Adsorption tower and dry carbon dioxide trapping device with same

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas separation, and discloses an adsorption tower and a dry-type carbon dioxide trapping device with the adsorption tower, the adsorption tower comprises an adsorption body, an air distribution plate, a conveying air pipe and a feeding pipe, the air distribution plate divides a containing space into a decarburization area and an air inlet area; the air inlet area is provided with a first inlet, one end of the conveying air pipe penetrates through the first inlet, and the other end of the conveying air pipe penetrates through the air distribution plate and extends into the decarburization area; the feeding pipe is arranged in the decarburization area and connected with the inner wall of the decarburization area, and the lower end of the feeding pipe is arranged at the upper end of the conveying air pipe in a sleeving manner and is separated from the upper end face of the air distribution plate; the minimum distance between the lower end of the feeding pipe and the upper end face of the air distribution plate is H1, the minimum distance between the upper end of the air cap and the upper end face of the air distribution plate is H2, and H1 is larger than or equal to 1.5 * H2 and smaller than or equal to 4 * H2. According to the adsorption tower disclosed by the invention, the adsorbent which captures carbon dioxide can smoothly flow to the feeding pipe, so that the adsorbent which captures carbon dioxide can be conveniently guided out of the adsorption tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas separation technology, and in particular to an adsorption tower and a dry carbon dioxide capture device having the same. Background Technology

[0002] Developing efficient and low-cost carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies, especially for directly capturing CO2 from industrial emission sources (such as coal-fired power plants, steel mills, and cement plants), has become a key pathway to reducing carbon emissions. Currently, the mainstream technology for capturing CO2 from industrial flue gas and exhaust gases is still wet chemical absorption (such as amine absorption). Although the technology is relatively mature, it suffers from problems such as high system energy consumption (especially heat consumption during desorption and regeneration), solvent volatility and degradation leading to losses and secondary pollution, severe equipment corrosion, complex processes, and large footprint. These issues severely restrict its economic feasibility and application speed in large-scale emission reduction scenarios. In recent years, novel dry capture technologies, represented by solid adsorbents (such as metal-organic frameworks, modified zeolites, and high-performance activated carbon), have attracted much attention due to their potential advantages of low energy consumption, high selectivity, and low equipment corrosion.

[0003] However, existing solid adsorbent-based trapping devices mostly draw on traditional gas-solid contact methods such as fixed beds or fluidized beds, and still face a series of challenges in actual operation: the adsorbent is prone to performance degradation due to mechanical wear such as collisions during repeated adsorption-regeneration cycles, and the adsorption efficiency is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes an adsorption tower in which the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide can flow relatively smoothly and steadily to the feed pipe under the guidance of airflow, facilitating the removal of the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide from the adsorption tower.

[0005] The present invention also proposes a dry carbon dioxide capture device, which includes the above-mentioned adsorption tower.

[0006] An adsorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an adsorption body having a receiving space; an air distribution plate disposed within the receiving space for dividing the receiving space into a decarbonization zone and an air inlet zone from top to bottom, the air inlet zone for receiving flue gas and the decarbonization zone for receiving adsorbent, a wind cap provided on the side of the air distribution plate near the decarbonization zone, the wind cap connecting the air inlet zone and the decarbonization zone for guiding the flue gas in the air inlet zone to the adsorbent in the decarbonization zone; a conveying duct, the air inlet zone having a first inlet, one end of the conveying duct passing through the first inlet, and the other end passing through the air distribution plate and extending into the decarbonization zone; and a feeding pipe. The feed pipe is located within the decarbonization zone and connected to the inner wall of the decarbonization zone. The decarbonization zone has a first outlet located at the upper end of the decarbonization zone. The lower end of the feed pipe is sleeved on the upper end of the conveying air duct and spaced apart from the upper end face of the air distribution plate. The upper end of the feed pipe extends into the first outlet and is spaced apart from the end of the first outlet near the outer wall of the adsorption body. Along the radial direction of the adsorption body, the feed pipe is spaced apart from the air cap. The minimum distance between the lower end of the feed pipe and the upper end face of the air distribution plate is H1, and the minimum distance between the upper end of the air cap and the upper end face of the air distribution plate is H2, satisfying: 1.5*H2≤H1≤4*H2.

[0007] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption tower limits the minimum distance between the lower end of the feed pipe and the upper end face of the air distribution plate to H1, and the minimum distance between the upper end of the air cap and the upper end face of the air distribution plate to H2, and satisfies: 1.5*H2≤H1≤4*H2. This allows the flue gas flowing out from the upper end of the air cap to be fully mixed with the adsorbent, and the conveying air can form a large suction force in the gap between the lower end of the feed pipe and the air distribution plate. The adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide can flow more smoothly into the feed pipe, making it easier to remove the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide from the adsorption tower.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the inner diameter of the conveying duct is D1, the inner diameter of the feeding duct is D2, and the following condition is met: 0.3≤D1 / D2≤0.8.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the conveying air duct extending into the feeding pipe is L1, and satisfies: 0.5≤L1 / D1≤3.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the adsorption tower further includes a differential pressure gauge, which is connected to both the air inlet zone and the decarbonization zone.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a dry carbon dioxide capture device includes: the adsorption tower described above; a regeneration tower, wherein the upper end of the regeneration tower has a feed inlet, the feed inlet is connected to the first outlet to allow adsorbent to flow into the regeneration tower, and the lower end of the regeneration tower is connected to the lower end of the decarbonization zone.

[0012] According to the dry carbon dioxide capture device of the present invention, by limiting the minimum distance between the lower end of the feed pipe and the upper end face of the air distribution plate to H1, and the minimum distance between the upper end of the air cap and the upper end face of the air distribution plate to H2, and satisfying: 1.5*H2≤H1≤4*H2, the flue gas flowing out from the upper end of the air cap can be fully mixed with the adsorbent, and the conveying air can form a large suction force in the gap between the lower end of the feed pipe and the air distribution plate. The adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide can flow relatively smoothly and steadily to the feed pipe under the guidance of the airflow, which is convenient for the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide to be discharged from the adsorption tower.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the regeneration tower includes: a feeding section, wherein the feeding section is provided with a receiving cone, the receiving cone being disposed opposite to the feed inlet; a heating section, wherein the heating section is disposed below the feeding section for heating the adsorbent; and a cooling section, wherein the cooling section is disposed below the heating section for cooling the adsorbent, the lower end of the cooling section being connected to the lower end of the decarbonization zone.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heating section has a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which includes: a tube side in which a heat transfer medium flows; and a shell side in which the adsorbent flows; wherein the tube side includes a plurality of heat exchange tubes arranged in a staggered manner.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the dry carbon dioxide capture device includes: a flue gas system, the flue gas system including a booster fan and a temperature and humidity regulator, the flue gas system being used to deliver flue gas to the air inlet zone.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the flue gas system further includes a flue gas dust collector disposed between the first outlet and the feed inlet. The flue gas dust collector has an inlet, a flue gas outlet, and a solid outlet. The inlet is connected to the first outlet, and the solid outlet is connected to the feed inlet. The dry carbon dioxide capture device further includes a conveying fan connected to both the flue gas outlet of the flue gas dust collector and the conveying duct, for pressurizing the flue gas filtered by the flue gas dust collector and conveying it into the conveying duct.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the upper end of the regeneration tower has a desorption gas outlet and a dust collection material inlet, and the dry carbon dioxide capture device further includes a dust collector, which is connected to both the desorption gas outlet and the dust collection material inlet.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a dry carbon dioxide capture device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged view of a portion of the structure of the adsorption tower according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a dry carbon dioxide capture device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure label: 100. Dry carbon dioxide capture device; 1. Adsorption tower; 101. Adsorbent body; 102. Containing space; 11. Air inlet area; 111. First inlet; 12. Decarbonization zone; 121. Feeding pipe; 122. First outlet; 13. Air distribution plate; 131. Conveying duct; 132. Discharge pipe; 133. Air cap; 14. Differential pressure gauge; 15. Converging section; 2. Regeneration tower; 21. Feeding section; 211. Feed inlet; 212. Desorption gas outlet; 213. Dust collector material inlet; 214. Feeding port; 215. Receiving cone; 22. Heating section; 221. Hot air circulation fan; 222. Heater; 23. Cooling section; 231. Cooling fan; 3. Flue gas system; 31. Booster fan; 32. Temperature and humidity regulator; 33. Flue gas dust collector; 331. Inlet; 332. Flue gas outlet; 333. Solid waste outlet; 41. Conveying fan; 42. First rotary valve; 43. Second rotary valve; 44. Feed pipe; 5. Desorption gas system; 51. Dust collector; 52. Fan; 53. Third rotary valve. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] The adsorption tower 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the adsorption tower 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an adsorption body 101, an air distribution plate 13, a conveying air duct 131, and a feeding pipe 121.

[0026] Specifically, the adsorption body 101 has a receiving space 102, and the air distribution plate 13 is disposed in the receiving space 102 for directing the air distribution plate 13 in a top-to-bottom direction (e.g., ...). Figure 1 The air distribution plate 13 (shown vertically) is divided into a decarbonization zone 12 and an air inlet zone 11. The air inlet zone 11 is used to contain flue gas, and the decarbonization zone 12 is used to contain adsorbent. An air hood 133 is provided on the side of the air distribution plate 13 closest to the decarbonization zone 12. The air hood 133 connects the air inlet zone 11 and the decarbonization zone 12, and is used to guide the flue gas in the air inlet zone 11 to the adsorbent in the decarbonization zone 12. It can be understood that the flue gas in the air inlet zone 11 can enter the decarbonization zone 12 through the air hood 133, and combine with the adsorbent in the decarbonization zone 12. The adsorbent captures carbon dioxide in the flue gas, so that the clean flue gas after carbon dioxide capture can meet emission standards, making the flue gas emission more environmentally friendly.

[0027] The air inlet zone 11 has a first inlet 111. One end of the conveying air duct 131 is inserted into the first inlet 111, and the other end is inserted into the air distribution plate 13 and extends into the decarbonization zone 12. The conveying air can flow from the first inlet 111 to the decarbonization zone 12.

[0028] The feeding pipe 121 is located in the decarbonization zone 12 and connected to the inner wall of the decarbonization zone 12. The decarbonization zone 12 has a first outlet 122 located at the upper end of the decarbonization zone 12. The lower end of the feeding pipe 121 is sleeved on the upper end of the conveying air pipe 131 and spaced apart from the upper end face of the air distribution plate 13. The upper end of the feeding pipe 121 extends into the first outlet 122 and is spaced apart from the end of the first outlet 122 that is close to the outer wall of the adsorption body 101. Along the radial direction of the adsorption body 101, the feeding pipe 121 is spaced apart from the air cap 133. At this time, due to the air pressure difference at the conveying air duct 131, the adsorbent after capturing carbon dioxide in the flue gas is guided to the lower end of the feeding pipe 121. The airflow conveying can reduce the performance degradation caused by the collision of the adsorbent. The adsorbent in the feeding pipe 121 flows to the first outlet 122 and flows out of the adsorption tower 1 from the first outlet 122, so that the adsorbent can flow out of the adsorption tower 1, which is convenient for replenishing clean adsorbent, so that the adsorption tower 1 can continuously adsorb carbon dioxide in the flue gas and meet the release requirements of the flue gas.

[0029] During the process of the adsorbent flowing into the feed pipe, the adsorbent comes into contact with the flue gas flowing out of the air cap 133 before flowing into the feed pipe 121. The flue gas can also adsorb some of the adsorbent that has not adsorbed carbon dioxide in the feed pipe 121, thereby increasing the adsorbent's efficiency in adsorbing carbon dioxide.

[0030] Among them, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the minimum distance between the lower end of the feeding pipe 121 and the upper end face of the air distribution plate 13 is H1, and the minimum distance between the upper end of the air cap 133 and the upper end face of the air distribution plate 13 is H2, and satisfies: 1.5*H2≤H1≤4*H2.

[0031] It is understandable that the minimum distance between the lower end of the feed pipe 121 and the upper surface of the air distribution plate 13 can be 1.5 times, 2 times, 2.5 times, 3 times, 3.5 times, or 4 times the minimum distance between the upper end of the air cap 133 and the upper surface of the air distribution plate 13. By limiting 1.5*H2≤H1≤4*H2, the flue gas flowing out from the upper end of the air cap 133 can be fully mixed with the adsorbent, and the conveying air can form a large suction force in the gap between the lower end of the feed pipe 121 and the air distribution plate 13. The adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide can flow relatively smoothly and steadily to the feed pipe 121 under the guidance of the airflow, which facilitates the exit of the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide from the adsorption tower 1.

[0032] When H1 < 1.5 * H2, the minimum distance between the lower end of the feed pipe and the upper end of the air distribution plate is too small, and the adsorbent cannot smoothly enter the feed pipe through the gap between the feed pipe and the air distribution plate, resulting in low efficiency of the adsorbent flowing out of the adsorption tower. When H1 > 4 * H2, the adsorbent is prone to flow into the feed pipe without sufficient contact with the flue gas, affecting the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent.

[0033] In some embodiments, the adsorption tower 1 is used in the dry carbon dioxide capture device 100, which also includes a regeneration tower 2. The adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide flows from the first outlet 122 to the regeneration tower 2. After regeneration in the regeneration tower 2, the adsorbent is separated from the carbon dioxide. The adsorbent after removing carbon dioxide can flow back to the decarbonization zone 12 to realize the recycling of the adsorbent.

[0034] Furthermore, a feed pipe 44 connects the lower end of the regeneration tower 2 and the lower peripheral wall of the decarbonization zone 12. The horizontal angle of the feed pipe 44 should ensure that the adsorbent can flow smoothly downward within the feed pipe 44. Preferably, the horizontal angle of the feed pipe 44 is greater than the adsorbent's angle of repose + 10°, so that the clean adsorbent flowing from the feed pipe 44 to the decarbonization zone 12 can push the adsorbent located radially outside the decarbonization zone onto the feed pipe 121, facilitating the adsorbent's exit from the feed pipe 121. Multiple feed pipes 44 can be used, and these multiple feed pipes 44 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the adsorption body.

[0035] Meanwhile, when the radial dimension of the adsorption body 101 is too large, multiple sets of feeding pipes 121 and conveying air pipes 131 can be set to increase the conveying efficiency of the adsorbent.

[0036] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the adsorption tower 1 has a minimum distance of H1 between the lower end of the feed pipe 121 and the upper end face of the air distribution plate 13, and a minimum distance of H2 between the upper end of the air cap 133 and the upper end face of the air distribution plate 13, satisfying: 1.5*H2≤H1≤4*H2. This allows the flue gas flowing out from the upper end of the air cap 133 to be fully mixed with the adsorbent, and the conveying air can form a large suction force in the gap between the lower end of the feed pipe 121 and the air distribution plate 13. The adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide can flow relatively smoothly and steadily to the feed pipe 121 under the guidance of the airflow, which facilitates the removal of the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide from the adsorption tower 1.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the inner diameter of the conveying duct 131 is D1, and the inner diameter of the feeding pipe 121 is D2, satisfying the condition: 0.3 ≤ D1 / D2 ≤ 0.8. It can be understood that the ratio of the inner diameter of the conveying duct 131 to the inner diameter of the feeding pipe 121 can be 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, or 0.8. By limiting the ratio of the inner diameter of the conveying duct 131 to the inner diameter of the feeding pipe 121 to 0.3-0.8, while ensuring the flow rate of the conveying air, the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide can better enter the feeding pipe 121 through the gap between the conveying duct 131 and the feeding pipe 121, facilitating the exit of the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide from the adsorption tower 1.

[0038] When D1 / D2 < 0.3, the difference between the inner diameter of the conveying duct and the inner diameter of the feeding pipe is large, and the conveying duct can provide less airflow to the feeding pipe, affecting the upward flow of the adsorbent. When D1 / D2 > 0.8, the difference between the inner diameter of the conveying duct and the inner diameter of the feeding pipe is small, and the gap between the conveying duct and the feeding pipe is small, affecting the flow of the adsorbent from the gap between the conveying duct and the feeding pipe to the first outlet.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the length of the conveying duct 131 extending into the feeding pipe 121 is L1, and satisfies: 0.5 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 3. It can be understood that the length of the conveying duct 131 extending into the feeding pipe 121 is 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3 times the inner diameter of the conveying duct 131. By limiting the ratio of the length of the conveying duct 131 extending into the feeding pipe 121 to the inner diameter of the conveying duct 131 to 0.5-3, while ensuring the flow rate of the conveying air, the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide can better enter the feeding pipe 121 from the gap between the conveying duct 131 and the feeding pipe 121, facilitating the exit of the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide from the adsorption tower 1.

[0040] When L1 / D1 < 0.5, the length of the conveying duct extending into the feeding pipe is small, and the air pressure difference at the overlap of the conveying duct and the feeding pipe is small, which affects the upward flow of the adsorbent. When L1 / D1 > 3, the length of the conveying duct extending into the feeding pipe is large, and a pressure difference cannot be formed at the lower end of the feeding pipe, which affects the adsorbent from entering the upper end of the feeding pipe through the gap between the conveying duct and the feeding pipe.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the adsorption tower 1 also includes a differential pressure gauge 14, which is connected to both the air inlet zone 11 and the decarbonization zone 12. The differential pressure gauge 14 can monitor and control the operating status of the adsorption tower 1, ensuring process efficiency and equipment safety. It is understandable that when flue gas passes through the adsorbent bed, the flow of the flue gas will encounter resistance. If the adsorbent is contaminated by dust, oil, liquid water, or other impurities, or if the adsorbent itself becomes pulverized or broken, the porosity of the bed will decrease. By measuring the pressure difference between the air inlet zone 11 and the decarbonization zone 12 using differential pressure gauge 14, the "cleanliness" of the bed can be monitored in real time, facilitating timely backflushing, regeneration, or replacement of the adsorbent. During the upward flow (upflow) adsorption process, if the airflow velocity is too high or the pressure difference is too large, the drag force exerted by the gas on the adsorbent particles will exceed the particles' own weight. When the differential pressure exceeds a critical value, the adsorbent will be lifted by the airflow, resulting in "fluidization" or "boiling," causing collisions and abrasion between adsorbent particles, generating a large amount of powder, severely affecting adsorption efficiency and service life. Differential pressure gauge 14 can strictly control the maximum pressure difference to prevent the bed from being overturned.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the upper end of the adsorption body 101 is provided with a tapered section 15. In the direction from bottom to top, the tapered section 15 is inclined towards the direction close to the axis of the adsorption body 101. The first outlet 122 is provided at the top of the tapered section 15, so that the overflow flue gas in the decarbonization zone 12 can be gathered at the top of the tapered section 15 and flow out of the adsorption tower 1 from the first outlet 122, and further combine with the adsorbent flowing out of the feed pipe 121 to further realize the capture of carbon dioxide in the flue gas.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present invention, the inner diameter of the first outlet 122 is selected to ensure that the wind speed at the first outlet 122 is not lower than the wind speed in the feed pipe 121. The wind speed in the feed pipe 121 is used to transport the adsorbent, and the wind speed at the first outlet 122 transports both the adsorbent and the flue gas. The wind speed at the first outlet 122 is not lower than the wind speed in the feed pipe 121, so that the flue gas can flow out of the adsorption tower 1 after mixing with the adsorbent, and to prevent the flue gas and the adsorbent from flowing into the feed pipe 121 under the attraction of the airflow in the feed pipe 121.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the adsorption tower 1 also includes a discharge pipe 132. The upper end of the discharge pipe 132 is connected to the air distribution plate 13. The height of the discharge pipe 132 opening is the same as the height of the upper surface of the air distribution plate 13 to ensure that all adsorbent can flow into the discharge pipe 132. The lower end of the discharge pipe 132 extends from the bottom of the air inlet zone 11 and is equipped with a shut-off valve.

[0045] The dry carbon dioxide capture device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the system includes an adsorption tower 1 and a regeneration tower 2. The upper end of the regeneration tower 2 has a feed inlet 211, which is connected to the first outlet 122 to allow the adsorbent to flow into the regeneration tower 2. The lower end of the regeneration tower 2 is connected to the lower end of the decarbonization zone 12. The adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide flows from the first outlet 122 to the feed inlet 211 and then into the regeneration tower 2. After regeneration in the regeneration tower 2, the adsorbent is separated from the carbon dioxide. The adsorbent after removing the carbon dioxide can flow back to the lower end of the decarbonization zone 12, thus realizing the recycling of the adsorbent.

[0046] According to the embodiment of the present invention, the dry carbon dioxide capture device 100 limits the minimum distance between the lower end of the feed pipe 121 and the upper end face of the air distribution plate 13 to H1, and the minimum distance between the upper end of the air cap 133 and the upper end face of the air distribution plate 13 to H2, and satisfies: 1.5*H2≤H1≤4*H2, so that the flue gas flowing out from the upper end of the air cap 133 can be fully mixed with the adsorbent, and the conveying air can form a large suction force in the gap between the lower end of the feed pipe 121 and the air distribution plate 13. The adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide can flow relatively smoothly and steadily to the feed pipe 121 under the guidance of the airflow, which is convenient for the adsorbent that has captured carbon dioxide to be discharged from the adsorption tower 1.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the regeneration tower 2 includes a feed section 21, a heating section 22, and a cooling section 23. The feed section 21 is equipped with a receiving cone 215, which is positioned opposite to the feed inlet 211. The heating section 22 is located below the feed section 21 and is used to heat the adsorbent. The cooling section 23 is located below the heating section 22 and is used to cool the adsorbent. The lower end of the cooling section 23 is connected to the lower end of the decarbonization zone 12. It can be understood that the adsorbent flowing out of the adsorption tower 1 enters the feed section 21 from the feed inlet 211 and flows to the heating section 22 under the guidance of the receiving cone 215. The heating section 22 heats the adsorbent, causing the carbon dioxide trapped in the adsorbent to separate from the adsorbent, thus regenerating the adsorbent, which can then be recycled. Specifically, after the adsorbent is heated to the regeneration temperature, the adsorbed carbon dioxide undergoes a desorption reaction, and the resulting high-concentration carbon dioxide gas flows upward through the material layer and is eventually discharged. The regeneration temperature is determined by the properties of the selected adsorbent.

[0048] After being heated and regenerated in the heating section 22, the adsorbent flows to the cooling section 23, where it is cooled and restored to a state where it can capture carbon dioxide. Then, it flows back to the decarbonization zone 12 of the adsorption tower 1, thus realizing the recycling of the adsorbent.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the lower opening of the receiving cone 215 is centrally located within the feeding section 21, ensuring that the adsorbent can form a relatively stable material surface with a high center and low edges within the feeding section 21, which is beneficial for the measurement and control of the adsorbent level.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the upper end of the regeneration tower 2 has a feed inlet 214, which can replenish the adsorbent into the regeneration tower 2. The size of the upper opening of the receiving cone 215 should ensure that the materials falling from the feed inlet 211, dust collector inlet 213, and feed inlet 214 can first converge and mix before being discharged, without causing blockage. In the direction from bottom to top, the cone surface of the receiving cone 215 is inclined away from the axis of the regeneration tower 2. The cone surface inclination angle of the receiving cone 215 should ensure that the adsorbent can flow smoothly on its surface. Preferably, the cone surface inclination angle of the receiving cone 215 is greater than the adsorbent's angle of repose + 10°, where the adsorbent's angle of repose is the cone surface angle formed by the adsorbent under natural conditions. The adsorbent in the receiving cone 215 can obtain a stable material surface shape, and the total amount of adsorbent can be accurately controlled in real time through the material level.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heating section 22 has a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which includes a tube side and a shell side. A heat transfer medium flows in the tube side, and an adsorbent flows in the shell side. The tube side includes multiple heat exchange tubes arranged in a staggered manner.

[0052] The heat transfer medium is hot air or hot flue gas, flowing through the tubes and the adsorbent through the shell. The staggered arrangement of multiple heat exchange tubes promotes turbulence in the adsorbent during its downward flow, facilitating uniform heating. Heating section 22 is divided into multiple passes by an externally installed gas header, with the heat transfer medium flowing from bottom to top, promoting thorough heat exchange between the medium and the adsorbent. When air is used as the heat transfer medium, it flows out of the outlet of heating section 22, is pressurized by the hot air circulation fan 221, and heated by the heater 222 before entering the inlet, forming a circulating heating loop. When flue gas is used, high-temperature flue gas from the production system or hot air furnace flue gas can be utilized. The flue gas enters heating section 22 through the inlet, exchanges heat, and exits through the outlet. The heating process is relatively simple and reliable.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the basic structure of the cooling section 23 is the same as that of the heating section 22, but the pipe arrangement and the number of heat medium strokes can be selected according to the heat exchange requirements. The cooling air is ambient air. After being pressurized by the cooling fan 231, the air enters the cooling section 23 from the lower opening, and after heat exchange, it is discharged from the upper outlet.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the dry carbon dioxide capture device 100 also includes a flue gas system 3, which includes a booster fan 31 and a temperature and humidity regulator 32. The flue gas system 3 is used to deliver flue gas to the air inlet zone 11. The booster fan 31 is mainly used to increase the flue gas pressure to overcome the resistance of the adsorbent in the decarbonization layer of the adsorption tower 1, the resistance in the conveying duct 131, and the resistance in the feeding pipe 121. The pressure head should be selected to allow the adsorbent to be fluidized or bubbled in the adsorption tower 1. The temperature and humidity regulator 32 is used to humidify and cool the flue gas so that the adsorbent can carry out the carbon capture reaction under suitable flue gas temperature and humidity conditions.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the flue gas system 3 also includes a flue gas dust collector 33, which is located between the first outlet 122 and the feed inlet 211. The flue gas dust collector 33 has an inlet 331, a flue gas outlet 332, and a solids outlet 333. The inlet 331 is connected to the first outlet 122, and the solids outlet 333 is connected to the feed inlet 211, allowing the adsorbent and flue gas flowing out of the first outlet 122 to be separated. The dry carbon dioxide capture device 100 also includes a conveying fan 41, which is connected to both the flue gas outlet 332 of the flue gas dust collector 33 and the conveying duct 131. It is used to pressurize the flue gas filtered by the flue gas dust collector 33 and convey it into the conveying duct 131. The inlet of the conveying fan 41 is connected to the flue gas outlet 332 of the flue gas dust collector 33, and the outlet of the conveying fan 41 is connected to the conveying duct 131, which facilitates the full utilization of the flue gas and the thorough decarbonization of the flue gas.

[0056] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, a first rotary valve 42 is provided between the solid outlet 333 and the feed inlet 211. The first rotary valve 42 is used to lock the gas in the regeneration tower 2, reducing the escape of high-purity CO2 gas formed during adsorbent regeneration. A second rotary valve 43 is provided between the lower end of the regeneration tower 2 and the lower end of the decarbonization zone 12. In addition to locking the gas in the regeneration tower 2, the second rotary valve 43 is also used to control the feed rate of the adsorbent, thereby controlling the amount of adsorbent and the bed pressure difference in the adsorption tower 1.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, a feed pipe 44 is connected between the lower end of the regeneration tower 2 and the lower end of the decarbonization zone 12. The horizontal angle of the feed pipe 44 should ensure that the adsorbent can flow smoothly downward in the feed pipe 44. Preferably, the horizontal angle of the feed pipe 44 is greater than the adsorbent's angle of repose + 10°, where the adsorbent's angle of repose is the angle of the conical surface formed by the adsorbent under natural conditions. The adsorbent in the decarbonization zone 12 can obtain a stable material surface shape, and the total amount of adsorbent can be accurately controlled in real time by the material level.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1As shown, the upper end of the regeneration tower 2 has a desorption gas outlet 212 and a dust collection material inlet 213. The dry carbon dioxide capture device 100 also includes a dust collector 51, which is connected to both the desorption gas outlet 212 and the dust collection material inlet 213. This allows the carbon dioxide desorbed from the regeneration tower 2 to be dusted, and the solid material falls back into the regeneration tower 2. In some embodiments, the dry carbon dioxide capture device 100 has a desorption gas system 5, which includes a dust collector 51. The desorption gas system 5 also includes a fan 52 and a third rotary valve 53. The fan 52 is located downstream of the dust collector 51. After the carbon dioxide desorbed from the regeneration tower 2 is dusted by the dust collector 51, it is transported downstream by the fan 52 for storage or utilization. The dust collection material captured by the dust collector 51 is mainly adsorbent material, which falls back into the regeneration tower 2 through the third rotary valve 53 and is eventually recycled. The third rotary valve 53 is mainly used to lock the gas and prevent upward flow, thereby ensuring that the adsorbent material can fall smoothly.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, there are multiple adsorption towers 1, with one regeneration tower 2 as the center, and multiple adsorption towers 1 arranged around it. The multiple adsorption towers 1 can be arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically. The arrangement of "N adsorption towers 1 + 1 regeneration tower 2" can be used as a module unit of carbon capture device, and different numbers of module units can be reasonably configured for different carbon capture scales.

[0060] According to the dry carbon dioxide capture device 100 of this embodiment, when the conveying air feed rate changes with the decarbonization load, the adsorbent flow balance can be quickly restored by precisely controlling the feed rate of the second rotary valve 43, so that the adsorbent in the adsorption tower 1 maintains a stable fluidization effect. There is only one flow control variable, which avoids the shortcomings of existing fluidized bed carbon capture devices that have many material circulation flow control variables and unstable pneumatic conveying flow.

[0061] Other configurations and operations of the adsorption tower 1 and the dry carbon dioxide capture device 100 according to embodiments of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0062] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0063] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adsorption tower, characterized in that, include: An adsorption body, wherein the adsorption body has a containment space; An air distribution plate is disposed within the accommodating space and is used to divide the accommodating space into a decarbonization zone and an air inlet zone from top to bottom. The air inlet zone is used to accommodate flue gas, and the decarbonization zone is used to accommodate adsorbent. An air cap is provided on the side of the air distribution plate near the decarbonization zone. The air cap connects the air inlet zone and the decarbonization zone and is used to guide the flue gas in the air inlet zone to the adsorbent in the decarbonization zone. The air conveying duct has a first inlet in the air inlet area. One end of the air conveying duct passes through the first inlet, and the other end passes through the air distribution plate and extends into the decarbonization area. A feeding pipe is provided within the decarbonization zone and connected to the inner wall of the decarbonization zone. The decarbonization zone has a first outlet located at the upper end of the decarbonization zone. The lower end of the feeding pipe is sleeved on the upper end of the conveying air duct and spaced apart from the upper end face of the air distribution plate. The upper end of the feeding pipe extends into the first outlet and is spaced apart from the end of the first outlet near the outer wall of the adsorption body. Along the radial direction of the adsorption body, the feeding pipe is spaced apart from the air cap. The minimum distance between the lower end of the feeding pipe and the upper end face of the air distribution plate is H1, and the minimum distance between the upper end of the air cap and the upper end face of the air distribution plate is H2, and satisfies: 1.5*H2≤H1≤4*H2.

2. The adsorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the conveying air duct is D1, and the inner diameter of the feeding pipe is D2, and the following condition is met: 0.3≤D1 / D2≤0.

8.

3. The adsorption tower according to claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the conveying air duct extending into the feeding pipe is L1, and satisfies: 0.5≤L1 / D1≤3.

4. The adsorption tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A differential pressure gauge is connected to both the air inlet zone and the decarbonization zone.

5. A dry carbon dioxide capture device, characterized in that, include: The adsorption tower according to any one of claims 1-4; The regeneration tower has a feed inlet at its upper end, which is connected to the first outlet to allow the adsorbent to flow into the regeneration tower, and the lower end of the regeneration tower is connected to the lower end of the decarbonization zone.

6. The dry carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The regeneration tower includes: The feeding section is equipped with a receiving cone, which is positioned opposite to the feeding port. A heating section is provided below the feeding section and is used to heat the adsorbent; A cooling section is provided below the heating section and is used to cool the adsorbent. The lower end of the cooling section is connected to the lower end of the decarbonization zone.

7. The dry carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heating section has a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which includes: The tube side, in which a heat medium flows; The adsorbent flows within the shell side; The tube side includes multiple heat exchange tubes, which are arranged in a staggered manner.

8. The dry carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The flue gas system includes a booster fan and a temperature and humidity regulator, and is used to deliver flue gas to the air intake area.

9. The dry carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The flue gas system further includes a flue gas dust collector, which is located between the first outlet and the feed inlet. The flue gas dust collector has an inlet, a flue gas outlet, and a solid outlet. The inlet is connected to the first outlet, and the solid outlet is connected to the feed inlet. The dry carbon dioxide capture device further includes: A conveying fan is connected to both the flue gas outlet of the flue gas dust collector and the conveying duct, and is used to pressurize the flue gas filtered by the flue gas dust collector and convey it into the conveying duct.

10. The dry carbon dioxide capture device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper end of the regeneration tower has a desorbed gas outlet and a dust collection material inlet, and the dry carbon dioxide capture device further includes: The dust collector is connected to both the desorption gas outlet and the dust collection material inlet.

Images