Hole plugging device for preventing explosive powder from returning and hole plugging process

Abstract

The invention discloses a hole plugging device for preventing explosive powder from returning and a hole plugging process. The hole plugging device comprises an upper structure and a middle connecting structure which are arranged in the rock mass, the upper structure comprises an upper cylindrical shell, the top end of the upper cylindrical shell comprises a one-way single door, and the inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell comprises a limiting clamping ring, a rubber ferrule and a one-way cutting groove; an upper elastic inverted wedge and a positioning pin are arranged at the lower end of the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell; the middle connecting structure comprises a middle cylindrical shell of a hollow structure, and the middle cylindrical shell is arranged on the outer side of the upper cylindrical shell in a sleeving mode. An L-shaped pressing groove for pressing the upper elastic inverted wedge is formed in the upper end of the inner wall of the middle cylindrical shell; an L-shaped positioning groove is formed in the side wall of the middle cylindrical shell, and when the positioning pin is located at the lower right end of the L-shaped positioning groove, the upper elastic inverted wedge is pressed in the L-shaped pressing groove. The device is easy to install, reliable in fixation and safe to use, the follow-up explosive adjustment requirement is met, and precise fitting of accessories can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of blasting construction technology in mining engineering, specifically referring to a plugging device and plugging process for preventing explosive powder return. Background Technology

[0002] In mining blasting operations, it is often necessary to drill holes in the upper layer of the rock mass and fill them with explosives through delivery pipes. However, during the filling process, explosives are prone to powdering due to borehole tilting and gravity, resulting in insufficient explosive filling, poor blasting effect, and even safety hazards.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to plug the hole after the explosive is filled.

[0004] However, existing plugging devices have the following technical problems.

[0005] First, poor fixation reliability: Traditional plugging components are mostly single plug structures, which do not fit tightly with the inner wall of the borehole. They are easily loosened by the impact of explosives or slight disturbance of the rock mass, and cannot effectively prevent powder return. Second, the operation is cumbersome: some plugging devices require special tools to install, and are difficult to disassemble or adjust after installation, making it inconvenient to replenish or reduce the amount of explosives later. Third, insufficient safety: Some devices lack safety designs such as rounded corners, which can easily scratch the drug delivery pipe or the inner wall of the borehole during installation, posing a risk of explosion. Fourth, poor compatibility of accessories: The infusion tube and the plugging device lack a dedicated positioning structure, and the rubber sleeve is prone to displacement, resulting in asynchronous pushing and affecting installation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a plugging device and plugging process to prevent explosive powder backflow. It is simple to install, reliably fixed, safe to use, and also takes into account the subsequent explosive adjustment needs. At the same time, it can achieve precise matching of accessories to meet the actual needs of mining blasting operations.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this invention designs a plugging device to prevent explosive powder return, which is characterized by including an upper structure and an intermediate connecting structure placed inside the rock mass, wherein the upper structure and the intermediate connecting structure are used in conjunction with the explosive delivery pipe. The upper structure includes a hollow upper cylindrical shell. The top of the upper cylindrical shell is provided with a one-way single-opening door that can only open outwards and automatically resets and closes. When the one-way single-opening door is closed, it is in a sealed state with the upper cylindrical shell. The inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell is provided with a limiting ring, and the bottom end of the limiting ring is provided with a rubber sleeve adapted to the drug delivery tube. The inner diameter of the limiting ring is smaller than the outer diameter of the rubber sleeve, and the rubber sleeve fits tightly against the head of the drug delivery tube. The inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell is also provided with a one-way cutting groove for cutting the rubber sleeve. The one-way cutting groove is located at the bottom end of the limiting ring and is set at the corresponding position of the rubber sleeve. The lower end of the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell is provided with an upper elastic inverted wedge. The upper elastic inverted wedge has an annular tooth structure, and the annular tooth structure is inclined towards the inside of the borehole. When it is closed, it fits against the upper cylindrical shell. When it is unfolded, the tooth structure is locked with the inner wall of the borehole. The bottom end of the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell is also provided with a positioning pin, which is located below the upper elastic inverted wedge. The intermediate connecting structure includes a hollow cylindrical shell, which is fitted onto the outer side of the upper cylindrical shell. The upper end of the inner wall of the middle cylindrical shell is chiseled with an L-shaped groove for pressing the upper elastic wedge, and the top of the L-shaped groove is located below the upper elastic wedge. The side wall of the middle cylindrical shell is chiseled with an L-shaped positioning groove that cooperates with the positioning pin. When the positioning pin is located at the lower right end of the L-shaped positioning groove, the upper elastic wedge is pressed inside the L-shaped groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the plugging device also includes a lower structure placed inside the rock mass, which is used in conjunction with the drug delivery pipe; the lower structure includes a hollow lower cylindrical shell, and the lower cylindrical shell and the middle cylindrical shell are connected as a whole; a lower elastic inverted wedge is provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the lower cylindrical shell, and the lower elastic inverted wedge has an annular tooth structure, and the annular tooth structure is inclined towards the outside of the borehole.

[0009] Furthermore, an annular groove is cut into the lower part of the inner wall of the lower cylindrical shell, and a ball bearing is wrapped inside the annular groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the ball bearing is made of wear-resistant alloy steel.

[0011] Furthermore, the one-way cutting groove is arranged perpendicularly to the rubber ferrule, and the one-way cutting groove is a metal cutting edge structure that is inclined in a counterclockwise direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the locating pin is clearance-fitted with the L-shaped locating groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper elastic inverted wedge is made of spring steel and is evenly distributed along the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell.

[0014] This invention also designs a plugging process for preventing explosive powder backflow, applicable to the aforementioned plugging device for preventing explosive powder backflow, characterized by the following steps: S1) Drill a hole, and the outer diameter of the hole is compatible with that of the plugging device; Manually snap the rubber ring onto the head of the matching infusion tube, ensuring a tight fit between the rubber ring and the head of the infusion tube. Then, move the head of the matching infusion tube, along with the rubber ring, through the lower cylindrical shell, the middle cylindrical shell, and the upper cylindrical shell in sequence, so that the rubber ring is precisely snapped onto the bottom of the limiting ring on the inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell. S2) The plugging device is pushed to the designated position in the borehole through the delivery tube. The delivery tube is rotated counterclockwise, which drives the positioning pin to move laterally to the left along the L-shaped positioning groove until it can no longer move. Then the delivery tube is pushed towards the inside of the borehole, which drives the positioning pin to move vertically upward along the L-shaped positioning groove. Simultaneously, the upper elastic wedge is pulled outward, so that the upper and lower elastic wedges are clamped and fixed to the inner wall of the borehole. S3) Rotate the delivery tube clockwise to cut the rubber sleeve with the one-way cutting groove and release the delivery tube; then insert the delivery tube into the borehole to deliver explosives into the borehole; after the delivery is completed, pull out the delivery tube.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes step S4), if it is necessary to add or reduce explosives, insert the explosive delivery tube back into the hollow channel of the plugging device, add or remove explosives accordingly, and finally pull out the explosive delivery tube.

[0016] The advantages of this invention are: 1. The invention has a reliable anti-powdering effect: the one-way single-opening door design at the top enables automatic closure after the explosive is delivered, blocking the return of explosive powder from the source and ensuring the quality of blasting operations; 2. The accessories of this invention have strong adaptability: the newly added limiting ring realizes the precise positioning of the rubber ring, and together with the integrated drug delivery tube, it ensures that the plugging device and the drug delivery tube move synchronously during the pushing process, thereby improving the installation efficiency; 3. The present invention is easy to install and fix: the rubber ring friction drives the plugging device to be pushed into the drill hole, and with the simple operation of rotating the medicine delivery tube to the left and pushing the medicine delivery tube upward, the upper elastic wedge fixation can be triggered. No special tools are required and the installation time is ≤3 minutes. 4. The invention has strong fixing stability: the upper and lower parts are fitted with bidirectional elastic inverted wedges, forming multiple points of clamping with the inner wall of the borehole, which has strong anti-disturbance ability and ensures that the device does not loosen during construction; 5. The invention offers flexible subsequent operations: After the unidirectional cutting groove cuts the rubber ring, the delivery pipe can freely enter and exit the hollow channel, facilitating the subsequent addition or reduction of liquid explosives and adapting to different blasting requirements. 6. The invention is safe and reliable to use: The overall structure of the plugging device is rounded, and the head of the drug delivery tube is rounded, thereby avoiding sharp edges from scratching the drug delivery tube or the inner wall of the borehole and reducing construction safety risks. The present invention relates to a plugging device and plugging process for preventing explosive powder return. It is simple to install, reliable to fix, safe to use, and takes into account the subsequent explosive adjustment needs. At the same time, it can achieve precise matching of accessories to meet the actual needs of mining blasting operations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the plugging device for preventing explosive powder return in this invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper structure of the hole-plugging device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the intermediate connecting structure and the lower structure of the hole-plugging device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the intermediate connecting structure of the plugging device of the present invention and the matching drug delivery tube. Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of the one-way cutting groove, rubber sleeve, and matching drug delivery tube of the plugging device of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the one-way, single-opening door structure of the hole-blocking device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the plugging device of the present invention during the drug delivery stage; In the diagram: 1. Upper structure; 2. Middle connecting structure; 3. Lower structure; 4. Drug delivery tube; The upper structure 1 includes: an upper cylindrical shell 1-1, a one-way single-opening door 1-2, a limiting retaining ring 1-3, a rubber collar 1-4, a one-way cutting groove 1-5, an upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6, and a positioning pin 1-7; The intermediate connection structure 2 includes: a cylindrical shell 2-1, an L-shaped pressure groove 2-2, and an L-shaped positioning groove 2-3; The lower structure 3 includes: a lower cylindrical shell 3-1, a lower elastic inverted wedge 3-2, an annular groove 3-3, and a ball bearing 3-4. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0020] like Figures 1-6As shown, a plugging device for preventing explosive powder return includes an upper structure 1 and an intermediate connecting structure 2 placed inside the rock mass. The upper structure 1 and the intermediate connecting structure 2 are used in conjunction with the explosive delivery pipe 4.

[0021] The upper structure 1 includes a hollow upper cylindrical shell 1-1.

[0022] In this embodiment, the upper cylindrical shell 1-1 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy or high-strength engineering plastic, with a total length of 200-350mm, an outer diameter of 60-100mm, and a hollow channel diameter of 40-60mm, to meet the passage requirements of the matching drug delivery tube 4.

[0023] The top of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1 is provided with a one-way single-opening door 1-2 that can only open outwards, and when the one-way single-opening door 1-2 is closed, it is in a sealed state with the upper cylindrical shell 1-1.

[0024] The one-way single-opening door 1-2 is made of elastic plastic material, which has good sealing performance when closed. It can be easily opened by the infusion tube 4 when administering medicine, and automatically resets and closes after the tube is removed. The sealing pressure is ≥0.1MPa.

[0025] In this embodiment, the one-way single-opening door 1-2 is made of polyurethane elastic material. When closed, the sealing surface fits tightly, the sealing pressure is 0.15MPa, and the opening force is ≤5N, ensuring that the drug delivery tube 4 can be easily opened.

[0026] The inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1 is provided with a limiting ring 1-3, and the bottom end of the limiting ring 1-3 is provided with a rubber sleeve 1-4 adapted to the drug delivery tube 4, and the inner diameter of the limiting ring 1-3 is smaller than the outer diameter of the rubber sleeve 1-4. The rubber sleeve 1-4 fits tightly against the head of the drug delivery tube 4.

[0027] In this embodiment, the limiting ring 1-3 is made of hard alloy material with a thickness of 2mm. Its inner diameter is 2mm smaller than the outer diameter of the rubber ring 1-4, which can firmly lock the rubber ring 1-4.

[0028] The rubber rings 1-4 are made of wear-resistant rubber with a thickness of 5mm, and fit tightly against the head of the infusion tube 4.

[0029] The inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1 is also provided with a one-way cutting groove 1-5 for cutting the rubber ring 1-4. The one-way cutting groove 1-5 is located at the bottom end of the limiting ring 1-3 and is set at the corresponding position of the rubber ring 1-4.

[0030] In this embodiment, multiple unidirectional cutting grooves 1-5 are arranged circumferentially, and each unidirectional cutting groove 1-5 is arranged perpendicularly to the rubber ring 1-4.

[0031] After the unidirectional cutting groove 1-5 cuts the rubber ring 1-4, the drug delivery tube 4 can freely enter and exit the hollow channel.

[0032] Preferably, the cutting edge of the one-way cutting groove 1-5 is inclined in the counterclockwise direction. When the drug delivery tube 4 is rotated in the clockwise direction, the drug delivery tube 4, together with the rubber sleeve 1-4, is driven to rotate in the clockwise direction under the action of close friction, and the one-way cutting groove 1-5 cuts the rubber sleeve 1-4.

[0033] In this embodiment, the unidirectional cutting groove 1-5 is made of cemented carbide with a thickness of 2mm, a cutting angle of 30°, and a cutting force of ≤5N, to ensure smooth cutting of rubber rings 1-4.

[0034] The lower end of the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1 is provided with an upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6. The upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6 has an annular tooth structure, and the annular tooth structure is inclined towards the inside of the borehole. When it is closed, it fits against the upper cylindrical shell 1-1. When it is unfolded, the tooth structure is locked with the inner wall of the borehole.

[0035] In this embodiment, the upper elastic inverted wedges 1-6 are made of 65Mn spring steel with a thickness of 3mm, and there are 30 of them. They are evenly arranged along the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1, and have good elastic recovery ability and wear resistance.

[0036] The bottom of the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1 is also provided with a positioning pin 1-7, which is located below the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6.

[0037] In this embodiment, the positioning pins 1-7 are cylindrical metal parts with a diameter of 5mm and a length of 10mm. They are made of No. 45 steel and have been treated with anti-rust treatment.

[0038] The components of the upper structure 1 work together as follows: The upper cylindrical shell 1-1 serves as the main support structure, with a pre-reserved channel for the delivery pipe 4 inside to ensure smooth entry and exit of the delivery pipe 4. A one-way, single-opening door 1-2 is located at the upper end of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1, employing an elastic reset design. It is opened by the delivery pipe 4 during delivery and automatically closes after the pipe is removed, completely blocking the explosive powder return path. The upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6 is a ring-shaped toothed structure that normally engages with the L-shaped pressure groove 2-2 in the intermediate connecting structure 2, wrapping around the outside of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1 and fitting snugly against it. When the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6 unfolds, it moves downwards without resistance, and when it moves upwards, the toothed structure engages tightly with the inner wall of the borehole. A positioning pin 1-7 is located on the upper cylindrical shell 1-1. The bottom outer layer of the cylindrical shell 1-1 serves as the core component connecting the intermediate connecting structure 2 and triggering the unfolding of the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6. The limiting ring 1-3 is an annular protrusion structure, encircling the inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1. Its inner diameter is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the rubber ring 1-4, which can achieve precise positioning of the rubber ring 1-4 and ensure that the rubber ring 1-4 is stably locked in the fixed position of the upper structure 1, providing stable friction for the synchronous pushing of the drug delivery tube 4 and the plugging device. The one-way cutting groove 1-5 is located on the inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1, directly below the limiting ring 1-3. It has a sharp cutting edge and is used to cut the rubber ring 1-4 after the plugging device is fixed, releasing the drug delivery tube 4.

[0039] Rubber rings 1-4 are manually engaged at the position of the limiting rings 1-3 on the upper structure 1. By using the friction between them and the head of the delivery tube 4, the delivery tube 4 and the plugging device move synchronously during the pushing process, providing power for the plugging device to be pushed into the borehole. The delivery tube 4 is an integrated component of the device, with a tube diameter adapted to the hollow channel and a rounded head design, which can safely open the one-way single-opening door 1-2 to complete the delivery of explosives.

[0040] The intermediate connecting structure 2 includes a hollow cylindrical shell 2-1, which is fitted onto the outside of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1.

[0041] The upper end of the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 2-1 is chiseled with an L-shaped groove 2-2 for pressing the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6, and the top of the L-shaped groove 2-2 is located below the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6.

[0042] The cylindrical shell 2-1 has an L-shaped positioning groove 2-3 cut into its side wall to mate with the positioning pin 1-7.

[0043] In this embodiment, the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3 is 6mm wide and 5mm deep, and has a right-angle groove structure. The positioning pin 1-7 is in clearance fit with the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3 to ensure smooth triggering of the upper elastic wedge 1-6 during rotation and pushing.

[0044] When the locating pin 1-7 is located at the lower right end of the L-shaped locating groove 2-3, the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6 is pressed inside the L-shaped pressure groove 2-2.

[0045] The original position of the positioning pin 1-7 is located at the lower right end of the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3. At this time, the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6 is pressed inside the L-shaped pressure groove 2-2, so that the upper structure 1 and the intermediate connecting structure 2 can move freely inside the borehole.

[0046] When the positioning pin 1-7 slides upward along the vertical groove of the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3, the upper elastic wedge 1-6 disengages from the L-shaped pressure groove 2-2, unfolds outward, and abuts against the inner wall of the borehole, so that the upper structure 1 is firmly locked in the borehole.

[0047] The components of intermediate connection structure 2 work together as follows: The intermediate connecting structure 2 achieves a stable connection between the upper and lower structures through the precise cooperation of the positioning pin 1-7 and the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3, preventing separation during use. During operation, the action of rotating the drug delivery tube 4 counterclockwise drives the upper structure 1 to rotate synchronously, causing the positioning pin 1-7 to move laterally to the left along the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3 until it can no longer move. Then, by pushing the drug delivery tube 4 upward, the positioning pin 1-7 is driven to move vertically upward along the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3, which simultaneously drives the clamped upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6 to unfold outward, realizing the clamping and fixing of the hole plugging device to the inner wall of the borehole. Finally, by rotating the drug delivery tube 4 clockwise, the one-way cutting groove 1-5 cuts the rubber sleeve 1-4, releasing the drug delivery tube 4.

[0048] Preferably, the plugging device further includes a lower structure 3 located inside the rock mass, which is used in conjunction with the drug delivery pipe 4. The lower structure 3 includes a hollow lower cylindrical shell 3-1, and the lower cylindrical shell 3-1 and the middle cylindrical shell 2-1 are connected as a whole.

[0049] In this embodiment, the lower cylindrical shell 3-1 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, with a total length of 200-350mm, an outer diameter of 60-100mm, and a hollow channel diameter of 40-60mm, to meet the passage requirements of the matching drug delivery tube 4.

[0050] The lower cylindrical shell 3-1 has a lower elastic inverted wedge 3-2 on the upper part of its outer wall. The lower elastic inverted wedge 3-2 has an annular tooth structure, and the annular tooth structure is inclined towards the outside of the borehole.

[0051] When the upper structure 1, the intermediate connecting structure 2, and the lower structure 3 are pushed into the borehole together, the drug delivery pipe 4 is pulled outward, and the lower elastic inverted wedge 3-2 abuts against the inner wall of the borehole, so that the lower structure 3 is firmly locked inside the borehole.

[0052] In this embodiment, the lower elastic inverted wedge 3-2 is made of 65Mn spring steel with a thickness of 3mm, and there are 30 of them. They are evenly arranged along the outer wall of the lower cylindrical shell 3-1, and have good elastic recovery ability and wear resistance.

[0053] In this application, the lower elastic wedge 3-2 and the upper elastic wedge 1-6 have the same parameters but are set in opposite directions to ensure a bidirectional clamping effect.

[0054] Preferably, an annular groove 3-3 is chiseled into the lower part of the inner wall of the lower cylindrical shell 3-1, and a ball bearing 3-4 is wrapped inside the annular groove 3-3. The number of the ball bearing 3-4 is 10 to 30, which are evenly distributed inside the annular groove 3-3. The diameter of the ball bearing 3-4 is 3 to 10 mm, and the material is wear-resistant alloy steel.

[0055] The components of the lower structure 3 work together as follows: The core function of the lower structure 3 is to assist in installation and enhance the stability of the fixation. The lower cylindrical shell 3-1 is size-matched with the upper cylindrical shell 1-1 to form an integral hollow channel to ensure the passage of the drug delivery tube. The lower elastic inverted wedge 3-2 wraps around the outside of the lower cylindrical shell 3-1, opposite in direction to the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6, and is in the unfolded state in advance. It moves into the borehole without resistance and clamps the inner wall of the borehole when moving out of the borehole, forming a two-way clamping effect with the upper elastic inverted wedge 1-6. The ball bearings 3-4 built into the bottom end are evenly distributed inside the annular groove 3-3, which can greatly reduce the frictional resistance between the drug delivery tube 4 and the inner wall of the borehole when it is pushed into the borehole, making the installation smoother.

[0056] In this embodiment, the drug delivery tube 4 is made of high-strength wear-resistant plastic material with a diameter of 40mm and a head chamfer radius of 5mm, which can smoothly pass through the hollow channel of the device.

[0057] The present invention also designs a plugging process for preventing explosive powder return, which is applicable to the above-mentioned plugging device for preventing explosive powder return. It mainly includes four stages: installation preparation, fixing, explosive delivery, and subsequent adjustment. The stages are smoothly connected and easy to operate.

[0058] The specific steps are as follows: S1) Installation preparation stage.

[0059] Drill a hole, and ensure that the outer diameter of the hole matches that of the plugging device; Manually attach the rubber sleeve 1-4 to the head of the matching drug delivery tube 4, ensuring a tight fit between the rubber sleeve 1-4 and the head of the drug delivery tube 4. Then, guide the head of the matching drug delivery tube 4, moving the rubber sleeve 1-4 sequentially through the lower cylindrical shell 3-1, the middle cylindrical shell 2-1, and the upper cylindrical shell 1-1, so that the rubber sleeve 1-4 is precisely positioned at the bottom of the limiting retaining ring 1-3 on the inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell 1-1.

[0060] Specifically, drilling equipment is used to drill holes in the upper layer of the rock mass, with the hole diameter matching that of the plugging device. The drilling depth is determined according to the blasting requirements. After drilling is completed, debris and impurities are cleaned from the hole wall to ensure that the hole wall is smooth and clean.

[0061] Align the head of the matching drug delivery tube 4 with the lower cylindrical shell 3-1, and easily insert the ball bearing 9 wrapped in the annular groove 10 into the hollow channel of the plugging device. With the help of the friction between the rubber ring 1-4 and the head of the drug delivery tube 4, a temporary fixed connection between the drug delivery tube 4 and the plugging device is achieved.

[0062] S2) Fixed phase.

[0063] The plugging device is pushed into the borehole through the drug delivery tube 4. The drug delivery tube 4 is pushed into the borehole to the designated position. The drug delivery tube 4 is rotated counterclockwise, which drives the positioning pin 1-7 to move laterally to the left along the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3 until it can no longer move. Then, the drug delivery tube 4 is pushed into the borehole, which drives the positioning pin 1-7 to move vertically upward along the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3. At the same time, the upper elastic wedge 1-6 is pulled outward, so that the upper elastic wedge 1-6 and the lower elastic wedge 3-2 are clamped and fixed to the inner wall of the borehole.

[0064] Specifically, holding the delivery tube 4, align the plugging device with the borehole entrance and slowly push it into the borehole. The friction between the delivery tube 4 and the rubber sleeve 1-4 causes the plugging device to move synchronously into the borehole until it reaches the preset position. Keeping the delivery tube 4 stable, rotate it counterclockwise, causing the positioning pin 1-7 to move laterally to the left along the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3 until it can no longer move. Then push the delivery tube 4 towards the inside of the borehole, causing the positioning pin 1-7 to move vertically upwards along the L-shaped positioning groove 2-3, allowing the upper elastic wedge 1-6 to unfold outwards. The upper structure 1 is then locked and fixed to the inner wall of the borehole, while the lower elastic wedge 3-2 is also locked and fixed to the inner wall of the borehole. At this point, the upper elastic wedge 1-6 and the lower elastic wedge 3-2 are locked to the inner wall of the borehole in opposite directions, forming a bidirectional fixation that firmly locks the plugging device inside the borehole.

[0065] S3) Drug delivery stage.

[0066] Rotate the delivery tube 4 clockwise, and the one-way cutting groove 1-5 will cut the rubber ring 1-4, releasing the delivery tube 4; then insert the delivery tube 4 into the borehole to deliver explosives into the borehole; after the delivery is completed, pull out the delivery tube 4.

[0067] Specifically, gently rotate the drug delivery tube 4 clockwise. At this point, the right side of the positioning pin 1-7 is already locked. When you turn it to the right, a tight friction will be generated. The friction will cause the rubber sleeve 1-4 to cut with the one-way cutting groove 1-5, thereby cutting off the rubber sleeve 1-4. This allows the drug delivery tube 4 to move freely inside the upper cylindrical shell 1-1, the middle cylindrical shell 2-1, and the lower cylindrical shell 3-1.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, the delivery pipe 4 is inserted into the borehole through the hollow channel of the plugging device to deliver explosives into the borehole. During the delivery process, the one-way single-opening door 1-2 is pushed open by the delivery pipe 4 to ensure smooth flow of explosives; after the delivery is completed, the delivery pipe 4 is slowly pulled out, and the one-way single-opening door 1-2 automatically closes under its own elasticity, tightly fitting the inner wall of the channel and preventing the return of explosive powder.

[0069] S4) Subsequent adjustment phase.

[0070] If it is necessary to add or reduce explosives, simply insert the delivery tube 4 back into the hollow channel of the plugging device. During insertion, the one-way single-opening door 1-2 is pushed open, allowing for the addition of explosives. If it is necessary to reduce explosives, extract some explosives through the delivery tube 4 and then pull it out. The one-way single-opening door 1-2 will automatically close again, maintaining the anti-powdering effect at all times.

[0071] The present invention relates to a plugging device and plugging process for preventing explosive powder return. It is simple to install, reliable to fix, safe to use, and takes into account the subsequent explosive adjustment needs. At the same time, it can achieve precise matching of accessories to meet the actual needs of mining blasting operations.

[0072] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plugging device for preventing explosive powder backflow, characterized in that: It includes an upper structure (1) and an intermediate connecting structure (2) placed inside the rock mass, wherein the upper structure (1) and the intermediate connecting structure (2) are used in conjunction with the drug delivery pipe (4); The upper structure (1) includes a hollow upper cylindrical shell (1-1), and the top of the upper cylindrical shell (1-1) is provided with a one-way single-opening door (1-2) that can only open to the outside and automatically resets and closes. When the one-way single-opening door (1-2) is closed, it is in a sealed state with the upper cylindrical shell (1-1). The inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell (1-1) is provided with a limiting ring (1-3), and the bottom end of the limiting ring (1-3) is provided with a rubber sleeve (1-4) adapted to the drug delivery tube (4). The inner diameter of the limiting ring (1-3) is smaller than the outer diameter of the rubber sleeve (1-4). The rubber sleeve (1-4) fits tightly against the head of the drug delivery tube (4). The inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell (1-1) is also provided with a one-way cutting groove (1-5) for cutting the rubber sleeve (1-4). The one-way cutting groove (1-5) is located at the bottom end of the limiting ring (1-3) and is set at the corresponding position of the rubber sleeve (1-4). The lower end of the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell (1-1) is provided with an upper elastic inverted wedge (1-6). The upper elastic inverted wedge (1-6) has an annular tooth structure, and the annular tooth structure is inclined towards the inside of the borehole. When it is closed, it fits against the upper cylindrical shell (1-1). When it is unfolded, the tooth structure is locked against the inner wall of the borehole. The bottom end of the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell (1-1) is also provided with a positioning pin (1-7). The positioning pin (1-7) is located below the upper elastic inverted wedge (1-6). The intermediate connecting structure (2) includes a hollow cylindrical shell (2-1), which is fitted on the outside of the upper cylindrical shell (1-1). The upper end of the inner wall of the cylindrical shell (2-1) is chiseled with an L-shaped groove (2-2) for pressing the upper elastic wedge (1-6), and the top of the L-shaped groove (2-2) is located below the upper elastic wedge (1-6). The side wall of the cylindrical shell (2-1) is chiseled with an L-shaped positioning groove (2-3) that cooperates with the positioning pin (1-7). When the positioning pin (1-7) is located at the lower right end of the L-shaped positioning groove (2-3), the upper elastic wedge (1-6) is pressed inside the L-shaped groove (2-2).

2. The plugging device for preventing explosive powder return according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plugging device also includes a lower structure (3) placed inside the rock body, which is used in conjunction with the drug delivery pipe (4); the lower structure (3) includes a hollow lower cylindrical shell (3-1), and the lower cylindrical shell (3-1) and the middle cylindrical shell (2-1) are connected as a whole; a lower elastic inverted wedge (3-2) is provided on the upper part of the outer wall of the lower cylindrical shell (3-1), and the lower elastic inverted wedge (3-2) has an annular tooth structure, and the annular tooth structure is inclined towards the outside of the borehole.

3. The plugging device for preventing explosive powder return according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower cylindrical shell (3-1) has an annular groove (3-3) cut into the lower part of its inner wall, and a ball bearing (3-4) is wrapped inside the annular groove (3-3).

4. The plugging device for preventing explosive powder return according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ball bearings (3-4) are made of wear-resistant alloy steel.

5. The plugging device for preventing explosive powder return according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way cutting groove (1-5) is arranged perpendicularly to the rubber sleeve (1-4), and the one-way cutting groove (1-5) is a metal cutting edge structure that is inclined in the counterclockwise direction.

6. The plugging device for preventing explosive powder return according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning pin (1-7) is clearance-fitted with the L-shaped positioning groove (2-3).

7. The plugging device for preventing explosive powder return according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper elastic inverted wedge (1-6) is made of spring steel and is evenly distributed along the outer wall of the upper cylindrical shell (1-1).

8. A plugging process for preventing explosive powder backflow, applicable to the plugging device for preventing explosive powder backflow as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1) Drill a hole, and the outer diameter of the hole is compatible with that of the plugging device; Manually attach the rubber ring (1-4) to the head of the matching drug delivery tube (4) so ​​that the rubber ring (1-4) fits tightly against the head of the drug delivery tube (4). Then, move the head of the matching drug delivery tube (4) to insert the rubber ring (1-4) into the lower cylindrical shell (3-1), the middle cylindrical shell (2-1), and the upper cylindrical shell (1-1) in sequence, so that the rubber ring (1-4) is just attached to the bottom of the limiting ring (1-3) on the inner wall of the upper cylindrical shell (1-1). S2) Push the plugging device to the designated position in the borehole through the delivery tube (4), rotate the delivery tube (4) counterclockwise, and drive the positioning pin (1-7) to move laterally to the left along the L-shaped positioning groove (2-3) until it can no longer move; then push the delivery tube (4) towards the inside of the borehole, drive the positioning pin (1-7) to move vertically upward along the L-shaped positioning groove (2-3), and simultaneously drive the upper elastic wedge (1-6) to unfold outward, so that the upper elastic wedge (1-6) and the lower elastic wedge (3-2) are clamped and fixed to the inner wall of the borehole; S3) Rotate the delivery tube (4) clockwise, and the one-way cutting groove (1-5) cuts off the rubber ring (1-4) to release the delivery tube (4); then insert the delivery tube (4) into the borehole to deliver explosives into the borehole; after the delivery is completed, pull out the delivery tube (4).

9. The plugging process for preventing explosive powder return according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes step S4). If it is necessary to add or reduce explosives, insert the delivery tube (4) back into the hollow channel of the plugging device to add or remove explosives accordingly, and finally pull out the delivery tube (4).

Images