Reversing ridge structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a spider structure and a construction method, and during use, the spider structure is buried in a soil body of a river bank or a side slope. The rigid retaining wall unit of the main body section of the barge ridge is used as a stress structure, and at least one layer of grouted rubble retaining wall can effectively resist lateral pressure of soil behind the wall; and the bearing base layer arranged at the bottom can uniformly transfer the upper load to the foundation, so that the overall stability of the structure is enhanced. Meanwhile, the hard surface layer of the slope protection section arranged on the first side of the barge ridge main body section is flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit, a flat top closing edge is formed, and the rigid retaining wall unit can be reinforced and protected through the structure reinforcing layer. The ecological section is arranged on the second side of the barge main body section, and the design of an anti-seepage transition layer, a planting substrate layer and an ecological inhabitation layer provides space for aquatic plant growth and biological inhabitation. Through the functional partition layout in the horizontal direction, the retaining wall structure has good ecological compatibility while the shear strength of the structure is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of bank slope protection technology, and in particular to a retaining wall structure and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Masonry revetments, as a traditional slope protection structure, are widely used due to their readily available materials and simple construction. However, traditional masonry revetments mostly employ single-layer masonry structures, relying primarily on their own weight to maintain retaining stability. In practical applications, influenced by multiple factors such as lateral soil pressure, uneven foundation settlement, and water erosion, single-layer masonry structures often suffer from inherent deficiencies in shear strength, making the walls highly susceptible to through-cracks. The appearance of cracks not only undermines the structural integrity but also becomes a seepage channel, leading to soil erosion behind the wall, increased water pressure on the back side of the wall, and in severe cases, even causing the revetment to tilt or collapse. Furthermore, traditional structures, in pursuit of structural safety, employ fully rigid, enclosed masonry construction, completely blocking the exchange of matter and energy between the water and land, resulting in the loss of ecological functions.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the shear strength of retaining wall structures while also ensuring their ecological compatibility is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a retaining wall structure and construction method to improve the shear strength of the retaining wall structure and make it ecologically compatible.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A retaining wall structure includes a slope protection section, a main retaining wall section, and an ecological section. The slope protection section includes a structural reinforcement layer, a bonding layer, and a hard surface layer laid vertically from bottom to top. The main retaining wall section includes a rigid retaining wall unit and a load-bearing foundation layer disposed at the bottom of the rigid retaining wall unit. The rigid retaining wall unit includes at least one layer of masonry retaining wall. The ecological section includes an impermeable transition layer, a planting substrate layer, and an ecological habitat layer laid vertically from bottom to top. In the horizontal direction, the slope protection section is located on the first side of the main section of the retaining wall, and the ecological section is located on the second side of the main section of the retaining wall. In the vertical direction, the hard surface layer is flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit.

[0006] Optionally, in the above-mentioned retaining wall structure, the hard surface layer is a rough-hewn granite surface layer; the bonding layer is a cement mortar layer; the structural reinforcement layer includes a concrete layer, a lime-stabilized crushed stone layer and a lime-soil layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and the lime-soil layer is below a compacted plain soil foundation.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned retaining wall structure, the cement mortar layer is cement mortar with a strength grade of 10 MPa and a thickness of 30 mm; the concrete layer is concrete with a standard cubic compressive strength of 30 MPa and a thickness of 150 mm; the lime-stabilized crushed stone layer has a thickness of 200 mm; in the lime-soil layer, the volume ratio of lime to soil is 1:9, the thickness of the lime-soil layer is 200 mm, and the compaction degree of the lime-soil layer is ≥95%.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned retaining wall structure, the bearing foundation layer includes a crushed stone cushion layer and a concrete leveling layer arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the vertical direction; the rigid retaining wall unit includes a masonry footing set above the concrete leveling layer, a first masonry retaining wall set on the masonry footing, a first flexible waterproof layer set on the first masonry retaining wall, and a second masonry retaining wall set on the first flexible waterproof layer.

[0009] Optionally, in the above-mentioned retaining wall structure, both the first masonry retaining wall and the second masonry retaining wall are constructed with masonry blocks with an average compressive strength of 20 MPa and cement mortar with a strength grade of 10 MPa, and the thickness of the mortar joint ranges from 20 to 30 mm. The first and second masonry retaining walls extend horizontally. Along the horizontal direction, the first and second masonry retaining walls are provided with expansion joints every 2 meters. The expansion joints are 20 mm wide and filled with asphalt-impregnated wooden boards. The first flexible waterproof layer is a bentonite waterproof pad with a unit area mass ≥4000g / m².

[0010] Optionally, in the above-mentioned retaining wall structure, the seepage-proof transition layer includes a second flexible waterproof layer and a first compacted clay soil layer arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the vertical direction; the planting substrate layer is the second compacted clay soil layer; and the ecological habitat layer is a layer of stream stones scattered on the planting substrate layer.

[0011] Optionally, in the above-mentioned retaining wall structure, the second flexible waterproof layer is a bentonite waterproof pad, the thickness of the first clay compacted layer is 200 mm, the thickness of the second clay compacted layer is 200 mm, and the compaction degree is ≥90%; the stream stone layer is stream stones with a particle size of 150~200 mm, and the loose thickness of the stream stones is greater than or equal to 150 mm.

[0012] The revetment structure provided by this invention is embedded in the soil of riverbanks or slopes. The rigid retaining wall unit of the main revetment section serves as the primary load-bearing structure, containing at least one layer of masonry retaining wall that effectively resists the lateral pressure of the soil behind the wall. The bearing foundation layer at its base evenly transfers the upper load to the foundation, enhancing the overall stability of the structure and thus solving the technical problems of insufficient shear strength and easy cracking in traditional single-layer masonry structures. Simultaneously, the slope protection section on the first side of the main revetment section has a hard surface layer flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit, forming a smooth top edge and reinforcing the rigid retaining wall unit through a structural reinforcement layer to prevent rainwater erosion. The ecological section on the second side of the main revetment section, with its impermeable transition layer, planting substrate layer, and ecological habitat layer, provides space for aquatic plant growth and biological habitat, effectively restoring the ecological connection between water and land and solving the problem of lost ecological function in traditional revetments. Therefore, through the above-mentioned horizontal functional zoning layout, the retaining wall structure can ensure structural shear strength while also having good ecological compatibility.

[0013] This application also provides a construction method for constructing a retaining wall structure as described in any of the above embodiments, comprising the following steps: S1. Excavate the foundation trench to the design elevation and compact the foundation. S2. Construct the load-bearing foundation layer of the main section of the retaining wall in the first area within the foundation trench; S3. Construct a rigid retaining wall unit on the bearing foundation layer, including building at least one layer of mortar-grouted rubble retaining wall; S4. Construct an ecological section in the second area within the foundation trench. The second area is located on the second side of the main section of the retaining wall. The construction of the ecological section includes sequentially laying an anti-seepage transition layer, a planting substrate layer, and an ecological habitat layer. S5. Construct a slope protection section in the third area within the foundation trench. The third area is located on the first side of the main section of the retaining wall. The construction slope protection section includes sequentially laying a structural reinforcement layer, a bonding layer, and a hard surface layer, and making the hard surface layer flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit.

[0014] Optionally, in the above construction method, in step S2, the load-bearing foundation layer includes a crushed stone cushion layer and a concrete leveling layer laid sequentially from bottom to top; In step S3, the rigid retaining wall unit includes a masonry footing set on the concrete leveling layer, a first masonry retaining wall set on the masonry footing, a first flexible waterproof layer set on the first masonry retaining wall, and a second masonry retaining wall set on the first flexible waterproof layer. In step S4, the seepage-proof transition layer includes a second flexible waterproof layer and a first clay compacted layer laid from bottom to top, the planting substrate layer is the second clay compacted layer, and the ecological habitat layer is a loosely laid stream stone layer.

[0015] Optionally, in the above construction method, in step S5, the structural reinforcement layer includes a layer of lime-soil, a layer of lime-stabilized crushed stone, and a concrete layer laid sequentially from bottom to top; the bonding layer is a cement mortar layer; and the hard surface layer is a rough-hewn granite surface layer. The concrete layer shall be cured for at least 7 days after pouring and the surface shall be roughened. The rough-hewn granite surface layer is pre-soaked in water for 24 hours before installation, and a 5 mm gap is left between the slabs and grouted with mortar of the same color.

[0016] The construction method provided by the present invention adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, and therefore has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, incorporated in and forming part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort. One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example through the corresponding images in the accompanying drawings. These exemplary descriptions do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings represent similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings do not constitute a limitation on scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the retaining wall structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Hard surface layer, 2. Bonding layer, 3. Concrete layer, 4. Lime-stabilized crushed stone layer, 5. Lime-soil layer, 6. Compacted subgrade foundation, 7. Crushed stone cushion layer, 8. Concrete leveling layer, 9. Mortar-grouted masonry footing, 10. First mortar-grouted masonry retaining wall, 11. First flexible waterproof layer, 12. Second mortar-grouted masonry retaining wall, 13. Second flexible waterproof layer, 14. First compacted clay soil layer, 15. Planting substrate layer, 16. Ecological habitat layer, 17. Natural stone coping, 18. Flamed granite slabs. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, various specific examples of processes and materials are provided in this application; however, those skilled in the art will recognize the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0022] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relative position or movement of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, as shown in the figure. These relative terms include, for example, "inside," "outside," "middle," "outer," "below," "below," "above," "front," "back," etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation, other than those depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure undergoes a positional flip, orientation change, or change of motion, these directional indications will change accordingly. For instance, an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features." Therefore, the example term "below" can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions), and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text will be interpreted accordingly.

[0023] See Figure 1This application provides a retaining wall structure, including a slope protection section, a retaining wall main section, and an ecological section. The slope protection section includes a structural reinforcement layer, a bonding layer 2, and a hard surface layer 1 laid vertically from bottom to top. The retaining wall main section includes a rigid retaining wall unit and a bearing foundation layer set at the bottom of the rigid retaining wall unit. The rigid retaining wall unit includes at least one layer of masonry retaining wall. The ecological section includes an impermeable transition layer, a planting substrate layer 15, and an ecological habitat layer 16 laid vertically from bottom to top. Horizontally, the slope protection section is located on the first side of the retaining wall main section, and the ecological section is located on the second side of the retaining wall main section. Vertically, the hard surface layer 1 is flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit.

[0024] The revetment structure provided by this invention is embedded in the soil of a riverbank or slope. The rigid retaining wall unit of the main revetment section serves as the primary load-bearing structure, containing at least one layer of masonry retaining wall that effectively resists the lateral pressure of the soil behind the wall. The bearing foundation layer at its base evenly transfers the upper load to the foundation, enhancing the overall stability of the structure and thus solving the technical problems of insufficient shear strength and easy cracking in traditional single-layer masonry structures. Simultaneously, the slope protection section on the first side of the main revetment section has a hard surface layer 1 flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit, forming a smooth top edge and reinforcing the rigid retaining wall unit through a structural reinforcement layer to prevent rainwater erosion. The ecological section on the second side of the main revetment section, with its impermeable transition layer, planting substrate layer 15, and ecological habitat layer 16, provides space for aquatic plant growth and biological habitat, effectively restoring the ecological connection between water and land and solving the problem of lost ecological function in traditional revetments. Therefore, through the above-mentioned horizontal functional zoning layout, the retaining wall structure can ensure structural shear strength while also having good ecological compatibility.

[0025] To optimize the above technical solution, the hard surface layer 1 is a rough-hewn granite surface layer; the bonding layer 2 is a cement mortar layer; the structural reinforcement layer includes a concrete layer 3, a lime-stabilized crushed stone layer 4 and a lime-soil layer 5 arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and a compacted plain soil foundation 6 is located below the lime-soil layer 5.

[0026] Specifically, the hard surface layer 1 is made of rough-hewn granite, which has a rough surface, hard texture, and good wear resistance and erosion resistance, and can resist the erosion of water flow and waves. The bonding layer 2 is a cement mortar layer, ensuring a firm connection between the rough-hewn granite surface layer and the underlying structural reinforcement layer. The structural reinforcement layer provides overall rigidity through the concrete layer 3, while the lime-stabilized crushed stone layer 4 enables stress diffusion. The lime-soil layer 5 serves as a transition layer, tightly bonded to the compacted subsoil foundation 6. The compacted subsoil foundation 6 provides a stable foundation for the entire slope protection section, requiring high compaction to prevent settlement. This arrangement solves the problem that traditional slope protection cannot achieve both rigidity and flexibility with a single material, and can distribute and transfer loads from the top or rear layer by layer, avoiding cracks caused by stress concentration. Through the above multi-layer composite structure, the slope protection section not only enhances its own stability, but also works together with the main revetment section to resist soil pressure, extending the overall service life of the revetment structure.

[0027] To optimize the above technical solution, the cement mortar layer is cement mortar with a strength grade of 10 MPa and a thickness of 30 mm; the concrete layer 3 is concrete with a standard cubic compressive strength of 30 MPa and a thickness of 150 mm; the lime-stabilized crushed stone layer 4 has a thickness of 200 mm; in the lime-soil layer 5, the volume ratio of lime to soil is 1:9, the thickness of the lime-soil layer 5 is 200 mm, and the compaction degree of the lime-soil layer 5 is ≥95%.

[0028] Specifically, the cement mortar layer uses mortar with a strength grade of 10 MPa and a thickness of 30 mm, which can firmly bond the rough-hewn granite surface layer and also provide a certain degree of elastic buffering. Concrete layer 3 is concrete with a cubic compressive strength standard value of 30 MPa and a thickness of 150 mm, possessing sufficient rigidity and load-bearing capacity to prevent surface subsidence and deformation. The lime-fly ash layer 4 is 200 mm thick, consisting of graded crushed stone mixed with lime and fly ash, compacted to form a semi-rigid base layer with good stress diffusion performance and drainage. The lime-soil layer 5 has a lime-to-soil volume ratio of 1:9, a thickness of 200 mm, and a compaction degree of not less than 95%, ensuring sufficient load-bearing capacity and water stability. By quantifying parameters, the above structural design is transformed into an executable construction standard, avoiding the quality risks caused by arbitrary material selection in traditional construction. This ensures that the retaining wall structure achieves consistently excellent performance in different projects, significantly improving shear strength and crack resistance, and solving the problem of early damage caused by careless construction in traditional retaining walls.

[0029] To optimize the above technical solution, the bearing foundation layer includes a crushed stone cushion layer 7 and a concrete leveling layer 8 arranged vertically from bottom to top; the rigid retaining wall unit includes a masonry footing 9 set above the concrete leveling layer 8, a first masonry retaining wall 10 set on the masonry footing 9, a first flexible waterproof layer 11 set on the first masonry retaining wall 10, and a second masonry retaining wall 12 set on the first flexible waterproof layer 11.

[0030] Specifically, the load-bearing foundation layer includes a crushed stone cushion layer 7 and a concrete leveling layer 8. The crushed stone cushion layer 7 is relatively thick, which can evenly transfer the load, while the concrete leveling layer 8 provides a flat base surface for the construction of the upper rigid retaining wall unit. The rigid retaining wall unit includes a masonry footing 9, a first masonry retaining wall 10, a first flexible waterproof layer 11, and a second masonry retaining wall 12. The bottom of the masonry footing 9 is widened, forming a step between it and the first masonry retaining wall 10. The first compacted clay soil layer 14 below is flush with the step surface, significantly improving the overturning resistance. The first masonry retaining wall 10 and the second masonry retaining wall 12 constitute a double-layer wall, greatly enhancing the overall shear strength. Even if a small crack appears in one layer, the other layer can still ensure structural safety. The first flexible waterproof layer 11, sandwiched between the first masonry retaining wall 10 and the second masonry retaining wall 12, uses bentonite waterproofing pads. These pads expand upon contact with water, automatically sealing micro-cracks caused by wall deformation or settlement, thus forming reliable seepage prevention and solving the problem of easy peeling and failure of traditional waterproofing layers. This dual-protection design, combining rigid retaining walls with flexible waterproofing, allows the main section of the retaining wall to withstand enormous soil pressure while effectively preventing soil erosion behind the wall, further extending the service life of the retaining wall structure.

[0031] To optimize the above technical solution, both the first masonry retaining wall 10 and the second masonry retaining wall 12 are constructed using masonry blocks with an average compressive strength of 20 MPa and cement mortar with a strength grade of 10 MPa. The thickness of the mortar joints ranges from 20 to 30 mm. The extension direction of the first masonry retaining wall 10 and the second masonry retaining wall 12 is horizontal. Along the horizontal direction, expansion joints are provided every 2 meters for the first masonry retaining wall 10 and the second masonry retaining wall 12. The width of the expansion joints is 20 mm, and the joints are filled with asphalt-impregnated wooden boards. The first flexible waterproof layer 11 is a bentonite waterproofing pad with a unit area mass ≥ 4000 g / m².

[0032] Specifically, expansion joints are installed every 2 meters along the wall's extension direction, with a joint width of 20 mm, filled with asphalt-impregnated wood boards. This effectively releases temperature stress caused by temperature changes or concrete shrinkage, preventing irregular cracks in the wall and thus extending the service life of the retaining wall structure. The first flexible waterproof layer 11 is a bentonite waterproofing mat with a unit area mass of not less than 4000 g / m², possessing excellent waterproof performance and durability. The sodium-based bentonite particles in the bentonite waterproofing mat swell upon contact with water to form a gel, which can automatically repair punctures or cracks. At the same time, its composite with geotextile enhances tensile strength, ensuring the reliability and durability of the main retaining wall section during long-term use. This solves the problem of early damage to traditional masonry structures caused by insufficient material strength, temperature stress, or waterproofing failure.

[0033] To optimize the above technical solution, the seepage-proof transition layer includes a second flexible waterproof layer 13 and a first clay compacted layer 14 arranged vertically from top to bottom; the planting substrate layer 15 is the second clay compacted layer; and the ecological habitat layer 16 is a layer of stream stones scattered on the planting substrate layer 15.

[0034] Specifically, the second flexible waterproof layer 13 is used to prevent water infiltration and protect the foundation soil from erosion, while the first compacted clay soil layer 14 serves as a transition, providing stable support for the upper part and also having a certain water retention capacity. The planting substrate layer 15 is the second compacted clay soil layer, providing a nutrient-rich growth medium for aquatic plants. Its clayey properties help retain moisture and nutrients, while the compaction treatment ensures the stability of the planting substrate layer 15. The ecological habitat layer 16 is a layer of stream stones scattered on the planting substrate layer 15. The stream stones have a large particle size, forming a rough and porous surface, providing an ideal place for fish to spawn, insects to inhabit, and microorganisms to attach. At the same time, the gaps between the stones can slow down the water flow and promote sediment deposition. This structural design breaks away from the traditional hardened ecological isolation of revetments. When in use, the ecological section is located on the water-facing side (i.e., the second side of the main revetment section), with the part below the normal water level submerged in water. The roots of aquatic plants can penetrate deep into the planting substrate layer 15, which both stabilizes the soil and purifies the water. The stream stone layer appears and disappears with the water level, creating a natural revetment landscape effect.

[0035] To optimize the above technical solution, the second flexible waterproof layer 13 is a bentonite waterproof pad, the thickness of the first clay compacted layer 14 is 200 mm, the thickness of the second clay compacted layer is 200 mm, and the compaction degree is ≥90%; the stream stone layer is stream stones with a particle size of 150~200 mm, and the thickness of the scattered stream stones is greater than or equal to 150 mm.

[0036] Specifically, the second flexible waterproof layer 13 uses a bentonite waterproofing pad, the same as the first flexible waterproof layer 11, ensuring reliable seepage prevention and preventing water from seeping through the ecological section and causing foundation softening. The first compacted clay soil layer 14 is 200 mm thick and serves as part of the seepage prevention transition layer, playing a buffering and seepage prevention auxiliary role. The second compacted clay soil layer (planting substrate layer 15) is 200 mm thick with a compaction degree of not less than 90%, ensuring space for plant root growth while preventing excessive compaction from affecting aeration and root development. The stream stone layer uses light-colored stream stones with a particle size of 150-200 mm, spread out with a thickness of not less than 150 mm. This particle size range ensures that the gaps between the stones are large enough to form a habitat, while preventing the stones from being too large and unstable. It should be noted that the above parameters are optimized values ​​verified through extensive engineering practice. For example, a compaction degree of 90% ensures both matrix stability and the necessary porosity; a 150 mm thickness of stream stones ensures complete coverage and prevents the bottom clay soil from being eroded by water flow. This arrangement allows the ecological section to maintain its structural integrity and ecological function under long-term water flow, resulting in a high survival rate of aquatic plants and a stable habitat for organisms, thus achieving the ecological compatibility of the revetment structure.

[0037] This application also provides a construction method for constructing a retaining wall structure as described above, comprising the following steps: S1. Excavate the foundation trench to the design elevation and compact the foundation. S2. Construct the load-bearing foundation layer of the main section of the retaining wall in the first area within the foundation trench; S3. Construct rigid retaining wall units on the bearing foundation layer, including building at least one layer of mortar-grouted rubble retaining wall; S4. Construct an ecological section in the second area within the foundation trench. The second area is located on the second side of the main section of the retaining wall. The construction of the ecological section includes sequentially laying an anti-seepage transition layer, a planting substrate layer 15, and an ecological habitat layer 16. S5. Construct a slope protection section in the third area within the foundation trench. The third area is located on the first side of the main section of the retaining wall. The construction of the slope protection section includes laying a structural reinforcement layer, a bonding layer 2, and a hard surface layer 1 in sequence, and making the hard surface layer 1 flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit.

[0038] Step S1 specifically includes: excavating the foundation trench to the design elevation, removing loose soil and debris from the bottom of the trench, backfilling and compacting the base soil in layers, with each layer having a loose thickness not exceeding 300 mm, and using mechanical compaction to achieve a compaction degree of not less than 93%. The slope of the foundation trench should be controlled during excavation to ensure the stability of the trench walls.

[0039] Step S2 specifically includes: constructing the load-bearing foundation layer in the first area within the foundation trench (corresponding to the main section of the retaining wall). First, lay a crushed stone cushion layer 7, 300 mm thick, level it after laying, and lightly compact it; then pour a concrete leveling layer 8 on the crushed stone cushion layer 7, with a concrete strength grade of C20 and a thickness of 50 mm. After pouring, smooth the surface and cure it to the design strength.

[0040] Step S3 specifically includes: using a layered masonry method: first, construct the masonry foundation 9, with a masonry strength grade of Mu20 and a cement mortar strength grade of M10, and a thickness of 300 mm. Then, construct the first masonry retaining wall 10 on top of the foundation 9, with each layer not exceeding 1.2 meters in height and the mortar joint thickness controlled at 20-30 mm. During construction, pay attention to staggered joints to ensure the integrity of the wall. After the first masonry retaining wall 10 is completed, lay the first flexible waterproof layer 11, i.e., a bentonite waterproofing pad, on top. The overlap width during laying should be no less than 150 mm, and it should be fixed with steel nails at 500 mm intervals in a staggered pattern to ensure a tight and wrinkle-free fit between the first flexible waterproof layer 11 and the surface of the first masonry retaining wall 10. After the first flexible waterproof layer 11 is laid, the second mortar-grouted masonry retaining wall 12 is constructed, also using a layered masonry method, with each layer not exceeding 1.2 meters in height. The masonry requirements are the same as those for the first mortar-grouted masonry retaining wall 10. Expansion joints are set every 2 meters along the extension direction of the wall, with a joint width of 20 millimeters. The joints are filled with asphalt-impregnated wooden boards, and the surface of the wooden boards is coated with asphalt paint for corrosion protection.

[0041] Step S4 specifically includes: constructing the ecological section in the second area within the foundation trench (corresponding to the ecological section location, located on the second side of the main revetment section): laying the second flexible waterproof layer 13, i.e., bentonite waterproof pad, with an overlap width of not less than 150 mm, and fixing it with steel nails. Laying the first compacted clay soil layer 14, with a thickness of 200 mm and a compaction degree of not less than 90%.

[0042] Lay a second layer of compacted clay soil as the planting substrate layer 15, with a thickness of 200 mm and a compaction degree of ≥90%. Spread a layer of loose river stones, using light-colored river stones with a particle size of 150~200 mm, with a thickness of not less than 150 mm, and manually vibrate to compact them, so that uniform gaps are formed between the stones.

[0043] Step S5 specifically includes: constructing the slope protection section in the third area within the foundation trench (corresponding to the slope protection section location, located on the first side of the main revetment section): laying a lime-soil layer 5, a lime-stabilized crushed stone layer 4, and a concrete layer 3 sequentially from bottom to top. The lime-soil layer 5 is 10% lime-soil (lime to soil volume ratio 1:9), 200 mm thick, with a compaction degree ≥95%; the lime-stabilized crushed stone layer 4 is 200 mm thick, with a compaction degree ≥95%; the concrete layer 3 is C30 concrete, 150 mm thick, cured for at least 7 days after pouring, and surface roughened. After the concrete layer 3 is cured, a cement mortar layer, 30 mm thick, with a strength grade of M10, is laid. A rough-hewn granite surface layer is installed on the cement mortar layer. The rough-hewn granite surface layer is pre-soaked in water for 24 hours before installation, with a 5 mm gap between the slabs, and grouted with M10 mortar of the same color, with a grooving depth of not less than 15 mm, and the surface is polished. During the construction of the slope protection section, it is necessary to ensure that the top surface of the rough-hewn granite surface layer is flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit.

[0044] Furthermore, the construction method also includes step S6: constructing a coping structure on top of the rigid retaining wall unit: if granite coping is used, select 200 mm thick flamed granite slabs 18, pre-soak them in water for 24 hours before installation, and use 1:2.5 cement mortar mixed with 3% waterproof powder for grouting, and smooth the surface; if natural stone coping 17 is used, use mechanical hoisting for positioning, with a burial depth of not less than 200 mm, an exposed height controlled between 150 and 300 mm, and a burial depth error not exceeding ±20 mm. The stones are then laid with M7.5 mortar to create a natural landscape effect. At the waterfront junction (i.e., the water-facing side of the ecological section), a layer of natural stone blocks is constructed using M7.5 mortar to provide a habitat for organisms.

[0045] It should be noted that when the flamed granite slab 18 is selected and placed on top of the rigid retaining wall unit, the top of the flamed granite slab 18 should be kept flush with the top of the hard surface layer 1.

[0046] After all structural construction is completed and the revetment structure has stabilized (at least 30 days later), aquatic plants such as reeds and calamus should be planted in the planting substrate layer of the ecological section, with a planting density of 8-12 plants per square meter. Regular watering and maintenance are necessary after planting to ensure a survival rate of no less than 90%.

[0047] It should be noted that during the above construction process, all key procedures (such as compaction degree, mortar joint thickness, waterproof layer overlap, elevation control, etc.) must pass on-site inspection before proceeding to the next step. Through this meticulous construction, the resulting retaining wall structure can be ensured to have excellent shear strength, impermeability, and ecological function, effectively solving the technical defects of traditional retaining walls.

[0048] In order to optimize the above technical solution, in step S2, the load-bearing foundation layer includes a crushed stone cushion layer 7 and a concrete leveling layer 8 laid from bottom to top. In step S3, the rigid retaining wall unit includes a masonry footing 9 set on the concrete leveling layer 8, a first masonry retaining wall 10 set on the masonry footing 9, a first flexible waterproof layer 11 set on the first masonry retaining wall 10, and a second masonry retaining wall 12 set on the first flexible waterproof layer 11. In step S4, the seepage-proof transition layer includes a second flexible waterproof layer 13 and a first clay compacted layer 14 laid from bottom to top, the planting substrate layer 15 is the second clay compacted layer, and the ecological habitat layer 16 is a loosely laid stream stone layer.

[0049] In order to optimize the above technical solution, in step S5, the structural reinforcement layer includes a layer of lime-soil 5, a layer of lime-stabilized crushed stone 4 and a concrete layer 3 laid from bottom to top, the bonding layer 2 is a cement mortar layer, and the hard surface layer 1 is a rough-hewn granite surface layer. After the concrete layer 3 is poured, it should be cured for at least 7 days and the surface should be roughened. Before installing the rough-hewn granite surface layer, soak it in water for 24 hours, leave a 5 mm gap between the slabs and grout them with mortar of the same color.

[0050] The specific structure of the retaining wall is as described in the above embodiments. Since this construction method adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0051] It should be noted that the revetment structure and construction method provided by this invention can be used in the field of bank slope protection technology or other fields. Other fields refer to any field other than bank slope protection technology. The above are merely examples and do not limit the application areas of the revetment structure and construction method provided by this invention.

[0052] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0053] Although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in this document to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or segments should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used only to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or segment from another. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms used herein do not imply order or sequence. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer, or segment discussed below may be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer, or segment without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0054] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A retaining wall structure, characterized in that, It includes a slope protection section, a retaining wall main section, and an ecological section. The slope protection section includes a structural reinforcement layer, a bonding layer, and a hard surface layer laid vertically from bottom to top. The retaining wall main section includes a rigid retaining wall unit and a load-bearing foundation layer set at the bottom of the rigid retaining wall unit. The rigid retaining wall unit includes at least one layer of masonry retaining wall. The ecological section includes an impermeable transition layer, a planting substrate layer, and an ecological habitat layer laid vertically from bottom to top. In the horizontal direction, the slope protection section is located on the first side of the main section of the retaining wall, and the ecological section is located on the second side of the main section of the retaining wall. In the vertical direction, the hard surface layer is flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit.

2. The retaining wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hard surface layer is a rough-hewn granite surface layer; the bonding layer is a cement mortar layer; the structural reinforcement layer includes a concrete layer, a lime-stabilized crushed stone layer and a lime-soil layer arranged vertically from top to bottom, with a compacted plain soil foundation below the lime-soil layer.

3. The retaining wall structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cement mortar layer is a cement mortar with a strength grade of 10 MPa and a thickness of 30 mm; the concrete layer is concrete with a standard cubic compressive strength of 30 MPa and a thickness of 150 mm; the lime-stabilized crushed stone layer has a thickness of 200 mm; in the lime-soil layer, the volume ratio of lime to soil is 1:9, the thickness of the lime-soil layer is 200 mm, and the compaction degree of the lime-soil layer is ≥95%.

4. The retaining wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing foundation layer includes a crushed stone cushion layer and a concrete leveling layer arranged vertically from bottom to top; the rigid retaining wall unit includes a masonry footing set above the concrete leveling layer, a first masonry retaining wall set on the masonry footing, a first flexible waterproof layer set on the first masonry retaining wall, and a second masonry retaining wall set on the first flexible waterproof layer.

5. The retaining wall structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the first and second masonry retaining walls are constructed using masonry blocks with an average compressive strength of 20 MPa and cement mortar with a strength grade of 10 MPa, with the thickness of the mortar joints ranging from 20 to 30 mm. The first and second masonry retaining walls extend horizontally. Along the horizontal direction, the first and second masonry retaining walls are provided with expansion joints every 2 meters. The expansion joints are 20 mm wide and filled with asphalt-impregnated wooden boards. The first flexible waterproof layer is a bentonite waterproof pad with a unit area mass ≥4000g / m².

6. The retaining wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seepage-proof transition layer includes a second flexible waterproof layer and a first compacted clay soil layer arranged vertically from top to bottom; the planting substrate layer is the second compacted clay soil layer; and the ecological habitat layer is a layer of stream stones scattered on the planting substrate layer.

7. The retaining wall structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second flexible waterproof layer is a bentonite waterproof pad, and the thickness of the first clay compacted layer is 200 mm; the thickness of the second clay compacted layer is 200 mm, and the compaction degree is ≥90%; the stream stone layer is stream stones with a particle size of 150~200 mm, and the loose thickness of the stream stones is greater than or equal to 150 mm.

8. A construction method for a retaining wall structure, characterized in that, For constructing a retaining wall structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the following steps are included: S1. Excavate the foundation trench to the design elevation and compact the foundation. S2. Construct the load-bearing foundation layer of the main section of the retaining wall in the first area within the foundation trench; S3. Construct a rigid retaining wall unit on the bearing foundation layer, including building at least one layer of mortar-grouted rubble retaining wall; S4. Construct an ecological section in the second area within the foundation trench. The second area is located on the second side of the main section of the retaining wall. The construction of the ecological section includes sequentially laying an anti-seepage transition layer, a planting substrate layer, and an ecological habitat layer. S5. Construct a slope protection section in the third area within the foundation trench. The third area is located on the first side of the main section of the retaining wall. The construction slope protection section includes sequentially laying a structural reinforcement layer, a bonding layer, and a hard surface layer, and making the hard surface layer flush with the top of the rigid retaining wall unit.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the load-bearing foundation layer includes a crushed stone cushion layer and a concrete leveling layer laid sequentially from bottom to top; In step S3, the rigid retaining wall unit includes a masonry footing set on the concrete leveling layer, a first masonry retaining wall set on the masonry footing, a first flexible waterproof layer set on the first masonry retaining wall, and a second masonry retaining wall set on the first flexible waterproof layer. In step S4, the seepage-proof transition layer includes a second flexible waterproof layer and a first clay compacted layer laid from bottom to top, the planting substrate layer is the second clay compacted layer, and the ecological habitat layer is a loosely laid stream stone layer.

10. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S5, the structural reinforcement layer includes a layer of lime-soil, a layer of lime-stabilized crushed stone, and a concrete layer laid from bottom to top, the bonding layer is a cement mortar layer, and the hard surface layer is a rough-hewn granite surface layer. The concrete layer shall be cured for at least 7 days after pouring and the surface shall be roughened. The rough-hewn granite surface layer is pre-soaked in water for 24 hours before installation, and a 5 mm gap is left between the slabs and grouted with mortar of the same color.

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