Sampling detection method, device and equipment for construction project of pumped storage power station and medium

Abstract

The invention provides a pumped storage power station construction project sampling detection method, device and equipment and a medium. The method comprises the steps of generating a corresponding sampling detection task based on a construction drawing and a detection standard of a construction project; sending the sampling detection task to a client; receiving encrypted sampling detection data for the sampling detection task; analyzing the encrypted sampling detection data, and verifying the integrity and compliance of the sampling detection data; in response to the fact that the integrity and compliance verification of the sampling detection data is passed, storing the sampling detection data in a block chain; and generating a visual sampling detection result based on the sampling detection data in the block chain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the power industry, and in particular to a sampling and testing method, apparatus, equipment and medium for pumped storage power station construction projects. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of pumped storage power stations, there may be situations where witnesses and samplers are not present at the construction site during the witnessed sampling and testing process, which may lead to sample distortion. Furthermore, there may be issues with specimen replacement during the curing period in the concrete curing room of the construction unit. At the same time, traditional manual supervision methods are difficult to effectively curb violations such as sample replacement and forgery, and cannot ensure the uniqueness of sample identification and the authenticity of test data. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure proposes a sampling and testing method, device, equipment, and medium for pumped storage power station construction projects, which can at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems to a certain extent.

[0004] The first aspect of this disclosure provides a sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects, applied to a server, the method comprising: The corresponding sampling and testing tasks are generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project; Send the sampling and detection task to the client; Receive encrypted sampling and detection data for the sampling and detection task; The encrypted sampling and testing data is parsed, and the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data are verified. In response to the successful verification of the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data, the sampling and testing data is stored in the blockchain; Visualized sampling and testing results are generated based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain.

[0005] A second aspect of this disclosure provides a sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects, applied to a client-side application, the method comprising: Receive sampling and testing tasks from the server, which are generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project; In response to the detection of a trigger operation for the identification information of the sampling detection task, the location information of the sampling is acquired, as well as real-time image information about the sampling process is acquired. Sampling and detection data are generated based on the identification information, the positioning information, and the image information; The sampling and testing data is encrypted and sent to the server for storage in the blockchain; and a visualized sampling and testing result is generated based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain.

[0006] A third aspect of this disclosure provides a sampling and testing device for pumped storage power station construction projects, applied at a server end, the device comprising: The task generation module is used to generate corresponding sampling and testing tasks based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project. The task sending module is used to send the sampling and detection task to the client; A data receiving module is used to receive encrypted sampling and detection data for the sampling and detection task. The parsing and verification module is used to parse the encrypted sampling and detection data and verify the integrity and compliance of the sampling and detection data. An on-chain storage module is used to store the sampling and testing data in the blockchain in response to the successful verification of the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data; The display module is used to generate visualized sampling and testing results based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain.

[0007] In a fourth aspect, this disclosure provides a sampling and testing device for pumped storage power station construction projects, applied to a client-side application, the device comprising: The task receiving module is used to receive sampling and testing tasks from the server, which are generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project. The information acquisition module is used to acquire the sampling location information and real-time image information about the sampling process in response to the trigger operation of detecting the identification information for the sampling detection task. The data generation module is used to generate sampling detection data based on the identification information, the positioning information, and the image information; The data sending module is used to encrypt the sampling and detection data and send it to the server so that the server can store it in the blockchain; and to generate visualized sampling and detection results based on the sampling and detection data in the blockchain.

[0008] A fifth aspect of this disclosure provides an electronic device including one or more processors, a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and executed by the one or more processors, the programs including instructions for performing the method according to the first or second aspect.

[0009] A sixth aspect of this disclosure provides a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium comprising a computer program that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the processors to perform the method described in the first or second aspect.

[0010] A seventh aspect of this disclosure provides a computer program product including computer program instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in the first or second aspect.

[0011] As described above, this disclosure provides a sampling and testing method, apparatus, equipment, and medium for pumped storage power station construction projects. The server generates sampling and testing tasks based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the pumped storage power station construction project and sends them to the client. Upon receiving the task, the client obtains sampling location and real-time image information when the identification information is triggered to generate sampling and testing data. This data is then encrypted and sent back to the server. The server parses and verifies the integrity and compliance of the data. After verification, the data is stored on the blockchain, and finally, a visualized result is generated based on the blockchain data. This achieves full-process digital management of sampling and testing tasks from generation to data storage and result display. The immutability of the blockchain ensures data authenticity and reliability, as well as the uniqueness of sample identification and the authenticity of test data. The visualized results facilitate intuitive understanding of the engineering testing situation and effectively improve the quality control level of pumped storage power station construction projects. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this disclosure or related technologies, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling and testing architecture for a pumped storage power station construction project according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an exemplary electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0017] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a sampling and testing device for a pumped storage power station construction project, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of a sampling and testing device for a pumped storage power station construction project, according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this disclosure should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0022] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of this disclosure, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in this disclosure in an appropriate manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and user authorization should be obtained.

[0023] For example, upon receiving a user's active request, a prompt message is sent to the user to explicitly inform them that the requested operation will require the acquisition and use of the user's personal information. This allows the user to independently choose whether to provide personal information to the software or hardware, such as the electronic device, application, server, or storage medium performing the operations of this disclosed technical solution, based on the prompt message.

[0024] It is understood that the above notification and user authorization process are merely illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the implementation of this disclosure. Other methods that comply with relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a sampling and testing architecture for a pumped storage power station construction project, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. (Reference) Figure 1The sampling and testing architecture 100 for the pumped storage power station construction project may include a server 110, a terminal 120, and a network 130 providing a communication link. The server 110 and the terminal 120 can be connected via a wired or wireless network 130. The server 110 can be a standalone physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, security services, and CDN.

[0026] Terminal 120 can be implemented in hardware or software. For example, when terminal 120 is implemented in hardware, it can be various electronic devices with a display screen and support page display, including but not limited to smartphones, tablets, e-book readers, laptops, and desktop computers. When terminal 120 is implemented in software, it can be installed in the electronic devices listed above; it can be implemented as multiple software programs or software modules (e.g., software programs or software modules used to provide distributed services) or as a single software program or software module, without specific limitations.

[0027] It should be noted that the sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects provided in this application embodiment can be executed by the terminal 120 or by the server 110. It should be understood that... Figure 1 The number of terminals, networks, and servers shown is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be a limitation. Any number of terminals, networks, and servers can be used depending on implementation needs.

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an exemplary electronic device 200 provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the electronic device 200 may include: a processor 202, a memory 204, a network module 206, a peripheral interface 208, and a bus 210. The processor 202, memory 204, network module 206, and peripheral interface 208 are interconnected within the electronic device 200 via the bus 210.

[0029] Processor 202 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Neural Processing Unit (NPU), a Microcontroller (MCU), a programmable logic device, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits. Processor 202 can be used to perform functions related to the techniques described in this disclosure. In some embodiments, processor 202 may also include multiple processors integrated as a single logic component. For example, such as... Figure 2 As shown, processor 202 may include multiple processors 202a, 202b and 202c.

[0030] Memory 204 can be configured to store data (e.g., instructions, computer code, etc.). Figure 2 As shown, the data stored in memory 204 may include program instructions (e.g., program instructions for implementing the sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to embodiments of this disclosure) and data to be processed (e.g., the memory may store configuration files for other modules, etc.). Processor 202 may also access the program instructions and data stored in memory 204 and execute the program instructions to operate on the data to be processed. Memory 204 may include volatile storage devices or non-volatile storage devices. In some embodiments, memory 204 may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), optical disk, magnetic disk, hard disk, solid-state drive (SSD), flash memory, memory stick, etc.

[0031] Network module 206 can be configured to provide communication with other external devices to electronic device 200 via a network. This network can be any wired or wireless network capable of transmitting and receiving data. For example, the network can be a wired network, a local wireless network (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi, Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.), a cellular network, the Internet, or a combination thereof. It is understood that the type of network is not limited to the specific examples described above. In some embodiments, network module 206 may include any combination of any number of network interface controllers (NICs), radio frequency modules, transceivers, modems, routers, gateways, adapters, cellular network chips, etc.

[0032] The peripheral interface 208 can be configured to connect the electronic device 200 to one or more peripheral devices to enable information input and output. For example, peripheral devices may include input devices such as keyboards, mice, touchpads, touch screens, microphones, and various sensors, as well as output devices such as displays, speakers, vibrators, and indicator lights.

[0033] Bus 210 can be configured to transmit information between various components of electronic device 200 (e.g., processor 202, memory 204, network module 206, and peripheral interface 208), such as internal buses (e.g., processor-memory bus), external buses (USB port, PCI-E bus), etc.

[0034] It should be noted that although the architecture of the above-described electronic device 200 only shows the processor 202, memory 204, network module 206, peripheral interface 208, and bus 210, in specific implementations, the architecture of the electronic device 200 may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the architecture of the above-described electronic device 200 may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this disclosure, and does not necessarily include all the components shown in the figures.

[0035] Currently, the construction of pumped storage power stations still faces many challenges in the witnessed sampling and testing phase: there is a possibility of irregularities such as "test block fabrication and maintenance by proxy" and "falsification of test data"; traditional witnessed sampling suffers from low on-site attendance rates and a lack of traceability in sample transfer. Therefore, how to improve the authenticity of test data in the witnessed sampling and testing environment of pumped storage power station construction has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0036] In view of this, this disclosure provides a sampling and testing method, device, electronic equipment, and medium for pumped storage power station construction projects. The server generates sampling and testing tasks based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the pumped storage power station construction project and sends them to the client. After receiving the task, the client obtains sampling location and real-time image information upon triggering identification information to generate sampling and testing data. This data is then encrypted and transmitted back to the server. The server parses and verifies the data's integrity and compliance. After successful verification, the data is stored on the blockchain, and finally, a visualized result is generated based on the blockchain data. This achieves full-process digital management of sampling and testing tasks from generation to data storage and result display. The immutability of the blockchain ensures data authenticity and reliability, guaranteeing the uniqueness of sample identification and the authenticity of test data. The visualized results facilitate intuitive understanding of the project's testing status, effectively improving the quality control level of pumped storage power station construction projects.

[0037] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic flowchart illustrating a sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be deployed on a server. Figure 3 In the process of sampling and testing in the construction of pumped storage power stations, method 300 may further include the following steps.

[0038] In step S310, a corresponding sampling and testing task is generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project.

[0039] Construction drawings can refer to detailed descriptions of a building's design intent, structural form, dimensions, and construction requirements, using graphics, symbols, and text. Testing standards can be mandatory or recommended documents that specify testing methods, judgment criteria, and technical requirements, ensuring the accuracy and comparability of test results. Sampling and testing tasks can refer to directive documents generated based on construction drawings and testing standards, clearly defining the testing objects, methods, frequency, and pass / fail criteria.

[0040] Specifically, based on image recognition technology, the system can deeply analyze construction drawings and automatically extract key information such as building structure, material type, component size and location. It can also match applicable national and industry testing standards (such as GB50204 Concrete Acceptance Code and JGJ 18 Steel Reinforcement Welding Code) with the project type. The system can intelligently generate a standardized task list that includes testing locations, items, methods, sampling rules and acceptance criteria.

[0041] In some embodiments, a corresponding sampling and testing task is generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project, including: Structural analysis was performed based on the construction drawings to determine multiple inspection areas; Based on the geographical environment information of the construction project and the corresponding testing standards, the testing objects and testing items of the testing objects in the testing area are determined; The sampling and detection task is generated based on the detection area, the detection object, and the detection item in a preset format.

[0042] This process utilizes Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology to deeply analyze construction drawings, automatically identify building structural levels (such as foundation, main structure, and roof) and divide the testing areas. Simultaneously, it links with a Geographic Information System (GIS) to obtain environmental parameters such as climate and geology of the project site. Next, based on environmental information and testing standards (such as GB / T 50784 "Technical Standard for On-site Testing of Concrete Structures"), it intelligently matches testing objects (such as steel corrosion in high humidity environments and pile integrity in soft soil foundations) and testing items (such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and low-strain dynamic pile testing) for each area. Finally, it automatically generates a standardized task list according to a preset five-dimensional template of "region-object-item-method-frequency" and pushes it to on-site personnel via mobile devices, achieving full-process digital management from drawing analysis to task execution. This improves the targeting of testing, reduces invalid sampling, and ensures that the testing plan meets the actual needs of the project through dynamic correlation between environmental parameters and standards. Combined with blockchain evidence storage, it ensures full data traceability, providing highly reliable support for project quality acceptance.

[0043] In step S320, the sampling and detection task is sent to the client.

[0044] The server utilizes heterogeneous network fusion technology to encapsulate task data into a standard protocol format (such as MQTT+JSON). Employing multi-mode communication modules such as 5G / 4G / Wi-Fi / LoRa, it dynamically selects the optimal network channel (prioritizing low-latency transmission for high-priority tasks) and pushes task instructions in real-time to the smart terminals (mobile phones, tablets, or dedicated testing equipment) of on-site personnel. This heterogeneous network fusion technology overcomes the limitations of single-network coverage, ensuring task delivery even in signal-dead areas such as basements and remote construction sites via LoRa or satellite communication, thus improving task delivery rates.

[0045] In step S330, encrypted sampling and detection data for the sampling and detection task is received.

[0046] The sampling and testing data can be raw data (such as test block size, test force value, and environmental parameters) collected by on-site sampling personnel through smart terminals (such as mobile phones and testing instruments). Encrypted sampling and testing data can be ciphertext data generated by encrypting the sampling and testing data using an asymmetric encryption algorithm (such as RSA-2048) or a national cryptographic algorithm (such as SM4) to ensure that the data is not tampered with or leaked during transmission and storage.

[0047] Specifically, after testing personnel use a smart terminal to complete sampling, the equipment automatically collects raw data (such as the force-displacement curve of a concrete specimen's compressive strength test) and encrypts the data through a Hardware Security Module (HSM) to generate a unique digital signature. The encrypted data is then transmitted to the server via a multi-mode network such as 5G / Wi-Fi / LoRa through a security gateway.

[0048] In step S340, the encrypted sampling and detection data is parsed, and the integrity and compliance of the sampling and detection data are verified.

[0049] Data integrity refers to the fact that data has not been tampered with or damaged during collection, transmission, and storage. This can be verified through technologies such as hash verification (e.g., SHA-256) and digital signatures to confirm that the data is consistent with its original state. Data compliance refers to the fact that data complies with relevant laws and regulations (e.g., the Data Security Law and the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Quality), industry standards (e.g., GB / T 50784 Technical Standard for On-site Testing of Concrete Structures), and project contract requirements, including data format, collection frequency, and testing methods.

[0050] In some embodiments, the sampling detection data includes location information, image information, and identification information at the time of sampling; Verifying the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data includes: Upon successful verification of the digital signature using the client's public key, it is determined that the integrity verification of the sampled detection data has been successful. In response to the sampling and detection data meeting preset conditions, the compliance verification of the sampling and detection data is determined to be passed; wherein, the preset conditions include: the location information is consistent with the location of the detection area, the image information conforms to the coverage sampling process, and the identification information is consistent with the detection object.

[0051] Location information refers to the geographical coordinates (longitude, latitude, and altitude) and timestamp of the sampling site recorded through the Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou, or indoor positioning technologies (such as Ultra Wide Band, UWB), used to confirm whether the sampling location is within the testing area specified in the construction drawings. Image information refers to real-time photos or videos taken during the sampling process using smart terminals (such as mobile phones or industrial cameras), covering key operational steps (such as core drilling and rebar scanning), used to verify the authenticity and standardization of the testing activities. Identification information refers to unique identifiers associated with the tested object (such as QR codes, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and component numbers), used to bind sampling data to specific engineering locations (such as "foundation slab - Z3 section - 5th pile"), ensuring data traceability. Digital signatures refer to electronic signatures generated based on asymmetric encryption technologies (such as RSA and ECDSA). The sender (e.g., the testing personnel's terminal) encrypts the data hash value using a private key, and the receiver (e.g., the management platform) decrypts and verifies it using a public key, ensuring the data source is trustworthy and has not been tampered with. Preset conditions refer to a set of rules set to verify data compliance, which may include: location consistency: sampling coordinates must fall within the testing area marked on the construction drawings (e.g., error ≤ 1 meter); image coverage: photos / videos must clearly show the testing object, operating tools, and environmental features (e.g., marker points on concrete surfaces); and identification matching: component numbers in the data must match the scanning results of on-site markers (e.g., RFID tags).

[0052] Specifically, during the integrity verification process, the server uses the client's public key to decrypt the encrypted digital signature and recalculates the hash value of the sampled data (such as SHA-256). If it matches the original hash value carried in the signature, the data is confirmed to have not been tampered with, and the integrity verification passes. If the verification fails, the system automatically marks the data as "suspicious" and triggers an alarm to notify the sender to re-upload.

[0053] During the compliance verification process, the following steps are performed: Location information verification: Spatial analysis is conducted between the sampled coordinates and the boundary coordinates of the inspection area in the BIM model (e.g., whether the point is within a polygon). If the positional deviation exceeds a threshold (e.g., 2 meters), it is deemed non-compliant. Image information verification: Image recognition algorithms (e.g., OpenCV, YOLO) are used to detect whether the photos contain preset key elements (e.g., safety helmets of inspection personnel, core drilling machine model), and image clarity is calculated (e.g., SSIM value ≥ 0.8) to ensure the traceability of the sampling process. Identification information verification: The component number (e.g., "JZ-03-05") in the scanned data is compared with the results of scanning RFID tags or QR codes on-site. If they do not match, the data source is identified as abnormal. Compliance verification is passed only when all three conditions—location, image, and identification—are met, and the data proceeds to the next analysis stage.

[0054] For data that fails verification, the system can generate detailed error reports (such as "positioning deviation 3.2 meters" or "image missing core drill") and push them to the responsible party (such as on-site inspectors or supervisors) to require rectification. All verification records are stored on the blockchain for evidence storage, supporting regulatory authorities to access and verify them at any time, ensuring that the process is transparent and auditable.

[0055] In step S350, in response to the successful verification of the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data, the sampling and testing data is stored in the blockchain.

[0056] The process involves encapsulating data into transactions in a standard format, including key metadata such as data hash values, timestamps, and detection object identifiers. A smart contract then invokes blockchain nodes (such as Hyperledger Fabric or a consortium blockchain platform) to broadcast the transaction to consensus nodes across the network for verification. After confirmation by consensus algorithms such as PBFT or Raft, the data is permanently stored in the blockchain's distributed ledger as immutable blocks, and a unique notarization number (e.g., "BLC-20240801-001") is generated and returned to the sender. The entire process utilizes asymmetric encryption (such as ECDSA) to ensure data transmission security and employs zero-knowledge proof technology (optionally) to anonymize sensitive information (such as specific detection values), balancing privacy protection and traceability.

[0057] The distributed storage and hash chain structure of blockchain ensure that once data is on the chain, any single-point attack or internal tampering will be detected and rejected by all nodes in the network, ensuring that the detection records (such as concrete strength values ​​and sampling locations) are permanently preserved in their original state. In step S360, a visualized sampling and detection result is generated based on the sampling and detection data in the blockchain.

[0058] Based on the sampling and testing data already stored in the blockchain, the system generates a dynamic testing result dashboard through multi-dimensional data fusion and a visualization engine. For example, it pulls structured data (such as location coordinates, test values, and image hashes) and metadata (timestamps, operators, and compliance status) from blockchain nodes in real time, and combines them with BIM models or GIS maps to construct a spatial-temporal dual-dimensional data foundation. Then, using visualization libraries such as ECharts and D3.js, the location information is mapped to test points in the 3D model (such as core sampling points for bridge pile foundations), and the strength distribution is displayed using a heat map. At the same time, the test values ​​(such as concrete compressive strength) are graded and colored according to the standard threshold (green - qualified / red - unqualified), and historical test trend curves are superimposed. For image information, key operation steps (such as core drilling and sample sealing) are displayed through a thumbnail matrix, supporting click-to-zoom and AI-assisted annotation (such as automatic identification of rebar spacing deviation). Finally, an interactive report containing a data traceability QR code is generated. Scanning the code will take you to the blockchain browser to view the original stored records, ensuring that the results are verifiable and traceable.

[0059] In some embodiments, generating visualized sampling and testing results based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain includes: In response to the successful verification of the completeness and compliance of the sampling and testing data, a sampling and testing result is generated based on the sampling and testing data and the corresponding testing standard; wherein, if the sampling and testing data meets the requirements of the testing standard, the sampling and testing result is qualified; if the sampling and testing data does not meet the requirements of the testing standard, the sampling and testing result is unqualified. An electronic ledger and / or comparison data are generated based on the sampling and testing data; the electronic ledger includes the receiving time, storage location and testing progress of the sampling and testing data, and the comparison data includes a comparison between the historical testing data of the tested object in the testing area and the sampling and testing data; A time-axis-based chart may display at least one of the following: the sampling and testing results, the sampling and testing data, the electronic ledger, or the comparison data.

[0060] The system utilizes sampling and testing data that has already passed integrity and compliance verification within the blockchain to construct a dynamic and visualized testing result system. First, it automatically compares the testing data with preset standards (e.g., concrete strength ≥ C30, rebar spacing deviation ≤ ±5mm), generating a "qualified / unqualified" result and adding a blockchain timestamp. Simultaneously, it generates a structured electronic ledger, recording the data reception time, blockchain storage hash value, and testing process nodes (e.g., "sampling completed - laboratory testing - results uploaded to the blockchain"). It also extracts past testing values ​​of the same testing object (e.g., a bridge pier) from historical blockchain data, generating a comparison dataset (e.g., "March 2024 strength 42MPa vs August 2024 40MPa"). Finally, it integrates and displays the results, ledger, and comparison data through timeline charts (e.g., line charts showing strength change trends, bar charts comparing different batch pass rates, and Gantt charts tracking testing progress). It supports multi-dimensional filtering by testing area, component type, etc., and embeds blockchain traceability links to achieve "one-click verification of data authenticity."

[0061] Therefore, the system automatically compares test data with standard thresholds, eliminating human error (such as misjudging 41.8 MPa as unqualified), while blockchain storage ensures the immutability of the judgment results. By recording data reception time, storage location, and testing progress, managers can monitor the testing process in real time and intervene promptly to avoid delays. Comparative analysis of historical test data with current values ​​can expose potential quality problems in advance, and machine learning models can generate early warnings (such as "the strength is expected to be lower than the design value in 6 months"). Timeline charts lower the barrier to data interpretation and improve collaborative efficiency, while dynamic charts allow non-professionals to grasp the quality overview within 10 seconds. The system supports exporting PDF / Excel reports and embedding blockchain traceability QR codes to meet regulatory audit requirements.

[0062] See Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic flowchart illustrating a sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be deployed on a terminal. Figure 4 In the process of sampling and testing in the construction of pumped storage power stations, method 400 can further include the following steps.

[0063] In step S410, a sampling and testing task is received from the server. The sampling and testing task is generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project.

[0064] The intelligent distribution and dynamic management of sampling and testing tasks can be achieved through API interfaces between the server and the client. The server parses construction drawings based on the BIM model of the construction project, extracts key component information, and automatically generates a sampling task list using a rule engine in conjunction with preset testing standards. Task data can be transmitted to the client (mobile app or smart terminal) via encrypted transmission (such as TLS 1.3 protocol).

[0065] In step S420, in response to the detection of a trigger operation for the identification information of the sampling detection task, the sampling location information and real-time image information about the sampling process are acquired.

[0066] When a testing personnel scans the unique identifier of the sampling and testing task (such as a QR code, RFID tag, or NFC chip) on a mobile device, the positioning module (GPS / BeiDou + UWB) is triggered to automatically collect the current geographical coordinates, and the camera is simultaneously activated to capture the sampling operation video stream in real time. To ensure data authenticity, the positioning information and metadata of the image frames can be uploaded to the server.

[0067] In step S430, sampling detection data is generated based on the identification information, the positioning information, and the image information.

[0068] The process involves linking and integrating identification information, location information, and image information to generate a JSON-formatted test data package that conforms to GB / T 50344 "Technical Standard for Building Structure Testing". The data package contains a blockchain-based evidence hash value (including the operator's digital signature, timestamp, and device ID) and is ultimately pushed to the server.

[0069] In step S440, the sampling and detection data is encrypted and sent to the server for storage in the blockchain; and a visualized sampling and detection result is generated based on the sampling and detection data in the blockchain.

[0070] The client generates a sampling detection data packet (including identifier parameters, location coordinates, and image quantization values), which is then encrypted using the AES-256 symmetric encryption algorithm (the key is dynamically generated by the server and transmitted to the client via RSA asymmetric encryption) to ensure the security of the transmission process. Once the encrypted data arrives at the server, the server uses the SHA-3 algorithm to generate a data hash value. This hash value, along with the operator's digital signature, timestamp, and device ID, is then encapsulated into a blockchain transaction. This transaction is then recorded on the blockchain via a smart contract on the Hyperledger Fabric consortium blockchain (supporting multi-node consensus verification to ensure data immutability).

[0071] In some embodiments, the sampling and detection task includes a detection area and a detection object; The method 400 further includes: generating identification information for pairs based on the type of the detected object.

[0072] The system generates globally unique identifiers based on the type of the object being tested, using a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) algorithm. These identifiers are then linked to the object's standard parameters (e.g., the strength grade of a concrete column is C60, and the spacing of the reinforcing mesh is 150mm) and stored in the database. After the client scans the identifier, the system automatically parses the object type and loads the corresponding testing template (e.g., for concrete columns, the core diameter and strength value must be recorded; for reinforcing mesh, the spacing deviation and corrosion rate must be recorded). This ensures a strong match between the sampled testing data and the object's characteristics, preventing data errors caused by object confusion.

[0073] See Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 In this system, the server performs at least one of the following operations: generating work record forms, generating and issuing test tasks, receiving test data, and analyzing and displaying the test data. Specifically, the work record form generation involves generating a standardized "Witness Sampling Record Form," containing fields such as sample information (name, specifications, quantity), sampling location, and testing items, formatted as XML and associated with equipment ledger codes. Test task generation and issuance involves automatically generating sampling tasks based on the construction progress, including task number, sampling location, sample type, and testing standards, and issuing them to the client via a heterogeneous network. Data reception and analysis involves receiving sampling data (including GPS location, photos, and QR code information) uploaded by the client, automatically verifying data integrity, and analyzing sampling compliance (e.g., whether the location matches the construction location and whether the photos cover the sampling process). Data visualization involves displaying the entire process from sampling and delivery to testing in the form of a timeline and flowchart, generating an electronic ledger containing the receiving time, storage location, and testing progress, and supporting horizontal (similar samples) and vertical (historical data from the same location) comparative analysis.

[0074] The client is used to perform at least one of the following operations: receiving test tasks, collecting test data at the test site, and uploading the test data to the test data server. Specifically, task reception and display: receiving sampling tasks issued by the server, displaying sampling requirements, location information, and record form templates. On-site sampling data collection: QR code recognition: sampling personnel use authorized WeChat to scan the sample's unique QR code, and the system automatically retrieves GPS positioning data (accuracy down to the meter level); image evidence collection: synchronously triggering the camera to take multi-angle photos (including sampling environment, sample status, and identification process), embedding timestamps and location information in the photos; data entry: filling in information such as sample quantity and specifications, and associating it with the testing order number. Encrypted data upload: encrypting the location data, photos, and filled-in information and uploading them to the server in real time, using blockchain technology for data storage to ensure immutability.

[0075] Specifically, the server can automatically generate structured sampling tasks based on specific locations in the construction drawings (such as the main plant, pressure pipelines, etc.) and testing plans (such as concrete strength, steel reinforcement mechanical properties, etc.). Tasks can include key information: Task name: e.g., "Main Plant Floor Slab Concrete Sampling"; Equipment ledger code: a unique identifier for the sampling equipment (e.g., "P-001" corresponding to a concrete sampler); Work record form code: associated with a standard testing form (e.g., "JG-20250618" corresponding to the "Concrete Compressive Strength Test Record Form"); Testing standard: clearly specifying the applicable standard (e.g., GB / T 50081-2019 "Standard for Test Methods of Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Concrete"). Tasks can be distributed via 4G / 5G public networks or dedicated power grids, pushing the tasks to the sampling personnel's client (mobile app or dedicated terminal). The task status is marked as "Pending Receipt," and a timeout reminder is set (e.g., if not received within 24 hours, the task will be resent).

[0076] Sampling personnel can log in to the client to view the list of pending tasks and click on the task details to confirm the sampling location (e.g., section 3 of the main plant floor slab). The system automatically checks the deviation between the task location and the current GPS positioning (if it exceeds 50 meters, an alert is triggered, requiring manual verification). Sampling personnel can use the client to scan the sample QR code (e.g., a cable tie-style QR code fixed to a steel reinforcement sample or concrete test block mold). The QR code content includes: a unique sample identifier (e.g., "SAMPLE-20250618-001"), the associated task number, and the generation timestamp. GPS positioning: The system automatically obtains the current latitude and longitude coordinates and records the altitude (applicable to mountainous power stations).

[0077] The client triggers the camera to continuously take at least 3 photos: Before sampling: showing the original state of the sample (e.g., the rebar is not cut, the concrete is not drilled); During sampling: recording the sampling process (e.g., using a cutting machine to cut the rebar, using a core drill to take concrete core samples); After sampling: displaying the complete shape of the sample (e.g., the length of the cut rebar, the diameter of the concrete core sample). Photos are automatically watermarked (including time, location, and task number) to prevent tampering.

[0078] Sampling personnel can manually enter the following information: Sample quantity: e.g., "2 groups" (3 specimens per group); Specifications: e.g., steel bar diameter "Φ22mm", concrete strength grade "C30"; Environmental conditions: e.g., ambient temperature "25℃", humidity "60%" (optional). The system automatically associates the testing order number (e.g., "WT-20250618001") and generates a sample flow chain (the complete path from sampling to the laboratory).

[0079] The client encapsulates the sampling and testing data into an encrypted package. Specifically, the sampling and testing data may include structured data: task number, location coordinates, sample information, and order number; and unstructured data: three photos (JPEG format) and QR code scan records (JSON format). The data packets can be encrypted using the national cryptographic algorithm SM4 and uploaded to the server via HTTPS or a secure channel on the power grid. After successful upload, the client displays "Data submitted" and generates a local backup (to prevent data loss due to network interruption).

[0080] After the server decrypts the data packet, it performs the following verifications: Location verification: compares the deviation between the GPS coordinates and the designated location (≤50 meters is considered compliant); Photo verification: checks whether the watermark time matches the task execution time; Logical verification: such as whether the sample quantity and specifications match the testing standards (e.g., Φ22mm steel bars must meet GB / T 1499.2-2018). Upon successful verification, the server writes the data to a blockchain network (such as Hyperledger Fabric), generating a unique transaction ID and an immutable timestamp. The stored evidence may include: data hash value (SHA-256); on-chain time (accurate to the second); and the operator's digital signature (encrypted using a private key based on CA authentication).

[0081] Laboratory personnel use a barcode scanner to scan the sample's QR code and the order form's barcode. The system automatically matches and records the information: Receiving time: e.g., "2025-06-18 10:30"; Storage location: e.g., "Laboratory A Area 03 Shelf 2"; Sample status: initially marked as "Pending Inspection," updated to "Qualified" or "Unqualified" after testing. During the testing process, the system automatically synchronizes data based on the laboratory equipment interface: e.g., "Compressive Strength Test in Progress" (update time: 2025-06-18 14:00); After the test result (e.g., "35.2MPa") is uploaded, the system automatically compares it with the standard value and generates a judgment conclusion.

[0082] The server integrates sampling, transfer, and testing data to generate a PDF report, which can include: a timeline: the complete timeline from task issuance to result output; operation logs: operation logs for roles such as sampling personnel, sample receiving personnel, and testing personnel; and a traceability link: clicking to view the original data stored on the blockchain. The report can be exported as a PDF or pushed to relevant parties such as owners and supervisors via API.

[0083] As can be seen, the detection method of this disclosure improves data reliability: blockchain notation ensures data immutability, meeting the stringent requirements of the power industry for engineering quality; it achieves process transparency: full-process tracking reports realize closed-loop management from sampling to testing, reducing the risk of human intervention; it improves efficiency: automated task generation and data verification reduce manual operation time, and heterogeneous network transmission ensures real-time performance; it guarantees testing compliance: strict verification of testing standards and environmental conditions ensures that data meets the requirements of GB / T, DL / T, and other specifications. Addressing the potential for sample distortion due to witnessing or sampling personnel not being present at the construction site, and the possibility of specimen replacement during curing in the construction unit's concrete curing room, a closed-loop management system for the entire process from sample collection to testing is constructed through the deep integration of IoT technology and QR code identification. By employing GPS positioning, image acquisition, and unique coding technology, the sampling process is visualized, tracked, and tamper-proofly recorded, upgrading traditional manual supervision to digital full-process monitoring. This effectively curbs violations such as sample replacement and forgery. Through the synergistic application of tamper-proof QR code labels and automatic data acquisition systems, the uniqueness of sample identification and the authenticity of test data are ensured. This strengthens the precise correlation between "person-sample-number" and compels the implementation of testing responsibilities through a reverse traceability mechanism.

[0084] This disclosure establishes a closed-loop digital supervision system covering the entire process from sampling source to testing terminal. Through deep integration of encrypted QR codes with mobile terminals, it achieves "three-dimensional positioning + multi-dimensional evidence preservation" during the sampling process. Specifically, after sampling personnel scan the sample's unique QR code using authorized WeChat at the construction site, the system automatically retrieves GPS location data and simultaneously triggers cameras to capture multi-angle evidence photos. These photos are then encrypted and uploaded to the supervision platform in real time, ensuring the information cannot be tampered with.

[0085] Depending on the sample category and condition, a suitable unique QR code identification method (tray type, cable tie type, sticker type) is adopted. This QR code identification is easy to install, not easily damaged, contaminated, or fallen off. After installation, it is tightly bound to the sample, difficult to remove, and easy to identify, enhancing the traceability of the sample.

[0086] For third-party civil engineering and metal testing laboratories, the system further enhances the intelligence level of information verification during sample acceptance. Receiving personnel can accurately match the sample with the "Testing Request Form" within 10 seconds using a barcode scanner and QR code dual-mode recognition technology. If a label is damaged or data conflicts occur, the system immediately triggers a red alert and locks the sample. After the sample enters the laboratory, the system automatically generates an operation record containing parameters such as reception time, storage location, and testing progress, enabling full-process tracking of witnessed testing and ensuring the authenticity of the tested samples and the continuity of information.

[0087] The relevant testing and inspection equipment is connected to the automatic test data acquisition system and the test report anti-counterfeiting system to realize the automatic recording and uploading of test data, eliminate the phenomenon of issuing test reports with fake test specimens or without test specimens, improve the efficiency of test record and report generation, enhance the quality of test data statistical analysis and evaluation, and can be traced back to the source by scanning the anti-counterfeiting QR code on the test report.

[0088] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0089] Based on the same technical concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this disclosure also provides a sampling and testing device for pumped storage power station construction projects, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 The sampling and testing device for the pumped storage power station construction project is used on the server side, and the device includes: The task generation module is used to generate corresponding sampling and testing tasks based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project. The task sending module is used to send the sampling and detection task to the client; A data receiving module is used to receive encrypted sampling and detection data for the sampling and detection task. The parsing and verification module is used to parse the encrypted sampling and detection data and verify the integrity and compliance of the sampling and detection data. An on-chain storage module is used to store the sampling and testing data in the blockchain in response to the successful verification of the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data; The display module is used to generate visualized sampling and testing results based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain.

[0090] Based on the same technical concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this disclosure also provides a sampling and testing device for pumped storage power station construction projects, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 The sampling and testing device for the construction of the pumped storage power station is applied to the client side. The device includes: The task receiving module is used to receive sampling and testing tasks from the server, which are generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project. The information acquisition module is used to acquire the sampling location information and real-time image information about the sampling process in response to the trigger operation of detecting the identification information for the sampling detection task. The data generation module is used to generate sampling detection data based on the identification information, the positioning information, and the image information; The data sending module is used to encrypt the sampling and detection data and send it to the server so that the server can store it in the blockchain; and to generate visualized sampling and detection results based on the sampling and detection data in the blockchain.

[0091] For ease of description, the above apparatus is described in terms of its functions, divided into various modules. Of course, in implementing this disclosure, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0092] The apparatus described above is used to implement the sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0093] Based on the same technical concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this disclosure also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0094] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0095] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to execute the sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0096] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; within the framework of this disclosure, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0097] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this disclosure, the provided drawings may or may not show well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components. Furthermore, the apparatus may be shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this disclosure, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of this disclosure will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details (e.g., circuits) have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0098] Although this disclosure has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may be used with the embodiments discussed.

[0099] This disclosure is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects, characterized in that, Applied to the server side, the method includes: The corresponding sampling and testing tasks are generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project; Send the sampling and detection task to the client; Receive encrypted sampling and detection data for the sampling and detection task; The encrypted sampling and testing data is parsed, and the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data are verified. In response to the successful verification of the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data, the sampling and testing data is stored in the blockchain; Visualized sampling and testing results are generated based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project, corresponding sampling and testing tasks are generated, including: Structural analysis was performed based on the construction drawings to determine multiple inspection areas; Based on the geographical environment information of the construction project and the corresponding testing standards, the testing objects and testing items of the testing objects in the testing area are determined; The sampling and detection task is generated based on the detection area, the detection object, and the detection item in a preset format.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling and detection data includes location information, image information, and identification information at the time of sampling; Verifying the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data includes: Upon successful verification of the digital signature using the client's public key, it is determined that the integrity verification of the sampled detection data has been successful. In response to the sampling and detection data meeting preset conditions, the compliance verification of the sampling and detection data is determined to be passed; wherein, the preset conditions include: the location information is consistent with the location of the detection area, the image information conforms to the coverage sampling process, and the identification information is consistent with the detection object.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Generate visualized sampling and testing results based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain, including: In response to the successful verification of the completeness and compliance of the sampling and testing data, a sampling and testing result is generated based on the sampling and testing data and the corresponding testing standard; wherein, if the sampling and testing data meets the requirements of the testing standard, the sampling and testing result is qualified; if the sampling and testing data does not meet the requirements of the testing standard, the sampling and testing result is unqualified. An electronic ledger and / or comparison data are generated based on the sampling and testing data; the electronic ledger includes the receiving time, storage location and testing progress of the sampling and testing data, and the comparison data includes a comparison between the historical testing data of the tested object in the testing area and the sampling and testing data; A time-axis-based chart may display at least one of the following: the sampling and testing results, the sampling and testing data, the electronic ledger, or the comparison data.

5. A sampling and testing method for pumped storage power station construction projects, characterized in that, Applied to a client, the method includes: Receive sampling and testing tasks from the server, which are generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project; In response to the detection of a trigger operation for the identification information of the sampling detection task, the location information of the sampling is acquired, as well as real-time image information about the sampling process is acquired. Sampling and detection data are generated based on the identification information, the positioning information, and the image information; The sampling and testing data is encrypted and sent to the server for storage in the blockchain; and a visualized sampling and testing result is generated based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sampling and testing task includes the testing area and the testing object; The method further includes: generating identification information for pairs based on the type of the detected object.

7. A sampling and testing device for pumped storage power station construction projects, characterized in that, Applied to the server side, the device includes: The task generation module is used to generate corresponding sampling and testing tasks based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project. The task sending module is used to send the sampling and detection task to the client; A data receiving module is used to receive encrypted sampling and detection data for the sampling and detection task. The parsing and verification module is used to parse the encrypted sampling and detection data and verify the integrity and compliance of the sampling and detection data. An on-chain storage module is used to store the sampling and testing data in the blockchain in response to the successful verification of the integrity and compliance of the sampling and testing data; The display module is used to generate visualized sampling and testing results based on the sampling and testing data in the blockchain.

8. A sampling and testing device for pumped storage power station construction projects, characterized in that, Applied to a client, the device includes: The task receiving module is used to receive sampling and testing tasks from the server, which are generated based on the construction drawings and testing standards of the construction project. The information acquisition module is used to acquire the sampling location information and real-time image information about the sampling process in response to the trigger operation of detecting the identification information for the sampling detection task. The data generation module is used to generate sampling detection data based on the identification information, the positioning information, and the image information; The data sending module is used to encrypt the sampling and detection data and send it to the server so that the server can store it in the blockchain; and to generate visualized sampling and detection results based on the sampling and detection data in the blockchain.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

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