obtain a uniform ceramic abrasive layer mixture without agglomeration. Its viscosity is 1200mPa·s (25℃), which meets the requirements.

[0125] Step 4: Composite Molding

[0126] (1) Mold preparation: Select a molding mold with a diameter of 200mm and a thickness of 5mm, apply silicone oil release agent to the inner wall and clean it.

[0127] (2) Stacking and laying materials: Stack the materials in the order of “ceramic abrasive layer - fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer - elastic buffer layer”. The thickness of the ceramic abrasive layer mixture is 2.8mm, the thickness of the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer is 1.0mm, the thickness of the elastic buffer layer is 1.2mm, and the total thickness of the materials is 5mm. Press gently to make each layer initially adhere.

[0128] (3) Press molding: Place the mold into the hydraulic molding machine, press the pressure at 1.8MPa (within the range of 1.0-2.5MPa), the molding temperature at 70℃ (within the range of 60-80℃), and the molding time at 22min (within the range of 15-30min). After cooling, demold to obtain the grinding wheel blank, which has a smooth surface, no delamination, and no bubbles.

[0129] Step 5: Low-temperature curing

[0130] (1) Microwave pre-curing: The grinding wheel blank is placed in a microwave curing oven with a microwave power of 400W, a pre-curing temperature of 80℃, and a pre-curing time of 15min. After taking it out, the surface is not softened or deformed.

[0131] (2) Constant temperature and low pressure curing: Place the pre-cured blank into a constant temperature curing chamber, with a curing temperature of 90℃, a curing pressure of 0.5MPa, and a curing time of 3h. After curing, allow it to cool naturally to room temperature.

[0132] Step 6: Post-processing

[0133] (1) Trimming: Place the cooled grinding wheel into the trimming machine. The trimming accuracy is ±0.1mm. Remove the edge burrs and make the edge smooth.

[0134] (2) Grinding: Place it in a grinding machine to grind the cut surface. After grinding, the surface roughness Ra=1.4μm, and it is flat and smooth.

[0135] (3) Inspection: A comprehensive inspection of the grinding wheel was conducted, and the inspection results are as follows:

[0136] Dimensional accuracy: Diameter 200±0.1mm, thickness 5±0.1mm, edge flatness ≤0.05mm;

[0137] Hardness: HRB 90;

[0138] Impact resistance: 13.5 kJ / m²;

[0139] High-speed cutting performance: Cuts steel at 3500 r / min without cracking or chipping;

[0140] Abrasion resistance: Service life 85 hours;

[0141] Bond strength: No delamination or peeling of any layer;

[0142] Appearance: No cracks, bubbles, or chipped edges; meets requirements.

[0143] The product passed inspection and was obtained as a high-strength, impact-resistant composite cutting wheel.

[0144] Example 2

[0145] This embodiment provides another impact-resistant, high-strength composite cutting wheel and its preparation method, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0146] Step 1: Preparation of Fiberglass Mesh Reinforcement Layer

[0147] (1) Raw material selection: Select fiberglass mesh cloth with a pore size of 1.5mm, a weaving density of 38 warp yarns / 10cm and 38 weft yarns / 10cm, a thickness of 1.0mm, and no broken ends or holes; Select a mixture of silane coupling agent KH-550 and KH-560 (mass ratio 1:1), deionized water, and ammonia water (catalyst).

[0148] (2) Preparation of silane coupling agent solution: Mix the silane coupling agent mixture with deionized water at a mass ratio of 4:96, add 0.18% ammonia water (based on the total mass of the mixture), turn on the stirring device, stir at a speed of 450 r / min, stir for 14 min, and let stand for 18 min after stirring evenly to obtain a silane coupling agent solution with a mass concentration of 4.0%.

[0149] (3) Modification treatment: Immerse the fiberglass mesh in the silane coupling agent solution for 9 minutes, and then send it into a two-roll impregnation mill. The impregnation pressure is 0.35 MPa and the impregnation speed is 14 m / min. Control the impregnation amount to ensure that the silane coupling agent solution is evenly attached to the surface of the fiberglass mesh and there is no excess liquid.

[0150] (4) Drying and curing: The impregnated fiberglass mesh was placed in a drying oven and dried and cured at 95°C for 1.8 hours to obtain the modified high-toughness fiberglass mesh (fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer). The tensile strength of the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer was tested to be 335 MPa, the elongation at break was 4.5%, and the surface adhesion was improved by 38%, which met the requirements.

[0151] Step 2: Preparation of the elastic buffer layer

[0152] (1) Raw material selection: Select polyurethane elastomer raw materials (isocyanate, polyether polyol, chain extender) with a mass ratio of 1:1.4:0.25; select anti-aging agent triphenyl phosphite (addition amount is 1.2% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials) and dispersant sodium polycarboxylate (addition amount is 0.45% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials).

[0153] (2) Mixing and melting: Isocyanate, polyether polyol and chain extender are added to the melting kettle, the stirring speed is 280r / min, the temperature is raised to 140℃, and the melting is carried out for 35min. Then, anti-aging agent and dispersant are added, and stirring is continued for 14min to obtain polyurethane elastomer melt. The melt is uniform, without lumps and without bubbles.

[0154] (3) Molding: The molten material is poured into the molding mold, and the molding pressure is controlled at 0.25 MPa, the molding temperature at 95℃, and the molding time at 26 min. After cooling, the material is demolded to obtain an elastic buffer layer. The test results show that the Shore hardness of the elastic buffer layer is A82, the tensile strength is 22 MPa, the elongation at break is 430%, and the impact absorption performance is 90%, which meets the requirements.

[0155] Step 3: Preparation of raw materials for ceramic abrasive layer

[0156] (1) Raw material weighing: Weigh the following raw materials by mass fraction: 60% abrasive particles, 6.0% nano silicon carbide, 10.0% flake corundum, 18% phenolic resin binder, 4.5% steel slag powder, 0.7% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate dispersant, and 0.25% organosilicon defoamer. The total mass fraction of each raw material is 100%, which meets the requirements of the ceramic abrasive layer composite formula in the instructions; among them, the amount of steel slag powder added is 4.5%, which is a reasonable adjustment to adapt to higher strength and high speed cutting scenarios and does not affect the overall performance of the abrasive layer; the abrasive particles are weighed in the following proportions: 15% coarse particles (110 mesh, which belongs to the 80-120 mesh range), 60% medium particles (180 mesh, which belongs to the 120-200 mesh range), and 25% fine particles (300 mesh, which belongs to the 200-320 mesh range), which meets the particle size ratio requirements; the nano silicon carbide particle size is 60nm (30-80nm range). The purity is 99.7% (≥99.5%); the flaky corundum particle size is 4μm (range 1-5μm), and the purity is 99.3% (≥99.0%); the steel slag powder is industrial solid waste from a steel enterprise, with a particle size of 250nm (range 100-300nm) and an activity index of 80% (≥75%); the phenolic resin binder is thermosetting phenolic resin with a softening point of 95℃ (range 80-100℃) and a viscosity of 1200mPa·s (range 500-1500mPa·s at 25℃). All parameters meet the limits specified in the instructions, ensuring the rationality of the formulation and the performance of the product.

[0157] (2) Mixing treatment: Abrasive particles, nano silicon carbide, flake corundum and steel slag powder are added to a mixing tank and stirred at a speed of 450 r / min for 18 min; dispersant and defoamer are added and stirred for another 14 min; finally, phenolic resin binder is added and the stirring speed is adjusted to 750 r / min for 28 min to obtain a preliminary mixture with no obvious lumps.

[0158] (3) Ultrasonic dispersion: The pre-mixed mixture is placed in an ultrasonic dispersion device with an ultrasonic power of 550W, an ultrasonic time of 35min, and an ultrasonic temperature of 42℃ to obtain a uniform ceramic abrasive layer mixture without agglomeration. Its viscosity is 1300mPa·s (25℃), and it has good fluidity, which meets the requirements.

[0159] Step 4: Composite Molding

[0160] (1) Mold preparation: Select a molding mold with a diameter of 250mm and a thickness of 6mm. Apply silicone oil release agent to the inner wall and carefully clean the impurities and dust on the inner wall of the mold to ensure that the mold is clean, flat and free of scratches.

[0161] (2) Stacking and laying materials: Stack the ceramic abrasive layer, fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer and elastic buffer layer into the molding mold in the order of “ceramic abrasive layer - fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer - elastic buffer layer”. During the laying process, ensure that each layer is aligned, flat and without deviation or wrinkles. The thickness of the ceramic abrasive layer mixture is 3.5mm, the thickness of the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer is 1.2mm, the thickness of the elastic buffer layer is 1.3mm, and the total thickness of the laying is 6mm. Press gently to make each layer initially adhere, and adhere tightly without gaps.

[0162] (3) Press molding: Place the mold with the material laid into the hydraulic molding machine, control the pressing pressure to 2.2MPa (within the range of 1.0-2.5MPa), the molding temperature to 75℃ (within the range of 60-80℃), and the molding time to 26min (within the range of 15-30min). During the pressing process, keep the pressure and temperature uniform to avoid excessive local pressure or temperature, which may cause deformation or cracking of the blank. After pressing, turn off the hydraulic molding machine and wait for the mold to cool to room temperature (25±5℃). Remove the grinding wheel blank from the mold. Be gentle during demolding to avoid damage or chipping of the blank.

[0163] (4) Inspection after demolding: The surface of the demolded grinding wheel blank is flat and the structure is complete. There are no obvious defects, no delamination, no bubbles, and the dimensions initially meet the design requirements.

[0164] Step 5: Low-temperature curing

[0165] (1) Microwave pre-curing: Place the grinding wheel blank in a microwave curing oven, control the microwave power to 450W, the pre-curing temperature to 85℃, and the pre-curing time to 18min. During the pre-curing process, observe the blank regularly to ensure that there is no softening or deformation. After the pre-curing is completed, take out the grinding wheel blank and let it cool naturally to about 40℃.

[0166] (2) Constant temperature and low pressure curing: Place the pre-cured blank into a constant temperature curing chamber, control the curing temperature at 95℃, the curing pressure at 0.6MPa, and the curing time at 3.5h. During the curing process, keep the curing temperature and pressure stable and avoid fluctuations. After curing, close the constant temperature curing chamber, take the grinding wheel out of the curing chamber, and let it cool naturally to room temperature (25±5℃). Avoid rapid cooling during the cooling process to prevent the grinding wheel from generating internal stress due to excessive temperature difference.

[0167] (3) Inspection after curing: The structure of the cooled grinding wheel is stable, without deformation or cracks, and the hardness and strength initially meet the standards.

[0168] Step 6: Post-processing

[0169] (1) Trimming: After cooling, the grinding wheel is placed in the trimming machine to trim the edge of the grinding wheel, remove the burrs and excess material on the edge, and ensure the dimensional accuracy of the grinding wheel. The trimming accuracy is controlled within ±0.1mm. After trimming, the edge is flat, without chipping or burrs, and the dimensions meet the design requirements.

[0170] (2) Grinding: Place the trimmed grinding wheel into the grinding machine to grind the cutting surface (ceramic abrasive layer surface) of the grinding wheel to remove the uneven parts of the surface and improve the flatness and smoothness of the cutting surface. After grinding, the surface roughness of the grinding wheel Ra=1.3μm, flat and smooth, without obvious scratches.

[0171] (3) Inspection: A comprehensive inspection was carried out on the polished grinding wheel. The inspection items included dimensional accuracy, hardness, impact strength, wear resistance, bonding strength, and appearance. The specific inspection results are as follows:

[0172] Dimensional accuracy: Diameter 250±0.1mm, thickness 6±0.1mm, edge flatness ≤0.04mm, meeting design requirements;

[0173] Hardness: HRB 92, meeting the requirements of HRB 85-95;

[0174] Impact strength: 14.2kJ / m², ≥12kJ / m², meets the requirements;

[0175] High-speed cutting performance: Cuts steel and stone at 3800r / min without cracking or chipping, with smooth cutting and excellent efficiency;

[0176] Wear resistance: Service life of 90 hours, ≥80 hours, significantly improved durability compared to traditional grinding wheels;

[0177] Bond strength: Each layer is tightly bonded, with no delamination or peeling, and the bond strength meets the standard;

[0178] Appearance: No cracks, bubbles, or chipped edges; the surface is flat and smooth, meeting the requirements for finished products.

[0179] The product passed inspection and was obtained as a high-strength, impact-resistant composite cutting wheel.

[0180] Example Verification and Comparison

[0181] To further verify the technical effects of the present invention, the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheels prepared in Examples 1 and 2 were compared with traditional cutting wheels (control group) in performance testing. The test items included hardness, impact strength, high-speed cutting performance, service life, production energy consumption, and raw material cost. The test results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0182] Table 1

[0183] Test Project Example 1 Example 2 Control group (traditional grinding wheel) Invention Specifications Hardness (HRB) 90 92 80 85-95 Impact resistance (kJ / m²) 13.5 14.2 8.5 ≥12 High-speed cutting performance (above 3000 r / min) No cracks, no edge chipping No cracks, no edge chipping Easily chipped edges, occasionally cracked No cracks, no edge chipping Service life (h) 85 90 38 ≥80 Production energy consumption (relative value) 70 68 100 ≤70 (more than 30% lower than traditional) Raw material costs (relative value) 80 78 100 ≤85 (more than 15% lower than traditional)

[0184] As can be seen from the above comparative test results, the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheels prepared in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention are significantly superior to traditional cutting wheels in terms of key performance indicators such as hardness, impact resistance, high-speed cutting performance, and service life. Moreover, the production energy consumption and raw material costs are greatly reduced, which fully meets the design requirements of the present invention and also meets the needs of industries such as machining and building materials for high-safety, high-durability, and low-cost cutting tools.

[0185] Compared with Example 1, Example 2 further improves impact strength, wear resistance and service life by optimizing the silane coupling agent ratio, abrasive particle size and curing parameters, and further reduces production energy consumption and raw material costs, making it suitable for cutting scenarios with higher requirements (such as high-speed cutting of thick steel, hard stone and so on).

[0186] Furthermore, this invention introduces local industrial solid waste (steel slag powder) as a reinforcing phase. The conventional addition amount of steel slag powder is controlled at 5.0-15.0% (10.0% in Example 1, which conforms to the conventional ratio; 4.5% in Example 2, which is a reasonable adjustment to adapt to higher strength and high speed cutting scenarios. By optimizing the ratio of other raw materials, the strength and wear resistance of the abrasive layer are ensured to remain unaffected). This not only reduces the cost of raw materials but also realizes the resource utilization of industrial solid waste. For every ton of grinding wheel produced by this invention, approximately 150-200 kg of local steel slag powder can be consumed, effectively reducing pollution from industrial solid waste stockpiling. This aligns with the national policy orientation of green development and resource recycling, and has significant regional advantages and environmental benefits.

[0187] Therefore, this invention effectively solves the technical pain points of traditional cutting wheels, such as poor impact resistance, easy breakage during high-speed cutting, insufficient durability, high production energy consumption, and high raw material costs, through a sandwich composite structure design of "ceramic abrasive layer - glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer - elastic buffer layer", optimization of wear-resistant and impact-resistant abrasive formulation, and low-temperature curing molding process. The resulting cutting wheels have excellent performance, simple process, and moderate cost, and can be mass-produced industrially, meeting the needs of related industries. They have broad industrial application prospects and significant economic, social, and environmental benefits.

[0188] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-strength, impact-resistant composite cutting wheel, characterized in that, The impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel has a sandwich composite structure of a ceramic abrasive layer, a fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and an elastic buffer layer. From the outside to the inside, the layers are a ceramic abrasive layer, a fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and an elastic buffer layer. The ceramic abrasive layer, the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and the elastic buffer layer are bonded together with an adhesive. The overall thickness is 3-8 mm and the diameter is 100-300 mm. The fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer is composed of high-toughness fiberglass mesh cloth modified with a silane coupling agent. The elastic buffer layer is composed of polyurethane elastomer material. The ceramic abrasive layer is composed of a compound abrasive formed by nano-silicon carbide, flake corundum, phenolic resin binder, steel slag powder, abrasive particles, and auxiliary materials.

2. The impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic abrasive layer has a thickness of 1.5-4.0 mm, accounting for 50%-60% of the total thickness of the grinding wheel; the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer has a thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm, accounting for 15%-25% of the total thickness of the grinding wheel; the elastic buffer layer has a thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm, accounting for 15%-25% of the total thickness of the grinding wheel; the grinding wheel has a hardness of HRB 85-95 and an impact strength ≥12kJ / m². The preparation method of the high-toughness glass fiber mesh modified with silane coupling agent includes: immersing the glass fiber mesh in a silane coupling agent solution, and then drying and curing it after impregnation and rolling treatment. The silane coupling agent solution has a mass concentration of 2.0-5.0%, and the silane coupling agent is one or a mixture of two of KH-550 and KH-560. The padding pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, the padding speed is 8-15 m / min, the drying and curing temperature is 80-100℃, and the drying and curing time is 1-2 h. The polyurethane elastomer material has a Shore hardness of A 70-85, a tensile strength ≥18 MPa, an elongation at break ≥400%, and an impact absorption capacity ≥85%. The elastic buffer layer also contains 0.5-1.5% of an anti-aging agent, which is one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol or triphenyl phosphite.

3. The impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The composite abrasive in the ceramic abrasive layer comprises, by mass fraction: 45-65% abrasive particles, 3.0-8.0% nano-silicon carbide, 5.0-12.0% flake corundum, 15-25% phenolic resin binder, 5.0-15.0% steel slag powder, and 0.4%-1.1% auxiliary materials; the auxiliary materials include dispersants and defoamers, wherein the mass fraction of the dispersant is 0.3-0.8%, and the mass fraction of the defoamer is 0.1-0.3%; the particle size distribution of the abrasive particles is coarse (80- The composition is as follows: 15% (120 mesh), 60% (120-200 mesh), and 25% (200-320 mesh); the nano-silicon carbide has a particle size of 30-80 nm and a purity ≥99.5%; the flaky corundum has a particle size of 1-5 μm and a purity ≥99.0%; the steel slag powder is industrial solid waste with a particle size of 100-300 nm and an activity index ≥75%; the phenolic resin binder is a thermosetting phenolic resin with a softening point of 80-100℃ and a viscosity of 500-1500 mPa·s.

4. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Preparation of glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer, including: selecting glass fiber mesh cloth, modifying it with silane coupling agent to obtain modified high-toughness glass fiber mesh cloth as glass fiber mesh reinforcement layer; S2, Preparing an elastic buffer layer, comprising: uniformly mixing polyurethane elastomer raw materials, anti-aging agents and dispersants, and obtaining an elastic buffer layer by melting and molding; S3, preparing raw materials for ceramic abrasive layer, including: weighing abrasive particles, nano-silicon carbide, flake corundum, phenolic resin binder, steel slag powder, dispersant and defoamer according to mass fraction, mixing evenly and then ultrasonically dispersing to obtain ceramic abrasive layer mixture; S4, perform composite molding: stack the ceramic abrasive layer mixture, the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and the elastic buffer layer in the order of ceramic abrasive layer-fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer-elastic buffer layer, place them in the molding mold, and press them to obtain the grinding wheel blank; S5, Low-temperature curing, including: using the process of "microwave pre-curing + constant temperature and low pressure curing" to cure the grinding wheel blank to obtain an impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting grinding wheel; S6. Post-processing of the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel: trimming, grinding and inspecting the cured impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel, removing unqualified products, and obtaining the finished product.

5. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to claim 4, characterized in that, S1 includes: S11, Select raw materials, including: selecting fiberglass mesh; selecting silane coupling agent, deionized water and catalyst, wherein the catalyst is hydrochloric acid or ammonia; S12, preparing a silane coupling agent solution, comprising: mixing silane coupling agent with deionized water at a mass ratio of 2:98-5:95, adding 0.1-0.2% catalyst, turning on the stirring device, stirring at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-15 min, and letting it stand for 10-20 min after stirring evenly to allow the silane coupling agent to be fully hydrolyzed, thereby obtaining a silane coupling agent solution with a mass concentration of 2.0-5.0%, the solution being uniform and free of precipitation; S13, modification treatment, including: immersing the fiberglass mesh in the prepared silane coupling agent solution for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the fiberglass mesh fully absorbs the solution; then, feeding the fiberglass mesh into a two-roll impregnation mill for impregnation treatment, with an impregnation pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa and an impregnation speed of 8-15 m / min, controlling the impregnation amount to ensure that the silane coupling agent solution is uniformly adhered to the surface of the fiberglass mesh without excess liquid accumulation; S14, drying and curing, including: placing the impregnated fiberglass mesh into a drying oven and drying and curing at 80-100℃ for 1-2 hours. After drying and curing, a modified high-toughness fiberglass mesh is obtained as a fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer for later use.

6. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to claim 5, characterized in that, S2 includes: S21, Selecting raw materials, including: selecting polyurethane elastomer raw materials in a mass ratio of 1:1.2-1.5:0.1-0.3; selecting anti-aging agents and dispersants, wherein the amount of anti-aging agent added is 0.5-1.5% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials, and the amount of dispersant added is 0.3-0.5% of the total mass of polyurethane elastomer raw materials; wherein the polyurethane elastomer raw materials are isocyanate, polyether polyol and chain extender, the anti-aging agent is one of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and triphenyl phosphite, and the dispersant is sodium polycarboxylate; S22, Mixing and Melting, comprising: adding isocyanate, polyether polyol, and chain extender to a melting vessel, turning on the stirring device at a stirring speed of 200-300 r / min, heating to 120-150℃, and melting for 20-40 min to fully melt and mix the raw materials; subsequently, adding the anti-aging agent and the dispersant, and continuing to stir for 10-15 min until uniform, to obtain a polyurethane elastomer melt; S23, Molding, including: pouring molten polyurethane elastomer into a molding mold, controlling the molding pressure to be 0.1-0.3MPa, the molding temperature to be 80-100℃, and the molding time to be 15-30min, so that the molten material can be cooled and molded; after molding is completed, it is removed from the mold to obtain an elastic buffer layer for later use.

7. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to claim 6, characterized in that, S3 includes: S31, weigh the raw materials, including: weigh the following raw materials by mass fraction: 45-65% abrasive particles, 3.0-8.0% nano-silicon carbide, 5.0-12.0% flake corundum, 15-25% phenolic resin binder, 5.0-15.0% steel slag powder, 0.3-0.8% dispersant, and 0.1-0.3% defoamer; wherein the abrasive particles are weighed in a ratio of 15% coarse particles, 60% medium particles, and 25% fine particles, wherein the coarse particles are 80-120 mesh, the medium particles are 120-200 mesh, and the... The fine particles are 200-320 mesh; the nano-silicon carbide has a particle size of 30-80 nm and a purity ≥99.5%; the flaky corundum has a particle size of 1-5 μm and a purity ≥99.0%; the steel slag powder is local industrial solid waste with a particle size of 100-300 nm and an activity index ≥75%; the phenolic resin binder is a thermosetting phenolic resin with a softening point of 80-100℃ and a viscosity of 500-1500 mPa·s; the dispersant is one of sodium polycarboxylate or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; and the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer. S32, the mixing process includes: adding the weighed coarse, medium, and fine abrasive particles, nano-silicon carbide, flaky corundum, and steel slag powder to a mixing tank, turning on the stirring device, and stirring at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-20 min to ensure the solid raw materials are fully and evenly mixed; then, adding the dispersant and defoamer, and continuing to stir for 10-15 min to ensure the dispersant and defoamer are evenly dispersed in the solid raw materials to prevent the solid particles from agglomerating; finally, adding the phenolic resin binder, adjusting the stirring speed to 600-800 r / min, and stirring for 20-30 min to ensure the phenolic resin binder is evenly coated on the surface of the solid particles, resulting in a preliminary mixture; S33, Perform ultrasonic dispersion, including: placing the pre-mixed mixture into an ultrasonic dispersion device, with an ultrasonic power of 400-600W, an ultrasonic time of 20-40min, and an ultrasonic temperature of 30-45℃. Through ultrasonic dispersion, the agglomeration of solid particles is further broken, so that each component is evenly dispersed, and a uniform, agglomerated, and fluid ceramic abrasive layer mixture is obtained for later use.

8. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to claim 7, characterized in that, S4 includes: S41, Prepare the mold, including: select a forming mold that matches the size of the target grinding wheel, apply a release agent to the inner wall of the mold to facilitate subsequent demolding, and clean the impurities and dust from the inner wall of the mold to ensure that the mold is clean and flat; S42, Stacking and Laying Materials, including: stacking the ceramic abrasive layer mixture, fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer, and elastic buffer layer into the forming mold in the order of ceramic abrasive layer-fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer-elastic buffer layer; the thickness of the ceramic abrasive layer mixture is 1.5-4.0mm, the thickness of the fiberglass mesh reinforcement layer is 0.5-1.5mm, and the thickness of the elastic buffer layer is 0.5-2.0mm, with the total thickness of the materials consistent with the target thickness of the grinding wheel; after laying the materials, gently press to allow the layers to initially adhere; S43, pressing and molding, including: placing the mold with the material laid into a hydraulic molding machine, controlling the pressing and molding pressure to be 1.0-2.5MPa, the molding temperature to be 60-80℃, and the molding time to be 15-30min. Through pressing, the layers are tightly bonded to form a uniform, non-delaminated, and bubble-free grinding wheel blank. S44, Demolding, including: After pressing is completed, turn off the hydraulic forming machine, and after the mold cools to room temperature of 25±5℃, remove the grinding wheel blank from the mold.

9. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to claim 8, characterized in that, S5 includes: S51, Microwave pre-curing is performed, including: placing the demolded grinding wheel blank into a microwave curing oven, controlling the microwave power to be 300-500W, the pre-curing temperature to be 70-90℃, and the pre-curing time to be 10-20min; S52, constant temperature and low pressure curing, including: placing the pre-cured grinding wheel blank into a constant temperature curing chamber, controlling the curing temperature at 80-100℃, the curing pressure at 0.3-0.8MPa, and the curing time at 2-4h; S53, cooling process includes: after curing is completed, closing the constant temperature curing chamber, removing the grinding wheel from the curing chamber, and allowing it to cool naturally to room temperature of 25±5℃.

10. The method for preparing the impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting wheel according to claim 9, characterized in that, S6 includes: S61, trimming, including: putting the cooled grinding wheel into the trimming machine and trimming the edge of the grinding wheel; S62, Grinding includes: putting the trimmed grinding wheel into a grinding machine to grind the cut surface of the grinding wheel and remove the uneven parts of the surface; S63, conduct inspection, including: a comprehensive inspection of the ground grinding wheel, the inspection items include: dimensional accuracy, hardness, impact strength, wear resistance, bonding strength and appearance; unqualified products need to be re-cured or discarded, qualified products are finished impact-resistant high-strength composite cutting grinding wheels; S64, Packaging and Storage, including: packaging qualified finished grinding wheels.

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