Experimental device and method for simulating water-gas interface gas exchange under influence of wind speed

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device and method for simulating influence of wind speed on water-gas interface gas exchange. The experimental device is characterized by comprising an annular water tank, a wind speed simulation assembly, a gas initial concentration generation assembly and a gas concentration detection assembly, the wind speed simulation assembly is arranged above the annular water tank to form an annular wind field; the gas initial concentration generation assembly comprises a water-gas mixing steel cylinder, experiment water and target gas are input into the water-gas mixing steel cylinder, and the water-gas mixing steel cylinder is connected with the annular water tank through a connecting pipeline; the gas concentration detection assembly comprises a water-gas separation unit, and inert carrier gas and a water sample in the annular water tank are input into the water-gas separation unit; one side of the water-gas separation unit is connected with a gas analyzer, and the gas analyzer completes detection. According to the experimental device and method for simulating the influence of the wind speed on the gas exchange of the water-gas interface, the conditions of different wind speeds can be directly, accurately and repeatedly simulated in a laboratory, and the gas concentration can be synchronously, automatically and precisely monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental simulation and measurement technology, and in particular to an experimental apparatus and method for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed. Background Technology

[0002] The water-air interface exchange coefficient is crucial for calculating greenhouse gas diffusion fluxes, and wind speed is generally considered an important factor influencing its magnitude. In many research fields, such as climate change, environmental science and engineering, hydraulic engineering, and environmental impact assessment, researchers often need to simulate water turbulence corresponding to specific wind speeds in laboratory environments to investigate the impact of the water-air interface exchange coefficient in their respective research areas.

[0003] In existing technologies, there are two main types of physical experiments on turbulence: one is the in-situ field observation method, which directly measures in a naturally existing turbulent environment; the other is laboratory physical simulation, which generates waves, shear flows, etc. in a controlled environment such as a circulating water tank or wind tunnel, and physically reproduces the conditions that generate turbulence in the laboratory, thereby directly studying how specific turbulent structures affect gas transport.

[0004] However, the existing methods mentioned above have obvious shortcomings and are difficult to meet the requirements of laboratories for precise experiments.

[0005] First, existing devices are severely affected by external interference. Parameters such as natural wind speed, temperature, and background concentration are difficult to control precisely, resulting in low experimental repeatability, dependence on weather and field conditions, long data acquisition cycles, high costs, and low efficiency. Some devices indirectly simulate the effects of wind, rather than directly using wind as a driving force, inevitably leading to deviations in the process and severely impacting the reliability and accuracy of experimental results.

[0006] Secondly, most existing devices contain multiple independent subsystems, each responsible for wave generation, sampling, analysis, etc., which are complex in structure and often require frequent operation and coordination by operators, placing high demands on operators and making it difficult to promote and apply them.

[0007] Furthermore, existing devices often employ manual, interval sampling for data acquisition. This sampling method, lacking real-time capability, can itself disturb the experimental system. The disconnect between the monitoring system and the simulation system causes problems with data temporal synchronization and spatial matching. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed. It can automatically maintain the uniformity and stability of the water surface and ensure the stability of the experimental environment. According to the experimental requirements, the wind speed and initial gas concentration can be programmably adjusted to simulate water turbulence under different wind speeds. The device has a compact structure, is easy to operate, and is suitable for use in laboratory environments.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed includes an annular water tank, a wind speed simulation component, a gas initial concentration generation component, and a gas concentration detection component. The wind speed simulation component is arranged above the annular water tank to form an annular wind field; The initial gas concentration generation component includes a target gas cylinder containing the target gas, which is connected to a water-gas mixing cylinder via a connecting pipe; the water-gas mixing cylinder contains deionized water or experimental water, and is connected to an annular water tank via a connecting pipe. The gas concentration detection component includes a water-gas separation unit, into which inert carrier gas and water sample from an annular water tank are input; one side of the water-gas separation unit is connected to a gas analyzer, which performs the detection.

[0010] The annular water tank includes an outer ring wall, an inner ring wall, and a bottom plate, which together form an annular cavity; the annular cavity is provided with a water inlet, a water return outlet, a water inlet, and a water outlet valve.

[0011] The wind speed simulation component includes multiple wind turbines, which are mounted on a support frame and evenly distributed along the center line of the annular water tank.

[0012] Wind speed sensors are installed below the fan and above the annular water tank.

[0013] The support frame includes a support body, inside which a servo motor is installed. The servo motor drives a ball screw and nut mechanism to move up and down. The ball screw and nut mechanism drives a connecting plate to move up and down. Multiple cantilever arms are fixed on the connecting plate. An angle adjustment component is installed at the lower end of each cantilever arm. The angle adjustment component fixes the fan and adjusts its angle.

[0014] The angle adjustment assembly includes a U-shaped component. The upper end of the U-shaped component is fixed to the cantilever, and the lower end of the vertical part is fixed with a plug rod. The lower end of the fan is fixed with a corresponding sleeve on the left and right. The plug rod and the sleeve are inserted and screwed into the tightening screw for tightening. An annular ring is fixed to the outside of the U-shaped component. A positioning screw is threaded onto the annular ring. After the positioning screw is screwed in, it contacts the side wall of the fan.

[0015] The water-gas separation unit includes a sealed gas-liquid reaction chamber. The gas-liquid reaction chamber has a liquid inlet at the lower end and a gas outlet at the upper end. An air intake pipe is installed inside the gas-liquid reaction chamber. The output end of the air intake pipe points to the bottom of the gas-liquid reaction chamber, and the input end of the air intake pipe is connected to the air inlet.

[0016] The liquid inlet of the water-gas separation unit is connected to the water intake through the first pipe, and a peristaltic pump is also installed on the first pipe; the air inlet of the water-gas separation unit is connected to the inert gas cylinder through the second pipe; and the air outlet of the water-gas separation unit is connected to the gas analyzer through the third pipe.

[0017] The water-air separation unit is connected to the return water port via a fourth pipe and a peristaltic pump.

[0018] A method for conducting experiments using an experimental setup to simulate the effect of wind speed on gas exchange at the water-air interface includes the following steps: S1: Close the outlet valve of the annular water tank; obtain a water sample containing a set concentration of greenhouse gas from the initial concentration gas generation component, and inject it from the bottom of the annular water tank through the inlet until the water depth reaches the experimental set value; S2: Turn on the gas concentration detection component, turn on the peristaltic pump, and adjust the air flow rate and water flow rate of the water-gas separation unit to the working set value; S3: Start the data acquisition system to record the initial water temperature, ambient air pressure, air temperature, and CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the background atmosphere; S4: Turn on the industrial fan of the wind speed simulation component through the central controller; adjust the frequency of the frequency converter, observe the reading of the wind speed sensor, and make the wind speed on the water surface reach and stabilize at the experimental set value; after the wind speed is uniform and stable, record it as the initial moment of the experiment. S5: After the experiment begins, the gas analyzer starts to continuously and in real time detect the concentration of CO2 and CH4 in the water, and the central controller records the data changes synchronously. S6: When the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in the water reach a certain set value, stop data monitoring and recording; shut down the fan, peristaltic pump, and gas analyzer; open the outlet valve to drain the water in the tank, and the test is completed; S7: Change the wind speed setting and repeat S4~S6 to obtain multiple sets of gas exchange rate data under different wind speeds.

[0019] This invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for simulating the effect of wind speed on gas exchange at the water-air interface, which has the following technical advantages: 1) Uniform wind field, realistic simulation: This invention, through symmetrically arranged fans and adjustable angle support frames, combined with real-time adjustment of wind speed sensors and frequency converters, can simulate wind fields of different intensities and with uniform distribution, significantly improving the accuracy and realism of the experiment.

[0020] 2) No dead zones in the water body and stable flow: The present invention adopts an annular water tank design with smooth curved surfaces on both the inner and outer ring walls, ensuring uniform circulation of water in the entire annular cavity and providing a consistent hydrodynamic environment for gas exchange.

[0021] 3) Real-time gas concentration monitoring: It integrates a water-gas separation unit based on the dynamic headspace principle and a high-precision gas analyzer, and works with a peristaltic pump to realize continuous automatic extraction and analysis of water samples, and can dynamically track changes in gas concentration.

[0022] 4) High system integration and easy automation: All key parameters such as wind speed, temperature, pressure, flow rate and gas concentration are collected and managed by the central controller, which supports preset experimental programs and automatic operation, greatly reducing manual intervention and improving experimental efficiency and safety.

[0023] 5) Simple equipment structure and low manufacturing cost: The device of the present invention generates a wind field with an industrial fan. The overall structure is simple and compact and easy to process and manufacture. At the same time, the core components used in the device, such as sensors, frequency converters, and gas detectors, are all common standardized devices on the market, with low procurement costs. The device of the present invention greatly reduces the manufacturing cost while ensuring experimental performance, making it more suitable for the budget and usage needs of laboratories. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention (first view).

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention (second perspective).

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the gas initial concentration generation component in this invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gas concentration detection component in this invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a partial sectional view (front view) of the support frame in this invention. Figure 6 This is a front sectional view of the angle adjustment component in this invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a top view of the angle adjustment component in this invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the CO2 concentration change according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the CH4 concentration change according to the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Circular water tank; 2. Wind speed simulation component; 2.1. Fan; 3. Initial gas concentration generation component; 4. Gas concentration detection component; 5. Outer ring wall; 6. Inner ring wall; 7. Base plate; 8. Water outlet valve; 9. Water inlet; 10. Water outlet; 11. Support frame; 12. Water-gas mixing cylinder; 13. Water-gas separation unit; 14. Water inlet; 15. Target gas cylinder; 16. Peristaltic pump; 17. Gas analyzer; 18. Inert gas cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, an experimental device for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed mainly includes an annular water tank 1, a wind speed simulation component 2, a gas initial concentration generation component 3, a gas concentration detection component 4, and a central controller (not shown in the figure).

[0035] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the annular water tank 1 includes an outer ring wall 5, an inner ring wall 6, and a bottom plate 7. Both the outer ring wall 5 and the inner ring wall 6 are annular and arranged along the same central axis. The lower ends of both the outer ring wall 5 and the inner ring wall 6 are connected to the bottom plate 7, forming an annular cavity. The outer ring wall 5 is also equipped with a water sampling port 9, a water return port 10, and a water inlet 14. The water sampling port 9 is connected to the gas concentration detection component 4 for extracting water samples. The water return port 10 is used to guide the detected water back into the water tank. The water inlet 14 is located at the bottom of the water tank and is used to connect to the initial gas concentration generation component 3 to inject water samples of a specific concentration. A water outlet valve 8 is also provided on the bottom plate 7 to assist in drainage.

[0036] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the wind speed simulation component 2 simulates a wind field above the annular water tank 1. This component includes multiple industrial-grade fans 2.1, a support frame 11, and a wind speed adjustment mechanism. The fans 2.1 are fixedly installed on the top edge of the outer ring wall 5 via the support frame 11.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figures 6-7As shown, the support frame 11 includes a support body 11.1, which is fixed to the center of the annular water tank 1. The support body 11.1 has a conical sleeve structure. A servo motor 11.2 is installed inside the support body 11.1. The output end of the servo motor 11.2 is connected to a lead screw 11.3. The upper end of the lead screw 11.3 is rotatably mounted on the top of the support body 11.1 via a bearing. A ball nut 11.4 is threaded onto the lead screw 11.3. Guide rods 11.5 are welded to the left and right sides of the ball nut 11.4. The upper end of the guide rod 11.5 freely passes through the through hole at the top of the support body 11.1 and connects to the connecting plate 11.6. The connecting plate 11.6 is a circular plate, and a cantilever 11.7 is fixed circumferentially on the connecting plate 11.6.

[0038] When the servo motor 11.2 is activated, the lead screw 11.3 drives the ball nut 11.4 and the guide rod 11.5 to move up and down, which in turn drives the cantilever 11.7 to move up and down.

[0039] A U-shaped component 11.8 is fixed to the lower end of the cantilever 11.7. A plug rod 11.9 is fixed to the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped component 11.8. A corresponding sleeve is fixed to the lower end of the fan 2.1. The plug rod 11.9 is inserted into the sleeve. A threaded hole is opened at the upper end of the sleeve. After the tightening screw 11.10 is screwed in, it is tightened onto the plug rod 11.9.

[0040] An annular ring 11.11 is fixed to the outside of the U-shaped part 11.8. The diameter of the annular ring 11.11 is larger than the outer diameter of the fan 2.1. A positioning screw 11.12 is threaded onto the annular ring 11.11 at a position perpendicular to the insertion rod 11.9. After the positioning screw 11.12 is screwed in, it can contact the fan 2.1.

[0041] When it is necessary to adjust the angle of the fan 2.1, first loosen the positioning screw 11.12, keeping the positioning screw 11.12 at a distance from the fan 2.1, then loosen the tightening screw 11.10, and the fan will rotate around the axis of the two insert rods 11.9. After adjusting the angle, tighten the tightening screw 11.10 to lock it in place.

[0042] Preferably, the air outlet is oriented towards the annular centerline of the water tank, thereby forming an annular wind field sufficient to cover the entire water surface.

[0043] The wind turbine regulating mechanism includes a frequency converter and a wind speed sensor. The wind speed sensor is installed above the water surface to monitor the wind speed in real time and provide feedback signals. The central controller receives the signals from the wind speed sensor and controls the frequency converter to adjust the motor speed of the wind turbine, thereby controlling the wind speed on the water surface.

[0044] like Figure 3As shown, the initial gas concentration generation component 3 includes a target gas cylinder 15, which contains a target gas (typically CO2 and CH4). A pressure reducing valve is connected to the outlet of the target gas cylinder 15, and one side of the pressure reducing valve is connected to a water-gas mixing cylinder 12 via a connecting pipe. During operation, a certain amount of deionized water or experimental water is injected into the water-gas mixing cylinder 12; then the pressure reducing valve is opened, allowing the target gas to enter the water-gas mixing cylinder 12. Simultaneously, the stirring mechanism is activated to allow the target gas to fully dissolve in the deionized water (or experimental water), thereby achieving the desired initial concentration. Finally, through pressurization or by utilizing gravity, the uniformly mixed high-concentration water sample is injected into the annular water tank 1 through the inlet 14, thereby reducing interference with the initial state of the water surface.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the gas concentration detection component 4 includes a water-gas separation unit 13. The water-gas separation unit 13 is a device designed based on the dynamic headspace principle. The core structure of the water-gas separation unit 13 includes a sealed gas-liquid reaction chamber. The water sample is pumped into the chamber from the water tank sampling point at a constant flow rate by a peristaltic pump 16. High-purity carrier gas (such as nitrogen) is introduced into the bottom of the gas-liquid reaction chamber after passing through a flow controller. It fully contacts the water sample in a bubbling manner, causing the dissolved CO2 and CH4 to desorb rapidly from the water due to the partial pressure difference and be carried out with the carrier gas flow. The carrier gas outlet of the gas-liquid reaction chamber is connected to a drying tube to remove water vapor and then connected to a gas analyzer 17.

[0046] The bottom of the water-gas separation unit 13 is connected to the water intake 9 via a pipe and a peristaltic pump 16. The top of the water-gas separation unit 13 is connected to the air inlet of the gas analyzer 17 via a pipe. The peristaltic pump 16 pumps the water sample into the water-gas separation unit 13 at a constant flow rate. Inert carrier gas (helium) from the inert gas cylinder 18 is introduced into the water-gas separation unit 13, where the inert carrier gas rapidly mixes and exchanges with the dissolved gas in the water sample, displacing the gas in the aqueous phase to form a gaseous sample. The separated gas is carried by the inert carrier gas into the gas analyzer 17 for real-time concentration analysis, while the water sample after gas separation flows back to the annular water tank 1 via another pipe and the return water inlet 10. The data acquisition system integrates temperature, pressure, and flow rate sensors.

[0047] The central controller is connected to the frequency converter, gas analyzer and sensors through circuits. It is responsible for receiving feedback data, running preset programs, controlling the start and stop of the experiment, and synchronously recording, storing and visualizing all data to realize the automated operation and monitoring of the experiment.

[0048] Example 1 This explanation uses the study of the effect of different wind speeds on the greenhouse gas water-air interface exchange coefficient as an example. An experimental method for simulating the effect of wind speed on gas exchange at the water-air interface includes the following steps: S1: Close the outlet valve 8 of the annular water tank 1. Obtain a water sample containing a set concentration of greenhouse gases from the initial concentration gas generation component 3, and inject it from the bottom of the annular water tank 1 through the inlet 14 until the water depth reaches the experimental set value; the initial CO2 concentration in the water in the tank is controlled within the range of 70~100 μmol / L, the initial CH4 concentration range is 0.04~0.07 μmol / L, and the experimental water depth is set to 10 cm.

[0049] S2: Turn on the gas concentration detection component 4. Turn on the peristaltic pump 16 and adjust the air flow rate and water flow rate of the water-gas separation unit 13 to the working set values; air flow rate 35mL / min, water flow rate 80ml / min.

[0050] S3: Start the data acquisition system to record the initial water temperature, ambient air pressure, air temperature, and the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in the background atmosphere.

[0051] S4: Turn on the industrial fan of wind speed simulation component 2 via the central controller. Adjust the frequency converter and observe the wind speed sensor readings to make the water surface wind speed reach and stabilize at the experimental set value. After the wind speed is uniform and stable, record it as the initial moment of the experiment; the initial wind speed setting starts from zero and increases slowly.

[0052] S5: After the experiment begins, the gas analyzer 17 starts to continuously and in real time detect the concentration of CO2 and CH4 in the water, and the central controller records the data changes synchronously.

[0053] S6: When the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in the water reach a certain set value, stop data monitoring and recording. Turn off the fan, peristaltic pump 16, and gas analyzer 17. Open the outlet valve 8 to drain the water from the tank; this completes one test.

[0054] S7: Change the wind speed setting and repeat S4~S6 to obtain multiple sets of gas exchange rate data under different wind speeds.

[0055] from Figure 9 It can be seen that, under various operating conditions, within the water temperature range of 21.2~35 ℃, the decrease in CO2 concentration in the water mostly follows an exponential trend at different wind speeds. The rate of decrease in CO2 concentration accelerates with increasing wind speed. Furthermore, significant fluctuations in CO2 concentration occur at a wind speed of 0 m / s. This may be due to insufficient mixing of the water in the tank caused by the stillness of the water in the absence of wind, resulting in relatively large differences in CO2 concentration distribution.

[0056] from Figure 10It can be seen that, under various operating conditions, within the water temperature range of 21.2~35 ℃, the decrease in CH4 concentration in the water mostly follows an exponential trend at different wind speeds, meaning the CH4 concentration decreases rapidly at first and then slowly. The rate of decrease in CH4 concentration also accelerates with increasing wind speed. Furthermore, at wind speeds of 0 and 1.3 m / s, the CH4 concentration exhibits localized fluctuations. This may be due to insufficient mixing of the water in the tank caused by complete stillness under windless conditions, resulting in relatively large differences in the CH4 concentration distribution.

[0057] Throughout the process, the system can automatically maintain a stable wind field, a water body with no dead zones, and synchronous monitoring, ensuring that the gas exchange process at the water-air interface is carried out under controlled and consistent kinetic conditions, thus avoiding random errors and system deviations caused by traditional manual or open-loop control methods.

[0058] Through the above control methods, the experimental device system of this invention can stabilize key environmental parameters to set values ​​over a relatively long period of time, achieving precise and continuous tracking of gas concentration changes. It effectively meets the experimental needs for studying the gas exchange flux and its dynamic mechanisms at the water-air interface under simulated real wind fields, providing a stable, reliable, and efficient experimental platform for related fields such as water environment science and climate change research.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed, characterized in that: It includes an annular water tank (1), a wind speed simulation component (2), a gas initial concentration generation component (3), and a gas concentration detection component (4). The wind speed simulation component (2) is arranged above the annular water tank (1) to form an annular wind field; The initial gas concentration generation component (3) includes a target gas cylinder (15), which contains the target gas and is connected to a water-gas mixing cylinder (12) via a connecting pipe. The water-gas mixing cylinder (12) contains deionized water or experimental water and is connected to an annular water tank (1) via a connecting pipe. The gas concentration detection component (4) includes a water-gas separation unit (13), inert carrier gas and water sample from the annular water tank (1) are input into the water-gas separation unit (13); one side of the water-gas separation unit (13) is connected to the gas analyzer (17), and the gas analyzer (17) completes the detection.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular water tank (1) includes an outer ring wall (5), an inner ring wall (6) and a bottom plate (7). The outer ring wall (5), the inner ring wall (6) and the bottom plate (7) together form an annular cavity. The annular cavity is provided with a water inlet (9), a water return outlet (10), a water inlet (14) and a water outlet valve (8).

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wind speed simulation component (2) includes multiple fans, which are mounted on a support frame (11) and evenly distributed along the center line of the annular water tank (1).

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed according to claim 3, characterized in that: A wind speed sensor is arranged below the fan and above the annular water tank (1).

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support frame (11) includes a support body (11.1), a servo motor (11.2) is installed inside the support body (11.1), the servo motor (11.2) drives the ball screw nut mechanism to move up and down, the ball screw nut mechanism drives the connecting plate (11.6) to move up and down, and multiple sets of cantilever (11.7) are fixed on the connecting plate (11.6). An angle adjustment component is installed at the lower end of each set of cantilever (11.7), and the angle adjustment component fixes the fan and adjusts the angle.

6. The experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The angle adjustment assembly includes a U-shaped part (11.8), the upper end of which is fixed to the cantilever (11.7), and the lower end of which is fixed to the inner side of the vertical part with a plug rod (11.9). The lower end of the fan (2.1) is fixed with a plug sleeve on the left and right. The plug rod (11.9) is inserted into the plug sleeve and screwed into the tightening screw (11.10) to tighten it. An annular ring (11.11) is fixed on the outer side of the U-shaped part (11.8). A positioning screw (11.12) is threaded onto the annular ring (11.11). After the positioning screw (11.12) is screwed in, it contacts the side wall of the fan (2.1).

7. The experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water-gas separation unit (13) includes a closed gas-liquid reaction chamber. The lower end of the gas-liquid reaction chamber is provided with a liquid inlet and the upper end is provided with a gas outlet. A gas siphon is provided inside the gas-liquid reaction chamber. The output end of the gas siphon points to the bottom of the gas-liquid reaction chamber, and the input end of the gas siphon is connected to the gas inlet.

8. The experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inlet of the water-gas separation unit (13) is connected to the water intake (9) through the first pipe, and a peristaltic pump (16) is also installed on the first pipe; the air inlet of the water-gas separation unit (13) is connected to the inert gas cylinder (18) through the second pipe; the air outlet of the water-gas separation unit (13) is connected to the gas analyzer (17) through the third pipe.

9. The experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water-air separation unit (13) is connected to the return water port (10) via the fourth pipe and the peristaltic pump (16).

10. A method for conducting experiments using an experimental apparatus for simulating gas exchange at the water-air interface under the influence of wind speed, as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: Close the outlet valve (8) of the annular water tank (1); obtain a water sample containing a set concentration of greenhouse gas from the initial concentration gas generation component (3), and inject it from the bottom of the annular water tank (1) through the inlet (14) until the water depth reaches the experimental set value; S2: Turn on the gas concentration detection component (4), turn on the peristaltic pump (16), and adjust the air flow rate and water flow rate of the water-gas separation unit (13) to the working set value; S3: Start the data acquisition system to record the initial water temperature, ambient air pressure, air temperature, and CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the background atmosphere; S4: Turn on the industrial fan of the wind speed simulation component (2) through the central controller; adjust the frequency of the inverter, observe the reading of the wind speed sensor, and make the wind speed on the water surface reach and stabilize at the experimental set value; after the wind speed is uniform and stable, record it as the initial moment of the experiment. S5: After the experiment begins, the gas analyzer (17) starts to continuously and in real time detect the concentration of CO2 and CH4 in the water, and the central controller records the data changes synchronously. S6: When the concentration of CO2 and CH4 in the water reaches a certain set value, stop data monitoring and recording; shut down the fan, peristaltic pump (16) and gas analyzer (17); open the outlet valve (8) to drain the water in the tank, and the test ends; S7: Change the wind speed setting and repeat S4~S6 to obtain multiple sets of gas exchange rate data under different wind speeds.

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