Arrangement strategy evaluation method and device for high-voltage and low-voltage wire harnesses

Abstract

The invention discloses an arrangement strategy evaluation method and device for high and low voltage wire harnesses, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle wire harness design. The arrangement strategy evaluation method comprises the following steps: constructing a frequency domain coupling model of a high-voltage wire harness and a low-voltage wire harness to generate an arrangement strategy; extracting a scattering parameter matrix according to the frequency domain coupling model, wherein the scattering parameter matrix represents coupling path transmission characteristics; performing coupling attenuation simulation according to the scattering parameter matrix to obtain coupling attenuation data; determining a coupling risk according to the coupling attenuation data; under the condition that the coupling risk is higher than a preset risk threshold value, adjusting an arrangement strategy of the frequency domain coupling model so as to carry out iterative optimization on the coupling attenuation data; and under the condition that the coupling risk is lower than a preset risk threshold value, outputting a current arrangement strategy. Coupling attenuation data are obtained by constructing a frequency domain coupling model and extracting scattering parameter matrix quantization coupling path characteristics, accurate analysis of coupling characteristics is achieved, risks are pre-judged in the early stage of design, and later rectification is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle wiring harness design technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for evaluating the layout strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of vehicle electrification and intelligence, the complexity of vehicle wiring harness systems has increased significantly. In particular, the evolution of high-voltage systems from 400V to 800V and even higher voltage levels has drastically increased the risk of electromagnetic interference. High-frequency noise from high-voltage wiring harnesses can couple to low-voltage wiring harnesses through conduction or radiation, leading to a deterioration in the signal-to-noise ratio of sensitive signals, causing system malfunctions or excessive radiated emissions, directly affecting the performance of the entire vehicle. Therefore, coupling interference between high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses is a factor that needs to be analyzed during vehicle design.

[0003] Related technologies primarily involve constructing a complete vehicle electromagnetic model, high and low voltage wiring harness models, or three-dimensional models of high-voltage electrical equipment. After adding boundary conditions and excitations, transmission parameters are solved, and risks are assessed or test recommendations are given based on coupling voltage or current. However, this approach relies on a physical model of the entire vehicle or precise circuit data. It is relatively slow in detecting coupling interference of high and low voltage wiring harnesses, making it difficult to meet the risk prediction needs of high and low voltage wiring harness layout strategies in the early stages of design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method and apparatus for evaluating the layout strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses, aiming to solve the problem in related technologies that it is difficult to meet the risk prediction requirements of the layout strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses in the early stage of design.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for evaluating the layout strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses. The method includes the following steps: Construct a frequency domain coupling model for high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses to generate a layout strategy; The scattering parameter matrix is ​​extracted based on the frequency domain coupling model, and the scattering parameter matrix characterizes the transmission characteristics of the coupling path. Coupled attenuation simulation was performed based on the scattering parameter matrix to obtain coupled attenuation data; Determine coupling risk based on coupling attenuation data; If the coupling risk exceeds a preset risk threshold, adjust the layout strategy of the frequency domain coupling model to iteratively optimize the coupling attenuation data. If the coupling risk is below a preset risk threshold, output the current layout strategy.

[0006] In some embodiments, the step of constructing a frequency domain coupling model of the high-voltage harness and the low-voltage harness includes: A parametric structural model is constructed based on the geometric and electrical parameters of the high-voltage and low-voltage wire harnesses. The geometric parameters include at least one of the following: wire harness spacing, parallel length, wire diameter, and shielding layer thickness. A frequency domain coupling model is established based on the parameterized structure model.

[0007] In some embodiments, the frequency domain coupling model includes a transmission line model, a three-dimensional full-wave simulation model, and a circuit port model; The steps for establishing a frequency domain coupling model based on a parametric structural model include: Key frequency band ranges are delineated on a parameterized structural model based on the transmission line model; A metal reference plane is constructed based on a three-dimensional full-wave simulation model to simulate the metal structure of the vehicle body where the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses are located. Set boundary conditions on the metal reference plane; The parametric structural model and the metal reference plane are divided into a mesh structure; Port information for high-voltage and low-voltage wire harnesses is defined based on the circuit port model.

[0008] In some embodiments, the step of extracting the scattering parameter matrix based on the frequency domain coupling model includes: Electromagnetic signals within the critical frequency band are injected into the injection port of the high-voltage line harness. The signal response of each port of the high-voltage and low-voltage line harness is calculated based on full-band sweep frequency simulation to obtain the scattering parameter matrix.

[0009] In some embodiments, the step of performing coupling attenuation simulation based on the scattering parameter matrix to obtain coupling attenuation data includes: Based on the scattering parameter matrix and the coupling attenuation formula, coupling attenuation simulation is performed to obtain coupling attenuation data.

[0010] In some embodiments, the coupling attenuation data includes near-end coupling attenuation data and far-end coupling attenuation data; Based on the scattering parameter matrix and the near-end coupling attenuation formula, coupling attenuation simulation is performed to obtain near-end coupling attenuation data. The near-end coupling attenuation data is used to characterize the coupling characteristics between the injection port of the high-voltage harness and the near-end port of the low-voltage harness. Based on the scattering parameter matrix and the far-end coupling attenuation formula, coupling attenuation simulation is performed to obtain far-end coupling attenuation data. The far-end coupling attenuation data is used to characterize the coupling characteristics between the injection port of the high-voltage harness and the far-end port of the low-voltage harness.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of determining coupling risk based on coupling attenuation data includes: The coupling attenuation data is compared with the standard limit in real time, the difference between the coupling attenuation data and the standard limit is calculated, and the coupling risk is classified according to the difference.

[0012] In some embodiments, prior to the step of constructing the frequency domain coupling model of the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses, the deployment strategy evaluation method further includes: Based on the design rule base, the coupling risks of high-voltage and low-voltage wire harnesses are initially determined. The design rule base includes a coupling relationship matrix table of high and low voltage wire harnesses, which is used to store the layout strategies of high and low voltage wire harnesses and the corresponding coupling risks.

[0013] In some embodiments, after determining the coupling risk based on coupling attenuation data, the deployment strategy evaluation method further includes: The layout strategies for high and low voltage harnesses and the corresponding coupling risks are stored in the design rule base.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a device for evaluating the layout strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses. The device includes: The model building module is used to build frequency domain coupling models of high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses to generate layout strategies. The parameter extraction module is used to extract the scattering parameter matrix based on the frequency domain coupling model. The scattering parameter matrix characterizes the transmission characteristics of the coupling path. The coupling attenuation simulation module is used to perform coupling attenuation simulation based on the scattering parameter matrix and obtain coupling attenuation data. The risk assessment module is used to determine the coupling risk based on the coupling attenuation data; if the coupling risk is higher than the preset risk threshold, the layout strategy of the frequency domain coupling model is adjusted to iteratively optimize the coupling attenuation data; if the coupling risk is lower than the preset risk threshold, the current layout strategy is output.

[0015] This application constructs a frequency domain coupling model and extracts scattering parameter matrices to quantify coupling path characteristics and obtain coupling attenuation data. This enables accurate analysis of the coupling characteristics of high and low voltage harnesses. It allows for early-stage risk prediction without relying on a complete physical model of the vehicle or precise circuit data, thus avoiding later rectification. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a method for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses provided in this disclosure. Figure 2This is another flowchart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of a method for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of high and low voltage harnesses, which is a method for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage harnesses according to an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the test apparatus layout for an evaluation method of high and low voltage wiring harness layout strategy provided by an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 This is an example curve of the coupling attenuation standard limit of a method for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage harnesses provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high- and low-voltage wiring harness arrangement strategy evaluation device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0018] Explanation of icon numbers: 100. High-voltage wiring harness; 101. First port; 102. Second port; 200. Low-voltage wiring harness; 201. Third port; 204. Fourth port; 300. Test apparatus; 301. Test piece; 302. Support base; 303. High-voltage adapter; 304. Low-voltage adapter; 305. Coaxial measurement cable connector; 306. Network analyzer calibration reference plane; 307. Coaxial cable; 308. Grounding plane; 309. Grounding connector; 310. Network analyzer; 400. Layout strategy evaluation device; 401. Model building module; 402. Parameter extraction module; 403. Coupling attenuation simulation module; 404. Risk assessment module. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] "A and / or B" includes the following three combinations: A only, B only, and a combination of A and B.

[0022] The use of "applies to" or "configured to" in this application implies open and inclusive language, which does not exclude the applicability to or configuration to devices performing additional tasks or steps. Additionally, the use of "based on" implies openness and inclusivity, because processes, steps, calculations, or other actions "based on" one or more of the stated conditions or values ​​may in practice be based on additional conditions or values ​​beyond those stated.

[0023] In this application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration, or description." Any embodiment described as "exemplary" in this application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use this application. Details are set forth in the following description for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will recognize that this application can be made without using these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the description of this application with unnecessary detail. Therefore, this application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0024] Firstly, this embodiment provides a method for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the deployment strategy evaluation method includes the following steps: S101. Construct a frequency domain coupling model for high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses to generate a layout strategy.

[0025] High-voltage wiring harnesses are those with voltages above 60V, reaching 400V-800V in high-voltage systems. They are used in electric drive systems, such as battery systems, motor systems, or electronic control systems, to meet the demands of high-power energy transmission. Low-voltage wiring harnesses are those with voltages below 60V, such as 12V or 24V harnesses, used to power low-voltage devices such as instruments, headlights, and ECUs (Electronic Control Units). The frequency domain coupling model defines the structural models of high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses through parameter definition and uses a field-circuit co-simulation method to construct a wide-band frequency domain coupling model of high and low-voltage wiring harnesses. This model does not rely on complete 3D data and can initially generate layout strategies without physical prototypes. This allows for prediction of wiring harness coupling risks in the early design stage and enables dynamic parameter adjustment, laying the foundation for subsequent iterative optimization.

[0026] S102. Extract the scattering parameter matrix based on the frequency domain coupling model. The scattering parameter matrix characterizes the transmission characteristics of the coupling path.

[0027] The scattering parameter matrix is ​​a matrix that describes the signal reflection and transmission characteristics in a multi-port network. The coupling path transmission characteristics are the transmission efficiency and intensity laws of electromagnetic interference from high-voltage wire harnesses coupled to low-voltage wire harnesses through spatial radiation or conduction.

[0028] Traditional coupling analysis can only qualitatively determine the existence of interference, but it cannot quantify the transmission patterns of the coupling path, resulting in a lack of basis for subsequent attenuation calculations and risk assessments. This embodiment transforms the abstract coupling relationship into a quantifiable scattering parameter matrix, providing input data for coupling attenuation calculations, reducing analysis errors, and improving the reliability of subsequent simulations.

[0029] S103. Perform coupling attenuation simulation based on the scattering parameter matrix to obtain coupling attenuation data.

[0030] Coupling attenuation data is used to quantify the degree of coupling interference between standard high-voltage harnesses and low-voltage harnesses, providing a unified quantitative basis for subsequent determination of coupling risks.

[0031] S104. Determine coupling risk based on coupling attenuation data.

[0032] Coupling risk is the possibility that the coupling interference between the high-voltage harness and the low-voltage harness exceeds the standard limit. The level of coupling risk is determined by coupling attenuation data.

[0033] Traditional risk assessment relies on engineers' experience, which is highly subjective and makes it difficult to accurately classify risk levels or pinpoint high-risk frequency bands. This embodiment determines coupling risk through coupling attenuation data, using precise quantitative data to classify risk levels, replacing the subjectivity of experience-based judgment, and providing direction for optimizing subsequent deployment strategies.

[0034] S105. When the coupling risk is higher than the preset risk threshold, adjust the layout strategy of the frequency domain coupling model to iteratively optimize the coupling attenuation data.

[0035] When the coupling risk exceeds the risk threshold, it indicates a high probability that the coupling interference from the high-voltage harness to the low-voltage harness exceeds the standard limit, necessitating a reduction in coupling risk. By modifying the parameters in the frequency domain coupling model's layout strategy, re-simulating, updating the coupling attenuation data, and re-assessing the risk, the coupling attenuation data is iteratively optimized step by step, gradually reducing the coupling risk. This approach avoids the lengthy cycle of subsequent physical rectification, shortening the design iteration time.

[0036] S106. If the coupling risk is lower than the preset risk threshold, output the current layout strategy.

[0037] The wiring harness layout that meets the risk threshold requirements after iterative optimization is solidified into a standardized and executable design scheme. The output layout strategy is both compliant and practical and can be directly applied to engineering design.

[0038] This application also provides another method for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the deployment strategy evaluation method includes the following steps: S201. Based on the design rule base, the coupling risk of high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses is preliminarily determined.

[0039] The design rule base is a knowledge base that stores relevant experience and data on high and low voltage harness design. The design rule base contains layout strategies, risk assessment criteria, or parameter optimization cases that have been verified by simulation or tested by engineering time, and can be dynamically iteratively optimized.

[0040] The design rule base includes a coupling relationship matrix table for high- and low-voltage wiring harnesses. This matrix table stores the layout strategies for high- and low-voltage wiring harnesses and the corresponding coupling risks. The coupling relationship matrix table links combinations of layout strategies for high- and low-voltage wiring harnesses and their corresponding coupling risks in matrix form, such as high-voltage wiring harness type, low-voltage wiring harness type, layout parameters, and coupling risk level.

[0041] In the early stages of design, the lack of historical experience and data support makes it difficult to quickly predict the potential coupling risks of high and low voltage harnesses. This leads to a certain degree of blindness in the initial layout scheme, resulting in a large amount of repetitive work in subsequent simulation and optimization, a long design cycle, and low efficiency. At the same time, the experience in traditional design is difficult to reuse, and different designers have subjective differences in their judgment of risks, which affects the consistency of the design.

[0042] The coupling relationship matrix table in the design rule base pre-stores various high- and low-voltage harness combinations, corresponding layout strategies, and coupling risk results. In the initial design phase, there's no need to initiate complex frequency domain coupling modeling and simulation. Simply by matching and querying the coupling relationship matrix table based on the type of high-voltage harness, the sensitivity of the low-voltage harness, and the initially proposed layout parameters, the corresponding historical coupling risk records can be quickly extracted, allowing for a preliminary assessment of the potential risk level of the current harness combination and layout scheme. The coupling relationship matrix table can be continuously supplemented and improved based on subsequent simulation results and engineering verification data, constantly enhancing the accuracy of the initial risk assessment.

[0043] Coupling relationship matrices allow for early prediction of coupling risks during the design phase, shortening risk assessment time and improving design efficiency. The structured data in these matrices facilitates reuse, reduces the randomness of initial layout strategies, ensures design consistency, and avoids judgment biases caused by differences in the subjective experience of different designers.

[0044] S202. Construct a parametric structural model based on the geometric and electrical parameters of the high-voltage and low-voltage wire harnesses.

[0045] The parameterized structural model is a dynamically adjustable harness model built based on key quantifiable parameters. By defining or adjusting the geometric and electrical parameters, parameter modification and scheme iteration can be achieved without reconstructing the model.

[0046] Geometric parameters are quantitative indicators used to characterize the physical form and arrangement relationship of high and low voltage wire harnesses. They include at least one of wire harness spacing, parallel length, wire diameter, and shielding layer thickness. Wire harness spacing is the distance between the central axes of the high and low voltage wire harnesses. Parallel length is the length of the high and low voltage wire harnesses arranged in parallel in the same direction. Wire diameter is the conductor diameter of the high voltage wire harness or the low voltage wire harness. Shielding layer thickness is the radial thickness of the shielding layer of the high voltage wire harness or the low voltage wire harness.

[0047] Electrical parameters are quantitative indicators used to characterize the electromagnetic properties of high and low voltage wiring harnesses, including at least one of the following: conductor conductivity, dielectric constant of insulating medium, grounding method of shielding layer, characteristic impedance, and port matching parameters.

[0048] Traditional wiring harness modeling relies on a complete 3D model of the vehicle with fixed parameters that cannot be flexibly adjusted. If the layout needs to be modified, the model needs to be reconstructed, which is inefficient. Furthermore, traditional models cannot focus on the relationship between core parameters and coupling characteristics.

[0049] This embodiment is based on the CST (Computer Simulation Technology) simulation platform. First, the functional requirements of the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses in the current project are clarified, such as the voltage level of the high-voltage harness and the sensitivity of the low-voltage harness. Key geometric and electrical parameters are then selected and defined. Next, a model framework is constructed based on the logical relationships between the parameters. Geometric parameters determine the physical shape and spatial relationship of the wiring harness, while electrical parameters determine its electromagnetic transmission characteristics. Finally, a parametric structural model is formed that can be directly adjusted by modifying the parameters, accurately reproducing the core structure and electromagnetic characteristics of the wiring harness without relying on complete 3D data. During subsequent simulations, geometric or electrical parameters can be modified in real time, facilitating rapid iteration.

[0050] S203. Establish a frequency domain coupling model based on the parameterized structural model to generate a layout strategy.

[0051] The frequency domain coupling model includes a transmission line model, a three-dimensional full-wave simulation model, and a circuit port model, which can accurately characterize the electromagnetic coupling characteristics of high- and low-voltage wiring harnesses within a wide frequency band of 0–1 GHz. Specifically, the transmission line model describes the propagation and coupling laws of electromagnetic signals between the wiring harnesses; the three-dimensional full-wave simulation model is used to construct an equivalent model of the vehicle's metal structure and to perform mesh generation and boundary condition setting; and the circuit port model defines the port information of the high- and low-voltage wiring harnesses.

[0052] The steps for establishing a frequency domain coupling model include dividing the critical frequency band range on the parameterized structural model based on the transmission line model. The critical frequency band range is divided according to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards, such as the limits and measurement methods for protecting vehicle-mounted receivers using radio interference characteristics of vehicles, ships, and internal combustion engines, which divide the key analysis frequency band into 0~1GHz.

[0053] A metal reference plane is constructed based on a 3D full-wave simulation model to simulate the metal structure of the vehicle body where high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses are located. Boundary conditions are set on the metal reference plane. The parametric structural model and the metal reference plane are divided into mesh structures. The metal reference plane is the equivalent plane simulating the metal structure of the vehicle body, such as the frame or sheet metal parts. Key parameters such as thickness, distance from the wiring harness, and conductivity need to be defined to reproduce the actual working environment of the wiring harness. The boundary conditions are the constraints set by the 3D full-wave simulation model, including radial boundaries and symmetric boundaries. Radial boundaries are used to simulate electromagnetic propagation in infinite space, and appropriate boundary distances are set based on actual dimensions. Symmetric boundaries are used to reduce computational load by utilizing structural symmetry. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation calculation, the model is discretized. The wiring harness region uses a 2D-TL mesh, and the metal reference plane region uses a regular hexahedral mesh.

[0054] Port information for high-voltage and low-voltage wire harnesses is defined based on a circuit port model. This port information includes the number, location, type, drive characteristics, and load parameters of the high- and low-voltage wire harnesses.

[0055] S204. Extract the scattering parameter matrix based on the frequency domain coupling model. The scattering parameter matrix characterizes the transmission characteristics of the coupling path.

[0056] The scattering parameter matrix is ​​a matrix that describes the signal reflection and transmission characteristics in a multi-port network. The coupling path transmission characteristics are the transmission efficiency and intensity laws of electromagnetic interference from high-voltage wire harnesses coupled to low-voltage wire harnesses through spatial radiation or conduction.

[0057] like Figure 3 The diagram shows the arrangement of high and low voltage wiring harnesses. The high voltage wiring harness 100 is parallel to the low voltage wiring harness 200. The two ends of the high voltage wiring harness 100 are the first port 101 and the second port 102, respectively. The two ends of the low voltage wiring harness 200 are the third port 201 and the fourth port 204, respectively. The first port 101 and the third port 201 are on the same side, and the second port 102 and the fourth port 204 are on the same side. The first port 101 is the injection port of the high voltage wiring harness 100, which is used to inject standard electromagnetic signals to simulate the high-frequency switching noise generated when the high voltage equipment is working. The third port 201 is the near-end port of the low voltage wiring harness 200, and the fourth port 204 is the far-end port of the low voltage wiring harness 200.

[0058] The scattering parameter matrix includes parameters S31 and S41. S31 represents the coupling transmission coefficient between the injection port of the high-voltage harness 100 and the near-end port of the low-voltage harness 200, and S41 represents the coupling transmission coefficient between the injection port of the high-voltage harness 100 and the far-end port of the low-voltage harness 200.

[0059] Electromagnetic signals within the critical frequency band are injected into the injection port of the high-voltage harness 100. Based on full-band frequency sweep simulation, the signal response of each port of the high-voltage harness 100 and the low-voltage harness 200 is calculated. The reflected wave and transmitted wave signals generated by the excitation after the electromagnetic signal is injected into each port are obtained, and the scattering parameter matrix is ​​calculated.

[0060] By transforming the abstract coupling path transmission characteristics into a quantized scattering parameter matrix, the coupling strength and phase relationship between ports under different frequency bands are characterized, providing data input for subsequent steps and improving the reliability of risk assessment and strategy optimization. S205. Perform coupling attenuation simulation based on the scattering parameter matrix to obtain coupling attenuation data.

[0061] Based on the scattering parameter matrix and the coupling attenuation formula, coupling attenuation simulation is performed to obtain coupling attenuation data.

[0062] The coupling attenuation formula is Where 1 represents the port of the high-voltage harness and 2 represents the measurement port of the low-voltage harness.

[0063] The layout diagram of the low-voltage wiring harness is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the test piece 301 rests on a support 302, which is made of a material with a low relative permittivity, for example, a relative permittivity less than or equal to 1.4 and a thickness of 50 mm. A high-voltage adapter 303 and a low-voltage adapter 304 are connected to the two ends of the test piece 301, respectively. The high-voltage adapter 303 and the low-voltage adapter 304 are connected to a coaxial measurement cable connector 305. A network analyzer calibration reference plane 306 is positioned between the high-voltage adapter 303 and the low-voltage adapter 304 and the coaxial measurement cable connector 305. The coaxial measurement cable connector 305 is connected to the network analyzer 310 via a coaxial cable 307. The test piece 301 is connected to the ground plane 308 via a ground connector 309.

[0064] In one embodiment, coupling attenuation simulation is performed based on the near-end coupling attenuation formula according to the scattering parameter matrix to obtain near-end coupling attenuation data. The near-end coupling attenuation data is used to characterize the coupling characteristics between the injection port of the high-voltage harness 100 and the near-end port of the low-voltage harness 200.

[0065] The formula for near-end coupling attenuation is: .

[0066] Based on the scattering parameter matrix and the far-end coupling attenuation formula, coupling attenuation simulation is performed to obtain far-end coupling attenuation data. The far-end coupling attenuation data is used to characterize the coupling characteristics between the injection port of the high-voltage harness and the far-end port of the low-voltage harness.

[0067] The formula for far-end coupling attenuation is: .

[0068] The scattering parameter matrix is ​​calculated in real time based on the coupling attenuation formula to obtain the corresponding coupling attenuation data, eliminating the need for manual post-processing. The coupling attenuation data can be represented as a curve, such as a coupling attenuation curve, for easy observation.

[0069] S206. Determine coupling risk based on coupling attenuation data.

[0070] The coupling attenuation data is compared with the standard limit in real time, the difference between the coupling attenuation data and the standard limit is calculated, and the coupling risk is classified according to the difference.

[0071] The standard limit is the minimum required value for coupling attenuation based on standards or company-defined criteria, such as... Figure 5 The following table shows examples of standard limits for coupling attenuation in grades A1-A5: Table 1. Examples of Standard Limits

[0072] Coupling risk is categorized into three levels—high, medium, and low—based on the difference between coupling attenuation data and standard limits, clearly defining the severity of interference exceeding the limit. By quantifying the difference to replace subjective experience-based judgment, a unified risk assessment standard is established, human error is avoided, and the objectivity and accuracy of coupling risk assessment are improved.

[0073] S207. When the coupling risk is higher than the preset risk threshold, adjust the layout strategy of the frequency domain coupling model to iteratively optimize the coupling attenuation data.

[0074] When the coupling risk exceeds the risk threshold, it indicates a high probability that the coupling interference from the high-voltage harness to the low-voltage harness exceeds the standard limit, necessitating a reduction in coupling risk. By modifying the parameters in the frequency domain coupling model's layout strategy, re-simulating, updating the coupling attenuation data, and re-assessing the risk, the coupling attenuation data is iteratively optimized step by step, gradually reducing the coupling risk. This approach avoids the lengthy cycle of subsequent physical rectification, shortening the design iteration time.

[0075] S208. If the coupling risk is lower than the preset risk threshold, output the current layout strategy.

[0076] The iteration process stops when the coupling attenuation data across the entire frequency band meets the preset risk threshold. The final layout parameters are extracted from the frequency domain coupling model, and combined with key conclusions from the simulation process, a structured and executable layout measurement is generated. The output layout strategy is both compliant and practical, with clearly defined parameters and a clear process, directly guiding engineering design and harness layout.

[0077] S209. Store the layout strategy of high and low voltage harnesses and the corresponding coupling risks in the design rule base.

[0078] By storing the layout strategies of high and low voltage harnesses and the corresponding coupling risks in the design rule base, the design experience can be structurally accumulated and reused. Subsequent similar projects can directly retrieve compliant solutions from the rule base, which greatly shortens the initial design and risk assessment time. The continuously updated design rule base improves the design accuracy of subsequent projects.

[0079] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a device 400 for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the deployment strategy evaluation device 400 includes a model building module 401, a parameter extraction module 402, a coupling attenuation simulation module 403, and a risk assessment module 404.

[0080] The model building module 401 is used to construct frequency domain coupling models of high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses to generate layout strategies. The frequency domain coupling model defines the structural models of the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses through parameter definition and employs a field-circuit co-simulation method to construct a wide-band frequency domain coupling model of the high and low-voltage wiring harnesses. It does not rely on complete 3D data and can initially generate layout strategies without physical prototypes, predicting wiring harness coupling risks in the early design stage. Furthermore, parameters can be dynamically adjusted, laying the foundation for subsequent iterative optimization.

[0081] The parameter extraction module 402 is used to extract the scattering parameter matrix based on the frequency domain coupling model. The scattering parameter matrix characterizes the transmission characteristics of the coupling path. The scattering parameter matrix is ​​a matrix describing the signal reflection and transmission characteristics in a multi-port network. The coupling path transmission characteristics are the transmission efficiency and intensity law of electromagnetic interference from high-voltage line harnesses coupled to low-voltage line harnesses through spatial radiation or conduction.

[0082] The coupling attenuation simulation module 403 is used to perform coupling attenuation simulation based on the scattering parameter matrix to obtain coupling attenuation data. This data is used to quantify the degree of coupling interference from the standard high-voltage line harness to the low-voltage line harness, providing a unified quantitative basis for subsequent coupling risk assessment.

[0083] The risk assessment module 404 is used to determine the coupling risk based on the coupling attenuation data; if the coupling risk is higher than the preset risk threshold, the arrangement strategy of the frequency domain coupling model is adjusted to iteratively optimize the coupling attenuation data; if the coupling risk is lower than the preset risk threshold, the current arrangement strategy is output.

[0084] Traditional risk assessment relies heavily on engineer experience, which is subjective and makes it difficult to accurately classify risk levels or pinpoint high-risk frequency bands. This embodiment determines coupling risk through coupling attenuation data, using precise quantitative data to classify risk levels and replace the subjectivity of experience-based judgment, providing direction for subsequent optimization of layout strategies. When the coupling risk exceeds the risk threshold, it indicates a high probability that the coupling interference from the high-voltage harness to the low-voltage harness exceeds standard limits, requiring a reduction in coupling risk. By modifying the parameters in the layout strategy of the frequency domain coupling model, re-simulating, updating the coupling attenuation data, and re-assessing the risk, the coupling attenuation data is iteratively optimized step by step, gradually reducing the coupling risk. This avoids the lengthy cycle of subsequent physical rectification and shortens the design iteration time. The harness layout that meets the risk threshold requirements after iterative optimization is solidified into a standardized and executable design scheme. The output layout strategy is both compliant and practical, and can be directly applied to engineering design.

[0085] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0086] The above provides a detailed description of a method and apparatus for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses provided in the embodiments of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the layout strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses, characterized in that, The deployment strategy evaluation method includes the following steps: Construct a frequency domain coupling model for high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses to generate a layout strategy; The scattering parameter matrix is ​​extracted based on the frequency domain coupling model, and the scattering parameter matrix characterizes the transmission characteristics of the coupling path. Based on the scattering parameter matrix, a coupling attenuation simulation is performed to obtain coupling attenuation data; Determine coupling risk based on the coupling attenuation data; If the coupling risk exceeds a preset risk threshold, the arrangement strategy of the frequency domain coupling model is adjusted to iteratively optimize the coupling attenuation data. If the coupling risk is lower than a preset risk threshold, the current arrangement strategy is output.

2. The layout strategy evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for constructing a frequency domain coupling model of high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses include: A parametric structural model is constructed based on the geometric and electrical parameters of the high-voltage and low-voltage wire harnesses. The geometric parameters include at least one of wire harness spacing, parallel length, wire diameter, and shielding layer thickness. The frequency domain coupling model is established based on the parameterized structure model.

3. The layout strategy evaluation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frequency domain coupling model includes a transmission line model, a three-dimensional full-wave simulation model, and a circuit port model; The steps for establishing the frequency domain coupling model based on the parameterized structure model include: Based on the transmission line model, key frequency band ranges are divided on the parameterized structure model; A metal reference plane is constructed based on a three-dimensional full-wave simulation model to simulate the metal structure of the vehicle body where the high-voltage wiring harness and the low-voltage wiring harness are located. Boundary conditions are set on the metal reference plane; The parameterized structural model and the metal reference plane are divided into a mesh structure; The port information of the high-voltage harness and the low-voltage harness is defined based on the circuit port model.

4. The layout strategy evaluation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The steps for extracting the scattering parameter matrix based on the frequency domain coupling model include: An electromagnetic signal within the critical frequency band is injected into the injection port of the high-voltage line harness. The signal response of each port of the high-voltage line harness and the low-voltage line harness is calculated based on full-band frequency sweep simulation to obtain the scattering parameter matrix.

5. The layout strategy evaluation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The steps for performing coupling attenuation simulation based on the scattering parameter matrix to obtain coupling attenuation data include: Based on the scattering parameter matrix, coupling attenuation simulation is performed using the coupling attenuation formula to obtain coupling attenuation data.

6. The layout strategy evaluation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The coupling attenuation data includes near-end coupling attenuation data and far-end coupling attenuation data; Based on the scattering parameter matrix, a coupling attenuation simulation is performed using the near-end coupling attenuation formula to obtain the near-end coupling attenuation data. The near-end coupling attenuation data is used to characterize the coupling characteristics between the injection port of the high-voltage harness and the near-end port of the low-voltage harness. Based on the scattering parameter matrix, coupling attenuation simulation is performed using the far-end coupling attenuation formula to obtain the far-end coupling attenuation data. The far-end coupling attenuation data is used to characterize the coupling characteristics between the injection port of the high-voltage harness and the far-end port of the low-voltage harness.

7. The layout strategy evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for determining coupling risk based on the coupling attenuation data include: The coupling attenuation data is compared with the standard limit in real time, the difference between the coupling attenuation data and the standard limit is calculated, and the coupling risk is classified according to the difference.

8. The layout strategy evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Prior to the step of constructing the frequency domain coupling model of the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses, the layout strategy evaluation method further includes: The coupling risks of the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses are initially determined based on the design rule base. The design rule base includes a coupling relationship matrix table of the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses, which is used to store the arrangement strategies of the high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses and the corresponding coupling risks.

9. The layout strategy evaluation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, After determining the coupling risk based on the coupling attenuation data, the deployment strategy evaluation method further includes: The arrangement strategy of the high and low voltage harnesses and the corresponding coupling risks are stored in the design rule base.

10. A device for evaluating the arrangement strategy of high and low voltage wiring harnesses, characterized in that, The layout strategy evaluation device includes: The model building module is used to build frequency domain coupling models of high-voltage and low-voltage wiring harnesses to generate layout strategies. The parameter extraction module is used to extract a scattering parameter matrix based on the frequency domain coupling model, wherein the scattering parameter matrix characterizes the transmission characteristics of the coupling path. The coupling attenuation simulation module is used to perform coupling attenuation simulation based on the scattering parameter matrix to obtain coupling attenuation data. The risk assessment module is used to determine the coupling risk based on the coupling attenuation data; if the coupling risk is higher than a preset risk threshold, adjust the arrangement strategy of the frequency domain coupling model to iteratively optimize the coupling attenuation data; if the coupling risk is lower than the preset risk threshold, output the current arrangement strategy.

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