Ship ballast water treatment equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses ship ballast water treatment equipment, and belongs to the field of sewage treatment.The ship ballast water treatment equipment comprises a treatment part, the treatment part comprises a rotational flow part, a tangential liquid inlet formed in the outer wall of the rotational flow part, a sand settling opening formed in the lower end of the rotational flow part and an overflow pipe fixed to the inner wall of the rotational flow part; the upper end of the overflow pipe is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the rotational flow part; the filter cartridge is arranged at the contraction section of the overflow pipe, and when the second liquid discharge connector is closed, liquid forcibly entering the overflow pipe passes through the filter cartridge, so that small organisms which cannot be separated by cyclone are intercepted; a first spiral flow guide flange in the expansion section can force fluid to rotate at a high speed when the fluid enters the overflow pipe, so that water flow in the contraction section is tangentially swept along the surface of the filter cartridge, and silt and organisms which attempt to be attached to the filter cartridge are continuously stripped off; the effective working time of the filter cartridge is prolonged, and the differential pressure rising speed is slowed down.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment, and more specifically, to a ship ballast water treatment device. Background Technology

[0002] When a ship is sailing empty or half-loaded, it needs to inject seawater (i.e., ballast water) into its ballast tanks to maintain the ship's stability, draft, and structural integrity. Ballast water treatment equipment is used to treat ballast water during its intake and discharge processes, removing bacteria, microorganisms, small fish, shrimp, crabs, and other substances carried in the water to prevent ecological threats and species invasion.

[0003] Current standard ballast water treatment equipment typically employs a combination of primary mechanical filtration and secondary core sterilization (such as ultraviolet light, electrolysis, and chemical agents). However, in actual navigation, especially when entering or exiting nearshore or estuarine waters with high turbidity and high sediment content (such as the Yangtze River Estuary and the Yellow River Estuary), traditional hydrocyclones mainly rely on density differences to remove heavy particles (sediment). Meanwhile, the high density of microorganisms in ballast water is close to that of water, and their small particle size makes them less susceptible to centrifugal force. They easily enter the downstream treatment unit through the overflow pipe of the hydrocyclone, increasing the load on the downstream sterilization equipment and potentially leading to non-compliance with emission standards. Furthermore, most mainstream automatic backwash filters use metal filter cartridges. In high-sediment waters, a large amount of fine sediment combines with extracellular polymers secreted by organisms, easily forming a dense, sticky mud cake on the filter cartridge surface, causing frequent automatic backwashing. This not only significantly reduces ballast flow, affecting ship loading and unloading progress, but also exacerbates mechanical wear on the filter cartridge, resulting in extremely poor system stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a ship ballast water treatment device.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] A ship ballast water treatment device includes a treatment section, the treatment section including a vortex section, a tangential liquid inlet opened on the outer wall of the vortex section, a sand settling port opened at the lower end of the vortex section, and an overflow pipe fixed on the inner wall of the vortex section.

[0007] The overflow pipe is located at the center of the vortex section and its upper end is fixed to the inner wall of the vortex section. A cavity is opened on the inner wall of the overflow pipe and communicates with the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe. A filter cartridge is installed in the cavity and the filter cartridge is located at the connection between the cavity and the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe. The upper end of the vortex section is provided with a first drain port and a second drain port. The first drain port passes through the overflow pipe and is connected to the cavity. The second drain port is connected to the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe. The upper end of the vortex section is fixedly connected with a first drain interface and a second drain interface, and the first drain interface is connected to the first drain port and the second drain interface is connected to the second drain port.

[0008] Furthermore, the overflow pipe consists of a constriction section, a throat, and an expansion section, with the constriction section and the expansion section located at both ends of the throat and integrally formed therewith. The inner wall of the expansion section is integrally formed with multiple first spiral guide flanges; the cavity is opened in the constriction section.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes an enhanced cavitation component installed in the overflow pipe. The enhanced cavitation component includes multiple second nozzles fixed on the inner wall of the throat, an inner flow channel opened in the throat, and a vacuum regulating valve opened on the outer wall of the throat and connected to the inner flow channel. The inner flow channel is connected to the input end of the multiple second nozzles. The outer wall of the swirling part is provided with an air inlet, and the inside of the swirling part is provided with a connecting pipe that connects the vacuum regulating valve to the air inlet.

[0010] Furthermore, the enhanced cavitation component also includes multiple inserts fixed to the inner wall of the throat, a conductive element disposed inside the overflow pipe and connected to the multiple inserts, and an ultrasonic transducer fixed to the upper end of the vortex section, with one end of the conductive element penetrating through the overflow pipe and the vortex section and connected to the output end of the ultrasonic transducer.

[0011] Furthermore, the conductive element is located inside the overflow pipe and is in non-rigid contact with the overflow pipe, and an isolation element is provided between the conductive element and the overflow pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the enhanced cavitation component also includes a plurality of second helical guide flanges respectively fixed to one side of a plurality of inserts.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple second nozzles and inserts are equidistantly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the throat, and multiple first spiral guide flanges are equidistantly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the expansion section.

[0014] Furthermore, the overflow pipe is also equipped with a dynamic cleaning component, which includes a rotating rod located at the center of the contraction section and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the vortex section at its upper end, a scraper fixed to the outside of the rotating rod, and the free end of the scraper is in contact with the inner wall of the filter cartridge. A motor is fixed to the upper end of the vortex section, and the output shaft of the motor passes through the vortex section and is connected to the rotating rod.

[0015] Furthermore, the dynamic cleaning component also includes a gear ring rotatably connected inside the swirling section and a second gear meshing with the gear ring, a first gear rotatably connected inside the swirling section and fixedly connected to the outside of the motor output shaft, a connecting ring rotatably connected inside the swirling section, and a dynamic seal disposed inside the swirling section and connected to the connecting ring. The first gear meshes with the second gear, the upper end of the connecting ring is fixedly connected to the gear ring and the lower end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the filter cartridge, and the filter cartridge is rotatably connected in the contraction section.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a pretreatment component connected to the tangential inlet. The pretreatment component includes a housing, a Venturi tube fixed to one side of the housing and connecting the housing output end to the tangential inlet, multiple baffles fixed to the inner wall of the housing, a first nozzle fixed to one side of the baffles, and an input interface opened on one side of the housing and connected to the first nozzle. The multiple baffles are arranged in a spatially staggered array on the inner wall of the housing, and an irregular tortuous flow channel that forces the water flow to change direction is formed between adjacent baffles. The throat cross-sectional area of ​​the Venturi tube is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the tangential inlet, and is used to accelerate the fluid after it has passed through microscopic vortex agglomeration into a jet.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) This scheme sets up a filter cartridge in the constriction section of the overflow pipe. When the second drain port is closed, the liquid that is forced into the overflow pipe passes through the filter cartridge, thereby intercepting small organisms that cannot be separated by swirling flow. When the second drain port is opened periodically and the first drain port is closed, the inside of the overflow pipe is restored to a connected state. At the same time, the first spiral guide flange in the expansion section can force the fluid to rotate at high speed when it enters the overflow pipe, so that the water flow in the constriction section sweeps tangentially along the surface of the filter cartridge, continuously peeling off the mud and organisms that are trying to adhere to the filter cartridge. This extends the effective working time of the filter cartridge and slows down the rate of pressure difference rise.

[0018] (2) This scheme is equipped with a cavitation enhancement component. A small amount of ozone gas is introduced through a vacuum regulating valve and discharged through a second nozzle. This transforms the macroscopic large bubbles that could otherwise paralyze the system into a controlled microbubble cluster, ensuring that the system can maintain a stable ballast water flow rate even under extreme low pressure. Furthermore, ozone will rapidly dissolve and come into contact with microorganisms under the high shear force in the throat. It can destroy the sticky polysaccharide molecular chains secreted by organisms, thereby achieving disinfection. After the sticky substances are destroyed, the aggregates entering the filter cartridge become non-sticky, and the filter cartridge intercepts the aggregates. The aggregates on the filter cartridge can be easily discharged through self-cleaning or backwashing functions. At the same time, the ultrasonic transducer works in coordination. The ultrasonic waves act on the throat through the insert, causing the generation of cavitation gas. The acoustic energy required for the cavitation effect is greatly reduced. When the ultrasonic-induced cavitation bubbles collapse, they generate extremely high-pressure microjets. Since the fluid is in a high-speed rotation state at this time, this physical impact will tear the cell membrane of microorganisms in multiple dimensions, thereby improving the capture efficiency of organisms by the filter cartridge. The trace amount of gas introduced by the second nozzle acts as an artificial "cavitation nucleus". Under the action of ultrasonic waves, these tiny bubbles will undergo violent oscillation (stable cavitation) or collapse (transient cavitation). This combined effect can greatly weaken the activity of marine organisms. Even if some stubborn microorganisms are not completely killed in the throat, their cell structure has become extremely fragile due to physical fatigue. When they enter the ultraviolet irradiation or electrolysis treatment unit, the dose required for killing will be significantly reduced.

[0019] (3) This solution is equipped with a dynamic cleaning component. The motor drives the scraper and filter cartridge to rotate. The direction of rotation of the filter cartridge is opposite to the direction of swirling flow. The extremely high relative speed generates a huge tangential shear force, which prevents small particles and sticky organisms from staying on the inner wall of the filter cartridge, thus improving the anti-clogging performance of the filter cartridge. The scraper rotates in the direction of swirling flow, while the filter cartridge rotates against the direction of swirling flow. During the rotation of the scraper, a local high-pressure zone is generated at its leading edge and a momentary low pressure is generated at its trailing edge. This violent pressure fluctuation will produce a "kneading" effect, squeezing out impurities embedded deep in the filter pores. This strong turbulence, combined with the physical contact of the scraper, makes the filter cartridge effective even when facing oily surfaces. Even with highly viscous or extremely viscous ballast water, the filter cartridge can maintain complete permeability of the filter pores, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the filter cartridge. Especially when ships enter or leave nearshore waters with high turbidity and high sediment content, such as the Yangtze River estuary, traditional metal filter cartridges are prone to forming dense cakes due to the combination of extracellular polymers secreted by organisms and fine sediment. The present invention uses strong bidirectional turbulence combined with the physical contact of the scraper to directly tear the polymer bonds of the viscous cake through transient low-pressure cavitation generated by dynamics. This allows the filter cartridge to maintain complete permeability even when facing extremely viscous ballast water, fundamentally solving the industry problem of frequent backwashing caused by traditional filters, which leads to a significant decrease in ballast flow.

[0020] (4) This scheme is equipped with a pretreatment component. Before the ballast water enters the vortex section, the staggered baffles and the first nozzle cause multiple micro-vortices to form in the water flow entering the shell. In this highly turbulent flow field, microorganisms collide with fine sediment at high frequency. Microorganisms entangle with each other or adsorb onto sediment particles, achieving agglomeration from small to large. Lightweight organisms that would have escaped from the overflow pipe are easily thrown to the outer wall and discharged from the bottom outlet in the vortex section because they have become large clumps, reducing the filtration burden on the filter cartridge. At the same time, the pressure mutation and shear force caused by the irregular geometry will physically damage the flagella, cilia or cell walls of microorganisms. Even if these organisms are not ultimately separated, they are already in a state of injury or stress, reducing their resistance to back-end ultrasound, ozone or ultraviolet light, and playing a role in enhancing the killing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the swirl section of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the overflow pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second drain ports of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the enhanced cavitation component and dynamic cleaning component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first gear, second gear, and gear ring of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the preprocessing component structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the scraper structure of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Processing section; 11. Swirl section; 12. Tangential inlet; 2. Pretreatment assembly; 21. Housing; 22. Venturi tube; 23. Baffle plate; 24. First nozzle; 25. Input interface; 3. Overflow pipe; 31. Contraction section; 32. Throat; 33. Expansion section; 34. First spiral guide flange; 35. Cavity; 36. Filter cartridge; 37. First drain port; 38. Second drain port; 39. First drain interface; 40. Second drain 4. Interface; 41. Enhanced cavitation component; 42. Insert; 43. Second spiral guide flange; 44. Conductor; 45. Ultrasonic transducer; 46. Second nozzle; 47. Inner flow channel; 48. Vacuum regulating valve; 49. Connecting pipe; 50. Air inlet; 51. Dynamic cleaning component; 52. Motor; 53. Rotating rod; 54. First gear; 55. Second gear; 56. Gear ring; 57. Connecting ring; 58. Dynamic seal; 59. Scraper. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figures 1 to 8 A ship ballast water treatment device includes a treatment section 1, wherein the treatment section 1 includes a vortex section 11, a tangential liquid inlet 12 opened on the outer wall of the vortex section 11, a sand settling port opened at the lower end of the vortex section 11, and an overflow pipe 3 fixed on the inner wall of the vortex section 11. The overflow pipe 3 is located at the center of the swirling section 11 and its upper end is fixed to the inner wall of the swirling section 11. A cavity 35 is opened on the inner wall of the overflow pipe 3 and communicates with the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe 3. A filter cartridge 36 is provided in the cavity 35. The filter cartridge 36 is located at the connection between the cavity 35 and the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe 3. The upper end of the vortex section 11 is provided with a first drain port 37 and a second drain port 38. The first drain port 37 passes through the overflow pipe 3 and is connected to the cavity 35. The second drain port 38 is connected to the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe 3. The upper end of the vortex section 11 is fixedly connected with a first drain interface 39 and a second drain interface 40, and the first drain interface 39 is connected to the first drain port 37 and the second drain interface 40 is connected to the second drain port 38.

[0025] The overflow pipe 3 is composed of a contraction section 31, a throat 32 and an expansion section 33, and the contraction section 31 and the expansion section 33 are integrally formed with the throat 32. The inner wall of the expansion section 33 is integrally formed with a plurality of first spiral guide flanges 34; the cavity 35 is opened in the contraction section 31.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, liquid enters the vortex section 11 from the tangential inlet 12 and generates vortex flow in the vortex section 11. Heavy materials are discharged through the sand settling port at the bottom of the vortex section 11, while light materials enter the overflow pipe 3 with the liquid. Under normal conditions, the second drain port 40 is closed and the first drain port 39 is open. Liquid in the overflow pipe 3 passes through the filter cylinder 36 and enters the cavity 35, then enters the first drain port 39 through the first drain outlet 37. The liquid is discharged through the filter cartridge 36, which intercepts small organisms that cannot be separated by the cyclone. The second drain port 40 is opened periodically and the first drain port 39 is closed. At this time, the inside of the overflow pipe 3 is restored to the connected state. The liquid in the overflow pipe 3 can directly enter the second drain port 40 through the second drain port 38 and be discharged from the second drain port 40. During this process, the liquid flowing from the overflow pipe 3 and being discharged directly can carry away the filtered substances on the inner wall of the filter cartridge 36, achieving a light cleaning of the inner wall of the filter cartridge 36. The first spiral guide flange 34 in the expansion section 33 can force the fluid to rotate at high speed when it enters the overflow pipe 3, so that the water flow in the contraction section 31 sweeps tangentially along the surface of the filter cartridge 36, continuously stripping away the mud, sand and organisms that are trying to adhere to the filter cartridge 36; extending the effective working time of the filter cartridge 36 and slowing down the rate of pressure difference rise.

[0027] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, it also includes an enhanced cavitation component 4 disposed in the overflow pipe 3. The enhanced cavitation component 4 includes a plurality of second nozzles 45 fixed on the inner wall of the throat 32, an inner flow channel 46 opened in the throat 32, and a vacuum regulating valve 47 opened on the outer wall of the throat 32 and connected to the inner flow channel 46. The inner flow channel 46 is connected to the input end of the plurality of second nozzles 45. The outer wall of the vortex section 11 is provided with an air inlet 49, and the vortex section 11 is provided with a connecting pipe 48 that connects the vacuum regulating valve 47 to the air inlet 49.

[0028] The enhanced cavitation component 4 also includes a plurality of inserts 41 fixed to the inner wall of the throat 32, a conductor 43 disposed inside the overflow pipe 3 and connected to the plurality of inserts 41, and an ultrasonic transducer 44 fixed to the upper end of the vortex section 11, wherein one end of the conductor 43 passes through the overflow pipe 3 and the vortex section 11 and is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic transducer 44.

[0029] The conductive element 43 is located inside the overflow pipe 3 and is in non-rigid contact with the overflow pipe 3, so as to avoid the overflow pipe 3 absorbing and consuming vibration energy. An isolation element is provided between the conductive element 43 and the overflow pipe 3. The isolation element is made of fluororubber vibration damping material with a damping coefficient greater than the defined value and is wrapped around the outside of the conductive element 43. While ensuring the fluid sealing of the internal hollow cavity, the isolation element cuts off the rigid transmission path of ultrasonic vibration to the overflow pipe 3, ensuring that the cavitation energy is concentrated and guided to the insert 41.

[0030] The enhanced cavitation component 4 also includes a plurality of second spiral guide flanges 42 respectively fixed on one side of a plurality of inserts 41.

[0031] Multiple second nozzles 45 and inserts 41 are equidistantly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the throat 32, and multiple first spiral guide flanges 34 are equidistantly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the expansion section 33.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the air inlet 49 can be connected to an external air pipe. The ozone gas in the air inlet 49 can reach the input end of the vacuum regulating valve 47 through the connecting pipe 48, and can enter the inner flow channel 46 from the vacuum regulating valve 47, and finally be discharged from multiple second nozzles 45. The ozone gas intake or extraction rate is adjusted by the vacuum regulating valve 47. The ozone gas is discharged through the second nozzles 45 and enters the throat 32. The liquid flow velocity entering the throat 32 from the expansion section 33 increases dramatically. At the same time, according to Bernoulli's principle, in steady flow, as the fluid kinetic energy (velocity) increases, the static pressure energy (pressure) must decrease. Therefore, the throat 32 will generate A low-pressure zone (or even negative pressure / suction force) far below the inlet is used to draw ozone gas into the throat 32; the macroscopic large bubbles that would otherwise paralyze the system are transformed into a controlled microbubble cluster, ensuring that the system can maintain a stable ballast water flow rate even under extreme low pressure; and the ozone will dissolve rapidly under the high shear force in the throat 32 and come into contact with microorganisms, which can destroy the sticky polysaccharide molecular chains secreted by organisms to achieve disinfection. After the sticky substances are destroyed, the aggregates entering the filter cartridge 36 become non-sticky. After the filter cartridge 36 intercepts the aggregates, the aggregates on the filter cartridge 36 can be easily discharged through self-cleaning or backwashing functions; The ultrasonic transducer 44 works in concert, and the output ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the insert 41 through the conductor 43. The insert 41 acts on the throat 32, which greatly reduces the acoustic energy required to generate the cavitation effect. When the ultrasonic waves induce the collapse of the cavitation bubbles, they generate extremely high-pressure microjets. Since the fluid is in a high-speed rotation state at this time, this physical impact will tear the cell membrane of microorganisms in multiple dimensions, thereby improving the capture efficiency of organisms by the filter cartridge 36. The ozone gas introduced by the second nozzle 45 acts as an artificial "cavitation nucleus". Under the action of ultrasonic waves, these microbubbles will undergo violent oscillation (stable cavitation) or collapse (transient cavitation). This combined effect can greatly weaken the activity of marine organisms. Even if some stubborn microorganisms are not completely killed in the throat 32, their cell structure has become extremely fragile due to physical fatigue. When they enter the ultraviolet irradiation or electrolysis treatment unit, the dose required for killing will be significantly reduced.

[0033] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the overflow pipe 3 is also equipped with a dynamic cleaning component 5. The dynamic cleaning component 5 includes a rotating rod 52 located at the center of the constriction section 31 and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the vortex section 11 at its upper end, and a scraper 58 fixed to the outside of the rotating rod 52. The free end of the scraper 58 is in contact with the inner wall of the filter cartridge 36. A motor 51 is fixed to the upper end of the vortex section 11, and the output shaft of the motor 51 passes through the vortex section 11 and is connected to the rotating rod 52.

[0034] The dynamic cleaning component 5 also includes a gear ring 55 rotatably connected inside the vortex section 11 and a second gear 54 meshing with the gear ring 55, a first gear 53 rotatably connected inside the vortex section 11 and fixedly connected to the outside of the output shaft of the motor 51, a connecting ring 56 rotatably connected inside the vortex section 11, and a dynamic seal 57 disposed inside the vortex section 11 and connected to the connecting ring 56. The first gear 53 meshes with the second gear 54. The upper end of the connecting ring 56 is fixedly connected to the gear ring 55 and the lower end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the filter cartridge 36. The filter cartridge 36 is rotatably connected in the contraction section 31.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the motor 51 drives the rotating rod 52 and the scraper 58 to rotate. The rotation of the scraper 58 can clean the material on the inner wall of the filter cylinder 36. At the same time, the motor 51 can also drive the first gear 53 and the second gear 54 to rotate. The rotation of the second gear 54 drives the gear ring 55, the connecting ring 56 and the filter cylinder 36 to rotate. The rotation direction of the filter cylinder 36 is opposite to the direction of the rotating rod 52. When the rotation direction of the filter cylinder 36 is opposite to the swirling direction, the extremely high relative velocity generates a huge tangential shear force, which removes small particles and sticky organisms. The filter cartridge 36 cannot remain on the inner wall, thus improving its anti-clogging performance. The scraper 58 rotates in the direction of the swirling flow. During the rotation, a local high-pressure zone is generated at its leading edge and a momentary low pressure is generated at its trailing edge. This intense pressure fluctuation produces a "kneading" effect, squeezing out impurities embedded deep in the filter pores. This strong turbulence, combined with the physical contact of the scraper 58, ensures that the filter cartridge 36 can maintain complete permeability of the filter pores even when facing oily or highly viscous ballast water, thus guaranteeing the stability and efficiency of the filter cartridge 36.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, it also includes a pretreatment component 2 connected to the tangential inlet 12. The pretreatment component 2 includes a housing 21, a Venturi tube 22 fixed to one side of the housing 21 and connecting the output end of the housing 21 to the tangential inlet 12, multiple baffles 23 fixed to the inner wall of the housing 21, a first nozzle 24 fixed to one side of the baffles 23, and an input interface 25 opened on one side of the housing 21 and connected to the first nozzle 24. A pipe is fixed inside the baffle 23, one end of the pipe is connected to the input end of the first nozzle 24, and the other end of the pipe is connected to the input interface 25. The multiple baffles 23 are arranged in a spatially staggered array on the inner wall of the housing 21, and an irregular tortuous flow channel is formed between adjacent baffles 23 to force the water flow to change direction. The throat cross-sectional area of ​​the Venturi tube 22 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the tangential inlet 12, and it is used to accelerate the fluid after it has been agglomerated by microscopic vortices.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solution, the ballast water needs to be pre-treated in the shell 21 before entering the vortex section 11. An external air pipe is connected to the input interface 25, and the gas enters the first nozzle 24 through the input interface 25 and is discharged from the first nozzle 24. The water flow entering the shell 21 will collide with multiple baffles 23. The staggered baffles 23 and the first nozzle 24 in the shell 21 will form multiple micro vortices in the water flow entering the shell 21. In this highly turbulent flow field, microorganisms collide with fine sediment at high frequency, and the microorganisms become entangled or adsorbed. On the sediment particles, small particles agglomerate into larger ones; light organisms that would have escaped from the overflow pipe 3 are easily thrown against the outer wall and discharged from the sediment outlet in the vortex section 11 because they have become large clumps, reducing the filtration burden on the filter cartridge 36; at the same time, the pressure mutation and shear force caused by the irregular geometry will physically damage the flagella, cilia or cell walls of microorganisms. Even if these organisms are not ultimately separated, they are already in a state of injury or stress, reducing their resistance to back-end ultrasound, ozone or ultraviolet light, and playing a role in enhancing the killing effect.

[0038] Usage: Ballast water entering the shell 21 collides with multiple baffles 23. The staggered baffles 23 and the first nozzle 24 within the shell 21 create multiple micro-vortices in the water flow. Microorganisms collide with fine sediment at high frequency, causing them to entangle or adhere to the sediment particles, thus agglomerating from small to large. The aggregate then exits from the shell 21 and enters the vortex section 11 through the venturi tube 22. Liquid enters the vortex section 11 from the tangential inlet 12, creating a swirling flow within it. Heavier materials pass through the sediment at the bottom of the vortex section 11. The sand is discharged, and the lighter materials enter the overflow pipe 3 with the liquid. Under normal conditions, the second drain port 40 is closed and the first drain port 39 is open. The liquid in the overflow pipe 3 passes through the filter cartridge 36 and enters the cavity 35, and then enters the first drain port 39 through the first drain outlet 37, and is discharged from the first drain port 39. The filter cartridge 36 intercepts small organisms that cannot be separated by cyclone separation. In this process, the first spiral guide flange 34 in the expansion section 33 can force the fluid to rotate at high speed when it enters the overflow pipe 3, thereby causing the contraction section 3 to rotate at high speed. The water flow in section 1 tangentially sweeps along the surface of filter cartridge 36, continuously peeling away the mud, sand, and organisms attempting to adhere to it. The second drain port 40 is periodically opened while the first drain port 39 is closed. At this time, the overflow pipe 3 is restored to a connected state, allowing the liquid in the overflow pipe 3 to directly enter the second drain port 40 through the second drain outlet 38 and exit from the second drain port 40. During this process, the liquid flowing directly out of the overflow pipe 3 carries away the filtered material from the inner wall of filter cartridge 36, achieving a light cleaning of the inner wall of filter cartridge 36. Motor 51 The operation drives the rotating rod 52 and scraper 58 to rotate. The rotation of scraper 58 can clean the material on the inner wall of filter cartridge 36. At the same time, motor 51 can also drive the first gear 53 and the second gear 54 to rotate. The rotation of the second gear 54 drives the gear ring 55, connecting ring 56 and filter cartridge 36 to rotate. The rotation direction of filter cartridge 36 is opposite to the direction of rotating rod 52. When the rotation direction of filter cartridge 36 is opposite to the swirling direction, the extremely high relative velocity generates a huge tangential shear force, which prevents small particles and sticky organisms from staying on the inner wall of filter cartridge 36, thus improving the anti-clogging performance of filter cartridge 36.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concepts, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship ballast water treatment device, comprising a treatment unit (1), characterized in that: The processing unit (1) includes a swirling section (11), a tangential liquid inlet (12) opened on the outer wall of the swirling section (11), a sand settling port opened at the lower end of the swirling section (11), and an overflow pipe (3) fixed on the inner wall of the swirling section (11). The overflow pipe (3) is located at the center of the swirling section (11) and its upper end is fixed to the inner wall of the swirling section (11). A cavity (35) is opened on the inner wall of the overflow pipe (3) and communicates with the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe (3). A filter cylinder (36) is provided in the cavity (35). The filter cylinder (36) is located at the connection between the cavity (35) and the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe (3). The upper end of the swirling part (11) is provided with a first drain port (37) and a second drain port (38). The first drain port (37) passes through the overflow pipe (3) and is connected to the cavity (35). The second drain port (38) is connected to the hollow cavity inside the overflow pipe (3). The upper end of the swirling part (11) is fixed with a first drain interface (39) and a second drain interface (40), and the first drain interface (39) is connected to the first drain port (37) and the second drain interface (40) is connected to the second drain port (38).

2. The ship ballast water treatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overflow pipe (3) is composed of a contraction section (31), a throat (32) and an expansion section (33), and the contraction section (31) and the expansion section (33) are located at both ends of the throat (32) and are integrally formed therewith. The inner wall of the expansion section (33) is integrally formed with a plurality of first spiral guide flanges (34); the cavity (35) is opened in the contraction section (31).

3. The ship ballast water treatment equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes an enhanced cavitation component (4) installed in the overflow pipe (3). The enhanced cavitation component (4) includes a plurality of second nozzles (45) fixed on the inner wall of the throat (32), an inner flow channel (46) opened in the throat (32), and a vacuum regulating valve (47) opened on the outer wall of the throat (32) and connected to the inner flow channel (46). The inner flow channel (46) is connected to the input end of the plurality of second nozzles (45). An air inlet (49) is opened on the outer wall of the swirling part (11), and a connecting pipe (48) is provided inside the swirling part (11) to connect the vacuum regulating valve (47) and the air inlet (49).

4. The ship ballast water treatment equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The enhanced cavitation component (4) also includes multiple inserts (41) fixed to the inner wall of the throat (32), a conductor (43) disposed inside the overflow pipe (3) and connected to the multiple inserts (41), and an ultrasonic transducer (44) fixed to the upper end of the vortex section (11). One end of the conductor (43) passes through the overflow pipe (3) and the vortex section (11) and is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic transducer (44).

5. A ship ballast water treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conductive element (43) is located inside the overflow pipe (3) and is in non-rigid contact with the overflow pipe (3). An isolation element is provided between the conductive element (43) and the overflow pipe (3).

6. A ship ballast water treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The enhanced cavitation component (4) also includes a plurality of second spiral guide flanges (42) respectively fixed on one side of a plurality of inserts (41).

7. A ship ballast water treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Multiple second nozzles (45) and inserts (41) are equidistantly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the throat (32), and multiple first spiral guide flanges (34) are equidistantly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the expansion section (33).

8. A ship ballast water treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overflow pipe (3) is also equipped with a dynamic cleaning component (5). The dynamic cleaning component (5) includes a rotating rod (52) located at the center of the constriction section (31) and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the swirling section (11) at its upper end, and a scraper (58) fixed to the outside of the rotating rod (52). The free end of the scraper (58) is in contact with the inner wall of the filter cartridge (36). The upper end of the swirling section (11) is fixedly connected to a motor (51), and the output shaft of the motor (51) passes through the swirling section (11) and is connected to the rotating rod (52).

9. A ship ballast water treatment device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dynamic cleaning component (5) further includes a gear ring (55) rotatably connected inside the vortex section (11) and a second gear (54) meshing with the gear ring (55), a first gear (53) rotatably connected inside the vortex section (11) and fixedly connected to the outside of the output shaft of the motor (51), a connecting ring (56) rotatably connected inside the vortex section (11), and a dynamic seal (57) disposed inside the vortex section (11) and connected to the connecting ring (56). The first gear (53) meshes with the second gear (54). The upper end of the connecting ring (56) is fixedly connected to the gear ring (55) and the lower end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the filter cartridge (36). The filter cartridge (36) is rotatably connected in the shrink section (31).

10. A ship ballast water treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pretreatment component (2) connected to the tangential inlet (12). The pretreatment component (2) includes a housing (21), a venturi tube (22) fixed to one side of the housing (21) and connected to the tangential inlet (12), multiple baffles (23) fixed to the inner wall of the housing (21), a first nozzle (24) fixed to one side of the baffle (23), and an input interface (25) opened on one side of the housing (21) and connected to the first nozzle (24). The multiple baffles (23) are arranged in a spatially staggered array on the inner wall of the housing (21), and an irregular tortuous flow channel that forces the water flow to change direction is formed between adjacent baffles (23). The throat cross-sectional area of ​​the venturi tube (22) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the tangential inlet (12) and is used to accelerate the fluid after it has been agglomerated by microscopic vortices.

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