Cold chain agricultural product management method and device based on block chain

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, and provides a cold-chain agricultural product management method and device based on a block chain, and the method comprises the steps: mapping cold-chain agricultural products in a physical world into target tokens on the block chain at a production place node, transferring the target token to a block chain address associated with the logistics transportation tool; at a cold chain transportation node, periodically collecting state data of the cold chain agricultural products, processing the state data through a pre-trained intelligent model, generating quality rating of the cold chain agricultural products, packaging the quality rating and other verification data into a data packet, and uploading the data packet to a corresponding block chain address; and continuously monitoring the online quality rating through the smart contract, and waiting for the user to purchase the cold-chain agricultural products at the collection and distribution nodes. By means of the block chain technology, transparency and traceability of cold chain agricultural product management can be improved, intelligent supervision and efficient transaction are achieved, and transaction efficiency and security are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular to a blockchain-based method and apparatus for managing cold chain agricultural products. Background Technology

[0002] Agricultural products, especially fresh and perishable ones, need to go through a series of storage, transportation, and distribution stages after being harvested from the production area before finally reaching consumers. To ensure the quality, freshness, and food safety of agricultural products and reduce losses during distribution, cold chain logistics has emerged and plays a crucial role. A complete cold chain system requires agricultural products to remain in a specific low-temperature environment throughout the entire supply chain to inhibit microbial activity and biochemical changes.

[0003] In existing technologies, the management of cold chain agricultural products typically relies on centralized management systems. For example, logistics companies or warehousing centers use their own databases to record information on the entry and exit of goods, transportation routes, and sporadic data collected by temperature sensors. However, this traditional management model has many inherent drawbacks, such as lack of transparency and information silos, data susceptibility to tampering and high trust costs, difficulty in traceability, and low regulatory efficiency.

[0004] To address some of these issues, some solutions have incorporated Internet of Things (IoT) technology, using sensors to collect environmental data in real time by installing sensors such as temperature and humidity on transport vehicles or packaging. However, this data is typically still uploaded to centralized servers, failing to fundamentally resolve the problems of data trust and transparency.

[0005] In recent years, blockchain technology, with its decentralized, tamper-proof, transparent, and traceable characteristics, has offered a new approach to solving trust issues in supply chain management. Existing technologies have attempted to use blockchain for product traceability, recording key information about each step of a product's journey on the chain to achieve anti-counterfeiting and traceability. However, most of these applications remain at the level of static information recording and cannot truly meet the management needs of cold chain agricultural products. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a blockchain-based method and device for managing cold chain agricultural products. It can not only ensure the authenticity and traceability of data throughout the entire cold chain agricultural product process, but also dynamically and intelligently evaluate the product quality during transportation, and automate transactions and supervision based on the evaluation results, thereby comprehensively improving the transparency, efficiency and security of cold chain management.

[0007] This application provides a blockchain-based method for managing cold chain agricultural products, comprising: at the production site node, mapping cold chain agricultural products in the physical world to target tokens on the blockchain, and transferring the target tokens to the blockchain address associated with the logistics and transportation vehicle; at the cold chain transportation node, periodically collecting status data of the cold chain agricultural products, processing the status data through a pre-trained intelligent model to generate a quality rating for the cold chain agricultural products, and packaging the quality rating and other verification data into a data package and uploading it to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics and transportation vehicle; continuously monitoring the uploaded quality rating through a smart contract until the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, and waiting for users to purchase the cold chain agricultural products at the distribution node.

[0008] According to the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application, after the distribution node waits for users to purchase cold chain agricultural products, it also includes: after the cold chain agricultural products are delivered to users offline, the target token is transferred to the retail node address representing the user, and the status of the target token is marked as "sold" through a smart contract, and the circulation function is closed.

[0009] According to the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application, the quality rating on the blockchain is continuously monitored through smart contracts, including: when a risk of damage to goods is determined according to preset risk rules, a freezing operation is triggered to lock or restrict the circulation function of the target token under the blockchain address of the logistics transportation vehicle.

[0010] According to the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application, the existence of cargo damage risk is determined according to preset risk rules, including: within a preset sliding time window, the quality rating continuously declines to a preset number of times, or declines to a preset minimum level in a single instance.

[0011] According to the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application, the method further includes: after the target token is frozen, the smart contract provides at least one risk disposal operation option to the related party of the logistics transportation vehicle; wherein, the risk disposal operation option includes re-rating to apply for unfreezing, downgrading the transshipment disposal, and triggering the compensation mechanism for self-pickup by the cargo owner.

[0012] According to the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application, the data package includes: a hash fingerprint generated based on state data, a quality rating output by a smart model, the geographical location information of the logistics transportation vehicle, a timestamp, and a digital signature of the submitted data by the vehicle's onboard gateway.

[0013] This application also provides a blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management device, comprising: a mapping module, used at the production site node to map cold chain agricultural products in the physical world to target tokens on the blockchain, and transfer the target tokens to the blockchain address associated with the logistics transportation vehicle; a transportation module, used at the cold chain transportation node to periodically collect status data of the cold chain agricultural products, process the status data through a pre-trained intelligent model, generate a quality rating for the cold chain agricultural products, and package the quality rating and other verification data into a data package and upload it to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics transportation vehicle; and a monitoring module, used to continuously monitor the uploaded quality rating through a smart contract until the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, and wait for users to purchase the cold chain agricultural products at the distribution node.

[0014] This application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method as described above.

[0015] This application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method as described above.

[0016] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method as described above.

[0017] This application provides a blockchain-based method and apparatus for managing cold chain agricultural products. The method includes: at the production node, mapping cold chain agricultural products in the physical world to target tokens on the blockchain, and transferring the target tokens to the blockchain address associated with the logistics and transportation vehicle; at the cold chain transportation node, periodically collecting status data of the cold chain agricultural products, processing the status data through a pre-trained intelligent model to generate a quality rating for the cold chain agricultural products, and packaging the quality rating and other verification data into a data package and uploading it to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics and transportation vehicle; continuously monitoring the uploaded quality rating through a smart contract until the target token is transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, where the distribution node awaits user purchases of the cold chain agricultural products. Through the above method, this application, leveraging blockchain technology, can improve the transparency and traceability of cold chain agricultural product management; mapping agricultural products to target tokens and associating them with the blockchain address of the logistics and transportation vehicle at the production node, periodically collecting status data at the transportation node, generating quality ratings through an intelligent model, and timely feedback on quality changes of agricultural products during transportation; and continuously monitoring the quality ratings through smart contracts to ensure quality compliance throughout the process; thus achieving intelligent supervision and efficient transactions, improving transaction efficiency and security. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts of the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is the second flowchart of the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall functionality of the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application embodiment.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0026] In related technologies, blockchain-based cold chain traceability typically adopts the standard paradigm of "IoT data collection - hashing on-chain - multi-party consensus": multi-mode sensors such as temperature and humidity sensors, door magnets, and GPS sensors are deployed at the production site, cold storage, refrigerated trucks, and retail outlets. Edge gateways aggregate raw data to the cloud via TLS channels at a cycle of T=30s~5min, while simultaneously calculating SHA-256 hashes on the data packets and writing them into a consortium blockchain (such as Hyperledger Fabric, Quorum, or BCOS). Subsequently, participants such as processing, logistics, quality inspection, and insurance act as consensus nodes to conduct BFT-type consensus on transactions, ensuring ledger consistency.

[0027] Only hashes, timestamps, and participant signatures are stored on the chain. Complete data is redundantly backed up through IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) or object storage, achieving a low-cost, high-throughput model of "on-chain evidence collection and off-chain verification".

[0028] When goods arrive at a critical node, RFID or QR codes are scanned, and smart contracts automatically verify whether the previous temperature control hash is continuous. If a chain break occurs or the threshold is exceeded, an early warning is triggered and subsequent circulation is frozen, thus forming an immutable cold chain evidence chain covering the entire "harvesting-precooling-warehousing-transportation-distribution" chain.

[0029] However, the quality degradation of cold chain agricultural products mainly occurs during transportation. In some solutions, when conducting transactions on the blockchain, the main chain only stores IPFS hashes, and environmental data is only used for "post-event traceability" and cannot determine the fate of assets in real time. There is a lack of a mechanism to convert dynamic temperature control into on-chain control signals, which means that manual verification, claims and freezing of circulation are still required when goods are damaged, and cannot be automatically triggered. At the same time, no high-frequency on-chain sampling and rating degradation thresholds are set in the transportation process, which makes it impossible to stop assets in time before the expiration of shelf life or quality inflection point. As a result, the value of goods has depreciated but the assets are still circulating along the chain, amplifying the losses of the entire chain and the costs of subsequent disputes.

[0030] Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide a blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method that enables efficient tokenized transactions, traceability logistics, and insurance claims for cold chain agricultural products.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is one of the flowcharts illustrating a blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application embodiment. In this embodiment, the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method may include steps S110 to S130, each step being as follows: S110: At the origin node, cold chain agricultural products in the physical world are mapped to target tokens on the blockchain, and the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address associated with the logistics transportation vehicle.

[0032] At the origin node, cold chain agricultural products in the physical world are mapped to target tokens on the blockchain, and then the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address associated with the logistics and transportation vehicle.

[0033] The target token can refer to RWA tokens, which are tokenized products of Real-World Assets. They are tokens formed by digitizing and tokenizing various real-world assets through blockchain technology.

[0034] For example, each batch or each cold chain agricultural product is assigned a unique identifier, such as through a QR code or RFID tag. Leveraging the characteristics of blockchain, a one-to-one mapping relationship is established between these physical identifiers and target tokens on the blockchain.

[0035] The origin node has the authority to manage the tokens. After the mapping is completed, the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics and transportation vehicle according to the preset rules. Understandably, the logistics and transportation vehicle obtains digital control over this batch of cold chain agricultural products.

[0036] S120: At the cold chain transportation node, the status data of cold chain agricultural products is collected periodically. The status data is processed by a pre-trained intelligent model to generate a quality rating of the cold chain agricultural products. The quality rating and other verification data are packaged into a data package and uploaded to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics transportation tool.

[0037] During cold chain transportation, status data of cold chain agricultural products are collected periodically. These data are then processed using a pre-trained intelligent model to obtain a quality rating for the cold chain agricultural products. The quality rating is then combined with other verification data into a data package and uploaded to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics transportation vehicle.

[0038] Specifically, various sensors, such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and gas sensors, are installed in cold chain transportation vehicles to periodically collect relevant data on the environment in which cold chain agricultural products are located, such as temperature, humidity, and gas composition.

[0039] Alternatively, the collected data can be stored locally via IPFS.

[0040] The collected state data is analyzed and processed using a pre-trained deep learning model. Based on preset rules and algorithms, combined with historical data and industry standards, the model assesses the quality rating of cold chain agricultural products.

[0041] Optionally, deep learning models may include ResNet, MobileNet, ShuffleNet, etc.

[0042] The deep learning model directly determines the grade of a single fruit image and outputs the result. For example, Grade A indicates that the main color area of ​​the peel is ≥80% and there are no visible defects; Grade B indicates that the main color area is 50%–80% and there are no mold spots; Grade C indicates that the main color area is 30%–50% or there are defects ≤1cm. 2 Light-colored spots; Grade D indicates visible mold, wrinkles, or dents.

[0043] Optionally, the pre-trained intelligent model can analyze and process the collected cold chain agricultural product status data to assess the quality rating of the agricultural products. The intelligent model is trained based on a large amount of historical data and industry standards, and learns the patterns and characteristics in the data through machine learning or deep learning algorithms, thereby achieving an accurate assessment of the quality of agricultural products.

[0044] The generated quality rating, along with other verification data such as sensor calibration information and acquisition time, is packaged into a data package and uploaded to the corresponding blockchain address of the logistics transportation vehicle through a blockchain interface to ensure the immutability and traceability of the data.

[0045] Optionally, the data packet may include: a hash fingerprint generated based on the state data, a quality rating output by the smart model, the geographic location information of the logistics vehicle, a timestamp, and a digital signature of the submitted data by the vehicle's onboard gateway.

[0046] The digital signature of the submitted data by the vehicle gateway can include a digital signature corresponding to a hash fingerprint, a digital signature corresponding to a quality rating, a digital signature corresponding to geographic location information, and a digital signature corresponding to a timestamp.

[0047] S130: Continuously monitor the quality rating of the tokens on the blockchain through smart contracts until the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, and wait for users to purchase cold chain agricultural products at the distribution node.

[0048] The quality rating of the tokens already on the blockchain is continuously monitored using smart contracts until the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, where they then wait for users to purchase the cold chain agricultural products.

[0049] A smart contract is an automatically executing computer program that can automatically perform corresponding operations based on preset conditions and rules. In this technical solution, smart contracts are used to monitor on-chain quality rating data. When specific conditions are met, corresponding operations are triggered, such as alerts or token transfers. The use of smart contracts improves the automation and reliability of the system.

[0050] In this embodiment, a smart contract program can be written and deployed on a blockchain network. The smart contract will periodically check the quality rating data on the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics transportation vehicle. When an anomaly in the quality rating is detected or a preset threshold is reached, a corresponding early warning mechanism will be triggered.

[0051] Once the cold-chain agricultural products are transported to the distribution node, the target tokens are transferred from the blockchain address of the logistics vehicle to the blockchain address of the distribution node. At this point, the distribution node awaits users to purchase these cold-chain agricultural products. Users can check the quality rating and other verification data on the blockchain to understand the quality status of the agricultural products and make a purchase decision.

[0052] In this embodiment, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger technology with features such as immutability, traceability, and consensus mechanisms. This technical solution utilizes these characteristics of blockchain to store relevant information about cold chain agricultural products (such as target tokens, quality ratings, and verification data) on the blockchain, ensuring data security and trustworthiness. Different nodes (origin nodes, logistics and transportation nodes, and distribution nodes) can interact and share data through the blockchain network, achieving information transparency and traceability.

[0053] As mentioned above, because relevant information about cold chain agricultural products, such as target tokens, quality ratings, and verification data, is recorded on the blockchain, consumers and regulatory authorities can query the data on the blockchain to understand detailed information about the entire transportation process of agricultural products from the place of origin to the distribution center, including transportation environment and quality changes. This improves the transparency of the agricultural product supply chain and enhances consumer trust in product quality. In the event of a quality problem, the traceability information on the blockchain can be used to quickly locate the link where the problem occurred and the responsible party, facilitating timely measures to address the issue and reduce losses.

[0054] During cold chain transportation, this embodiment periodically collects status data and uses a smart model for quality rating, enabling real-time monitoring of agricultural product quality. When an anomaly in the quality rating is detected, the smart contract promptly triggers an early warning mechanism, reminding relevant personnel to take measures such as adjusting the transportation environment or changing transportation tools, thereby ensuring the quality of agricultural products. The use of the smart model can more accurately assess the quality of agricultural products, avoiding interference from human factors and improving the accuracy and reliability of quality assessment.

[0055] This application embodiment utilizes blockchain and smart contract technologies to achieve automated management of the cold chain agricultural product supply chain: the monitoring function of smart contracts can promptly detect and address problems, improving the responsiveness and flexibility of the entire supply chain; the immutability and traceability of blockchain allow consumers to directly understand the quality status of agricultural products by querying data on the blockchain.

[0056] Through the above methods, this application embodiment, by leveraging blockchain technology, can improve the transparency and traceability of cold chain agricultural product management; at the production node, agricultural products are mapped to target tokens and associated with the blockchain address of the logistics transportation vehicle; the transportation node periodically collects status data, and a quality rating is generated by an intelligent model, which can promptly reflect changes in the quality of agricultural products during transportation; smart contracts continuously monitor the quality rating to ensure that the quality meets the standards throughout the process; intelligent supervision and efficient transactions are achieved, improving transaction efficiency and security.

[0057] In some embodiments, the steps following the waiting period at the distribution node for users to purchase cold chain agricultural products may further include: Once the cold chain agricultural products are delivered to users offline, the target tokens are transferred to the retail node address representing the user, and the status of the target tokens is marked as "sold" through a smart contract, and the circulation function is closed.

[0058] Once the cold chain agricultural products are actually delivered to users offline, the target tokens that previously represented the cold chain agricultural products are transferred from the blockchain address of the distribution node to the retail node address representing the user. The target tokens are then marked as "sold" using a smart contract, and the circulation function of the target tokens is disabled.

[0059] The offline delivery process requires a corresponding confirmation mechanism, such as scanning a delivery voucher QR code or manually entering a delivery confirmation code to trigger the blockchain system to perform a token transfer operation. The system will verify the authenticity and validity of the delivery information, and after confirmation, execute the token transfer instruction and update the token holding address information on the blockchain.

[0060] After the token is successfully transferred to the retail node address, the smart contract automatically performs a status marking operation. This mark is permanently recorded on the blockchain, and any participant can query the token's sales status. Closing the circulation function means that the token can no longer be traded or transferred on the blockchain network.

[0061] Blockchain technology allows for the secure and transparent transfer of digital assets, specifically the target token representing cold chain agricultural products in this embodiment, between different addresses. The distributed ledger and consensus mechanism of the blockchain ensure that token transfer records are accurate and immutable. Once offline delivery is complete, the token status marking and circulation function closure take effect immediately, requiring no manual intervention and improving the speed and accuracy of transaction processing.

[0062] In some embodiments, the step of continuously monitoring the on-chain quality rating through a smart contract may specifically include: When a risk of cargo damage is determined based on preset risk rules, a freeze operation is triggered to lock or restrict the circulation of target tokens under the blockchain address of the logistics transportation vehicle.

[0063] The smart contract analyzes and judges the quality rating data of cold chain agricultural products recorded on the blockchain according to pre-set risk rules. These pre-set risk rules are based on industry standards, historical data and expert experience. For example, if the quality rating is repeatedly below a certain threshold, or if key environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity are outside the normal range for a certain period of time, it is determined that there is a risk of damage to the goods.

[0064] For example, the smart contract periodically reads quality ratings and related status data from the blockchain and compares them with preset risk rules. For instance, it might be set that if the quality rating is below 70 points three times consecutively, or if the temperature is above 5°C for more than 2 hours, then there is a risk of cargo damage.

[0065] Once the smart contract determines that there is a risk of cargo damage based on preset risk rules, it will automatically trigger a freeze operation. The purpose of this operation is to lock or restrict the circulation of target tokens under the blockchain address of the logistics transportation vehicle, preventing the tokens from being improperly transferred or traded in the event of cargo damage.

[0066] The smart contract sends instructions to the blockchain network to modify the state information of the target token, putting it into a frozen state. While frozen, the target token cannot undergo normal transfers, transactions, or other circulation operations unless specific unfreezing conditions are met, such as the problem being resolved or the quality rating returning to normal.

[0067] In summary, a smart contract is a piece of automatically executing code deployed on a blockchain network. It can automatically monitor and process data on the blockchain according to preset rules and conditions. When a risk of loss is detected, the smart contract will automatically trigger corresponding actions, freezing the target tokens for subsequent auditing and retrieval.

[0068] By freezing the circulation of target tokens, the illegal transfer or trading of tokens in the event of cargo damage is prevented. For example, when cold chain agricultural products may be damaged during transportation due to abnormal temperatures, failure to freeze tokens in a timely manner could lead to merchants transferring the tokens corresponding to the problematic agricultural products to unsuspecting buyers, causing financial losses to the buyers. Freezing tokens effectively prevents this from happening, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of both parties in the transaction and ensuring transaction security.

[0069] In some embodiments, the step of determining the existence of cargo damage risk based on preset risk rules may specifically include: Within a preset sliding time window, the quality rating continuously decreases to a preset number of times, or decreases to a preset minimum level in a single instance.

[0070] This embodiment specifically defines the rules for determining the existence of cargo damage risk. This embodiment sets a sliding time window of a certain duration for dynamically monitoring the quality rating data of cold chain agricultural products. This time window slides forward continuously over time, continuously collecting and analyzing the quality rating information within the window. For example, a sliding time window of 24 hours can be set, with the window sliding forward one hour every hour, always focusing on the quality rating situation within the most recent 24 hours.

[0071] Optionally, a sliding time window can be set in the smart contract by configuring time parameters and data collection rules to ensure accurate acquisition of quality rating data within the sliding time window. The blockchain's timestamping function is used to precisely mark each quality rating data point for sorting and analysis within the sliding time window.

[0072] Within a preset sliding time window, quality rating data is continuously monitored. If the quality rating declines consecutively, and the number of declines reaches a preset limit, a risk of cargo damage is identified. For example, if the preset criterion is three consecutive declines, the smart contract will make a corresponding judgment if the quality rating declines three times consecutively within a 24-hour sliding time window.

[0073] Alternatively, within a preset sliding time window, if the quality rating drops to the pre-defined minimum level even once, a risk of cargo loss is also identified. For example, if the minimum level is set to 30 points, the smart contract will determine that there is a risk of cargo loss if the quality rating suddenly drops from a previously higher score to 30 points or below within a 24-hour sliding time window.

[0074] Continuous monitoring and dynamic analysis of quality ratings can promptly detect abnormal changes in the quality of cold chain agricultural products. Whether it's a continuous decline or a single sharp drop to the lowest level, the risk of damage can be quickly identified, and measures such as freezing tokens can be taken in a timely manner to prevent further deterioration of the damage.

[0075] As described above, this embodiment utilizes a preset sliding time window to dynamically monitor the continuously updated quality rating data on the blockchain in real time. By continuously comparing and analyzing the data within the window, it captures the changing trend of the quality rating, determines whether there is an abnormal decline, and enables automated warning and handling of cargo damage risks.

[0076] In some embodiments, the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method may further include the following steps: After the target token is frozen, the smart contract provides at least one risk disposal operation option to the related parties of the logistics transportation vehicle; the risk disposal operation options include re-rating to apply for unfreezing, downgrading the transshipment disposal, and triggering the compensation mechanism for self-pickup by the cargo owner.

[0077] When the target token is frozen due to cargo damage risk, the smart contract will automatically provide various risk management options to the logistics and transportation partners, such as the logistics and transportation company. These options are based on preset rules and possible scenarios, and the partners can choose the appropriate management method according to the actual situation.

[0078] Optionally, after triggering a freeze, the smart contract will send a notification to stakeholders via the blockchain network, listing all available risk management options. Stakeholders can receive the notification and make their selections through a blockchain client or a dedicated application.

[0079] ① Re-evaluate to apply for unfreezing Affiliates can choose to re-rating cold chain agricultural products. If the re-rating results show that the quality rating has returned to normal levels and meets the unfreezing conditions, the affiliates can apply to the smart contract to unfreeze the target tokens.

[0080] ② Downgraded transfer and disposal If a re-evaluation reveals a decline in the quality of agricultural products, but they still possess some use value, a downgraded transfer and disposal option can be chosen. This involves transporting and selling the agricultural products at a lower grade or price.

[0081] For example, the related party determines the downgrade level of agricultural products based on the new quality rating and modifies the relevant information of the target token on the blockchain, such as grade and price. Then, the transshipment and sales are arranged according to the new grade, and the entire process is recorded on the blockchain.

[0082] ③ The cargo owner shall pick up the goods after the compensation mechanism is triggered. If the damage to agricultural products is severe and cannot be resolved through re-grading or downgrading for re-transfer, the relevant parties may choose to trigger a compensation mechanism. After compensation is paid, the owner may choose to collect the remaining agricultural products themselves.

[0083] For example, the smart contract calculates the amount of compensation based on preset compensation rules, deducts the corresponding funds from the related party's account, and pays the goods owner. After the compensation is completed, the goods owner can go to the designated location to pick up the agricultural products based on the information on the blockchain.

[0084] In the embodiments described above, the smart contract can not only automatically execute freezing operations, but also provide risk disposal operation options to related parties according to preset rules and interact with them. Related parties can communicate with the smart contract through the blockchain network, select appropriate disposal methods, and the smart contract automatically executes the corresponding operations based on the related parties' choices. All data throughout the risk disposal process, such as re-rating data, downgrade information, and compensation records, are recorded on the blockchain, possessing the characteristics of immutability and traceability. This ensures the transparency and fairness of the entire process, facilitating inquiries and audits by all parties.

[0085] Please see Figures 2-3 , Figure 2 This is the second flowchart illustrating the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall functionality of the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided in this application embodiment.

[0086] Cold chain agricultural products can be cold chain fresh fruit assets. Upon completion of harvesting, grading, and packaging at the production site, RWA (Resource-Based Assets) are minted in batches. RWA are minted with the highest default rating of A and are locked up by default until loading onto the truck. During the transportation of fresh fruit, RWA are linked to the cold chain logistics vehicle. Onboard sensors record information such as temperature, humidity, location, and door status on the blockchain every 30 minutes. Smart contracts control the flow of RWA and verify cold chain compliance in real time, taking appropriate action if any anomalies occur. Upon arrival at the distribution center, the buyer confirms receipt on the blockchain. After the sale, the RWA circulates and is locked up, completing the on-chain service.

[0087] This method mainly consists of the following four nodes in the blockchain: origin (packaging) node, cold chain transportation node, distribution node, and retail node.

[0088] When preparing for the transportation of cold chain fresh fruit at the production site, the first step is to classify the storage status of the cold chain fresh fruit to be transported and map it to RWA tokens. Specifically, based on factors such as the shelf life and quality of the fresh fruit, its storage status is divided into four levels: A, D, and E. Given the freshness and high quality of the fresh fruit at the production site, it is defaulted to the highest level, A.

[0089] Next, at the production site node, fresh fruit is divided into batches according to the storage space of the truck compartment, mapped to RWA tokens on the blockchain, and transferred to the corresponding blockchain address at the production site node, completing the initial asset on-chain. At this time, the RWA tokens are locked by default and cannot be transferred.

[0090] Finally, after the fresh fruit is loaded, the logistics vehicle undergoes hash verification to ensure the safety and accuracy of the transport vehicle. Once verification is successful, the locked RWA tokens are transferred from the origin node address to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics vehicle, and the cold-chain fresh fruit enters the cold chain logistics node to begin transportation.

[0091] At the cold chain transportation node, a pre-trained neural network model is used to analyze environmental data from the vehicle compartment and collected images of the fresh fruit's condition, thereby automatically classifying the storage status of the fresh fruit in the cold chain. To ensure the real-time nature and accuracy of the data, this analysis is performed every 30 minutes.

[0092] After each analysis, a tiny data packet is generated and uploaded to the blockchain. This tiny data packet can contain enough key information for a smart contract to determine risk and for itself to verify its authenticity, and each packet is only 280 bytes. Optionally, the small data packet can include the following data: ① SHA-256 fingerprint (Hash) of all sensor data during this period t ); ②Single-value quality rating output by the AI ​​model (Score) t ); ③ Vehicle GPS latitude and longitude (Loc) t ); ④ Unix timestamp (T t ); ⑤ ECDSA signature of the first four items by the vehicle gateway (Sig t ).

[0093] The original sensor files are numbered and stored in IPFS, while only fingerprint and rating information are retained on the blockchain. This design allows smart contracts to directly utilize the Score. t Updating ratings, triggering freezes or claims, and then recalculating the hash afterwards. t The audit was completed. Furthermore, the gas consumption per package is approximately 60k, which keeps the daily cost per vehicle below 100 RMB. Gas is a unit used to measure the computing resources required to execute smart contract operations.

[0094] The smart contract will continuously update the score over the last 5 periods. t Verification will be conducted. If two rating downgrades are detected, or if the rating drops to D level after one cycle, a freeze will be triggered immediately. At this time, the RWA tokens under that logistics vehicle address will be locked and prohibited from flowing to any subsequent addresses.

[0095] In this situation, logistics vehicles can apply for the following actions to address the issue: ① Re-rating involves re-collecting environmental data, taking photos, and running an AI model to generate a new score. t If the standard is met three times in a row, the function to restore the flow can be invoked. ② Downgraded transfer: Transfer the goods to "downgraded channels", such as auctioning them nearby or processing them into juice, dried fruit, etc. At the same time, RWA tokens will also be marked to prevent them from entering high-end retail channels. ③ If the cargo owner picks up the goods themselves, the insurance contract will compensate the cargo owner at the distribution node with stablecoins according to the depreciation ratio. The cargo owner can pick up the goods at the cold storage within 24 hours with the compensation certificate. At the same time, the RWA token status will be modified so that it no longer participates in circulation.

[0096] If no abnormalities occur during transportation, the cold-chain fresh fruit will arrive at the distribution node (collection site) with the logistics vehicle. After hash verification is completed, the RWA tokens will be transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, thus entering the next stage.

[0097] At the distribution nodes, users wait to purchase goods at the retail nodes. Once a product is successfully sold, RWA tokens are transferred to the retail node's blockchain address. At this point, the smart contract marks the RWA token's status as "SOLD" and disables its circulation. Simultaneously, the fresh fruit is delivered offline to the buyer, thus ending on-chain liability.

[0098] The above embodiment provides a highly optimized, sophisticated, and risk-management-capable on-chain solution for fresh fruit cargo assets. By tokenizing fresh fruit cargo using RWA (Real-Waste Automated Weapon) tokens, multi-dimensional off-chain data, such as temperature and humidity, ethylene content, vibration levels, and images, is continuously generated during cold chain transportation. This embodiment utilizes an AI model for real-time processing of this data, precisely compressing it into a single-byte quality rating score. t Simultaneously, this rating is uploaded to the blockchain along with a pre-designed 280B "five-piece set" of extremely small data packages. Based on this data foundation, the smart contract can freeze the RWA tokens under the logistics vehicle address in a very short time according to the sliding window rule of "two downgrades within 5 cycles or a single drop to D level". This mechanism achieves fine-grained risk isolation of "loss of goods equals fund lock", providing a solid guarantee for the asset security of fresh fruit goods during cold chain transportation.

[0099] When tokens are frozen, this embodiment also provides risk management options such as reassessment, downgrade, and self-withdrawal, forming a complete closed loop of "freeze-diagnosis-remedy-release". In this closed loop process, important operations such as insurance compensation, pledge deduction, and auction liquidation can be completed simultaneously and in an orderly manner, ensuring that all kinds of risks in the cold chain asset circulation process are comprehensively and effectively controlled.

[0100] Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirements of audit traceability, compliance and cost control in the cold chain asset circulation process, this embodiment can also adopt a one-vehicle-one-address, hash one-way chain list and IPFS raw data collaboration mechanism to ensure that every data link in the cold chain transportation process can be effectively traced, overcoming the shortcomings of related technologies that only perform static NFT (Non-Fungible Token) nesting and cannot control asset circulation in real time.

[0101] In summary, this embodiment employs a novel model of "AI single-value rating + 280B ultra-small data packet" to replace the traditional method of uploading entire segments of raw sensor data to the blockchain, successfully reducing the on-chain data volume by four orders of magnitude. This optimization enables smart contracts to directly read the Score. t Accurate judgments can be made without having to trace back to the original IPFS file, thus avoiding the cumbersome and inefficient process of "searching for large files - downloading - manual verification," which greatly improves data processing efficiency and the timeliness of decision-making.

[0102] Furthermore, the sliding window mechanism of "5 cycles and 2 downgrades" in this embodiment is highly sensitive and timely, automatically triggering token freezing operations within 90 minutes after a downward trend in fresh fruit quality. Risk response is shortened from hourly manual sampling to second-level on-chain locking, significantly enhancing the ability to respond quickly to risks in cold chain assets. Corresponding to token freezing situations, this embodiment provides three professional on-chain unfreezing strategies: retesting, downgrading, and self-withdrawal, further improving the closed-loop process of "freeze-diagnosis-remedy-release" and achieving a fast, low-cost, and self-healing cold chain asset risk control mechanism.

[0103] This application also provides a blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management device. The blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management device provided in this application will be described below. The blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management device described below can be referred to in correspondence with the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method described above.

[0104] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management device provided in an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management device may include a mapping module 410, a transportation module 420, and a monitoring module 430.

[0105] The mapping module 410 is used to map cold chain agricultural products in the physical world to target tokens on the blockchain at the origin node, and to transfer the target tokens to the blockchain address associated with the logistics transportation vehicle.

[0106] The transportation module 420 is used to periodically collect status data of cold chain agricultural products at cold chain transportation nodes, process the status data through a pre-trained intelligent model, generate quality ratings for cold chain agricultural products, and package the quality ratings and other verification data into a data package and upload it to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics transportation vehicle.

[0107] The monitoring module 430 is used to continuously monitor the quality rating of the on-chain through smart contracts until the target token is transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, and waits for users to purchase cold chain agricultural products at the distribution node.

[0108] In some embodiments, the monitoring module 430 is further configured to: Once the cold chain agricultural products are delivered to users offline, the target tokens are transferred to the retail node address representing the user, and the status of the target tokens is marked as "sold" through a smart contract, and the circulation function is closed.

[0109] In some embodiments, the monitoring module 430 is specifically used for: When a risk of cargo damage is determined based on preset risk rules, a freeze operation is triggered to lock or restrict the circulation of target tokens under the blockchain address of the logistics transportation vehicle.

[0110] In some embodiments, the monitoring module 430 is specifically used for: Within a preset sliding time window, the quality rating continuously decreases to a preset number of times, or decreases to a preset minimum level in a single instance.

[0111] In some embodiments, the monitoring module 430 is specifically used to: after the target token is frozen, the smart contract provides at least one risk disposal operation option to the related party of the logistics transportation vehicle; wherein, the risk disposal operation option includes re-rating to apply for unfreezing, downgrading the transshipment disposal, and triggering the compensation mechanism for self-pickup by the cargo owner.

[0112] In some embodiments, the data packet includes: a hash fingerprint generated based on state data, a quality rating output by a smart model, geographic location information of the logistics vehicle, a timestamp, and a digital signature of the submitted data by the vehicle's onboard gateway.

[0113] On the other hand, this application also provides an electronic device, please refer to... Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 5As shown, the electronic device may include a memory 520, a processor 510, and a computer program stored on the memory 520 and executable on the processor 510. When the processor 510 executes the program, it can implement a blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method. This method may include: at the production node, mapping cold chain agricultural products in the physical world to target tokens on the blockchain, and transferring the target tokens to the blockchain address associated with the logistics transportation vehicle; at the cold chain transportation node, periodically collecting status data of the cold chain agricultural products, processing the status data through a pre-trained intelligent model to generate a quality rating for the cold chain agricultural products, and packaging the quality rating and other verification data into a data packet, uploading it to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics transportation vehicle; continuously monitoring the uploaded quality rating through a smart contract until the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, where the distribution node awaits user purchases of the cold chain agricultural products.

[0114] Optionally, the electronic device may further include a communication bus 530 and a communication interface 540, wherein the processor 510, the communication interface 540, and the memory 520 communicate with each other through the communication bus 530. The processor 510 can call the computer program in the memory 520 to execute the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided by the above methods.

[0115] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 520 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0116] On the other hand, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided by the above methods. The steps and principles of the method have been described in detail in the above methods and will not be repeated here.

[0117] In another aspect, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it is implemented to perform the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method provided by the above methods. The steps and principles of the method have been described in detail in the above methods and will not be repeated here.

[0118] Non-transitory computer-readable storage media can be any available medium or data storage device that can be accessed by a processor, including but not limited to magnetic storage (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magneto-optical disks (MOs), etc.), optical storage (e.g., CDs, DVDs, BDs, HVDs, etc.), and semiconductor storage (e.g., ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, non-volatile memory (NAND flash), solid-state drives (SSDs)).

[0119] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0120] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for managing cold chain agricultural products, characterized in that, include: At the origin node, cold chain agricultural products in the physical world are mapped to target tokens on the blockchain, and the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address associated with the logistics transportation vehicle; At the cold chain transportation node, the status data of the cold chain agricultural products are collected periodically. The status data is processed by a pre-trained intelligent model to generate a quality rating of the cold chain agricultural products. The quality rating and other verification data are packaged into a data package and uploaded to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics transportation tool. The quality rating is continuously monitored on the blockchain through smart contracts until the target token is transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, where it waits for users to purchase the cold chain agricultural products.

2. The blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After waiting for users to purchase the cold chain agricultural products at the distribution node, the process also includes: Once the cold chain agricultural products are delivered to the user offline, the target token is transferred to the retail node address representing the user, and the status of the target token is marked as "sold" through a smart contract, and the circulation function is closed.

3. The blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The continuous monitoring of the on-chain quality rating via smart contracts includes: When a risk of cargo damage is determined based on preset risk rules, a freeze operation is triggered to lock or restrict the circulation function of the target token under the blockchain address of the logistics transportation vehicle.

4. The blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The determination of cargo damage risk based on preset risk rules includes: Within a preset sliding time window, the quality rating continuously decreases a preset number of times, or decreases to a preset minimum level in a single instance.

5. The blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: After the target token is frozen, the smart contract provides at least one risk disposal operation option to the affiliates of the logistics transportation vehicle; wherein, the risk disposal operation option includes re-rating to apply for unfreezing, downgrading the transshipment disposal, and triggering the compensation mechanism for self-pickup by the cargo owner.

6. The blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The data packet includes: a hash fingerprint generated based on the state data, a quality rating output by the intelligent model, the geographical location information of the logistics transportation vehicle, a timestamp, and a digital signature of the submitted data by the vehicle's onboard gateway.

7. A blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management device, characterized in that, include: The mapping module is used to map cold chain agricultural products in the physical world to target tokens on the blockchain at the origin node, and transfer the target tokens to the blockchain address associated with the logistics transportation vehicle. The transportation module is used to periodically collect status data of the cold chain agricultural products at the cold chain transportation nodes, process the status data through a pre-trained intelligent model, generate a quality rating of the cold chain agricultural products, and package the quality rating and other verification data into a data package and upload it to the blockchain address corresponding to the logistics transportation tool. The monitoring module is used to continuously monitor the quality ratings uploaded to the blockchain through smart contracts until the target tokens are transferred to the blockchain address of the distribution node, and then wait for users to purchase the cold chain agricultural products at the distribution node.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the blockchain-based cold chain agricultural product management method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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