Solar trajectory following type photovoltaic module angle self-adaptive power generation system

Abstract

The invention discloses a sun trajectory following type photovoltaic module angle self-adaptive power generation system which comprises a central control module, a remote communication module, a sun trajectory detection module, an energy consumption monitoring module, an angle adjustment execution module and a cloud monitoring platform module. The solar tracking type photovoltaic module angle self-adaptive power generation system is designed, the comprehensive energy efficiency ratio is remarkably improved by 25% through multi-sensor cooperative detection and a system-level energy consumption optimization mechanism, the annual energy output can be increased by 18%-22% under the same illumination condition, the equipment energy consumption can be monitored in real time, and the energy efficiency is improved. The angle adjustment strategy is dynamically adjusted to balance energy consumption and power generation gain, efficient operation under various meteorological conditions is ensured, the system supports a single system to control over 1000 photovoltaic assemblies, large-scale synchronous coordinated angle adjustment is achieved, errors are small, mutual shielding between the assemblies is effectively avoided, and the system is suitable for large-scale application. The system is suitable for various scenes such as a large ground power station, a roof distributed cluster and a photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse, and the system integration difficulty is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of control technology for large-scale photovoltaic power generation systems, specifically to a solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale photovoltaic power generation projects, the adjustment of the light-receiving angle of photovoltaic modules is a key factor affecting the overall power generation efficiency. Existing photovoltaic tracking systems mostly adopt the "independent adjustment of single modules" or "simple cluster control" mode, which has the following technical defects: First, some systems rely only on a single light sensor or solar trajectory algorithm for angle adjustment, lacking the acquisition of global illumination data, and are easily affected by local shadows and cloud cover, resulting in insufficient angle adjustment accuracy; Second, the energy consumption of equipment during the angle adjustment process is not considered. Frequent adjustments may increase short-term power generation, but the increased energy consumption of drive motors and control modules reduces the overall energy efficiency of the system; Third, in large-scale cluster control, there is a lack of synchronization and coordination mechanism between modules, which can easily lead to problems such as asynchronous adjustment and mutual shading, especially in high-density photovoltaic power plants, where power generation losses can reach 10% to 15%.

[0003] Furthermore, the energy consumption monitoring of existing systems is mostly limited to the output end of photovoltaic modules and does not cover the energy consumption data of the angle adjustment execution module. It is impossible to accurately calculate the balance relationship between "power generation gain and angle adjustment energy consumption", which makes it difficult to optimize the system operating parameters. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a photovoltaic angle adaptive system with multi-sensor collaborative detection, system-level energy consumption optimization and multi-component synchronous coordination capabilities to solve the problems of low energy efficiency and difficult coordination in large-scale photovoltaic power plants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a solar trajectory following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system, including a central control module, on which a remote communication module is connected for data transmission, and on which a solar trajectory detection module, an energy consumption monitoring module, and an angle adjustment execution module are connected for data transmission, the central control module including a controller module, a control algorithm module, an interface module, and a GPS module, and the solar trajectory detection module including a global illumination acquisition module and a trajectory parameter calculation module.

[0006] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the remote communication module includes an industrial Ethernet module, a LoRa wireless communication module and a 4G communication module, and the energy consumption monitoring module includes a sub-item energy consumption acquisition module and an energy efficiency analysis module.

[0007] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the angle adjustment execution module includes a drive module and a support module.

[0008] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the remote communication module is connected to a cloud monitoring platform module, and the cloud monitoring platform module establishes a data connection with the central control module. The cloud monitoring platform module includes a data monitoring module, a curve analysis module, a fault alarm module, and a remote control module.

[0009] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the control algorithm module includes a solar trajectory calculation module, a multi-component collaborative control module, and an energy consumption balance optimization module.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the sub-item energy consumption acquisition module includes a smart meter module and a current sensor module, and the energy efficiency analysis module includes a calculation function module and an early warning function module.

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the global illumination acquisition module consists of a first pile foundation, a first column, a diagonal brace, a detection bracket and a light sensor. The first column is fixedly connected to the first pile foundation, a detection bracket is fixedly connected to one end of the first column, a light sensor is fixedly connected to the detection bracket, and a diagonal brace is fixedly connected to the first column and fixedly connected to the first pile foundation.

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the support module consists of a second pile foundation, a second column, a connecting rod, an installation bracket and a photovoltaic panel. The second column is rotatably connected to the second pile foundation, a connecting rod is rotatably connected to one end of the second column, an installation bracket is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod, and a photovoltaic panel is fixedly connected to the installation bracket.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the drive module consists of a drive motor, a reducer, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear and a brushless motor, and the drive motor is fixedly connected to the second pile foundation. The output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the reducer, the output end of the reducer is fixedly connected to the first bevel gear, the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear, and the second bevel gear is fixedly connected to the second column.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the brushless motor is fixedly connected to the second column, and the output end of the brushless motor is fixedly connected to the connecting rod.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention designs a solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system. This system, through multi-sensor collaborative detection and system-level energy consumption optimization mechanisms, significantly improves the overall energy efficiency ratio by up to 25%, increasing annual power generation by 18%~22% under the same illumination conditions. It can also monitor equipment energy consumption in real time and dynamically adjust the angle adjustment strategy to balance energy consumption and power generation gain, ensuring efficient operation under various weather conditions. The system supports single-system control of more than 1000 photovoltaic modules, achieving large-scale synchronous and coordinated angle adjustment with small errors, effectively avoiding mutual shading between modules. It is suitable for various scenarios such as large-scale ground-mounted power stations, rooftop distributed clusters, and photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses, significantly reducing system integration difficulty. It adopts "industrial Ethernet + LoRa" dual communication. The architecture features a layered fault tolerance mechanism, ensuring stable communication and high reliability in complex environments. It maintains continuous and stable operation under extreme conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, and strong winds, with an extremely low failure rate. Remote operation and maintenance are achieved through a cloud monitoring platform, which can acquire operational data and fault information in real time. Combined with automatic optimization strategies, manual intervention is reduced, significantly lowering operation and maintenance costs. Multiple light sensor arrays and solar trajectory algorithms work together to achieve dynamic and precise angle adjustment, improving accuracy by more than 60%. This effectively reduces power generation losses caused by local shading and cloud cover. The system's efficient operation not only reduces fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions but also directly improves economic benefits through increased annual power generation and reduced operation and maintenance costs. It provides strong support for the efficient, stable, and economical operation of photovoltaic power plants, promoting the construction and operation of large-scale photovoltaic projects. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a module architecture diagram of the central control module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a module architecture diagram of the control algorithm module of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a module architecture diagram of the remote communication module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a module architecture diagram of the sub-item energy consumption acquisition module of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a module architecture diagram of the energy efficiency analysis module of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the solar trajectory detection module of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the angle adjustment execution module of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a side view of the angle adjustment execution module of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a system flowchart of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Central control module; 11. Controller module; 12. Control algorithm module; 121. Solar trajectory calculation module; 122. Multi-component collaborative control module; 123. Energy consumption balance optimization module; 13. Interface module; 14. GPS module; 2. Remote communication module; 21. Industrial Ethernet module; 22. LoRa wireless communication module; 23. 4G communication module; 3. Solar trajectory detection module; 31. Global illumination acquisition module; 311. First pile foundation; 312. First column; 313. Diagonal brace; 314. Detection bracket; 315. Light sensor; 32. Trajectory parameter calculation module; 4. Energy consumption monitoring module; 41. Sub-item energy... 411. Energy Consumption Acquisition Module; 412. Smart Meter Module; 413. Current Sensor Module; 42. Energy Efficiency Analysis Module; 424. Calculation Function Module; 425. Early Warning Function Module; 5. Angle Adjustment Execution Module; 51. Drive Module; 516. Drive Motor; 517. Reducer; 518. First Bevel Gear; 519. Second Bevel Gear; 510. Brushless Motor; 52. Support Module; 520. Second Pile Foundation; 521. Second Column; 522. Connecting Rod; 523. Mounting Bracket; 524. Photovoltaic Panel; 6. Cloud Monitoring Platform Module; 61. Data Monitoring Module; 62. Curve Analysis Module; 63. Fault Alarm Module; 64. Remote Control Module. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 10An embodiment of the present invention provides a solar trajectory following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system, including a central control module 1, a remote communication module 2 connected to the central control module 1, a solar trajectory detection module 3, an energy consumption monitoring module 4, and an angle adjustment execution module 5 connected to the remote communication module 2. The central control module 1 includes a controller module 11, a control algorithm module 12, an interface module 13, and a GPS module 14. The solar trajectory detection module 3 includes a global illumination acquisition module 31 and a trajectory parameter calculation module 32. The controller module 11 adopts an industrial-grade PLC controller. The interface module 13 is used to receive analog signals from sensors and output PWM angle adjustment signals. The GPS module 14 is also included. The remote communication module 2 includes an industrial Ethernet module 21, a LoRa wireless communication module 22, and a 4G communication module 23. The energy consumption monitoring module 4 includes a sub-item energy consumption acquisition module 41 and an energy efficiency analysis module 42. The industrial Ethernet module 21 uses a Huawei S1700-24GR switch to connect the central control unit and each motor driver, with a transmission rate of 100Mbps and a communication latency of ≤10ms. The LoRa wireless communication module 22 uses a Ruimi RM08, installed at the highest point of the power station. Each gateway can cover photovoltaic modules within a 5km range, ensuring the communication stability of photovoltaic modules distributed over long distances. The 4G communication module 23 uses a Huawei ME909S-821, integrated into the central control unit, to achieve cloud monitoring. The platform module 6 handles data interaction; the angle adjustment execution module 5 includes a drive module 51 and a support module 52; the remote communication module 2 is connected to the cloud monitoring platform module 6, and the cloud monitoring platform module 6 establishes a data connection with the central control module 1. The cloud monitoring platform module 6 includes a data monitoring module 61, a curve analysis module 62, a fault alarm module 63, and a remote control module 64. The data monitoring module 61 is used to display power generation, energy consumption, and angle parameters in real time; the curve analysis module 62 is used to analyze power generation trends and energy efficiency ratio trends; the fault alarm module 63 is used to alarm for faults; and the remote control module 64 is used for remote manual control; the control algorithm module 12 includes a solar trajectory calculation module 121 and a multi-component coordination module 122. The same control module 122 and energy consumption balance optimization module 123 are included; the sub-item energy consumption acquisition module 41 includes a smart meter module 411 and a current sensor module 412, and the energy efficiency analysis module 42 includes a calculation function module 421 and an early warning function module 422; the global illumination acquisition module 31 is composed of a first pile foundation 311, a first column 312, a diagonal brace 313, a detection bracket 314 and a light sensor 315. The first column 312 is fixedly connected to the first pile foundation 311, the detection bracket 314 is fixedly connected to one end of the first column 312, the light sensor 315 is fixedly connected to the detection bracket 314, the diagonal brace 313 is fixedly connected to the first column 312, and the diagonal brace 313 is fixedly connected to the first pile foundation 311.The support module 52 consists of a second pile foundation 521, a second column 522, a connecting rod 523, a mounting bracket 524, and a photovoltaic panel 525. The second column 522 is rotatably connected to the second pile foundation 521. One end of the second column 522 is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 523. One end of the connecting rod 523 is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 524. The photovoltaic panel 525 is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 524. The drive module 51 consists of a drive motor 511, a reducer 512, a first bevel gear 513, and a second bevel gear 514. It consists of a brushless motor 515 and a drive motor 511 fixedly connected to the second pile foundation 521. A reducer 512 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 511, and a first bevel gear 513 is fixedly connected to the output end of the reducer 512. A second bevel gear 514 meshes with the first bevel gear 513 and is fixedly connected to the second column 522. The brushless motor 515 is fixedly connected to the second column 522, and its output end is fixedly connected to a connecting rod 523.

[0020] Working Principle: When using this invention for solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation, after power-on, the central control module 1 automatically acquires the latitude and longitude of the photovoltaic power station and real-time time data through the built-in GPS module 14. The solar trajectory detection module 3 loads the basic solar trajectory data for the corresponding region. The energy consumption monitoring module 4 initializes each acquisition device and completes the system parameter configuration. The global illumination acquisition module 31 consists of the first pile foundation 311, the first column 312, the diagonal brace 313, the detection bracket 314, and the light sensor 315. Among them, the light sensor 315 consists of 8 groups distributed in a ring on the detection bracket 314, with each group of sensors spaced at 45° and two meters higher than the bracket module 52. The global illumination acquisition module 31 collects the real-time illumination intensity from different directions to form a global illumination distribution map. The trajectory parameter calculation module 32 calculates the solar real-time illumination intensity based on latitude, longitude, and time. The time trajectory parameters are merged and sent to the central control module 1. The energy consumption monitoring module 4 collects the sub-item energy consumption data in real time through the smart meter module 411 and the current sensor module 412 in the sub-item energy consumption acquisition module 41. The calculation function module 421 in the energy efficiency analysis module 42 calculates the system's comprehensive energy efficiency ratio and uploads it to the central control module 1 synchronously. The early warning function module 422 is used to send an early warning signal to the central control module 1 when the energy efficiency ratio is lower than the preset threshold. The central control module 1 combines the merged illumination and trajectory data and calculates the optimal pitch angle and azimuth angle of each photovoltaic module through the control algorithm module 12. The solar trajectory calculation module 121 calculates the solar declination angle (δ), hour angle (ω), azimuth angle (A) and altitude angle (h) based on the laws of celestial motion and using latitude and longitude (φ) and time (year, month, day, hour, minute): declination angle δ=23.45×sin[360×(284+n) / 365] (n is the accumulated day of the year); hour angle ω=15×(local time−12); altitude angle h=arcsin[sinφ×sinδ+cosφ×cosδ×cosω]; azimuth angle A=arccos[(sinδ−sinφ×sinh) / (cosφ×cosh)]. The sign of the azimuth angle is determined based on the hour angle. Combined with global illumination data, the calculated trajectory parameters are corrected. If the illumination intensity of a certain azimuth is lower than 70% of the average illumination intensity, the weight of the trajectory parameter for that azimuth is reduced by 30% to avoid adjusting the angle to the shadow area. Combined with global illumination data, the calculated trajectory parameters are corrected: if the illumination intensity of a certain azimuth is lower than 70% of the average illumination intensity, the weight of the trajectory parameter for that azimuth is reduced by 30% to avoid adjusting the angle to the shadow area; multi-component collaborative control module 122 A "zonal control + synchronous command" strategy is adopted, dividing large-scale photovoltaic modules into multiple regions based on geographical location (each region ≤ 100 modules). The central control unit sends synchronous angle adjustment commands to each region, and the modules within the region simultaneously perform adjustment actions, with adjacent modules coordinating their angles: based on the module spacing (denoted as D) and module height (denoted as H), the minimum safe angle difference is calculated to ensure that the azimuth angle difference between adjacent modules is greater than arctan(H / D) to avoid shading; in the energy consumption balance optimization module 123, the system's comprehensive energy efficiency ratio E = total photovoltaic module power generation Ptotal / (motor energy consumption Pelectric + control energy consumption Pcontrol + other energy consumption Pother), with a preset energy efficiency ratio threshold E0. When E < E0, the angle adjustment interval is extended or the motor speed is reduced until E ≥ E0; when E > 15:1, the angle adjustment interval is shortened to increase power generation. The spacing between adjacent modules must be considered to avoid mutual shading after adjustment, and the shading distance is controlled to be ≥ 1.The system adjusts the angle by 5 times the component height and, based on the energy efficiency ratio data, determines whether the current angle adjustment strategy is optimal. If the energy efficiency ratio is too low, the angle adjustment frequency or motor operating parameters are adjusted. The controller module 11 in the central control module 1 sends a synchronous angle adjustment command to the angle adjustment execution module 5 via the remote communication module 2. The support module 52 consists of a second pile foundation 521, a second column 522, a connecting rod 523, a mounting bracket 524, and a photovoltaic panel 525. The drive module 51 consists of a drive motor 511, a reducer 512, a first bevel gear 513, a second bevel gear 514, and a brushless motor 515. The drive motor 511 drives the first bevel gear 513 to rotate via the reducer 512. The first bevel gear 513 drives the second bevel gear 514, which meshes with it, to rotate, thereby driving the second column 522 to rotate, realizing the azimuth angle adjustment of the mounting bracket 524 and the photovoltaic panel 525. The brushless motor... 515 drives the connecting rod 523 to rotate, thereby adjusting the pitch angle of the mounting bracket 524 and photovoltaic panel 525. After the angle adjustment is completed, the energy consumption monitoring module 4 recalculates the system's overall energy efficiency ratio. If the energy efficiency ratio increases by ≥5%, the current angle adjustment strategy is saved. If the energy efficiency ratio does not increase or decreases, the central control module 1 re-optimizes the angle parameters and performs a secondary fine-tuning. Simultaneously, the system generates an hourly energy consumption analysis report, recording the energy consumption ratio of each module, providing data support for long-term operation strategy optimization. When the angle adjustment execution module 5 experiences motor overload, angle adjustment overtravel, or other faults, the driver immediately cuts off the motor power and sends a fault signal to the central control module 1. Upon receiving the signal, the central control module 1 suspends the angle adjustment of that component and sends an alarm message to maintenance personnel through the fault alarm module 63 in the cloud monitoring platform module 6. Simultaneously, it activates the backup angle adjustment strategy to ensure that the overall system operation is not affected.

[0021] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system, comprising a central control module (1), characterized in that: The central control module (1) is connected to a remote communication module (2), and the remote communication module (2) is connected to a solar trajectory detection module (3), an energy consumption monitoring module (4), and an angle adjustment execution module (5). The central control module (1) includes a controller module (11), a control algorithm module (12), an interface module (13), and a GPS module (14). The solar trajectory detection module (3) includes a global illumination acquisition module (31) and a trajectory parameter calculation module (32).

2. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remote communication module (2) includes an industrial Ethernet module (21), a LoRa wireless communication module (22) and a 4G communication module (23), and the energy consumption monitoring module (4) includes a sub-item energy consumption acquisition module (41) and an energy efficiency analysis module (42).

3. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle adjustment execution module (5) includes a drive module (51) and a support module (52).

4. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remote communication module (2) is connected to the cloud monitoring platform module (6), and the cloud monitoring platform module (6) establishes a data connection with the central control module (1). The cloud monitoring platform module (6) includes a data monitoring module (61), a curve analysis module (62), a fault alarm module (63), and a remote control module (64).

5. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control algorithm module (12) includes a solar trajectory calculation module (121), a multi-component collaborative control module (122), and an energy consumption balance optimization module (123).

6. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sub-item energy consumption acquisition module (41) includes a smart meter module (411) and a current sensor module (412), and the energy efficiency analysis module (42) includes a calculation function module (421) and an early warning function module (422).

7. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The global illumination acquisition module (31) consists of a first pile foundation (311), a first column (312), a diagonal brace (313), a detection bracket (314), and a light sensor (315). The first column (312) is fixedly connected to the first pile foundation (311), and the detection bracket (314) is fixedly connected to one end of the first column (312). The light sensor (315) is fixedly connected to the detection bracket (314), and the diagonal brace (313) is fixedly connected to the first column (312). The diagonal brace (313) is fixedly connected to the first pile foundation (311).

8. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support module (52) consists of a second pile foundation (521), a second column (522), a connecting rod (523), an installation bracket (524), and a photovoltaic panel (525). The second column (522) is rotatably connected to the second pile foundation (521). One end of the second column (522) is rotatably connected to the connecting rod (523). One end of the connecting rod (523) is fixedly connected to the installation bracket (524). The photovoltaic panel (525) is fixedly connected to the installation bracket (524).

9. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drive module (51) consists of a drive motor (511), a reducer (512), a first bevel gear (513), a second bevel gear (514), and a brushless motor (515). The drive motor (511) is fixedly connected to the second pile foundation (521). The output end of the drive motor (511) is fixedly connected to the reducer (512). The output end of the reducer (512) is fixedly connected to the first bevel gear (513). The first bevel gear (513) is meshed with the second bevel gear (514), and the second bevel gear (514) is fixedly connected to the second column (522).

10. The solar trajectory-following photovoltaic module angle adaptive power generation system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The brushless motor (515) is fixedly connected to the second column (522), and the output end of the brushless motor (515) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (523).

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