Sensor device and method for temperature vibration partial discharge monitoring of power distribution network

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and discloses a sensor device and method for monitoring the temperature, vibration and partial discharge of a power distribution network, and the device comprises a composite sensor module which is used for obtaining and processing a temperature signal, a vibration signal and a partial discharge ultrasonic signal, obtaining an optical signal, and transmitting the optical signal to an integrated demodulator module; receiving an adjustment instruction and completing a corresponding adjustment operation; the integrated demodulator module is used for receiving and processing the optical signal to obtain multi-parameter data and sending the multi-parameter data to the intelligent monitoring platform module; and the intelligent monitoring platform module is used for receiving and processing the multi-parameter data, obtaining an adjustment instruction and sending the adjustment instruction to the composite sensor module. According to the application, multi-parameter integrated monitoring of temperature, vibration and partial discharge by single equipment can be realized through the composite sensor, so that system redundancy is reduced; the problem of signal crosstalk is solved by optimizing a packaging structure and a demodulation algorithm, the measurement precision is improved, optical fiber resource occupation is reduced, and the deployment efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of sensor technology, and in particular to a sensor device and method for monitoring temperature, vibration and partial discharge in power distribution networks. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of power distribution network equipment condition monitoring, current mainstream technical solutions include traditional electrical sensing systems and discrete fiber optic sensing systems. Traditional electrical sensing systems sense physical quantities such as temperature and vibration through changes in electrical signals, but their inherent characteristics lead to significant bottlenecks in applications under complex electromagnetic environments. To overcome electromagnetic interference problems, the industry has introduced fiber optic sensing technologies, such as using independent fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to monitor temperature or vibration, and using independent Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity sensors to detect ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge. Although these fiber optic sensors improve anti-interference capabilities, in terms of system architecture, monitoring different parameters such as temperature, vibration, and partial discharge still requires deploying independent sensor units, laying dedicated transmission optical cables, and configuring corresponding demodulation equipment, forming multiple parallel, single-function sub-monitoring systems.

[0003] The aforementioned solutions suffer from significant drawbacks, including low system integration, high deployment and maintenance costs, and limited monitoring efficiency. Specifically, these drawbacks manifest as equipment redundancy, large space occupation, complex installation processes, and poor compatibility due to inconsistent interface standards, hindering unified data management and collaborative analysis. The root cause lies in the fragmented nature of the technical approaches. The sensing and demodulation mechanisms for parameters such as temperature, vibration, and partial discharge differ, necessitating dedicated and separate hardware solutions. Furthermore, the lack of unified standards for sensor interfaces and demodulator data interfaces, coupled with the scarcity of fiber optic resources in power distribution networks, makes hybrid networking and system integration exceptionally complex, ultimately limiting the overall effectiveness of intelligent monitoring.

[0004] Therefore, how to efficiently monitor and regulate the power distribution network has become a problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a sensor device and method for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks. It can achieve integrated monitoring of multiple parameters such as temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in a single device through composite sensors, thereby reducing system redundancy. By optimizing the packaging structure and demodulation algorithm, it solves the signal crosstalk problem, improves measurement accuracy, reduces fiber optic resource consumption, and improves deployment efficiency.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in a power distribution network, the device comprising: The composite sensor module is used to acquire and process temperature signals, vibration signals, and partial discharge ultrasonic signals to obtain optical signals and send them to the integrated demodulator module; it also receives adjustment commands and completes the corresponding adjustment operations. The integrated demodulator module is used to receive and process optical signals, obtain multi-parameter data, and send it to the intelligent monitoring platform module. The intelligent monitoring platform module is used to receive and process multi-parameter data, obtain adjustment instructions, and send them to the composite sensor module.

[0007] Furthermore, the composite sensor module includes a fiber optic temperature sensor, a fiber optic vibration sensor, and a fiber optic partial discharge sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the fiber optic temperature sensor includes a substrate, a fiber optic grating, a cover plate, and a copper ring; The fiber grating and cover plate are mounted on the substrate; The copper ring is placed inside the groove of the base during installation; The fiber optic temperature sensor is used to acquire and process temperature signals, obtain optical signals, and send them to the integrated demodulator module.

[0009] Furthermore, the fiber optic vibration sensor includes a substrate, an optical fiber, and an inertial mass block; The base has grooves on both sides, and the center of the grooves is on the same straight line as the center of the inertial mass block. The optical fiber is engraved with a fiber grating; the optical fiber passes through the center of the inertial mass block and is fixed in the grooves on both sides of the substrate; The inertial mass block and the base are connected by damping plates; The fiber optic vibration sensor is used to acquire and process vibration signals, obtain optical signals, and send them to the integrated demodulator module.

[0010] Furthermore, the fiber optic partial discharge sensor includes a diaphragm, a quartz tube, a collimator, a fixing nut, a compression spring, a positioning sleeve, an adjusting seat, a tail sleeve, a sleeve, and a retaining ring; The thickness of the membrane is 40 μm.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-parameter data includes temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data.

[0012] Furthermore, the integrated demodulator module includes a broadband light source, a high-speed acquisition card, and an FPGA processing unit; Broadband light sources are used to provide illumination; The high-speed acquisition card is used to acquire optical signals and send them to the FPGA processing unit; The FPGA processing unit is used to receive optical signals and demodulate them to obtain temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data, which are then sent to the intelligent monitoring platform module.

[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for monitoring temperature vibration and partial discharge in a power distribution network, the method comprising: The composite sensor module acquires and processes temperature signals, vibration signals, and partial discharge ultrasonic signals to obtain optical signals, which are then sent to the integrated demodulator module. The integrated demodulator module receives and processes optical signals, obtains multi-parameter data, and sends it to the intelligent monitoring platform module. The intelligent monitoring platform module receives and processes multi-parameter data, obtains adjustment instructions, and sends them to the composite sensor module; The composite sensor module receives adjustment commands and completes the corresponding adjustment operations.

[0014] Furthermore, the integrated demodulator module receives and processes optical signals to obtain multi-parameter data, which is then sent to the intelligent monitoring platform module, including: The integrated demodulator module receives optical signals, collects and demodulates them, obtains multi-parameter data, and sends it to the intelligent monitoring platform module. The multi-parameter data includes temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data.

[0015] Furthermore, the intelligent monitoring platform module receives and processes multi-parameter data, obtains adjustment instructions, and sends them to the composite sensor module, including: The intelligent monitoring platform module receives multi-parameter data and obtains temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data. The intelligent monitoring platform module compares the preset temperature threshold with the temperature data to obtain the temperature monitoring results. The intelligent monitoring platform module performs spectral analysis on the vibration data to obtain vibration monitoring results; The intelligent monitoring platform module compares the preset partial discharge threshold with the partial discharge data to obtain the partial discharge monitoring results. The intelligent monitoring platform module analyzes the temperature monitoring results, vibration monitoring results, and partial discharge monitoring results, obtains adjustment instructions, and sends them to the composite sensor module.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in this application include at least the following: This application provides a sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks. It can achieve integrated monitoring of multiple parameters such as temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in a single device through composite sensors, thereby reducing system redundancy. By optimizing the packaging structure and demodulation algorithm, it solves the signal crosstalk problem, improves measurement accuracy, reduces fiber optic resource consumption, and improves deployment efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1This is a structural diagram of a sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in a power distribution network, provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber temperature sensor provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber vibration sensor provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber partial discharge sensor provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 5 A flowchart of a method for monitoring temperature vibration and partial discharge in a power distribution network, provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0023] Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks. The device includes: The composite sensor module is used to acquire and process temperature signals, vibration signals, and partial discharge ultrasonic signals to obtain optical signals and send them to the integrated demodulator module; it also receives adjustment commands and completes the corresponding adjustment operations.

[0025] In one feasible implementation, the composite sensor module can sense temperature, vibration, and partial discharge ultrasonic signals in real time and convert them into optical signals. These optical signals are then converged and standardized via a dedicated fiber optic connector before being transmitted through a hybrid multiplexed channel constructed using WDM and TDM technologies.

[0026] In one feasible implementation, the application also includes a signal transmission network; the signal transmission network consists of dedicated connectors and hybrid multiplexing channels.

[0027] In some embodiments, the composite sensor module includes an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber vibration sensor, and an optical fiber partial discharge sensor.

[0028] Please see Figure 2In some embodiments, the fiber optic temperature sensor includes a substrate, a fiber optic grating, a cover plate, and a copper ring; The fiber grating and cover plate are mounted on the substrate; The copper ring is placed inside the groove of the base during installation; The fiber optic temperature sensor is used to acquire and process temperature signals, obtain optical signals, and send them to the integrated demodulator module.

[0029] In one feasible implementation, the fiber optic temperature sensor employs a ceramic substrate and a suspended fiber optic grating design. A small copper ring fixes the grating in a bent, relaxed state, resolving the issue of cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain. This bent, relaxed state is achieved through the small copper ring, which has a bending radius of approximately 5mm, uniform curvature, and an arc-shaped bending profile, allowing the grating to maintain its natural bending without external force. This design solves the cross-sensitivity problem because when the grating is bent, the localized stress distribution caused by external strain is homogenized by the bending structure, while the grating periodic variation caused by temperature changes is globally consistent. Therefore, the strain effect can be separated through calculation. Simultaneously, the small copper ring has an inner diameter of 1mm, an outer diameter of 2mm, and a height of 1mm. During installation, it is temporarily placed in a groove in the substrate to fix the bent shape of the grating. After the small copper ring is removed, the grating maintains its bent state through its own elasticity, achieving permanent strain isolation.

[0030] In one feasible implementation, the fiber optic temperature sensor is externally encapsulated in a ceramic material, and its structure includes a substrate, a fiber optic grating (BFR), and a cover plate. The substrate serves as the carrier for the BFR and the cover plate. The BFR, as the temperature-sensitive element, is also the most crucial component. The cover plate works in conjunction with the substrate to protect the BFR and the entire substrate. Since the Bragg grating is sensitive to both temperature and strain, the influence of strain on the Bragg grating must be avoided when designing the fiber optic temperature sensor. In this design, a small copper ring is used to keep the Bragg grating in a suspended and relaxed state. Then, the small copper ring is removed, leaving the entire fiber in a suspended, bent, and relaxed state. This way, the Bragg grating is only affected by temperature, solving the problem of the Bragg grating's cross-sensitivity to temperature and strain.

[0031] Please see Figure 3 In some embodiments, the fiber optic vibration sensor includes a substrate, an optical fiber, and an inertial mass block; The base has grooves on both sides, and the center of the grooves is on the same straight line as the center of the inertial mass block. The optical fiber is engraved with a fiber grating; the optical fiber passes through the center of the inertial mass block and is fixed in the grooves on both sides of the substrate; The inertial mass block and the base are connected by damping plates; The fiber optic vibration sensor is used to acquire and process vibration signals, obtain optical signals, and send them to the integrated demodulator module.

[0032] In one feasible implementation, the fiber optic vibration sensor employs a combined structure of an inertial mass and an elastic element (FBG). By optimizing the mass weight and elastic stiffness, the sensitivity and frequency response range of vibration detection are improved. The mass weight is optimized to 5g ± 0.1g, and the elastic stiffness (i.e., the FBG equivalent stiffness) is optimized to 100 N / m ± 5 N / m. This numerical range is determined through vibration table experiments: for example, by applying sinusoidal excitation within a frequency range of 50-500Hz, adjusting the mass weight and FBG pretension, the sensor's resonant frequency falls within the 100-200Hz range to match the typical vibration frequency of the power distribution network. The connection between the inertial mass and the elastic element is as follows: an opening is made in the center of the inertial mass, the FBG optical fiber passes through the opening, and it is fixed with epoxy resin to ensure that the optical fiber bears axial stress during vibration, avoiding bending loss.

[0033] The fiber optic vibration sensor is made of brass and consists of key components such as a substrate, optical fiber, and inertial mass block. The substrate has grooves on both sides, and the grooves are aligned with the center of the inertial mass block. The optical fiber with a fiber optic grating is passed through the center of the mass block and fixed in the grooves on both sides of the substrate. The inertial mass block is fixedly connected to the substrate by a damping plate, so that the fiber optic grating vibrates in the axial direction.

[0034] Preferably, the fiber optic partial discharge sensor is mainly used to detect ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharge caused by distribution network equipment. A sensitive diaphragm is typically used to "sensor" this ultrasonic signal. When the ultrasonic signal acts on the diaphragm, the diaphragm deforms, and the cavity length of the FP cavity changes accordingly. Since the frequency of the ultrasonic signal generated by partial discharge activity is weak in the range of 20kHz–40kHz, the fiber optic partial discharge sensor must be able to detect this signal and possess high sensitivity to measure it. The sensor sensitivity is achieved by optimizing the diaphragm parameters, where the diaphragm center displacement sensitivity is approximately 2.01 nm / Pa, calculated based on elasticity formulas, ensuring that a measurable light intensity change can be generated under typical partial discharge sound pressure (1 Pa).

[0035] Considering factors such as practicality and manufacturing difficulty, the diaphragm was ultimately made of common 304 stainless steel, and the FP cavity was constructed using the fiber end face and one side of the diaphragm.

[0036] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, the fiber optic partial discharge sensor includes a diaphragm, a quartz tube, a collimator, a fixing nut, a compression spring, a positioning sleeve, an adjusting seat, a tail sleeve, a sleeve, and a retaining ring; The thickness of the membrane is 40 μm.

[0037] In one feasible implementation, the diaphragm thickness of the fiber optic partial discharge sensor can be optimized to 40 μm, the effective radius to 3.5 mm, and the resonant frequency calculated using the inherent frequency formula is approximately 25 kHz, covering the required range of 20 kHz–40 kHz; the inner diameter of the quartz tube is 7.0 mm.

[0038] Conventional sensors often fail to optimize diaphragm thickness and radius parameters for specific frequency bands, potentially causing their resonant frequency to deviate from the ultrasonic frequency band most relevant to partial discharge monitoring. This can reduce detection sensitivity or introduce more noise. Our solution, however, precisely sets the diaphragm thickness to 40 micrometers and optimizes the effective radius to 3.5 millimeters, resulting in a resonant frequency of approximately 25 kHz. This precisely covers the required range of 20 to 40 kHz, making the sensor's acoustic response more sensitive and flat within this frequency band. This allows for more effective capture of ultrasonic signals generated by partial discharges, improving detection reliability.

[0039] Meanwhile, conventional quartz tubes come in various inner diameters. If the inner diameter is too small, it increases the difficulty of collimator adjustment and fixation, affecting optical path stability; if the inner diameter is too large, it may reduce structural rigidity. This solution standardizes the inner diameter of the quartz tube to 7.0 mm, achieving a good match with the diaphragm size and internal optical components. This provides reasonable installation and adjustment space for internal components such as the collimator and compression spring, ensuring long-term alignment stability of the optical path, while also ensuring sufficient structural strength and consistency of the sensor as a whole. This facilitates mass production and enables more stable partial discharge monitoring in complex field testing environments.

[0040] The integrated demodulator module is used to receive and process optical signals, obtain multi-parameter data, and send it to the intelligent monitoring platform module.

[0041] In some embodiments, the multi-parameter data includes temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data.

[0042] In some embodiments, the integrated demodulator module includes a broadband light source, a high-speed acquisition card, and an FPGA processing unit; Broadband light sources are used to provide illumination; The high-speed acquisition card is used to acquire optical signals and send them to the FPGA processing unit; The FPGA processing unit is used to receive optical signals and demodulate them to obtain temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data, which are then sent to the intelligent monitoring platform module.

[0043] In one feasible implementation, multiple optical signals converged via a signal transmission network arrive at an integrated demodulator module. A broadband light source within the integrated demodulator module provides illumination. Its high-speed acquisition card and FPGA processing unit synchronously acquire and demodulate the wavelength shift signal of the FBG and the interference light intensity change signal of the FP cavity, achieving the separation and digital conversion of multi-parameter signals. The demodulated multi-parameter digital data includes a set of temperature values ​​(unit: °C), vibration amplitude (unit: m / s² or relative value), and partial discharge ultrasonic frequency and intensity (unit: kHz and mV). This data originates from the temperature / vibration data retrieved from the FBG wavelength shift (temperature accuracy ±1 °C, vibration sensitivity deviation ≤5%) and the partial discharge data retrieved from the FP cavity interference light intensity (frequency coverage 20 kHz–40 kHz), forming a digital set of temperature, vibration, and partial discharge parameters, thus obtaining the multi-parameter data.

[0044] The intelligent monitoring platform module is used to receive and process multi-parameter data, obtain adjustment instructions, and send them to the composite sensor module.

[0045] In one feasible implementation, the demodulated multi-parameter data is uploaded to the intelligent monitoring platform module via a switching device integrating multiple protocol interfaces. In the switching device, an Ethernet (RJ45) interface is used for high-speed transmission of batch monitoring data, an RS232 interface is used for transmitting device configuration commands, a USB interface is used for real-time data stream transmission, and a Type-C interface is used for compatibility with modern host devices. The data physically transmitted through each interface are demodulated digital signal packets, but the protocols adapt to different transmission requirements: Ethernet transmits the aggregated monitoring data stream, RS232 transmits low-frequency control commands, and USB / Type-C transmits real-time acquired data. The platform performs fusion analysis on temperature, vibration, and partial discharge data, with the input data being the demodulated digital sequences of temperature, vibration, and partial discharge.

[0046] The processing can employ a hybrid algorithm based on threshold comparison (preferably, triggering an early warning when the temperature exceeds 80℃), spectrum analysis (FFT to extract vibration characteristic frequencies), and pattern recognition (preferably, residual analysis based on historical data). First, data cleaning and normalization are performed, followed by feature extraction (temperature gradient, vibration spectrum peak value, partial discharge pulse count). Finally, fault diagnosis is conducted using a state assessment model. Output results include a real-time equipment status score (normal / caution / abnormal), early warning level (Level 1 / Level 2 / Level 3), and fault type (transformer overheating, mechanical loosening, insulation degradation). For example, when the temperature data continuously exceeds the threshold and the vibration spectrum peaks at 100Hz, the intelligent monitoring platform module outputs a diagnosis of "transformer overheating with mechanical loosening." The intelligent monitoring platform module generates control commands based on the analysis results; for example, it generates a command to decrease the sampling frequency when an abnormal temperature is detected, a command to increase the sampling rate when an abnormal vibration is detected, and a trigger positioning command when partial discharge exceeds the limit.

[0047] In one feasible implementation, adjustment commands are transmitted back to the front-end composite sensor via a switching device, an integrated demodulator module, and a signal transmission network, dynamically adjusting its operating parameters. Different adjustment commands correspond to parameter adjustments. For example, a "reduce sampling frequency" command reduces the temperature sensor's sampling rate from 1Hz to 0.1Hz to save energy; a "increase sampling rate" command increases the vibration sensor's sampling rate from 1kHz to 5kHz to capture details; and a positioning command triggers the continuous waveform acquisition mode of the FP cavity sensor (preferably, the duration can be 10ms). This forms a complete monitoring closed loop from signal acquisition, processing, analysis to feedback optimization. Preferably, when the platform outputs a transformer overheat warning, the feedback command adjusts the temperature sensor's sampling interval; when there is frequent discharge activity, the command triggers the integrated demodulator module to switch to high-speed acquisition mode.

[0048] The sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks provided in the above embodiments can achieve integrated monitoring of multiple parameters such as temperature, vibration, and partial discharge. By replacing multiple separate devices with a single sensor, it significantly reduces system complexity and equipment cost, while solving the problems of poor interface compatibility and cumbersome installation and maintenance. Furthermore, it can effectively avoid electromagnetic interference, improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data. The innovative hybrid networking design optimizes the utilization of optical fiber resources, simplifies the field deployment process, and provides an efficient and stable integrated solution for power distribution network condition monitoring.

[0049] Please see Figure 5 Another embodiment of this application provides a method for monitoring temperature vibration and partial discharge in a power distribution network, the method comprising: In step S1, the composite sensor module acquires and processes temperature signals, vibration signals, and partial discharge ultrasonic signals to obtain optical signals, which are then sent to the integrated demodulator module.

[0050] In step S2, the integrated demodulator module receives and processes the optical signal, obtains multi-parameter data, and sends it to the intelligent monitoring platform module.

[0051] In step S3, the intelligent monitoring platform module receives and processes multi-parameter data, obtains adjustment instructions, and sends them to the composite sensor module.

[0052] In step S4, the composite sensor module receives the adjustment command and completes the corresponding adjustment operation.

[0053] In some embodiments, the integrated demodulator module receives and processes optical signals to obtain multi-parameter data, which is then sent to the intelligent monitoring platform module, including: The integrated demodulator module receives optical signals, collects and demodulates them, obtains multi-parameter data, and sends it to the intelligent monitoring platform module. The multi-parameter data includes temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data.

[0054] In some embodiments, the intelligent monitoring platform module receives and processes multi-parameter data, obtains adjustment instructions, and sends them to the composite sensor module, including: The intelligent monitoring platform module receives multi-parameter data and obtains temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data. The intelligent monitoring platform module compares the preset temperature threshold with the temperature data to obtain the temperature monitoring results. The intelligent monitoring platform module performs spectral analysis on the vibration data to obtain vibration monitoring results; The intelligent monitoring platform module compares the preset partial discharge threshold with the partial discharge data to obtain the partial discharge monitoring results. The intelligent monitoring platform module analyzes the temperature monitoring results, vibration monitoring results, and partial discharge monitoring results, obtains adjustment instructions, and sends them to the composite sensor module.

[0055] The specific limitations of the method for monitoring temperature vibration and partial discharge in a power distribution network provided in this embodiment can be found in the embodiment of a sensor device for monitoring temperature vibration and partial discharge in a power distribution network described above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the above-described method for monitoring temperature vibration and partial discharge in a power distribution network can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device in hardware form, or it can be stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0056] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0057] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks, characterized in that, The device includes: The composite sensor module is used to acquire and process temperature signals, vibration signals, and partial discharge ultrasonic signals to obtain optical signals and send them to the integrated demodulator module; it also receives adjustment commands and completes the corresponding adjustment operations. The integrated demodulator module is used to receive and process optical signals, obtain multi-parameter data, and send it to the intelligent monitoring platform module. The intelligent monitoring platform module is used to receive and process multi-parameter data, obtain adjustment instructions, and send them to the composite sensor module.

2. The sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite sensor module includes an optical fiber temperature sensor, an optical fiber vibration sensor, and an optical fiber partial discharge sensor.

3. The sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fiber optic temperature sensor includes a substrate, a fiber grating, a cover plate, and a copper ring; The fiber grating and the cover plate are disposed on the substrate; The copper ring is installed within a groove in the base. The fiber optic temperature sensor is used to acquire and process temperature signals, obtain optical signals, and send them to the integrated demodulator module.

4. The sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fiber optic vibration sensor includes a substrate, an optical fiber, and an inertial mass block. The base has grooves on both sides, and the center of the grooves is on the same straight line as the center of the inertial mass block. The optical fiber is engraved with a fiber grating; the optical fiber passes through the center of the inertial mass block and is fixed in the grooves on both sides of the substrate; The inertial mass block and the base are connected by damping plates; The fiber optic vibration sensor is used to acquire and process vibration signals, obtain optical signals, and send them to the integrated demodulator module.

5. The sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fiber optic partial discharge sensor includes a diaphragm, a quartz tube, a collimator, a fixing nut, a compression spring, a positioning sleeve, an adjusting seat, a tail sleeve, a sleeve, and a retaining ring. The thickness of the membrane is 40 μm.

6. The sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter data includes temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data.

7. The sensor device for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in power distribution networks according to claim 6, characterized in that, The integrated demodulator module includes a broadband light source, a high-speed acquisition card, and an FPGA processing unit. The broadband light source is used to provide illumination; The high-speed acquisition card is used to acquire optical signals and send them to the FPGA processing unit; The FPGA processing unit is used to receive the optical signal and demodulate it to obtain temperature data, vibration data and partial discharge data, and send them to the intelligent monitoring platform module.

8. A method for monitoring temperature vibration and partial discharge in power distribution networks, characterized in that, The method includes: The composite sensor module acquires and processes temperature signals, vibration signals, and partial discharge ultrasonic signals to obtain optical signals, which are then sent to the integrated demodulator module. The integrated demodulator module receives and processes optical signals to obtain multi-parameter data, which is then sent to the intelligent monitoring platform module. The intelligent monitoring platform module receives and processes multi-parameter data, obtains adjustment instructions, and sends them to the composite sensor module; The composite sensor module receives adjustment commands and completes the corresponding adjustment operations.

9. The method for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in a power distribution network according to claim 8, characterized in that, The integrated demodulator module receives and processes optical signals to obtain multi-parameter data, which is then sent to the intelligent monitoring platform module, including: The integrated demodulator module receives optical signals and performs acquisition and demodulation to obtain multi-parameter data, which is then sent to the intelligent monitoring platform module. The multi-parameter data includes temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data.

10. The method for monitoring temperature, vibration, and partial discharge in a power distribution network according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring platform module receives and processes multi-parameter data, obtains adjustment instructions, and sends them to the composite sensor module, including: The intelligent monitoring platform module receives multi-parameter data and obtains temperature data, vibration data, and partial discharge data. The intelligent monitoring platform module compares the preset temperature threshold with the temperature data to obtain the temperature monitoring result. The intelligent monitoring platform module performs spectral analysis on the vibration data to obtain vibration monitoring results; The intelligent monitoring platform module compares the preset partial discharge threshold with the partial discharge data to obtain the partial discharge monitoring result. The intelligent monitoring platform module analyzes the temperature monitoring results, vibration monitoring results, and partial discharge monitoring results to obtain adjustment instructions and send them to the composite sensor module.

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