SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power equipment safety monitoring, and discloses an SF6 leakage environment on-line monitoring system and method, and the system comprises a sensing layer which is disposed in a monitoring region and is used for collecting environment state data. The sensing layer realizes multi-parameter high-precision acquisition through an SF6 / O2 two-in-one sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor and a human body infrared sensor based on a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) double-beam difference technology; the core innovation lies in that a monitoring host of an edge control layer has local intelligence, can perform fusion analysis on multi-source data and execute millisecond linkage control (sound and light alarm and fan start and stop) without depending on a cloud network, and solves the problem of response delay of a traditional cloud dependent architecture; and the network layer uploads the data to a cloud platform for deep analysis and centralized management. According to the invention, the transformation from passive alarm to active intelligent protection is realized, and the real-time performance, reliability and intelligent level of the substation environment safety are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment safety monitoring technology, specifically to an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments. Background Technology

[0002] SF6 gas, due to its excellent insulation and arc-extinguishing capabilities, has been widely used in high-voltage switchgear, GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear), circuit breakers, and other power equipment since the 1950s. Its insulation strength is 2.5 times that of air, and its arc-extinguishing capability is 100 times that of air, making it an ideal insulation and arc-extinguishing medium for high-voltage electrical equipment. However, it is also one of the most greenhouse gases, and its arc decomposition products are toxic. Therefore, strict monitoring of its leakage is a rigid requirement for power grid safety and environmental protection.

[0003] Traditional SF6 leak monitoring solutions have evolved from mechanical instruments to online systems. Current mainstream systems are mostly based on a centralized architecture of "sensor acquisition, data upload, central server analysis, and command issuance." In practical applications, we have found a deep-seated flaw in this architecture: its safety response heavily relies on the real-time performance and reliability of the network channel. In the complex electromagnetic environment of substations or during occasional network outages, the chain from the occurrence of a leak to the generation of an alarm command in the cloud may be delayed by tens of seconds or even broken, posing a direct threat to personnel safety requiring millisecond-level response. Furthermore, existing systems are functionally limited, often only focusing on SF6 concentration exceeding limits, failing to correlate with oxygen content, personnel intrusion, and fan status to form a comprehensive risk management system. Their level of intelligence is insufficient, and their operation and maintenance mode is passive.

[0004] Although the use of more precise NDIR sensors has improved detection accuracy, the limitations of the system architecture remain unresolved. How to construct a monitoring system that can independently, quickly, and correctly execute safety linkages even when disconnected from the cloud has become a key technical challenge in improving the intrinsic safety level of substations. Therefore, an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments, which has the advantages of real-time response, intelligent linkage, reliability and stability, and efficient operation and maintenance. It solves the problems of response delay, low system intelligence, poor equipment environmental adaptability, and passive operation and maintenance mode of traditional cloud-dependent architecture.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the aforementioned objectives of real-time response, intelligent linkage, reliability, stability, and efficient operation and maintenance, this invention provides the following technical solution: an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments, comprising: The sensing layer, deployed in the monitoring area, is used to collect environmental status data. It includes: an SF6 / O2 dual-sensor based on non-dispersive infrared technology for simultaneous detection of SF6 gas concentration and oxygen concentration; a temperature and humidity sensor for collecting ambient temperature and humidity; and a human infrared sensor for detecting personnel entering and moving around. An edge control layer, connected to the sensing layer by a signal, includes a monitoring host; the monitoring host is configured to: receive and process data uploaded by the sensing layer, independently judge the processed data based on a preset local alarm logic, and generate a linkage control command when the judgment result meets the alarm conditions; The execution and interaction layer is signal-connected to the edge control layer and is used to receive the linkage control command and execute the corresponding local action, including an audible and visual alarm and an exhaust fan controller. The network and cloud platform layer is connected to the edge control layer through a communication network. It is used to receive, store and analyze data and event logs uploaded by the edge control layer, and provide a remote human-machine interaction interface.

[0007] Preferably, the SF6 / O2 dual-sensor includes an infrared light source, two infrared filters with different center wavelengths, an infrared detector, and a signal processing circuit; wherein, one filter corresponds to the characteristic absorption wavelength of SF6 gas, and the other serves as a reference channel; the signal processing circuit eliminates environmental common-mode interference and outputs digital signals of SF6 concentration and oxygen concentration through dual-beam differential calculation.

[0008] Preferably, the monitoring host includes a microprocessor unit, a storage module, and a communication interface module. The storage module pre-stores local alarm thresholds and linkage logic. The microprocessor unit is configured to: perform temperature compensation calculations on sensor data and compare the compensated data with the local alarm thresholds in real time; when the SF6 concentration exceeds a first threshold, and / or the oxygen concentration is lower than a second threshold, and / or personnel are detected entering and the environmental data is abnormal, trigger the linkage logic to generate control commands for activating audible and visual alarms and / or exhaust fans.

[0009] Preferably, the monitoring host also has a data caching function. When communication with the network and cloud platform layer is interrupted, the processed data and event records are continuously stored in the local storage module. After communication is restored, the cached data is automatically transmitted to the cloud platform.

[0010] Preferably, the edge control layer is connected to the sensing layer via an RS485 bus or wireless LoRa communication, and the edge control layer is connected to the network layer via an Ethernet or 4G / 5G mobile communication network.

[0011] Preferably, the network and cloud platform layer includes a cloud server and a distributed database. The cloud server provides data interfaces, business logic processing, and web services. The distributed database is used to store historical monitoring data, alarm events, and system configuration information. The cloud platform layer also provides trend analysis based on historical data, report generation, and alarm information push services via mobile applications or WeChat.

[0012] Preferably, the execution and interaction layer further includes an LED display screen located at the entrance of the monitoring area. The LED display screen is communicatively connected to the monitoring host and is used to display the current SF6 concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature and humidity, and system status information in real time.

[0013] Preferably, the system further includes a remote control module, which is integrated into the human-machine interface of the cloud platform layer. Authorized users can send remote control commands to the edge control layer through the interface to remotely and manually start and stop the exhaust fan, the silencer and audible and visual alarm, or modify local alarm threshold parameters.

[0014] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments, comprising the following steps: 1) Through multiple sensors in the sensing layer, real-time synchronous acquisition of SF6 concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature and humidity, and personnel activity signals in the monitored area is achieved; 2) The monitoring host of the edge control layer receives the acquired signals and performs analog-to-digital conversion and signal processing; 3) The monitoring host performs real-time analysis and judgment on the processed data based on the built-in algorithm and local thresholds; 4) If the judgment result triggers the alarm condition, the monitoring host immediately sends a linkage control command to the execution and interaction layer to drive the audible and visual alarm and / or ventilation action, and at the same time generates an alarm event record; 5) The monitoring host will upload the collected periodic data, event records, and system status information to the network and cloud platform layer via the communication network; 6) The cloud platform layer performs persistent storage and multi-dimensional analysis on the uploaded data, and pushes the analysis results and alarm information to relevant operation and maintenance personnel through multi-terminal applications.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and method, by deploying an SF6 / O2 dual-sensor based on non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) dual-beam differential technology, a temperature and humidity sensor, and a human infrared sensor at the sensing layer, constructs a multi-dimensional, high-precision environmental state sensing network. It realizes synchronous and accurate collection of SF6 leakage, oxygen deficiency risk, personnel intrusion, and environmental anomalies, providing comprehensive and reliable input for intelligent decision-making from the data source. It solves the problems of single monitoring dimensions and weak data foundation of traditional systems, and improves the practicality of the system.

[0016] 2. This SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and method, by setting up a monitoring host with independent judgment and decision-making capabilities at the edge control layer, and pre-storing alarm thresholds and linkage logic in its local storage module, enables the system to complete the entire process of "data acquisition, analysis, judgment, and command generation" directly on-site without relying on the cloud network. This achieves a local security response of less than 3 seconds at the millisecond level, fundamentally overcoming the core security shortcoming of traditional cloud-dependent architectures caused by network latency or interruption, which is the slow response time, and further improving the practicality of the system.

[0017] 3. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method, by enabling the microprocessor unit of the monitoring host to execute specific fusion judgment logic, that is, comprehensively judge the combination of multiple conditions such as SF6 concentration exceeding the standard, oxygen concentration being insufficient, personnel entering and environmental abnormality, etc., it has achieved a leap from single parameter threshold alarm to multi-scenario, intelligent collaborative linkage. Among them, the system can accurately identify complex risks such as "personnel entering the leakage warning area" and trigger graded and differentiated handling strategies, which significantly improves the refinement and initiative of safety protection and further enhances the practicality of the system.

[0018] 4. This SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and method, by providing the monitoring host with data caching and breakpoint resume functions, ensures that all sensor data and event records can be completely saved in the local storage module during temporary network communication interruptions, and are automatically uploaded to the cloud after the network is restored. This ensures the continuity and indispensability of the monitoring data chain, provides solid data evidence support for accident retrospection, fault analysis and responsibility determination, and further enhances the practicality of the system.

[0019] 5. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method, through a flexible networking architecture that supports multiple communication methods such as RS485, LoRa, Ethernet, and 4G / 5G, enables the system to adapt to the standardized wired deployment of newly built substations, as well as easily cope with the challenges of wiring difficulties in the renovation of old substations, achieving fast and flexible wireless coverage, greatly expanding the system's applicable scenarios and deployment convenience, and further enhancing the system's practicality.

[0020] 6. This SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and method, by constructing a network and cloud platform layer including a cloud server, a distributed database and multi-terminal applications (Web / APP / WeChat), not only realizes the massive storage and centralized visualization management of monitoring data, but also utilizes big data analysis technology to mine historical trends and provide early warning of anomalies. This empowers maintenance personnel to transform from a "passive emergency response" to an "active prediction" intelligent maintenance model, further enhancing the system's practicality.

[0021] 7. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method, by adding an LED display screen linked to the monitoring host in the execution and interaction layer, displays key environmental parameters and safety status in real time and intuitively at the entrance of the monitoring area, providing crucial first-hand safety information visualization prompts for personnel about to enter the site, enhancing the timeliness and effectiveness of human-computer interaction, building another safety reminder defense line, and further improving the practicality of the system.

[0022] 8. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method integrates a remote control module on the cloud platform and authorizes remote command issuance, enabling maintenance personnel to remotely complete operations such as starting and stopping on-site fans, silencing alarms, and adjusting parameters from the command center or through mobile terminals. This achieves efficient remote intervention and system management under "unattended" or "minimal" conditions, significantly reducing maintenance costs and safety risks, and further enhancing the system's practicality.

[0023] 9. This SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and method systematically integrates high-precision NDIR sensing technology, edge intelligent computing, cloud-edge collaborative architecture, and enhanced industrial hardware design. While achieving ultra-fast response and intelligent linkage, it ensures the long-term operational reliability of the system in the harsh environment of substations. Furthermore, it reduces the total life cycle cost through intelligent operation and maintenance, ultimately achieving the unity and maximization of multiple values ​​such as safety, reliability, economy, and environmental protection, further enhancing the practicality of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a system framework diagram of an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environment proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system deployment of an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the core algorithm flow of an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environment proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the linkage control logic of an online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environment proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: Deployment and Linkage of Standard Intelligent Substation GIS Room Monitoring System This embodiment demonstrates a typical application of the system of the present invention in the GIS room of a newly built 110kV smart substation.

[0027] 1. System Configuration and Deployment: The GIS room measures 30m × 15m × 6m. Eight SF6 / O2 dual-mode sensors (NDIR principle, range 0-2000ppm, accuracy ±2%FS, digital output) and corresponding temperature and humidity sensors are evenly distributed within the room. These sensors are installed below the equipment and in the corners, at heights of 0.5m and 1.5m above the ground. One human infrared sensor is installed on the top inside the entrance / exit. All sensors are connected to the monitoring host installed in the secondary equipment room via shielded twisted-pair cables using an RS-485 bus. The host uses a single-board design, with an STM32H743 microprocessor at its core, integrating 256MB of Flash storage, four isolated RS-485 interfaces, two Gigabit Ethernet ports, and eight relay outputs.

[0028] 2. Parameters and Logic Configuration: The monitoring host's local storage module presets the following: SF6 concentration level 1 warning value is 500ppm, level 2 alarm value is 1000ppm; oxygen concentration alarm value is 19.5%; the linkage logic configuration is as follows: a) When the SF6 concentration of any sensor is ≥1000ppm, relay 1 is triggered to drive the audible and visual alarm; b) When both SF6 ≥1000ppm and O2 ≤19.5% are met, relay 2 is triggered to drive the fan controller to start the exhaust fan at high speed; c) When the human infrared sensor detects personnel entering, and the SF6 concentration of any sensor is ≥500ppm, the host sends a command via RS-485 to the 55-inch LED display screen installed at the door, displaying "Warning: Indoor SF6 concentration is too high, please confirm before entering!" accompanied by a local voice prompt from the host.

[0029] 3. Operation and Cloud Collaboration: The host polls and collects data at 1-second intervals and executes the aforementioned local logic. Simultaneously, the host uploads data to the power IoT cloud platform via the station's switch. The platform displays data from each point in real time and, based on historical data from the past year, uses time series analysis algorithms to establish a baseline model for SF6 concentration at each monitoring point. One day, the platform analysis revealed that the data from the monitoring point below the #3 GIS gas chamber had slightly deviated from the baseline for a week (accumulated increase of approximately 3 ppm). A "Minor Leakage Warning" work order was then generated and pushed to the maintenance personnel's mobile app. Subsequent planned maintenance confirmed that a sealing ring in the gas chamber had aged, thus preventing a potential serious leak.

[0030] Example 2: Wireless Retrofitting and Extreme Condition Verification of Old Substations This embodiment demonstrates the application of the system of the present invention in the renovation project of an old 35kV switch station with difficult wiring, and verifies its reliability under network anomalies.

[0031] 1. Wireless Deployment Solution: Four SF6 / O2 dual-mode sensors with built-in LoRa modules and temperature and humidity sensors are deployed in the switch cabinet room and fixed to the cabinet by magnetic attraction; the monitoring host also integrates a LoRa concentrator module and establishes a VPN connection with the cloud through an industrial-grade 4G DTU (data transmission unit); the system adopts a LoRa wireless star topology, with the host as the central node to collect data.

[0032] 2. Data caching function verification: To simulate the extreme situation of public network instability, in this embodiment, the 4G network connection was artificially interrupted for 12 hours. During this period, a brief SF6 leak was simulated (using standard gas release to raise the local concentration to 800ppm and maintain it for 1 minute). The monitoring host triggered an audible and visual alarm within 2 seconds based on local logic and recorded a complete event log (including timestamps, all sensor data, triggering conditions, and executed actions). All data during this period was cached in the host's local Flash.

[0033] 3. Network recovery and data integrity: After 12 hours, the 4G network was restored; the monitoring host automatically detected network connectivity and immediately started the resume transmission mechanism, uploading all periodic data and event records during the cache period to the cloud platform in an orderly manner; the cloud database successfully received and stored the complete data sequence during the network interruption, including the precise waveform data of the leakage event, proving the system's ability to achieve zero data loss under extreme network conditions.

[0034] Example 3: Edge Intelligent Control Logic and Reliability Enhancement Design This embodiment focuses on how the monitoring host achieves reliable and intelligent local decision-making, and how its hardware design ensures long-term stable operation.

[0035] 1. Local Intelligent Decision-Making Process: The software embedded in the monitoring host executes a "collection, analysis, and decision" cycle every 1 second. First, the raw concentration data from the sensors is filtered by the software to smooth out occasional measurement noise. Then, a temperature compensation algorithm is invoked to dynamically correct the gas concentration readings based on the real-time ambient temperature, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results under different seasons and temperature differences. The processed data is immediately sent to the core judgment module. This module does not perform a simple single threshold comparison, but performs a multi-condition priority fusion judgment. The system continuously tracks four key states: whether the SF6 concentration has reached the warning value, whether it has reached the alarm value, whether the oxygen concentration is below the safety limit, and whether there are personnel in the monitoring area. Based on the real-time combination of these four states, the host matches and executes the corresponding linkage scheme from the preset strategy table. For example, when the system detects that "SF6 concentration has reached the alarm value" and "there are personnel in the room," it will immediately execute the highest priority comprehensive strategy: triggering the highest level of audible and visual alarm, forcing the fan to run at maximum power, publishing the highest warning information on the entrance display screen, and sending an immediate notification to the safety officer through a backup communication channel (such as SMS).

[0036] 2. Reliability Enhancement Mechanism: Anti-False Alarm Design: To prevent false alarms caused by momentary sensor interference or environmental fluctuations, the system introduces a delayed confirmation mechanism for critical alarms (such as SF6 concentration exceeding the limit). When the concentration first exceeds the threshold, the system only triggers a reminder alarm; if the exceeding state persists for a period of time (e.g., 2 seconds) without recovery, it is confirmed as a valid alarm, and subsequent actions such as fan activation are executed. A brief anti-shake confirmation is also set for personnel intrusion signals to avoid false triggering; Hardware Ruggedization Design: The monitoring host adopts a single-board integrated hardware design optimized for industrial environments. Its core circuit board uses a multi-layer board design, strictly physically separating and shielding the power supply, analog signals, digital signals, and communication areas, effectively suppressing interference from the complex electromagnetic environment within the substation. All components are selected as industrial-grade or automotive-grade and have passed high and low temperature cycling, vibration, and long-term aging tests to ensure stable operation within a temperature range of -20°C to 70°C and under continuous vibration conditions. This design fundamentally eliminates the potential for failures caused by loose connectors and cables in traditional multi-board systems. Self-diagnosis and recovery: The host software has a self-monitoring function for its operating status, periodically checking critical processes, memory, and communication status. If an anomaly is detected, it can attempt automatic recovery. Simultaneously, all critical operations and status changes generate timestamped event logs, which are stored along with the collected data, providing a basis for system health assessment and fault analysis.

[0037] Experimental Example: Comparative Test with Traditional Cloud Architecture Systems To quantify and verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following comparative experiment was designed.

[0038] Experimental setup: Experimental group: Using the system of this invention (configured as in Example 1); Control group: Using a traditional monitoring system with similar functions, using the same sensors, but the monitoring host only has data acquisition and uploading functions, and all alarm judgment logic is deployed on a remote cloud server, and the two are connected through the same local area network; Test scenario: In the same experimental chamber, a controllable SF6 gas release device is used to simulate a sudden leak with a concentration of 1500ppm; Measurement indicators: a) System response time: The time interval from the gas release reaching the alarm threshold (1000ppm) to the activation of the audible and visual alarm; b) Data integrity: Whether the leak event records during the simulated network interruption (lasting 30 seconds) are complete.

[0039] Experimental Results: Response Time: The average response time of the experimental group (this invention) was 1.8 seconds (range 1.5-2.1 seconds), while the average response time of the control group was 8.5 seconds (range 7.2-12.3 seconds). The delay mainly came from network round-trip transmission and cloud service processing queues. Data Integrity: In the network interruption test, the monitoring host of the experimental group completely cached the entire process data of the leakage event and successfully uploaded it after recovery. The cloud server of the control group lacked all data during the network interruption, resulting in incomplete event records.

[0040] Judgment criteria: Core performance meets the standard: local response time ≤ 3 seconds; Functional reliability meets the standard: data integrity rate is 100% within the network interruption duration ≤ preset cache duration (e.g., 7 days); Intelligent linkage effectiveness: the system can correctly identify and execute preset complex scenario linkages (e.g., "personnel + leakage warning").

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the above embodiments and experimental examples, it is demonstrated that the present invention achieves the following compared with traditional technology: (1) a substantial improvement in safety response speed, reducing linkage delay by about 80%, providing a golden window for personnel safety; (2) the construction of high reliability independent of the network, ensuring that data is not lost and actions are not missing under any working conditions; (3) the realization of true intelligent risk management, achieving precise scenario-based linkage through local multi-source information fusion.

[0042] Typical Case: In a pilot substation of a provincial power grid company, three months after the deployment of this invention's system, the system issued an early warning in the early morning based on trend analysis, indicating a slow upward trend in SF6 concentration in a certain bay. The maintenance team, taking advantage of the warning, focused their inspection during planned power outages and discovered and replaced a pressure gauge sealing joint, eliminating a potential chronic leak point. This warning prevented a forced equipment shutdown that could have been caused by a escalating leak. The estimated direct economic benefits (avoided power loss and maintenance costs) are approximately 500,000 yuan, while also reducing potential SF6 gas emissions by approximately 5 kg. This fully demonstrates the comprehensive value of this invention: "proactive early warning, rapid response, and economic and environmental protection."

[0043] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments, characterized in that, include: The sensing layer, deployed in the monitoring area, is used to collect environmental status data. It includes: an SF6 / O2 dual-sensor based on non-dispersive infrared technology for simultaneous detection of SF6 gas concentration and oxygen concentration; a temperature and humidity sensor for collecting ambient temperature and humidity; and a human infrared sensor for detecting personnel entering and moving around. An edge control layer, connected to the sensing layer by a signal, includes a monitoring host; the monitoring host is configured to: receive and process data uploaded by the sensing layer, independently judge the processed data based on a preset local alarm logic, and generate a linkage control command when the judgment result meets the alarm conditions; The execution and interaction layer is signal-connected to the edge control layer and is used to receive the linkage control command and execute the corresponding local action, including an audible and visual alarm and an exhaust fan controller. The network and cloud platform layer is connected to the edge control layer through a communication network. It is used to receive, store and analyze data and event logs uploaded by the edge control layer, and provide a remote human-machine interaction interface.

2. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The SF6 / O2 dual-sensor includes an infrared light source, two infrared filters with different center wavelengths, an infrared detector, and a signal processing circuit. One filter corresponds to the characteristic absorption wavelength of SF6 gas, while the other serves as a reference channel. The signal processing circuit uses dual-beam differential calculation to eliminate environmental common-mode interference and outputs digital signals of SF6 and oxygen concentrations.

3. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring host includes a microprocessor unit, a storage module, and a communication interface module. The storage module pre-stores local alarm thresholds and linkage logic. The microprocessor unit is configured to: perform temperature compensation calculations on sensor data and compare the compensated data with the local alarm thresholds in real time; when the SF6 concentration exceeds the first threshold, and / or the oxygen concentration is lower than the second threshold, and / or personnel are detected entering and the environmental data is abnormal, the linkage logic is triggered to generate control commands for activating audible and visual alarms and / or exhaust fans.

4. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The monitoring host also has a data caching function. When communication with the network and cloud platform layer is interrupted, it continuously stores the processed data and event records in the local storage module. After communication is restored, the cached data is automatically transmitted to the cloud platform.

5. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge control layer is connected to the sensing layer via an RS485 bus or wireless LoRa communication, and the edge control layer is connected to the network layer via an Ethernet or 4G / 5G mobile communication network.

6. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The network and cloud platform layer includes a cloud server and a distributed database. The cloud server provides data interfaces, business logic processing, and web services. The distributed database is used to store historical monitoring data, alarm events, and system configuration information. The cloud platform layer also provides trend analysis based on historical data, report generation, and alarm information push services via mobile applications or WeChat.

7. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution and interaction layer also includes an LED display screen located at the entrance of the monitoring area. The LED display screen is communicatively connected to the monitoring host and is used to display the current SF6 concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature and humidity, and system status information in real time.

8. The SF6 leakage environment online monitoring system and monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a remote control module, which is integrated into the human-machine interface of the cloud platform layer. Authorized users can send remote control commands to the edge control layer through the interface to remotely and manually start and stop the exhaust fan, the silencer and audible and visual alarm, or modify the local alarm threshold parameters.

9. An online monitoring system and method for SF6 leakage environments, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Through multiple sensors in the sensing layer, real-time synchronous acquisition of SF6 concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature and humidity, and personnel activity signals in the monitored area is achieved; 2) The monitoring host of the edge control layer receives the acquired signals and performs analog-to-digital conversion and signal processing; 3) The monitoring host performs real-time analysis and judgment on the processed data based on the built-in algorithm and local thresholds; 4) If the judgment result triggers the alarm condition, the monitoring host immediately sends a linkage control command to the execution and interaction layer to drive the audible and visual alarm and / or ventilation action, and at the same time generates an alarm event record; 5) The monitoring host will upload the collected periodic data, event records, and system status information to the network and cloud platform layer via the communication network; 6) The cloud platform layer performs persistent storage and multi-dimensional analysis on the uploaded data, and pushes the analysis results and alarm information to relevant operation and maintenance personnel through multi-terminal applications.

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