Low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A and preparation method and application of low-GWP alternative refrigerant

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigerants, and particularly relates to a low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A as well as a preparation method and application of the low-GWP alternative refrigerant. The alternative refrigerant is a near azeotropic mixture and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 to 35 parts of difluoromethane (R32), 35 to 55 parts of 1, 1, 1, 2, 2-pentafluoroethane (R125) and 20 to 30 parts of 1, 1, 2-trifluoroethylene (R1123). The refrigerant disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of good environmental protection property, high refrigerating capacity per unit volume, small temperature slippage and excellent thermodynamic property, and is particularly suitable for directly replacing an air conditioning system without modifying existing equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of refrigerant technology, specifically relating to a low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] R410A refrigerant is a widely used HFC mixture refrigerant in air conditioning and heat pump systems, primarily composed of 50% R32 (difluoromethane) and 50% R125 (pentafluoroethane). While R410A exhibits excellent refrigeration performance, its high GWP (Gross Power Product) value (approximately 2088) puts it under pressure to be phased out under environmental regulations such as the Kigali Amendments. Furthermore, while R32 alone has a lower GWP (approximately 675), it is mildly flammable (A2L safety rating) and has a high discharge temperature; R125 alone has an extremely high GWP (approximately 3500) but poor refrigeration efficiency; and R1216 (hexafluoropropylene) alone has an extremely low GWP (<1), but its thermophysical properties differ significantly from R410A, resulting in poor system compatibility.

[0003] Existing alternatives such as R32, R452B, and R454B, while offering improvements in GWP and safety, suffer from drawbacks including flammability, limited GWP reduction, or large temperature glide. Therefore, developing a low-GWP, high-performance, safe alternative refrigerant compatible with R410A systems has become an urgent need in the air conditioning industry. The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel near-azeotropic refrigerant mixture with a significantly lower GWP than R410A, while maintaining similar thermodynamic properties and operating characteristics, specifically optimized for air conditioning systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A, its preparation method, and its applications. The refrigerant of this invention features good environmental friendliness, high volumetric cooling capacity, low temperature glide, and excellent thermodynamic properties, making it particularly suitable for direct replacement of air conditioning systems without requiring modifications to existing equipment.

[0005] The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0006] A low-GWP alternative refrigerant, R410A, for use in air conditioning systems comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of difluoromethane (R32, CH2F2), 35-55 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (R125, CHF2CF3), and 20-30 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (R1123, C2HF3).

[0007] Based on the above technical solution:

[0008] The refrigerant provided by this invention has the advantages of significantly reducing the global warming potential by about 20% compared with the existing HFC-410A refrigerant, and having a volumetric cooling capacity and COP that are comparable to or slightly better.

[0009] The refrigerant provided by this invention has the advantages of higher safety (flammability is suppressed by R125) and lower theoretical exhaust temperature compared with difluoromethane alone. It also has the advantages of significantly lower GWP value and improved refrigeration efficiency.

[0010] The refrigerant provided by this invention has the advantages of higher safety (flammability is suppressed by R125) and lower theoretical exhaust temperature compared with 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene alone.

[0011] The refrigerant provided by this invention has the advantages of significantly lower GWP value and greatly improved refrigeration efficiency compared to using 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane alone.

[0012] Overall, this refrigerant has a low global warming potential (GWP), high energy efficiency, and good system compatibility, making it suitable for direct replacement of R410A.

[0013] Preferably, the components include the following parts by weight: 25-30 parts of difluoromethane, 35-45 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 20-25 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0014] Preferably, the components include the following parts by weight: 25-30 parts of difluoromethane, 46-55 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 26-30 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0015] Preferably, the components include the following parts by weight: 31-35 parts of difluoromethane, 40-45 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 20-25 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0016] Preferably, the components include the following parts by weight: 31-35 parts of difluoromethane, 46-55 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 26-30 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0017] More preferably, it comprises the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of difluoromethane, 51 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 23 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0018] More preferably, it comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of difluoromethane, 45 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 25 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0019] More preferably, it comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34 parts of difluoromethane, 49 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 27 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0020] Specifically: The low-GWP alternative refrigerant used for R410A is any combination of the following parts:

[0021] The proportions of difluoromethane are 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35.

[0022] The parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane are 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55.

[0023] The parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene are 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30.

[0024] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A, comprising the following steps: according to the weight ratio, gaseous or liquid difluoromethane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane and 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene are injected into a pressure-resistant container at room temperature, and mixed evenly in the liquid phase using a physical mixing method. After standing, the near-azeotropic R410A alternative refrigerant can be obtained.

[0025] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A, for replacing R410A refrigerant in air conditioning systems, said air conditioning systems including air-cooled systems, water-cooled systems or heat pump systems.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0027] 1) The GWP value of the refrigerant of this invention is significantly reduced by about 5% to 30% compared with R410A, which has advantages in terms of environmental protection and is in line with the future development direction of refrigerants;

[0028] 2) The refrigerant has a low glide temperature, stable performance in the system, and is not prone to component separation;

[0029] 3) Compared with HFC-410A, the refrigerant of this invention has a comparable or higher latent heat of vaporization and refrigeration capacity per unit volume, resulting in high system energy efficiency;

[0030] 4) The evaporation pressure and condensation pressure of the refrigerant are very close to those of HFC-410A, and the viscosity characteristics are similar. The compressor refrigeration oil can be used interchangeably (POE oil can usually be used), which makes it easy to directly replace the refrigerant.

[0031] 5) The theoretical exhaust temperature is similar to or slightly higher than that of R410A, but within a controllable range;

[0032] 6) The ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) is zero, meaning it does not damage the ozone layer;

[0033] 7) By adjusting the formula, GWP, refrigeration performance and safety can be flexibly balanced. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The embodiments given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods used in the embodiments are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used are commercially available.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of difluoromethane, 42 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 20 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0038] The refrigerant preparation method is as follows: According to the above proportions, accurately measure and inject the high-purity raw materials sequentially into a clean, dry pressure-resistant steel cylinder at room temperature (20-25℃) and in a liquid state. After evacuating the cylinder to remove air, purge it with a small amount of inert gas (such as nitrogen) and evacuate again. Finally, fill the cylinder with the mixed working fluid and place it on a rolling mixer to mix for at least 2 hours to ensure uniform mixing of all components. After standing for 24 hours, it is ready for use.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 27 parts of fluoroethane, 46 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 28 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0041] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34 parts of difluoromethane, 44 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 22 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0044] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 33 parts of fluoroethane, 49 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 27 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0047] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0048] Example 5

[0049] A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of difluoromethane, 42 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 23 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0050] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0051] Example 6

[0052] A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of difluoromethane, 45 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 25 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0053] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0054] Example 7

[0055] A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34 parts of difluoromethane, 48 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 27 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

[0056] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0057] The infusion volumes for the seven embodiments described above are shown in Table 1:

[0058] Table 1. Comparison of R410A infusion volume in Examples 1-7:

[0059]

[0060] The selected design condition is: medium temperature condition. The unit type is suitable for temperate air conditioning of T1 climate type (GB / T7725-2004), and the following values ​​are taken: evaporation temperature = 15℃, subcooling = 5℃, condensing temperature = 45℃, superheat = 7℃. The compressor isentropic efficiency is 0.8 during calculation.

[0061] According to the requirements of the national standard GB / T 7725-2022 "Room Air Conditioners", the following data were experimentally measured on the Gree split wall-mounted room air conditioner: KFR-32GW / (32583)FNAa-A3, and the performance parameters were compared: coefficient of performance (COP), relative coefficient of performance (COP), volumetric cooling capacity (Qv), relative unit volumetric cooling capacity (Qv), condensing pressure, GWP, latent heat of vaporization, temperature glide, and lower flammability limit, as shown in Table 2.

[0062] Table 2. Comparison of performance parameters of the seven embodiments of the present invention with R410A.

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from the data in the table above, compared with R410A, the present invention has the following advantages in performance:

[0065] 1) Significantly improved environmental friendliness: The GWP values ​​of all embodiments (except embodiment 1) are lower than those of R410A, with a significant reduction. Among them, embodiment 2 has the lowest GWP, which is 30% lower than that of R410A.

[0066] 2) Excellent cooling performance: The cooling capacity per unit volume of all embodiments is slightly greater than that of R410A. Among them, the cooling capacity per unit volume of Embodiment 6 is the highest, which is 1.11 times that of R410A, indicating that it has comparable or better energy efficiency.

[0067] 3) Excellent thermodynamic properties: The saturation pressure (bubble point, dew point, average vapor pressure) is very close to that of R410A, ensuring good compatibility with existing R410A systems and lubricants, and can be directly injected as a replacement. Extremely low temperature slip (<2℃) ensures the stability of system operation.

[0068] Based on the above-mentioned performance advantages, this invention has the following advantages when used as a replacement for R410A:

[0069] 1) High feasibility of substitution: Since the working pressure and thermal properties are very close to those of R410A, it can be directly replaced by filling in the existing R410A system without replacing major components (such as compressors and heat exchangers) and lubricating oil, resulting in low modification costs.

[0070] 2) Improve system energy efficiency: The extremely high cooling capacity per unit volume and the considerable COP value are expected to enable the system to maintain or slightly improve its cooling capacity and operating efficiency after replacement.

[0071] 3) Meets environmental regulations: The significantly reduced GWP value enables systems using this refrigerant to meet current and future environmental regulations, extending the market life cycle of the equipment.

[0072] Stable and reliable operation: The near-azeotropic properties reduce performance fluctuations and operational risks caused by component separation in different parts of the system.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of difluoromethane, 35-55 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 20-30 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

2. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of difluoromethane, 35-45 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 20-25 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

3. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of difluoromethane, 46-55 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 26-30 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

4. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 31-35 parts of difluoromethane, 40-45 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 20-25 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

5. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 31-35 parts of difluoromethane, 46-55 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 26-30 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

6. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 26 parts of difluoromethane, 51 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 23 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

7. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of difluoromethane, 45 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 25 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

8. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 34 parts of difluoromethane, 49 parts of 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, and 27 parts of 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene.

9. A method for preparing a low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: According to the stated weight ratio, gaseous or liquid difluoromethane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane and 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene are injected into a pressure-resistant container at room temperature. They are mixed evenly in the liquid phase using a physical mixing method. After standing, the near-azeotropic low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A can be obtained.

10. An application of the low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: This is used to replace R410A refrigerant in air conditioning systems, including air-cooled systems, water-cooled systems, or heat pump systems.

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