Reducing charging and filling integrated blasting device and blasting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-diameter charging and filling integrated blasting device and a blasting method, which can simplify a blasthole filling procedure, optimize a charging structure in a blasthole and improve the utilization rate of blasthole and blasting explosive energy. The variable-diameter charging and filling integrated blasting device comprises a variable-diameter charging pipe and a pressing block. The variable-diameter charging pipe is arranged in a blast hole; a charging channel is formed in the reducing charging pipe, the inner diameter of the charging channel is gradually increased from top to bottom, and the bottom end of the charging channel makes contact with the upper interface of blasting powder of the inner hole bottom coupling charging section of the blast hole. A filling part is formed at the top of the variable-diameter charging pipe and is positioned above the charging channel; a pressing inclined face is formed on the side, facing a muzzle of the blast hole, of the filling part, a charging hole is formed in the pressing inclined face, and the charging hole penetrates through the filling part and then communicates with the top end of the charging channel. And the pressing block is arranged on the pressing inclined surface in a sliding manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering blasting technology, and in particular to an integrated blasting device and blasting method for variable diameter explosive charge and packing. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for rock mass engineering construction in my country, engineering blasting technology has developed rapidly in water conservancy, transportation, open-pit mining, and other projects. For deep-hole loosening blasting in open-pit mines, the traditional method typically involves drilling according to design requirements, directly loading industrial explosives and detonating charges into the boreholes, then filling them with rock cuttings or gravel, and finally connecting the boreholes for detonation according to design requirements. Analysis of this traditional blasting method reveals the following main drawbacks: 1. The charging and packing processes inside the borehole are independent of each other. After the charging is completed, the borehole needs to be sealed with materials such as crushed rock fragments by manual labor or packing vehicle. The overall blasting construction efficiency is low and the labor intensity is high. 2. The charge height inside the borehole is usually low, and the filling section is long. The explosive energy is too concentrated in the lower part of the borehole, resulting in uneven distribution of explosive energy inside the borehole. This can easily lead to a large number of large rock blocks in the upper part of the borehole, affecting the overall blasting quality. 3. In the traditional borehole charging structure, the length of rock cuttings or gravel filling can usually reach 21% to 27% of the total length of the borehole, which makes the actual utilization rate of the borehole charge usually less than 80%, resulting in a low utilization rate of the borehole. 4. In deep-hole loosening blasting, in order to effectively overcome the large rock mass clamping effect at the bottom of the blast hole, a larger amount of explosive or explosive energy is required. As the blast hole gradually moves upward, the free compensation space of the rock mass gradually increases, and the rock mass clamping effect above the blast hole gradually decreases. Correspondingly, the amount of explosive or explosive energy required to break the rock mass gradually decreases. However, in traditional blasting construction, through holes usually adopt a full-diameter coupled charging structure. This approach is prone to causing excessive crushing of the rock mass around the hole, resulting in waste of explosive energy, low utilization rate of explosive energy in the hole, and increased overall blasting construction cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology by providing an integrated blasting device and blasting method for variable diameter charge and filling, which can simplify the filling process of the blast hole, optimize the charge structure in the blast hole, and improve the utilization rate of the energy of the blast hole and the explosive.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an integrated blasting device for variable-diameter charging and packing, comprising a variable-diameter charging tube and a clamping block. The variable-diameter charging tube is disposed inside a borehole; a charging channel is formed inside the variable-diameter charging tube, the inner diameter of which gradually increases from top to bottom, and the bottom end of the charging channel contacts the upper interface of the explosive charge of the charging section coupled to the bottom of the borehole; a loading portion is formed at the top of the variable-diameter charging tube, the loading portion being located above the charging channel; a clamping ramp is formed on the side of the loading portion facing the borehole muzzle, and a charging hole is formed on the clamping ramp, the charging hole penetrating the loading portion and communicating with the top end of the charging channel. The clamping block is slidably set on the clamping ramp. When the clamping block slides along the clamping ramp towards the bottom of the borehole and presses against the clamping ramp, it can press the loading part against the inner wall of the borehole, and the clamping block is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole under the reaction force of the clamping ramp. The part of the clamping block and the loading part that are in contact with each other can be spliced ​​into a blocking cylinder, which is used to seal the borehole.

[0005] In some embodiments, the integrated blasting device for variable diameter charge and packing also includes an outer sleeve; the outer sleeve is fitted over the outside of the variable diameter charge tube, and the bottom end of the outer sleeve is sealed to the bottom end of the variable diameter charge tube to form a receiving cavity with a top opening between the outer wall of the variable diameter charge tube and the inner wall of the outer sleeve.

[0006] In some embodiments, the top end of the outer sleeve extends to the bottom end of the filling section. The portion of the filling section corresponding to the opening of the receiving cavity forms a funnel, the outer diameter of which gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the funnel is located above the charge channel; the charge hole penetrates the funnel.

[0007] In some embodiments, a sliding slope is formed on one side of the clamping block corresponding to the clamping slope, and the clamping block is slidably disposed on the clamping slope via the sliding slope.

[0008] In some embodiments, the sliding ramp is adapted to the clamping ramp so that the sliding ramp can fully conform to the clamping ramp.

[0009] In some embodiments, a plurality of drag-reducing strips are provided on the sliding inclined surface, the drag-reducing strips protrude from the sliding inclined surface, and the extending direction of the drag-reducing strips is parallel to the sliding direction of the pressing block.

[0010] In some embodiments, multiple drag-reducing strips are spaced apart, and the gap between two adjacent drag-reducing strips allows the detonator lead wire of the explosive to pass through.

[0011] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the clamping block is provided with a plurality of elastic strips that extend circumferentially along the borehole.

[0012] Therefore, the integrated variable-diameter charging and packing blasting device provided in this embodiment of the invention, by setting a variable-diameter charging tube inside the borehole, forming a charging channel inside the variable-diameter charging tube, and forming a filling part at the top of the variable-diameter charging tube, forms a clamping slope on the side of the filling part facing the borehole muzzle, and a charging hole is formed on the clamping slope, so that the charging hole communicates with the charging channel, and explosives can be loaded into the charging channel through the charging hole. By contacting the bottom end of the charging channel with the upper interface of the explosives in the bottom-coupled charging section inside the borehole, the explosives in the bottom-coupled charging section can detonate the explosives in the charging channel when they explode. By gradually increasing the inner diameter of the charging channel from top to bottom, a variable-diameter charging section can be formed above the bottom-coupled charging section in the borehole after the explosive is loaded into the channel. This causes the amount of explosive in the borehole to gradually decrease from bottom to top (from the bottom of the borehole to the muzzle). Compared to the existing full-diameter coupled charging structure, this optimizes the charging structure in the borehole, allowing the energy of the explosive to gradually decrease from bottom to top, resulting in a more uniform energy distribution, improved rock fragmentation quality at the top of the borehole, and increased energy utilization of the explosive. Furthermore, compared to the existing full-diameter coupled charging structure, this integrated variable-diameter charging and packing blasting device can reduce the amount of explosive used, thereby reducing blasting costs while achieving the same blasting requirements. By setting a clamping block that slides on a clamping ramp, the loading section is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole by sliding along the ramp and pressing against it. The clamping block, under the reaction force of the ramp, further presses itself against the inner wall, thus limiting the loading section's position. By allowing the parts of the clamping block and the loading section to connect into a blocking cylinder, the borehole can be sealed, maintaining the loading section's blocking effect. This locks the explosive energy within the borehole, thereby improving the utilization rate of the explosive energy. Compared to using packing material to seal the blast hole, the loading section and clamping block are shorter and occupy less length of the blast hole, allowing more space in the blast hole for loading explosives. Therefore, the utilization rate of the blast hole can be improved. In addition, the installation and fixing method of the variable diameter charging tube and the clamping block is simple, which can reduce the labor intensity of workers compared to workers sealing the blast hole manually or by packing vehicle.

[0013] Secondly, this invention also provides a blasting method using the integrated variable-diameter charge and plugging blasting device described in Embodiment 1. The blasting method includes: loading explosives into the bottom-coupled charge section of the borehole; placing the integrated variable-diameter charge and plugging blasting device into the borehole, so that the bottom end of the charge channel contacts the upper interface of the explosives in the bottom-coupled charge section of the borehole; loading explosives into the charge channel through the charge hole; sliding the clamping block along the clamping ramp towards the bottom of the borehole and pressing it against the clamping ramp, so that the loading part is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole, and the clamping block is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole under the reaction force of the loading part, so that the parts of the clamping block and the loading part in contact with each other are spliced ​​into a plugging cylinder, and the borehole is plugged by the plugging cylinder; and detonating the explosives.

[0014] In some embodiments, the integrated blasting device for variable-diameter charging and packing is an integrated blasting device for variable-diameter charging and packing including an outer sleeve; after the explosive is loaded into the charging channel through the charging hole, before the clamping block slides along the clamping ramp towards the bottom of the borehole and is pressed against the clamping ramp, the blasting method further includes: loading Newtonian fluid into the accommodating cavity.

[0015] The above-described blasting method has the same beneficial technical effects as the integrated variable-diameter charge and packing blasting device provided in some of the above embodiments, and will not be described again here. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this invention, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of this invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings. Furthermore, the drawings described below can be regarded as schematic diagrams and are not intended to limit the actual size of the product, the actual flow of the method, the actual timing of the signals, etc. involved in the embodiments of this invention.

[0017] Figures 1-4 This is a structural diagram of an integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charges and packing provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figures 5-7 This is a structural diagram of a variable diameter charging tube provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figures 8-9 This is a structural diagram of a clamping block provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Among them, 1-outer tube; 2-funnel section; 3-filling section; 4-compressing block; 5-charge hole; 6-variable diameter charge tube; 7-detonation port; 8-elastic strip; 9-drag reduction strip; 10-detonating charge; 11-detonator lead wire; 12-bottom coupling charge section; 13-variable diameter charge section; 14-Newtonian fluid; 15-filling material; 16-borehole; 17-compressing inclined surface; 18-sliding inclined surface. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions in some embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided by the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with each other.

[0021] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated entries.

[0022] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" is interpreted as open-ended and encompassing, meaning "including, but not limited to." Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be included in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0023] In describing some embodiments, the term "connection" and its derivative expressions may be used. The term "connection" should be interpreted broadly; for example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The embodiments of the invention described herein are not necessarily limited to the content of this document.

[0024] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to cross-sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and the area of ​​regions are enlarged for clarity. Therefore, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the areas of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0025] Example 1: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of the invention provides an integrated blasting device for variable diameter charging and packing. The integrated blasting device for variable diameter charging and packing is applied in engineering blasting to improve the utilization rate of the energy of the blast hole and the explosive during blasting.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charge and packing includes a variable-diameter explosive tube 6 and a clamping block 4. The variable-diameter explosive tube 6 is disposed inside the borehole 16; an explosive channel is formed inside the variable-diameter explosive tube 6, the inner diameter of which gradually increases from top to bottom, and the bottom end of the explosive channel contacts the upper interface of the explosive charge of the explosive charge section 12 coupled to the bottom of the borehole 16. A loading part 3 is formed at the top of the variable-diameter explosive tube 6, and the loading part 3 is located above the explosive channel; a clamping slope 17 is formed on the side of the loading part 3 facing the muzzle of the borehole 16, and an explosive hole 5 is opened on the clamping slope 17, which penetrates the loading part 3 and communicates with the top end of the explosive channel. The clamping block 4 is slidably disposed on the clamping inclined surface 17. When the clamping block 4 slides along the clamping inclined surface 17 toward the bottom of the borehole 16 and is pressed against the clamping inclined surface 17, the loading part 3 can be pressed against the inner wall of the borehole 16, and the clamping block 4 is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole 16 under the reaction force of the clamping inclined surface 17. The part of the clamping block 4 that is in contact with the loading part 3 can be spliced ​​into a blocking cylinder, which is used to seal the borehole 16.

[0027] For example, the extension direction of the borehole 16 is vertically downward or inclined downward. The maximum outer diameter of the variable diameter propellant tube 6 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole 16 so that the variable diameter propellant tube 6 can be smoothly inserted into the borehole 16.

[0028] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, part of the explosive charge inside the borehole 16 is loaded into the bottom coupling charge section 12. The explosive charge may include industrial explosives and a detonating charge 10. The industrial explosives may be a mixture of granular solid explosives. The detonator lead 11 of the detonating charge 10 is used to detonate the detonating charge 10.

[0029] The variable diameter charge tube 6 can be made of engineering plastics, such as polyamide, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the variable diameter charge tube 6.

[0030] The shape of the charging channel formed inside the variable-diameter charging tube 6 is similar to a cone. The specific dimensions of the charging channel (length, inner diameter, etc.) can be determined according to the site requirements. After the specific dimensions of the charging channel are determined, the variable-diameter charging tube 6 is then manufactured. The charging channel is used to fill the explosive, and the diameter of the charging channel must not be less than the detonation critical diameter of the explosive.

[0031] For example, a detonation port 7 is formed at the bottom of the charging channel.

[0032] By bringing the bottom of the charging channel into contact with the upper interface of the explosive in the bottom-coupled charging section 12 inside the borehole 16, the explosive in the bottom-coupled charging section 12 can detonate the explosive in the charging channel when it explodes.

[0033] Combination Figure 3 By gradually increasing the inner diameter of the charging channel from top to bottom, after the explosive charge is loaded into the channel, a variable-diameter charging section 13 can be formed above the coupling charging section 12 at the bottom of the borehole 16. This causes the amount of explosive charge in the borehole 16 to gradually decrease from bottom to top (from the bottom of the borehole 16 to the muzzle). Compared to the full-aperture coupling charging structure in the prior art, this optimizes the charging structure in the borehole 16, making the energy of the explosive charge gradually decrease from bottom to top, resulting in a more uniform energy distribution, improved rock fragmentation quality at the top of the borehole 16, and increased utilization of explosive energy. Furthermore, compared to the full-aperture coupling charging structure used in the prior art, this method can reduce the amount of explosive charge used, thereby reducing blasting costs while achieving the same blasting requirements.

[0034] For example, the outer diameter of the plugging cylinder is the same as the inner diameter of the borehole 16.

[0035] For example, the clamping block 4 and the loading part 3 can be two irregularly shaped structures formed by obliquely cutting the top surface of the blocking cylinder to the bottom surface. The external dimensions of the loading part 3 must be sufficient to fit into the borehole 16.

[0036] For example, the clamping block 4 can be made of engineering plastics, such as polyamide, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the clamping block 4.

[0037] Combination Figure 3 When the clamping block 4 slides along the clamping ramp 17 toward the bottom of the borehole 16 and presses against the clamping ramp 17 of the loading part 3, the loading part 3 presses against the inner wall of the borehole 16; the direction of the reaction force of the clamping ramp 17 on the clamping block 4 is obliquely upward along the borehole 16, and this reaction force can press the side of the clamping block 4 against the inner wall of the borehole 16, thereby fixing the clamping block 4 and the loading part 3 simultaneously inside the borehole 16.

[0038] Combination Figure 3When the explosive detonates in the borehole 16, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the explosive pushes the loading section 3 upward. During this process, the clamping slope 17 of the loading section 3 exerts an upward force on the clamping block 4, which increases the clamping force between the clamping block 4 and the inner wall of the borehole 16, and increases the friction between the clamping block 4 and the inner wall of the borehole 16. This friction can improve the limiting effect on the clamping block 4, and thus improve the limiting effect on the loading section 3 through the clamping block 4, preventing the loading section 3 and the clamping block 4 from being rushed out of the borehole 16 by the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the explosive. The blocking cylinder formed by the loading section 3 and the clamping block 4 plays a good role in sealing the borehole 16, so as to lock the energy of the explosive in the borehole 16 and improve the utilization rate of the explosive energy in the borehole 16. Compared to using filler material 15 (such as gravel and rock chips) to seal the blast hole 16, the loading section 3 and the clamping block 4 are shorter and occupy less length of the blast hole 16, allowing more space (usually more than 90% of the total length of the blast hole 16) for loading explosives. Therefore, the utilization rate of the blast hole 16 can be improved. In addition, the installation and fixing method of the variable diameter charging tube 6 and the clamping block 4 is simple. Compared with workers sealing the blast hole 16 with filler material 15 (such as gravel and rock chips) manually or by filling vehicle, the labor intensity of workers can be reduced.

[0039] Therefore, the integrated variable-diameter charge and packing blasting device provided in this embodiment of the invention, by setting a variable-diameter charge tube 6 inside the borehole 16, forming a charge channel inside the variable-diameter charge tube 6, and forming a packing part 3 at the top of the variable-diameter charge tube 6, and forming a clamping slope 17 on the side of the packing part 3 facing the muzzle of the borehole 16, and opening a charge hole 5 on the clamping slope 17 so that the charge hole 5 communicates with the charge channel, and explosives can be loaded into the charge channel through the charge hole 5. By making the bottom end of the charge channel contact the upper interface of the explosives in the bottom-coupled charge section 12 inside the borehole 16, the explosives in the bottom-coupled charge section 12 can detonate the explosives in the charge channel when they explode. By gradually increasing the inner diameter of the charging channel from top to bottom, after the explosive is loaded into the charging channel, a variable-diameter charging section 13 can be formed above the coupling charging section 12 at the bottom of the borehole 16. This causes the amount of explosive in the borehole 16 to gradually decrease from bottom to top (from the bottom of the borehole 16 to the muzzle of the borehole 16). Compared with the full-diameter coupling charging structure in the prior art, this can optimize the charging structure in the borehole 16, so that the energy of the explosive when it explodes in the hole gradually decreases from bottom to top, the energy distribution of the explosive is more uniform, the quality of rock fragmentation at the top of the borehole 16 is improved, and the utilization rate of the explosive energy is increased. Furthermore, compared with the full-diameter coupling charging structure used in the prior art, this variable-diameter charging and packing integrated blasting device can also reduce the amount of explosive used. Under the same blasting requirements, the amount of explosive used can be reduced, thereby reducing blasting costs. By setting a clamping block 4, which is slidably positioned on the clamping ramp 17, and sliding along the clamping ramp 17 towards the bottom of the borehole 16 and pressing against it, the loading part 3 is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole 16. Furthermore, the clamping block 4 is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole 16 under the reaction force of the clamping ramp 17, thus limiting the loading part 3. By allowing the parts of the clamping block 4 and the loading part 3 to be joined together to form a blocking cylinder, the borehole 16 can be sealed, maintaining the blocking effect of the loading part 3 on the borehole 16. This locks the energy of the explosive charge within the borehole 16, thereby improving the utilization rate of the explosive charge energy within the borehole 16. Compared to using packing material 15 to seal the blast hole 16, the loading section 3 and the clamping block 4 are shorter and occupy less length of the blast hole 16, allowing more space in the blast hole 16 for loading explosives. Therefore, the utilization rate of the blast hole 16 can be improved. In addition, the installation and fixing method of the variable diameter charging tube 6 and the clamping block 4 is simple. Compared with workers sealing the blast hole 16 with packing material 15 manually or by packing vehicle, the labor intensity of workers can be reduced.

[0040] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the integrated blasting device for variable diameter charge and packing also includes an outer sleeve 1. The outer sleeve 1 is fitted over the outside of the variable diameter charge tube 6, and the bottom end of the outer sleeve 1 is sealed to the bottom end of the variable diameter charge tube 6 to form a receiving cavity with a top opening between the outer wall of the variable diameter charge tube 6 and the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1.

[0041] For example, the material of the outer tube 1 can be engineering plastic, such as polyamide, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the outer tube 1.

[0042] The outer casing 1 can be integrated with the variable diameter charging tube 6 to facilitate the installation of the integrated variable diameter charging and packing blasting device.

[0043] For example, the outer tube 1 is a straight tube, and the outer diameter of the outer tube 1 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole 16 so that the outer tube 1 can be inserted into the borehole 16.

[0044] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cavity can be filled with a Newtonian fluid 14 (such as air or water).

[0045] After the accommodating cavity is filled with Newtonian fluid 14, the Newtonian fluid 14 can reduce the peak pressure of the detonation wave generated by the explosion of the explosive in the variable diameter charging tube 6, prolong the action time of the explosive material in the borehole 16, reduce the range of the crushing zone around the borehole 16, and increase the radius of the fracture zone around the borehole 16, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the explosive. At the same time, when water medium is added to the accommodating cavity, the effect of water pressure blasting can be further realized, which can better promote the expansion of fractures around the borehole 16 and improve the rock mass blasting and fragmentation effect.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the top end of the outer sleeve 1 extends to the bottom end of the filling section 3. The filling section 3 forms a funnel section 2 corresponding to the opening of the receiving cavity. The outer diameter of the funnel section 2 gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the funnel section 2 is located above the charging channel. The charging hole 5 penetrates the funnel section 2.

[0047] For example, when the explosive charge in the charging channel reaches the funnel section 2, the charging of explosive charge can be stopped. Then, packing material 15 (materials such as gravel and rock chips) is put into the charging hole 5 to isolate or block the high temperature and high pressure after the explosive charge explodes from the compaction block 4.

[0048] Combination Figure 3 With the above arrangement, a large gap can be formed between the top of the funnel 2 and the top of the outer tube 1, so as to avoid the bottom of the filling part 3 being too large and obstructing the opening at the top of the receiving cavity, thereby improving the convenience of filling the receiving cavity with Newtonian fluid 14.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, a sliding inclined surface 18 is formed on one side of the clamping block 4 corresponding to the clamping inclined surface 17, and the clamping block 4 is slidably disposed on the clamping inclined surface 17 through the sliding inclined surface 18.

[0050] By setting the above, the contact area between the clamping block 4 and the filling part 3 can be increased, and the pressure between the clamping block 4 and the filling part 3 can be reduced, thereby avoiding excessive force between the clamping block 4 and the filling part 3 from causing damage to the clamping block 4 and the filling part 3.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the sliding inclined surface 18 is adapted to the pressing inclined surface 17 so that the sliding inclined surface 18 can be completely fitted onto the pressing inclined surface 17.

[0052] The above settings make the sliding inclined surface 18 fit more tightly with the pressing inclined surface 17, reduce the gap between the pressing block 4 and the loading part 3, improve the blocking effect on the blast hole 16, and thus improve the utilization rate of explosive energy.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8 As shown, multiple drag-reducing strips 9 are provided on the sliding inclined surface 18. The drag-reducing strips 9 protrude from the sliding inclined surface 18, and the extension direction of the drag-reducing strips 9 is parallel to the sliding direction of the pressing block 4.

[0054] For example, the drag-reducing strip 9 may be made of the same material as the clamping block 4, and the drag-reducing strip 9 and the clamping block 4 may be an integral structure.

[0055] For example, multiple drag-reducing strips 9 are evenly distributed on the sliding inclined surface 18.

[0056] With the above settings, when the clamping block 4 slides relative to the filling part 3, the contact area between the clamping block 4 and the filling part 3 can be reduced by the drag-reducing strip 9, which helps to reduce the friction between the clamping block 4 and the filling part 3, and the drag-reducing strip 9 can also guide the clamping block 4.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, multiple drag-reducing strips 9 are spaced apart, and the gap between two adjacent drag-reducing strips 9 allows the detonator lead wire 11 of the explosive to pass through.

[0058] With the above configuration, the detonator lead wire 11 of the explosive can be easily led out from between the clamping block 4 and the loading part 3 to the outside of the blast hole 16, avoiding damage to the detonator lead wire 11 when the clamping block 4 is pressed on the loading part 3.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 9As shown, the outer side of the clamping block 4 is provided with a plurality of elastic strips 8, which extend circumferentially along the borehole 16.

[0060] The outer side of the clamping block 4 is the side opposite to the borehole 16.

[0061] For example, the elastic strip 8 can be made of silicone. The elastic strip 8 is fixed to the outer surface of the clamping block 4 by adhesive.

[0062] For example, multiple elastic strips 8 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the clamping block 4.

[0063] With the above configuration, when the clamping block 4 is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole 16 under the reaction force of the clamping inclined surface 17, it can squeeze the elastic strip 8, so that the elastic strip 8 can better contact the inner wall of the borehole 16. This increases the friction between the clamping block 4 and the inner wall of the borehole 16 through the elastic strip 8, which helps to maintain the position of the clamping block 4. In turn, the clamping block 4 maintains the position of the loading part 3, preventing the clamping block 4 and the loading part 3 from being ejected from the borehole by the energy of the explosive charge. This improves the filling effect of the clamping block 4 and the loading part 3 on the borehole 16.

[0064] In summary, the integrated variable-diameter charge and packing blasting device provided in this embodiment of the invention can achieve the following objectives: ① Optimize the charge structure within the borehole 16, increase the charge length, make the energy distribution of the explosive within the borehole 16 more uniform, and improve the blasting and crushing quality of the rock mass above the borehole 16; ② While shortening the packing length of the borehole 16, simplify the borehole packing process, improve the packing quality of the borehole 16 and the overall construction efficiency; ③ Reduce the charge amount per hole, reduce the over-crushing of the surrounding rock mass, improve the utilization rate of the borehole and the energy of the explosive, and reduce the overall blasting construction cost.

[0065] Example 2: This invention also provides a blasting method, combined with Figure 3 The blasting method uses the integrated blasting device with variable diameter charge and packing in Example 1. The blasting method includes: S100-S500.

[0066] S100, load explosives into the bottom coupling charging section 12 inside the borehole 16.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, in this step, explosives are loaded into the bottom coupling charge section 12 of the borehole. The explosives include industrial explosives and a detonating charge 10. The industrial explosives can be a mixture of granular solid explosives. The detonator lead 11 of the detonating charge 10 is used to detonate the detonating charge 10.

[0068] S200. Place the variable-diameter charge and tamping integrated blasting device into the borehole 16, so that the bottom end of the charge channel contacts the upper interface of the explosive in the bottom coupling charge section 12 inside the borehole 16.

[0069] S300, Explosives are loaded into the charging channel through charging hole 5.

[0070] At this point, the explosive charge inserted into the charging channel can be the aforementioned industrial explosive.

[0071] In some examples, after the industrial explosives are loaded, packing material 15 (such as gravel or rock chips) can be inserted into the loading hole 5 to isolate or block the high temperature and pressure after the explosives explode from the compaction block 4.

[0072] S400, the clamping block 4 slides along the clamping ramp 17 toward the bottom of the borehole 16 and is pressed against the clamping ramp 17, so that the loading part 3 is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole 16, and the clamping block 4 is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole 16 under the reaction force of the loading part 3, so that the part of the clamping block 4 and the loading part 3 in contact with each other is spliced ​​into a blocking cylinder, and the borehole 16 is blocked by the blocking cylinder.

[0073] This allows the clamping block 4 to limit the loading section 3, ensuring the blocking effect of the blocking cylinder formed by the clamping block 4 and the loading section 3 on the borehole.

[0074] S500, detonating explosive.

[0075] The method of using the integrated variable-diameter charge and packing blasting device in Example 1 can simplify the blast hole packing process, optimize the charge structure inside the blast hole, improve the utilization rate of the blast hole and the energy of the blasting charge, and reduce the labor intensity of workers.

[0076] In some embodiments, the integrated variable-diameter charging and packing blasting device is the integrated variable-diameter charging and packing blasting device including the outer sleeve 1 described in the above embodiments. After the explosive is loaded into the charging channel through the charging hole 5 in S300, and before the clamping block 4 slides along the clamping ramp 17 toward the bottom of the borehole 16 and is pressed against the clamping ramp 17 in S400, the blasting method further includes: loading Newtonian fluid 14 into the accommodating cavity.

[0077] For example, the Newtonian fluid 14 can be air or water, etc.

[0078] After the accommodating cavity is filled with Newtonian fluid 14, the Newtonian fluid 14 can reduce the peak pressure of the detonation wave generated by the explosion of the explosive in the variable diameter charging tube 6, prolong the action time of the explosive material in the borehole 16, reduce the range of the crushing zone around the borehole 16, and increase the radius of the fracture zone around the borehole 16, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the explosive. At the same time, when water medium is added to the accommodating cavity, the effect of water pressure blasting can be further realized, which can better promote the expansion of fractures around the borehole 16 and improve the rock mass blasting and fragmentation effect.

[0079] Example 3: The following section provides a detailed explanation of the specific construction methods for blasting using the aforementioned integrated variable-diameter charge and packing blasting device, taking into account specific application scenarios.

[0080] In a large open-pit coal mine, for a rock loosening blasting area, based on actual on-site production conditions, the specific construction parameters for deep-hole bench loosening blasting are determined as follows: bench height H is 15m, borehole diameter is 152mm, vertical drilling is used, and on-site mixed ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFOF) explosives are selected. The detonation charge 10 uses one industrial electronic detonator combined with one detonator. Based on theoretical analysis and on-site practical experience, the main blasting parameters designed for the site are: ultra-deep blasting c is 1.5m, and the explosive consumption q is designed to be 0.20kg / m³. 3 The hole spacing is 7.2m and 6.0m respectively. The height and charge amount of the bottom coupling charge section 12 of the borehole are approximately 5.4m and 86kg respectively. The inner diameter of the bottom detonation port 7 of the variable diameter charge tube 6 is 140mm, the inner diameter of the top charge hole 5 is 50mm, and the height of the variable diameter charge tube 6 is approximately 10m. The height of the funnel section 2 is 0.20m. The structural lengths of the clamping block 4 and the filling section 3 are 0.90m and 0.45m respectively. The digital electronic detonator is used for millisecond micro-delay detonation. The delay times between holes are 17ms and 95ms respectively. The cavity between the variable diameter charge tube 6 and the outer casing 1 is filled with water to achieve the effect of water pressure blasting and rock breaking.

[0081] The specific construction method adopts the following steps: Step 1: Based on the results of the on-site blasting test, determine the relevant structural parameters of the integrated variable diameter charge and packing blasting device (i.e., the size parameters of the variable diameter charge tube and the clamping block 4), and process the integrated variable diameter charge and packing blasting device for later use.

[0082] Step 2: After drilling is completed in the blasting zone, all blast holes 16 in the blasting zone must be inspected before loading explosives into the blast holes 16 to ensure that the blast holes 16 meet the on-site loading requirements. At the same time, the variable diameter explosive and tamping integrated blasting device is distributed to a suitable position next to the required blast holes 16.

[0083] Step 3: After each borehole 16 in the blast zone passes inspection, safely pass the detonator lead wire 11 through the inside of the integrated variable-diameter charge and packing blasting device, and place the prepared detonating charge 10 at a suitable position at the borehole opening for later use. According to the blasting design requirements and standards, load the explosive charge into the bottom coupling charge section 12. Then, place the prepared integrated variable-diameter charge and packing blasting device and the detonating charge 10 into the borehole 16 together according to the design requirements. Use a water truck to fill the cavity between the variable-diameter charge tube 6 and the outer casing 1 with water through a flexible hose (ensuring that the water does not overflow from the outer casing 1), and ensure that the detonator lead wire 11 safely extends a certain length outside the borehole 16.

[0084] Step 4: According to the design requirements, continue to fill the charging channel through the charging hole 5 on the clamping slope 17 of the filling part 3 until the charging channel in the variable diameter charging tube 6 is full. Then stop filling and replace it with the filling material 15 (fine sand or rock chips) to continue filling until the charging hole 5 is full of the filling material 15.

[0085] Step 5: As required, align the sliding ramp 18 of the clamping block 4 with the clamping ramp 17 of the loading section 3, and forcefully insert the clamping block 4 into the borehole 16 along the clamping ramp 17 until the clamping block 4 is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole 16 by the reaction force of the clamping ramp 17. At the same time, ensure that the detonator lead wire 11 extends safely from the gap between the two drag-reducing strips 9 to a certain length outside the borehole 16 (the safety of the detonator lead wire 11 must be ensured during the installation of the clamping block 4).

[0086] Step Six: After completing the charging and filling of all blast holes 16 in the blasting zone according to the above steps, connect the detonation network according to the design requirements and carry out the blasting.

[0087] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A blasting device integrating variable diameter charge and packing, characterized in that, include: A variable-diameter charging tube (6) is installed inside the borehole (16); a charging channel is formed inside the variable-diameter charging tube (6), the inner diameter of the charging channel gradually increases from top to bottom, and the bottom end of the charging channel contacts the upper interface of the explosive in the charging section (12) coupled to the bottom of the borehole (16); a loading part (3) is formed at the top of the variable-diameter charging tube (6), the loading part (3) is located above the charging channel; a clamping slope (17) is formed on the side of the loading part (3) facing the muzzle of the borehole (16), and a charging hole (5) is opened on the clamping slope (17), the charging hole (5) penetrates the loading part (3) and communicates with the top end of the charging channel; and, The clamping block (4) is slidably disposed on the clamping inclined surface. When the clamping block (4) slides along the clamping inclined surface to the bottom of the borehole (16) and presses against the clamping inclined surface (17), the loading part (3) can be pressed against the inner wall of the borehole (16), and the clamping block (4) is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole (16) under the reaction force of the clamping inclined surface (17). The parts of the clamping block (4) and the loading part (3) that are in contact with each other can be spliced ​​into a blocking cylinder, which is used to block the borehole (16).

2. The integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charge and packing according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the outer tube (1); The outer sleeve (1) is fitted over the outside of the variable diameter charging tube (6), and the bottom end of the outer sleeve (1) is sealed to the bottom end of the variable diameter charging tube (6) to form a receiving cavity with a top opening between the outer wall of the variable diameter charging tube (6) and the inner wall of the outer sleeve (1).

3. The integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charge and packing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top end of the outer sleeve (1) extends to the bottom end of the filling part (3); The filling part (3) forms a funnel part (2) corresponding to the opening position of the accommodating cavity. The outer diameter of the funnel part (2) gradually decreases from top to bottom. The funnel part (2) is located above the drug loading channel. The drug loading hole (5) penetrates the funnel part (2).

4. The integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charge and packing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping block (4) has a sliding inclined surface (18) on one side of the clamping inclined surface (17), and the clamping block (4) is slidably disposed on the clamping inclined surface (17) through the sliding inclined surface (18).

5. The integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charge and packing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sliding inclined surface (18) is adapted to the pressing inclined surface (17) so that the sliding inclined surface (18) can completely fit on the pressing inclined surface (17).

6. The integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charge and packing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sliding inclined surface (18) is provided with a plurality of drag-reducing strips (9), which protrude from the sliding inclined surface (18) and extend in a direction parallel to the sliding direction of the pressing block (4).

7. The integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charge and packing according to claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple drag-reducing strips (9) are spaced apart, and the gap between two adjacent drag-reducing strips (9) allows the detonator lead wire (11) of the explosive to pass through.

8. The integrated blasting device for variable-diameter explosive charge and packing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer side of the clamping block (4) is provided with a plurality of elastic strips (8), which extend circumferentially along the borehole (16).

9. A blasting method, characterized in that, Using the integrated variable-diameter charge and packing blasting device according to any one of claims 1-8, the blasting method includes: Explosive charges are loaded into the bottom-coupled charging section (12) of the borehole (16); The variable diameter charge and tamping integrated blasting device is placed into the borehole (16) so that the bottom end of the charge channel contacts the upper interface of the explosive in the charge section (12) coupled to the bottom of the borehole (16). Explosives are loaded into the charging channel through the charging hole (5); The clamping block (4) is slid along the clamping ramp (17) toward the bottom of the borehole (16) and pressed against the clamping ramp (17), so that the loading part (3) is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole (16), and the clamping block (4) is pressed against the inner wall of the borehole (16) under the reaction force of the loading part (3), so that the part of the clamping block (4) and the loading part (3) in contact with each other are spliced ​​into a blocking cylinder, and the borehole (16) is blocked by the blocking cylinder; Detonate the explosive charge.

10. The blasting method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The integrated blasting device for variable-diameter charge and packing is the integrated blasting device for variable-diameter charge and packing as described in any one of claims 2-8; After the explosive charge is loaded into the charging channel through the charging hole (5), before the pressing block (4) is slid along the pressing ramp (17) toward the bottom of the borehole (16) and pressed against the pressing ramp (17), the blasting method further includes: loading Newtonian fluid (14) into the accommodating cavity.

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