Super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panel and preparation method of super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating

Abstract

The invention provides a super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating for a photovoltaic panel and a preparation method of the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating, and belongs to the field of self-cleaning materials. The super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating for the photovoltaic panel, disclosed by the invention, is prepared from modified nano silicon dioxide particles, nano titanium dioxide, an antibacterial agent, epoxy resin, a curing agent and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane. According to the super-hydrophobic self-cleaning coating for the photovoltaic panel, a micro-nano coarse structure constructed by the modified nano silicon dioxide and low surface energy of the hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane are utilized; the super-hydrophobic performance is realized, so that water and stains are difficult to adhere, and the self-cleaning capability is realized; the nitrogen-doped silver-loaded titanium dioxide and the nano-zinc oxide have a synergistic effect, so that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency is greatly improved, organic pollutants are efficiently decomposed, meanwhile, bacteria can be effectively inhibited, and biological pollution is reduced. The coating has the properties of super-hydrophobicity, self-cleaning, photocatalytic degradation, bacteriostasis and the like, the power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic panel is remarkably improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of self-cleaning materials, specifically to a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, solar energy has become the most popular renewable energy source, and photovoltaic (PV) modules offer a relatively economical and efficient method of power generation. However, PV panels, when exposed to the outdoor environment for extended periods, easily accumulate dust, bird droppings, microorganisms, and other pollutants on their surfaces, leading to decreased light transmittance. The power generation efficiency of PV modules decreases due to the accumulation of these contaminants on the panel surface. Furthermore, the distribution of pollutants on the PV panel surface is often uneven, with some areas severely shaded while surrounding areas receive normal sunlight. This shading effect creates dead zones that are highly susceptible to "hot spot effects." Prolonged exposure to hot spots gradually degrades the performance of the semiconductor materials inside the PV cells, causing irreversible damage to the cells, significantly shortening the lifespan of the PV modules, and increasing the operation and maintenance costs and safety risks of the power plant.

[0003] To ensure the long-term stable operation of photovoltaic panels, applying functional coatings to the panel surface has become an important method. However, existing coatings suffer from problems such as short lifespan, low adhesion, low light transmittance, poor self-cleaning ability, and significant environmental pollution from organic diluents. In complex outdoor environments, they cannot withstand long-term ultraviolet radiation, temperature and humidity changes, and chemical corrosion, easily leading to coating aging and peeling. In addition, most coatings only focus on hydrophobic properties. Although they can remove some dust through water droplet rolling, they lack the ability to decompose pollutants such as bird droppings and bacteria, resulting in long-term pollutant residues that affect power generation performance. Alternatively, they may focus on photocatalytic properties, which can degrade pollutants attached to the photovoltaic panel, but due to their limited hydrophobic properties, some pollutants will still remain, leading to microbial growth and affecting power generation efficiency.

[0004] Patent CN119614027A discloses a photovoltaic self-cleaning, dust-proof, and anti-reflective nano-coating and its application method. The nanomaterial comprises the following components: amorphous silica, deionized water, polyethylene glycol, and a surfactant. First, silica is added to deionized water and heated and stirred to obtain a suspension. Then, a mixed solution of polyethylene glycol and surfactant is added to the suspension. After complete mixing, the mixture is cooled to obtain the final coating product. This coating is suitable for surfaces such as photovoltaic glass and photovoltaic panels. Through the action of the nano-coating, the surface possesses self-cleaning, dust-proof, and anti-reflective functions, effectively protecting the glass surface and improving power generation efficiency. However, its coating durability, ability to decompose complex pollutants, and adhesion to the panel have not yet fully met the requirements for the long-term stable operation of photovoltaic panels.

[0005] Patent CN120158220A discloses a self-cleaning photovoltaic superhydrophobic coating based on a nanoporous structure and its preparation method. By mass percentage, the coating comprises 15-25% nanoporous silica particles, 5-10% low surface energy modifier, 3-8% photocatalytic nano-titanium dioxide, 30-40% organosilicon resin, and the balance being deionized water. However, this coating relies solely on the nanoporous silica's own structure to construct the superhydrophobic surface. In complex outdoor environments, its structural stability and adhesion to the photovoltaic panel substrate need improvement, and long-term use can easily lead to coating peeling. Furthermore, the photocatalytic efficiency of the photocatalytic nano-titanium dioxide is limited, and there is a lack of effective means to inhibit microbial contamination, making it difficult to address the various contamination challenges faced by photovoltaic panels.

[0006] Patent CN118206891A discloses a nano-photocatalytic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels and its preparation method, comprising the following components by weight: 5-15 parts nano-TiO2 powder; 20-30 parts dispersant; 10-20 parts hydrophilic TiO2; 40-50 parts ethyl methacrylate; 0.3-0.7 parts photoinitiator; and 180-220 parts water. However, the superhydrophobic properties and photocatalytic efficiency of this coating are limited, and it cannot solve the contamination problem of photovoltaic panels.

[0007] Therefore, developing a coating for photovoltaic panels with more stable superhydrophobic properties, higher photocatalytic efficiency, and antibacterial function is of great significance for improving the power generation efficiency and service life of photovoltaic panels. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the problems mentioned above, the main objective of this invention is to provide a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels and its preparation method. This invention constructs a micro-nano rough structure by modifying nanoparticles, while simultaneously introducing antibacterial components and nitrogen-doped photocatalytic components. This achieves a synergistic improvement in superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and antibacterial properties, effectively reducing contaminant adhesion and bacterial growth on the surface of photovoltaic panels, thereby improving power generation efficiency and extending service life.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-25 parts modified nano-silica particles, 4-8 parts nano-titanium dioxide, 0.5-2 parts antibacterial agent, 20-30 parts epoxy resin, 5-10 parts curing agent, 6-12 parts hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and 45-60 parts solvent.

[0010] Preferably, the modified nano-silica particles are obtained by modification with n-octyltriethoxysilane, 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane and a silane coupling agent.

[0011] Preferably, the modified nano-silica particles are prepared as follows: nano-silica is added to a mixed solution of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, and after ultrasonic dispersion, concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is added dropwise to adjust the pH value of the solution. Then, n-octyltriethoxysilane, 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane and silane coupling agent are added and stirred to obtain a gel. After standing and aging, the gel is dried and ground into powder to obtain modified SiO2 particles.

[0012] This invention modifies silica by reacting n-octyltriethoxysilane with nano-silica particles to form a continuous and dense low surface energy layer on their surface, enhancing the hydrophobicity of the particles. The 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane molecule contains multiple siloxy groups, promoting cross-linking and aggregation between particles to form a micro / nano-scale rough structure. The two work synergistically to construct an ideal micro / nano-level rough structure. Furthermore, the modified silica surface retains some unreacted silanol groups, which can undergo condensation reactions with hydroxyl groups on the glass surface to form stable covalent bonds. Simultaneously, one end of the silane coupling agent forms a strong chemical bond with the hydroxyl groups on the glass substrate surface, while the other end participates in the curing reaction of the epoxy resin, establishing a chemical bond bridge between the organic coating and the glass substrate. This significantly enhances the interfacial bonding force, thereby significantly improving the adhesion between the coating and the glass substrate, effectively preventing peeling and flaking of the coating on the glass surface, and ensuring the coating's long-term stable performance of superhydrophobic, antibacterial, and self-cleaning functions.

[0013] Preferably, the volume ratio of anhydrous ethanol to deionized water is 1-5:1.

[0014] Preferably, the ratio of the nano-silica to the solvent is 1g:30-40ml.

[0015] Preferably, the volume ratio of n-octyltriethoxysilane, 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane and silane coupling agent is 3-7:0.5-1.5:1-2.

[0016] Preferably, the silane coupling agent is one or more selected from γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, isobutyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltri(β-methoxyethoxy)silane.

[0017] Preferably, the antibacterial agent is nano zinc oxide with a particle size of 10-20 nm.

[0018] Preferably, the silica particles have a diameter of 20-40 nm; the modified SiO2 particles have a diameter of 60-100 nm.

[0019] The nano-titanium dioxide is nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide, and the preparation method is as follows: (1) Add tetrabutyl titanate to anhydrous ethanol and stir until homogeneous. Then add glacial acetic acid and continue stirring until homogeneous to obtain solution I. (2) Slowly add the aqueous solution containing silver nitrate and urea to anhydrous ethanol and stir to mix evenly to obtain solution II; (3) Slowly add solution II to solution I, stir to react, and after the reaction is complete, let it stand to age into a gel, then dry, grind into powder, and calcine to obtain nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide.

[0020] Under natural light, titanium dioxide generates highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, which oxidize and decompose organic pollutants adhering to the glass surface into CO2 and H2O. However, titanium dioxide can only absorb ultraviolet light, resulting in low photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, TiO2 generates electrons and holes upon photoexcitation, but these readily recombine, further affecting catalytic efficiency. This invention modifies titanium dioxide by nitrogen and silver doping. Nitrogen doping improves the utilization rate of visible light, while silver doping effectively prevents electron-hole recombination. These two processes synergistically enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide. Simultaneously, silver ions can disrupt bacterial cell membranes and inhibit enzyme activity. The silver-doped nanoparticles slowly release silver ions during photocatalysis, synergistically interacting with photoradicals to achieve photocatalytic sterilization and sustained antibacterial effects. Additionally, the presence of silver inhibits lattice distortion in titanium dioxide that may be caused by nitrogen doping, while nitrogen doping reduces particle aggregation. Together, these two processes ensure that the modified titanium dioxide maintains stable activity under long-term light exposure and cyclic use, thereby extending the lifespan of the photovoltaic panel.

[0021] Preferably, the particle size of the nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide is 10-20 nm.

[0022] Preferably, the nitrogen and silver doping amounts in the nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide are 0.035-0.065%.

[0023] Preferably, the epoxy resin is E51 epoxy resin; and the curing agent is a polyamide curing agent.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels, comprising the following steps: Modified silica particles and nano-titanium dioxide are ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent, then epoxy resin and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane are added and stirred until uniform. Antibacterial agent is then added and stirred until uniform. Finally, curing agent is added and stirred until uniform to obtain the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels.

[0025] Preferably, the solvent is a mixture of ethanol, isopropanol and water in a volume ratio of 0.8-2:2-3:0.5-1.5.

[0026] The third aspect of the present invention provides a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels, which is obtained by spraying and curing the above-mentioned superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes surface-modified SiO2 to construct a micro / nano secondary rough structure, while simultaneously employing PDMS to provide low surface energy, achieving superhydrophobic properties through the synergistic effect of the two. Nitrogen-silver co-doped TiO2 is used to efficiently degrade organic pollutants under ultraviolet and visible light, significantly improving photocatalytic efficiency. In rainy weather, the superhydrophobic effect effectively prevents pollutant accumulation; in sunny weather, the photocatalytic effect degrades organic dirt through chemical action. The synergistic effect of these two processes enables all-weather self-cleaning of pollutants.

[0028] 2. This invention introduces nano-zinc oxide as an antibacterial agent, which forms a dual antibacterial protection with N-Ag / TiO2. The antibacterial effect of nano-zinc oxide provides long-lasting protection, effectively preventing the growth of microorganisms inside the rough structure and thus avoiding the failure of hydrophobic properties, further ensuring the cleanliness and stable operation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0029] 3. This invention utilizes the bridging effect of the silane coupling agent KH-560, whose hydrolyzed silanol groups form strong Si-O-Si covalent bonds with the silanol groups on the glass surface. Simultaneously, the epoxy groups at the other end of the coupling agent chemically crosslink with the epoxy resin matrix, constructing a strong and tough chemically bonded layer at the glass-coating interface. Furthermore, the micro-rough structure constructed by nanoparticles increases the contact area and generates a mechanical interlocking effect. Combined with the dense three-dimensional network formed after the epoxy resin is cured, this ensures excellent adhesion between the coating and the glass substrate, enabling it to withstand outdoor weathering and possible mechanical cleaning.

[0030] 4. The synergistic effect between the components of the coating of the present invention results in a coating film that combines superhydrophobicity and antifouling properties, highly efficient photocatalytic self-cleaning and antibacterial and antimildew properties, effectively reducing the adhesion of pollutants and bacterial growth on the surface of photovoltaic panels, improving power generation efficiency and extending the service life of photovoltaic panels.

[0031] 5. The self-cleaning coating of the present invention is fluorine-free and non-toxic; the solvents are low-toxicity ethanol and isopropanol, and the active components are anchored in the coating through chemical reaction, making them less prone to precipitation and environmentally friendly; moreover, the preparation process is simple and easy to scale up. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0033] Example 1: A superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts modified nano-silica particles, 6 parts nano-titanium dioxide, 1.2 parts nano-zinc oxide with a particle size of 15 nm, 25 parts E51 epoxy resin, 7 parts polyamide curing agent, 9 parts hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and 52 parts solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of ethanol, isopropanol, and water in a volume ratio of 1.2:2.5:1. The preparation method of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels includes the following steps: S1. Modified silica particles and nano-titanium dioxide are ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent; S2. Add epoxy resin and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and stir to mix evenly; S3. After adding nano zinc oxide and stirring until evenly mixed, add curing agent and stir until evenly mixed to obtain the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels.

[0034] The preparation method of modified nano-silica particles is as follows: 2g of 30nm nano-silica was added to a mixed solution of 52.5ml anhydrous ethanol and 17.5ml deionized water and ultrasonically dispersed for 20min. After adjusting the pH of the solution to 5 by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, 5ml of n-octyltriethoxysilane, 0.9ml of 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane and 1.5ml of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane were added and stirred at 70r / min for 1.5h to obtain a gel. After standing for 12h for full aging, the gel was dried at 130℃ and ground into powder to obtain modified SiO2 particles with a particle size of 75nm.

[0035] The preparation method of nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide is as follows: (1) Add 4.5 ml of tetrabutyl titanate to 10.5 ml of anhydrous ethanol and stir well. Then add 3 ml of glacial acetic acid and continue stirring for 15 min to obtain solution I. (2) Slowly add the aqueous solution containing 0.76 mg silver nitrate and 1.03 mg urea to 10.5 ml anhydrous ethanol and stir to mix evenly to obtain solution II; (3) Slowly add solution II to solution I and stir for 2.5 h. After the reaction is complete, seal and let stand to age into a gel. Then dry at 80°C, grind into powder, and calcine in a muffle furnace at 450°C to obtain nitrogen-doped silver-loaded titanium dioxide with a particle size of 15 nm.

[0036] Example 2: A superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts modified nano-silica particles, 4 parts nano-titanium dioxide, 0.5 parts nano-zinc oxide with a particle size of 10 nm, 20 parts epoxy resin, 5 parts curing agent, 6 parts hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and 45 parts solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of ethanol, isopropanol, and water in a volume ratio of 0.8:2:0.5; The preparation method of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels includes the following steps: S1. Modified silica particles and nano-titanium dioxide are ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent. S2. Add epoxy resin and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and stir until well mixed. S3. After adding nano zinc oxide and stirring until evenly mixed, add curing agent and stir until evenly mixed to obtain the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels.

[0037] The preparation method of modified nano-silica particles is as follows: 1.4 g of 25 nm nano-silica was added to a mixed solution of 37 ml anhydrous ethanol and 12 ml deionized water. After ultrasonic dispersion for 20 min, concentrated hydrochloric acid solution was added to adjust the pH of the solution to 5. Then, 3.5 ml of n-octyltriethoxysilane, 0.5 ml of 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane, and 1 ml of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane were added. The mixture was stirred at 70 r / min for 1.5 h to obtain a gel. After standing for 12 h for sufficient aging, the gel was dried at 130 °C and ground into powder to obtain modified SiO2 particles with a particle size of 60 nm.

[0038] The preparation method of nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide is as follows: (1) Add 4.5 ml of tetrabutyl titanate to 10.5 ml of anhydrous ethanol and stir well. Then add 3 ml of glacial acetic acid and continue stirring for 15 min to obtain solution I. (2) Slowly add the aqueous solution containing 0.60 mg silver nitrate and 0.82 mg urea to 10.5 ml anhydrous ethanol and stir until well mixed to obtain solution II; (3) Slowly add solution II to solution I and stir for 2 hours. After the reaction is complete, seal and let stand to age into a gel. Then dry at 80°C, grind into powder, and calcine at 450°C to obtain nitrogen-doped silver-loaded titanium dioxide with a particle size of 10 nm.

[0039] Example 3: A superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts modified nano-silica particles, 8 parts nano-titanium dioxide, 2 parts nano-zinc oxide with a particle size of 20 nm, 30 parts E51 epoxy resin, 10 parts polyamide curing agent, 12 parts hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and 60 parts solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of ethanol, isopropanol, and water in a volume ratio of 2:2-3:1.5; The preparation method of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels includes the following steps: S1. Modified silica particles and nano-titanium dioxide are ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent. S2. Add epoxy resin and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and stir until well mixed. S3. After adding nano zinc oxide and stirring until evenly mixed, add curing agent and stir until evenly mixed to obtain the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels.

[0040] The preparation method of modified nano-silica particles is as follows: 3g of 40nm nano-silica was added to a mixed solution of 85ml anhydrous ethanol and 25ml deionized water and ultrasonically dispersed for 20min. After adjusting the pH of the solution to 5 by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, 6.5ml of n-octyltriethoxysilane, 1.4ml of 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane and 2ml of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane were added and stirred at 70r / min for 1.5h to obtain a gel. After standing for 12h for full aging, the gel was dried at 130℃ and ground into powder to obtain modified SiO2 particles with a particle size of 100nm.

[0041] The preparation method of nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide is as follows: (1) Add 4.5 ml of tetrabutyl titanate to 10.5 ml of anhydrous ethanol and stir well. Then add 3 ml of glacial acetic acid and continue stirring for 15 min to obtain solution I. (2) Slowly add the aqueous solution containing 0.91 mg silver nitrate and 1.23 mg urea to 7 ml anhydrous ethanol and stir to mix evenly to obtain solution II; (3) Slowly add solution II to solution I and stir for 2 hours. After the reaction is complete, seal and let stand to age into a gel. Then dry at 80°C, grind into powder, and calcine at 450°C to obtain nitrogen-doped silver-loaded titanium dioxide with a particle size of 20 nm.

[0042] Example 4: A superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts modified nano-silica particles, 5 parts nano-titanium dioxide, 1 part nano-zinc oxide with a particle size of 12 nm, 22 parts E51 epoxy resin, 6 parts polyamide curing agent, 8 parts hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and 50 parts solvent, wherein the solvent is a mixture of ethanol, isopropanol, and water in a volume ratio of 1.2:2.5:1. The preparation method of the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels includes the following steps: S1. Modified silica particles and nano-titanium dioxide are ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent; S2. Add epoxy resin and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and stir to mix evenly; S3. After adding nano zinc oxide and stirring until evenly mixed, add curing agent and stir until evenly mixed to obtain the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels.

[0043] The preparation method of modified nano-silica particles is as follows: 2g of 30nm nano-silica was added to a mixed solution of 52.5ml anhydrous ethanol and 17.5ml deionized water and ultrasonically dispersed for 20min. After adjusting the pH of the solution to 5 by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, 4.8ml of n-octyltriethoxysilane, 0.9ml of 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane and 1.2ml of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane were added and stirred at 70r / min for 1.5h to obtain a gel. After standing for 12h for sufficient aging, the gel was dried at 130℃ and ground into powder to obtain modified SiO2 particles with a particle size of 75nm.

[0044] The preparation method of nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide is as follows: (1) Add 4.5 ml of tetrabutyl titanate to 10.5 ml of anhydrous ethanol and stir well. Then add 3 ml of glacial acetic acid and continue stirring for 15 min to obtain solution I. (2) Slowly add the aqueous solution containing 0.60 mg silver nitrate and 1.23 mg urea to 10.5 ml anhydrous ethanol and stir until well mixed to obtain solution II; (3) Slowly add solution II to solution I and stir for 2.5 h. After the reaction is complete, seal and let stand to age into a gel. Then dry at 80°C, grind into powder, and calcine in a muffle furnace at 450°C to obtain nitrogen-doped silver-loaded titanium dioxide with a particle size of 15 nm.

[0045] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that 1,2-bistrimethoxysilyl ethane is not added in the preparation of the modified silica; only 5.9 ml of n-octyltriethoxysilane and 1.5 ml of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane are added.

[0046] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating does not contain hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.

[0047] Comparative Example 3: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating does not contain nano zinc oxide.

[0048] Comparative Example 4: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating uses only silver-doped titanium dioxide.

[0049] The hydrophobicity (water contact angle measurement), adhesion (GB / T9286-2021), hardness (GB6739-86), photocatalytic degradation rate (taking methyl orange as an example), light transmittance (visible light, 400-760nm), and antibacterial rate (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) of the self-cleaning coatings obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0050] Table 1

[0051] As shown in Table 1, comparing the examples and comparative examples, this invention improves the bonding strength between the self-cleaning coating and the glass substrate by using a silane coupling agent to modify silica, thus enhancing the coating's durability. By combining nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, the coating acquires the functions of degrading pollutants and inhibiting microbial growth, significantly improving its photocatalytic efficiency. The synergistic use of modified silica and hydroxyl polydimethylsiloxane further enhances the coating's hydrophobic properties. These results demonstrate that this invention, through the synergistic effect between the components in the coating, enables the prepared coating to possess superhydrophobic and antifouling properties, highly efficient photocatalytic self-cleaning, and antibacterial and antifungal properties, effectively reducing pollutant adhesion and bacterial growth on the photovoltaic panel surface, improving power generation efficiency, and extending the photovoltaic panel's lifespan.

[0052] In summary, the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating obtained by the method of this invention exhibits excellent hydrophobicity, photodegradation rate, and light transmittance. This invention significantly enhances the adhesion, strength, degradation rate, and light transmittance of the coating through the synergistic effect of modified silica particles, modified titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide.

[0053] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, The product comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-25 parts modified nano-silica particles, 4-8 parts nano-titanium dioxide, 0.5-2 parts antibacterial agent, 20-30 parts epoxy resin, 5-10 parts curing agent, 6-12 parts hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, and 45-60 parts solvent.

2. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modified nano-silica particles were obtained by modification with n-octyltriethoxysilane, 1,2-bistrimethoxysilylethane and a silane coupling agent.

3. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The silane coupling agent is one or more of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, isobutyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and vinyltri(β-methoxyethoxy)silane.

4. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The volume ratio of n-octyltriethoxysilane, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane and silane coupling agent is 3-7:0.5-1.5:1-2.

5. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The silica particles have a diameter of 20-40 nm; the modified SiO2 particles have a diameter of 60-100 nm.

6. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antibacterial agent is nano zinc oxide with a particle size of 10-20 nm; the epoxy resin is E51 epoxy resin; and the curing agent is a polyamide curing agent.

7. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nano-titanium dioxide is nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide.

8. The superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to claim 7, characterized in that, The nitrogen-doped silver-supported titanium dioxide has a particle size of 10-20 nm.

9. A method for preparing a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Modified silica particles and nano-titanium dioxide are ultrasonically dispersed in a solvent, then epoxy resin and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane are added and stirred until uniform. Antibacterial agent is then added and stirred until uniform. Finally, curing agent is added and stirred until uniform to obtain the superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels.

10. The method for preparing a superhydrophobic self-cleaning coating for photovoltaic panels according to claim 9, characterized in that, The solvent is a mixture of ethanol, isopropanol and water in a volume ratio of 0.8-2:2-3:0.5-1.5.

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