A separation column and a carbon disulfide production system including the same

Abstract

This invention discloses a separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower, including a separation tower for preliminary cooling and washing of sulfur-containing gas-liquid mixtures from a reactor; it also includes an internal circulation unit, a heat recovery unit, and a control unit; the separation tower includes a tower shell, within which a first-stage washing and cooling section and a second-stage fine washing section are provided from bottom to top, and a liquid collector is provided below the second-stage fine washing section. The liquid collector has a gas-liquid separation structure that allows gas to pass through and guides liquid, and is connected to a carbon disulfide outlet opened on the tower shell; this invention belongs to the field of chemical separation technology, and the technical effect achieved is: using self-produced crude carbon disulfide as part of the washing liquid for circulation, and combining it with the waste heat of the gas at the top of the tower for preheating, the preheating process not only recovers waste heat, but also reduces the system's demand for external cooling load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical separation technology, specifically to a separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower. Background Technology

[0002] In the industrial production of carbon disulfide, the gas-phase reaction of natural gas and sulfur is commonly used. This reaction takes place at high temperatures, producing a complex mixture containing the target product, carbon disulfide vapor, unreacted raw materials methane and sulfur (both liquid and gaseous), and byproduct hydrogen sulfide. Before entering the subsequent refining stage, this mixture must undergo a series of preliminary separation steps to remove most of the sulfur and lower the temperature.

[0003] Traditional processes typically employ multiple single-function pressure vessels (such as vapor-liquid separators, sulfur traps, separation towers, and condensers) connected in series through complex piping and valves to accomplish this task. While this approach achieves basic separation and cooling functions, it suffers from several inherent drawbacks. First, the dispersed arrangement of multiple devices results in a lengthy process flow and a large footprint, increasing infrastructure investment and introducing numerous potential leakage risks due to the numerous connection points. This poses a serious threat to the operational safety of the unit when handling high-temperature and flammable carbon disulfide media. Second, the coordination and operational flexibility between the individual devices are poor, and their adaptability to fluctuations in upstream reaction conditions is insufficient, easily leading to unstable separation results and affecting the quality of the final product. Third, traditional sulfur traps (such as wire mesh traps) have limited collection efficiency, while shell-and-tube condensers are prone to blockage due to sulfur condensation during long-term operation, resulting in frequent maintenance and repairs, affecting the continuity and stability of production.

[0004] In addition, the heat removed from the high-temperature process gas is usually removed directly through the cooling medium, resulting in a large waste of low-grade heat energy and failing to achieve effective energy recovery and utilization.

[0005] Therefore, to address the inadequacy of existing requirements, we propose a separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, the present invention provides a separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] According to a first aspect of the invention, a separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system comprising the separation tower include a separation tower for preliminary cooling and washing of sulfur-containing gas-liquid mixture process gas from a reactor.

[0009] It also includes an internal circulation unit, a heat recovery unit, and a control unit;

[0010] The separation tower includes a tower shell, and a first-stage washing and cooling section and a second-stage fine washing section are provided inside the tower shell from bottom to top. A liquid collector is provided below the second-stage fine washing section. The liquid collector has a gas-liquid separation structure that allows gas to pass through and guides liquid, and is connected to the carbon disulfide outlet opened on the tower shell.

[0011] The internal circulation unit includes a circulation pipeline for returning a portion of the carbon disulfide liquid output from the carbon disulfide outlet to the second-stage fine washing section as an internal circulation liquid.

[0012] The heat recovery unit includes a heat exchanger connected in series on the supply line of the external fresh carbon disulfide washing liquid and configured to exchange heat with the external fresh washing liquid using gas discharged from the top of the tower shell, so as to preheat the external washing liquid and cool the discharged gas.

[0013] The control unit includes a controller, an online analyzer for real-time detection of sulfur content in the gas discharged from the separation tower, and a first regulating mechanism for regulating the liquid flow rate in the circulation pipeline. The controller is connected to the online analyzer and the first regulating mechanism and is configured to control the first regulating mechanism according to the detection signal of the online analyzer to regulate the state of the washing liquid sent to the second-stage fine washing section.

[0014] The control unit includes a controller, an online analyzer for real-time detection of sulfur content in the gas discharged from the separation tower, and a first regulating mechanism for adjusting the liquid flow rate in the circulation pipeline. The controller is connected to the online analyzer and the first regulating mechanism and is configured to control the first regulating mechanism according to the detection signal of the online analyzer to adjust the state of the washing liquid sent to the second-stage fine washing section.

[0015] Furthermore, in the separation tower, the first-stage washing and cooling section includes a packing layer one and a liquid distributor one located above it and connected to the carbon disulfide inlet one; the second-stage fine washing section includes a packing layer two and a liquid distributor two located above it and connected to the carbon disulfide inlet two; the liquid outlet of the circulation pipeline is connected to the carbon disulfide inlet two.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid distributor one and liquid distributor two are respectively integrated onto the pressure ring one and pressure ring two used to press the corresponding packing layer.

[0017] Furthermore, both the first and second pressure rings include a pressure plate with a transverse groove. The top of the groove is connected to a connecting pipe on the pressure plate through a connecting hole, and the bottom is provided with an outlet.

[0018] Furthermore, the liquid collector includes a flow-gathering hood, a gas-gathering hood located below the flow-gathering hood, and multiple vent pipes penetrating the flow-gathering hood. The top of the vent pipe is provided with a conical cover and the pipe wall is provided with a vertical through groove. The flow-gathering hood is connected to the carbon disulfide outlet.

[0019] Furthermore, the separation tower is provided with a grid plate two for supporting the packing layer two. The grid plate two includes a support plate with through grooves and a perforated base plate. The conical cover is located between the perforated base plate and the support plate.

[0020] Furthermore, the first regulating mechanism includes a circulation pump and / or a flow regulating valve disposed on the circulation pipeline.

[0021] Furthermore, the control unit also includes a second adjustment mechanism for adjusting the mixing ratio of the preheated external washing liquid and the internal circulating liquid, the second adjustment mechanism being connected to the controller.

[0022] Furthermore, the control unit also includes a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure difference of the packing layer in the second-stage fine washing section, and the controller is further configured to control the first adjustment mechanism and / or the second adjustment mechanism according to the signal from the differential pressure sensor to reduce the total load of the washing liquid when the pressure difference is abnormally high.

[0023] Furthermore, the control unit also includes a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the cold and hot sides of the heat exchanger; the controller is also configured to adjust the operating conditions of the first regulating mechanism and / or the heat exchanger, under the premise of ensuring that the sulfur content of the exhaust gas meets the standard and the pressure difference is normal, so as to reduce the overall energy consumption of the system.

[0024] Furthermore, the bottom of the separation tower shell is provided with a discharge port for discharging settled sulfur, and the lower side wall is provided with a mixed liquid inlet for inputting process gas.

[0025] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. This separation tower and carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower highly condense the functions of multiple traditional equipment into one unit. The two-stage high-efficiency packing washing section, combined with an integrated liquid distributor and a liquid collector with excellent gas-liquid separation capability, not only greatly improves the separation efficiency, but also greatly simplifies the equipment structure; the modular design also makes daily maintenance and repair work simpler and more efficient.

[0027] 2. This separation tower and carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower achieve coordinated management of energy and materials through the construction of an internal circulating material loop and an optimized heat recovery process (preheating external fresh washing liquid). Direct preheating of the fresh washing liquid from a stable external source makes temperature control more direct and stable; the recovered waste heat from the tower top gas effectively reduces the system's cooling load; simultaneously, the introduction of the internal circulating flow reduces absolute dependence on fresh material. The preheated washing liquid temperature is within an ideal range, ensuring sufficient mass transfer driving force to enhance the washing effect while avoiding the risk of sulfur solidification and blockage caused by supercooled liquid. This improves separation performance while ensuring stable and smooth long-term operation of the unit.

[0028] 3. This separation tower and carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower incorporate a control system. By monitoring product purity, packing pressure differential, and key temperature points online, and dynamically coordinating the internal circulation flow rate, the mixing ratio of preheated external washing liquid to internal circulation liquid, and heat exchange conditions, multi-objective optimized control is achieved. The system can adaptively and precisely adjust the washing intensity to ensure product quality, proactively intervene based on pressure differential warnings to prevent equipment blockage, and continuously seek optimization within a safe range to reduce overall energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a front view of a separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower proposed in this invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is the second front view of the slat;

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the system connections.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange process.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Tower shell; 11. Mixed liquid inlet; 121. Grid plate one; 122. Packing layer one; 123. Carbon disulfide inlet one; 124. Pressure ring one; 125. Liquid distributor one; 126. Filter cup one; 131. Grid plate two; 132. Liquid collector; 133. Packing layer two; 134. Carbon dioxide inlet two; 135. Carbon dioxide outlet; 136. Pressure ring two; 137. Liquid distributor two; 138. Filter cup two; 2. Gas outlet; 31. Pressure plate; 32. Groove; 33. Connecting pipe; 34. Connecting hole; 35. Outlet; 41. Base plate; 42. Connecting column; 43. Support plate; 51. Condenser; 52. Gas condenser; 53. Ventilation pipe; 54. Conical hood; 55. Vertical channel. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 4 A separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower, comprising a tower shell 1, wherein the tower shell 1 is a vertically installed cylindrical pressure vessel;

[0038] A mixed liquid inlet 11 is provided on the lower side wall of the tower shell 1. The mixed liquid inlet 11 is directly connected to the upstream sulfur condenser through a pipeline. It serves as the only inlet for the raw material mixture from the reaction system to enter this separation tower. It is used to receive the gas-liquid mixture generated by the reaction of natural gas and sulfur and pre-cooled. The mixture mainly includes unreacted liquid or gaseous sulfur, methane, carbon disulfide vapor, and hydrogen sulfide.

[0039] A grid plate 121 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower shell 1 above the mixed liquid inlet 11. A packing layer 122 is stacked on the grid plate 121, and the grid plate 121 supports the packing layer 122. The packing layer 122 adopts a structured packing such as wire mesh corrugated packing, which has a large specific surface area and constitutes a primary washing and cooling section. When gas from the bottom of the tower carrying a small amount of sulfur passes through, it can fully contact the liquid sprayed from top to bottom to complete the initial cooling and sulfur capture.

[0040] The side wall of the tower shell 1 is provided with a carbon disulfide inlet 123. The center line of the carbon disulfide inlet 123 is higher than the top of the packing layer 122 and is connected to a source of low-temperature carbon disulfide liquid through an external pipe.

[0041] A pressure ring 124 is provided above the packing layer 122. The pressure ring 124 is fixedly installed on the inner wall section of the tower shell 1 to press the top of the packing layer 122 and prevent the packing from loosening or floating.

[0042] A liquid distributor 125 and a filter cup 126 are installed on the pressure ring 124. The input end of the liquid distributor 125 is connected to the output end of the filter cup 126, and the input end of the filter cup 126 is connected to the output end of the carbon disulfide inlet 123. The filter cup 126 is used to filter out solid impurities that may be carried in the washing liquid, protect the distributor and the packing layer from clogging, and ensure uniform liquid distribution. The liquid distributor 125 is responsible for uniformly spraying the clean carbon disulfide liquid onto the surface of the packing material to achieve good initial distribution.

[0043] A second grid plate 131 is horizontally installed above the inner wall of the tower shell 1, and the second grid plate 131 is located above the first packing layer 122. A liquid collector 132 is installed below the second grid plate 131. This collector is usually a disc structure with a liquid collection tank and a liquid guide pipe, and has an internal gas riser or other gas passage. Its core function is to collect the carbon disulfide liquid that has undergone secondary washing flowing down from the bottom of the second packing layer 133, and lead it out through the liquid guide pipe. At the same time, its structure ensures that the rising gas flow is unobstructed and can continue to enter the second packing layer 133, thereby achieving efficient gas-liquid separation and process connection.

[0044] Above the grid plate 131, a packing layer 133 is stacked. The packing layer 133 is usually made of corrugated packing such as metal perforated plate, forming a two-stage fine washing section to finally purify the gas that still contains trace amounts of sulfur after the first-stage washing, thereby further improving the separation accuracy.

[0045] A carbon disulfide inlet 134 is provided on the side wall of the tower shell 1. The carbon disulfide inlet 134 is positioned higher than the packing layer 133. Its input end is connected to a lower-temperature carbon disulfide liquid source in the system to provide a secondary washing cooling medium. A pressure ring 136 is installed above the packing layer 133. A liquid distributor 137 and a filter cup 138 are installed on the pressure ring 136. The input end of the filter cup 138 corresponds to the output end of the carbon disulfide inlet 134. The output end of the filter cup 138 is connected to the input end of the liquid distributor 137.

[0046] The side wall of the tower shell 1 is also provided with a carbon disulfide outlet 135, which is directly connected to the liquid guide pipe of the liquid collector 132. The outlet is located below the grid plate 131 and above the packing layer 122. It serves as the outlet for the washed carbon disulfide crude product and transports the liquid to the subsequent refining process.

[0047] The top of the tower shell 1 is provided with a gas outlet 2, which is connected to the subsequent condensation recovery or tail gas treatment system through a pipeline.

[0048] In addition, the bottom of the tower shell 1 is provided with a sulfur discharge port (not marked in the diagram), which is used to collect and discharge liquid sulfur separated from the initial mixture;

[0049] The carbon disulfide inlet 1 and carbon disulfide inlet 2 are respectively connected to carbon disulfide storage tank 1 and carbon disulfide storage tank 2;

[0050] Working principle: During operation, the gas-liquid mixture from the reactor and initially cooled by the sulfur condenser enters the lower part of the tower through the mixed liquid inlet 11; the denser liquid sulfur settles under gravity and is continuously discharged from the sulfur outlet at the bottom of the tower.

[0051] Gas carrying trace amounts of sulfur flows upward and first enters the packing layer 122. At this time, the low-temperature carbon disulfide liquid introduced by the carbon disulfide inlet 123 is purified by the filter cup 126 and evenly distributed by the liquid distributor 125. It then comes into countercurrent contact with the rising gas on the surface of the packing. The carbon disulfide liquid partially vaporizes, absorbing a large amount of sensible and latent heat, which significantly cools the gas and washes away most of the residual sulfur.

[0052] The gas continues to rise, passes through the gas passage of the liquid collector 132, and enters the packing layer 2 133; the lower-temperature carbon disulfide liquid provided by the carbon disulfide inlet 2 134 undergoes a second round of countercurrent contact here, completing deep washing and final cooling.

[0053] The washed crude carbon disulfide accumulates at the bottom of the packing layer 133, is collected by the liquid collector 132, and is discharged through the carbon disulfide outlet 135 to be sent to the refining tower for further processing.

[0054] The purified gas is finally discharged from gas outlet 2 at the top of the tower and enters the subsequent process section.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] Basically the same as in Example 1, but further: referring to Figure 1 - Figure 4A separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower are disclosed. The liquid distributor 125 is integrated into a pressure ring 124, and the liquid distributor 137 is integrated into a pressure ring 136. Specifically, both pressure rings 124 and 136 include a circular pressure plate 31 for pressing down the packing material below. The pressure plate 31 has multiple transverse grooves 32, and a connecting pipe 33 is fixedly installed at the top of each groove 32. The bottom of the connecting pipe 33 is connected to the groove 32. A connecting hole 34 is provided at the joint, and an outlet 35 is provided at the bottom of the groove 32; the liquid enters the groove 32 from the connecting pipe 33 through the connecting hole 34, and finally flows out evenly through the outlet 35 at the bottom. This structure realizes the transformation of pipe flow into linear distribution, so that the liquid can spread more evenly along the cross section of the tower; the top of the connecting pipe 33 of the pressure ring 124 and the connecting pipe 33 of the pressure ring 2 136 are connected to the filter cup 126 and the filter cup 2 138 respectively through pipes, so as to receive the filtered clean washing liquid;

[0057] A liquid collector 132 is installed at the bottom of the second grid plate 131; the structure of the second grid plate 131 includes a perforated substrate 41, and a support plate 43 with a through groove is fixedly installed on the top of the perforated substrate 41 by a connecting post 42; this layered design forms a gas channel and a liquid guiding space, the support plate 43 is used to support the upper packing layer 133, and its through groove allows the liquid to flow downward; the perforated substrate 41 is used to finally distribute the liquid to the collector below, while allowing gas to pass through;

[0058] The liquid collector 132 includes:

[0059] Concentrator 51: Fixedly installed on the bottom of the base plate 41 of the grid plate 2 131, used to collect the carbon disulfide liquid falling from the through hole of the base plate 41 and guide it to its lowest point; The lowest point of the concentrator 51 is connected to the carbon disulfide outlet 135 through a pipe to realize the continuous discharge of liquid.

[0060] Gas-gathering hood 52: Fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tower shell 1, located below the gas-gathering hood 51, used to collect and guide the rising gas;

[0061] Ventilation pipe 53: Multiple sets are installed on the top of the air-gathering hood 52; the top of the ventilation pipe 53 passes through the air-gathering hood 51 and the base plate 41 in sequence, and extends to the space between the base plate 41 and the support plate 43, and a conical cover 54 is fixedly connected to its top end; and vertical through slots 55 are arranged in a ring array on the outer wall of the top of the ventilation pipe 53.

[0062] Working principle: During operation, the gas from the first packing layer 122 rises and is collected by the gas-gathering hood 52 and evenly distributed to each vent pipe 53. The gas rises along the vent pipe 53, flows out from the vertical groove 55 at the top, enters the gas channel formed by the conical hood 54, the base plate 41 and the support plate 43, and then evenly passes upward through the groove of the support plate 43 into the second packing layer 133. On the other hand, the carbon disulfide liquid discharged from the second liquid distributor 137 and washed through the second packing layer 133 flows downward through the groove of the support plate 43. Under the guiding action of the outer wall of the conical hood 54, the liquid is effectively dispersed and avoids the gas outlet (i.e., the top of the vent pipe 53). Then it passes through the through hole on the base plate 41, falls into the flow-gathering hood 51 and gathers, and finally is discharged through the carbon disulfide outlet 135.

[0063] Example 3:

[0064] Similar to Example 2, the waste heat of the gas discharged from the top of the tower was not effectively utilized, resulting in energy waste; refer to Figure 1 - Figure 5 A separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower, wherein an internal circulation and heat recovery unit is added to the external pipeline; specifically:

[0065] Furthermore, a branch point is added to the main pipeline of the crude carbon disulfide liquid discharged from the carbon disulfide outlet 135, which flows to the subsequent refining tower. The crude liquid is divided into two streams here: the main product stream (most of it) goes to the refining process; the internal circulation stream (accounting for 10%-30% of the total) is led out by a branch line, pressurized by a circulation pump, and directly delivered to a tee fitting.

[0066] The output pipeline of the carbon disulfide storage tank 2 is connected to a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger has two independent flow channels: the first flow channel is connected in series on the output pipeline of the carbon disulfide storage tank 2; the input end of the second flow channel is connected to the gas outlet 2 at the top of the separation tower, and its output end is connected to the subsequent condensation recovery system; inside the heat exchanger, the cool external fresh carbon disulfide liquid from the carbon disulfide storage tank 2 and the purified gas from the top of the tower, which still has a certain temperature, exchange heat countercurrently; the gas is cooled, and its sensible heat is recovered for preheating the external fresh washing liquid;

[0067] The preheated external fresh washing liquid is output from the first set of flow channels of the heat exchanger and then enters the aforementioned three-way fitting, where it is mixed with the unheated internal circulating reflux liquid from the circulating pump. After the two liquids are fully mixed in the three-way fitting, a mixed washing liquid with optimized temperature and composition is formed, which is finally sent into the tower through the carbon disulfide inlet 2134 for the second stage of fine washing.

[0068] Working principle: During system operation, the separation process inside the tower is the same as in Example 2; in the external loop, the gas discharged from the top of the tower (temperature T1) enters the shell side of the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with the low-temperature fresh washing liquid (temperature T2) from storage tank 2 in the tube side; the gas temperature decreases (to T1). 1 The fresh detergent is preheated to a higher, more suitable inlet temperature (T2). 1 The preheated fresh washing liquid is mixed with the relatively cool internal circulating liquid and then enters the tower.

[0069] Example 4:

[0070] Similar to Example 3, but with an additional intelligent sensing and control unit, the system monitors and dynamically adjusts in real time: a separation tower and a carbon disulfide production system containing the separation tower are equipped with a high-precision online sulfur content analyzer on the gas outlet 2 pipeline to monitor the residual sulfur concentration in the purified gas in real time and transmit the data to the control system; pressure measuring points are set above and below the packing layer 2 133 respectively, and the pressure measuring points are connected to differential pressure transmitters to monitor the pressure drop change of the packing layer in real time as a key indicator for judging the packing status (such as whether it is blocked or flooded); temperature sensors are added at key process nodes, including but not limited to: the temperature of the mixed liquid inlet 11, the inlet / outlet temperature of the first washing section (packing layer 122), the inlet / outlet temperature of the second washing section (packing layer 2 133), the temperature of the gas outlet (2) at the top of the tower, and the temperature before and after the inlet and outlet of the fresh washing liquid side outside the heat exchanger;

[0071] Using a PLC control board as the core processing unit, the system receives real-time data from all the aforementioned sensors. The system's actuators include: a frequency converter for the circulating pump (for precise adjustment of the internal circulation flow), a flow regulating valve installed on the internal circulation return pipeline, a temperature regulating valve (optional, for fine control of the preheating temperature) installed on the heat source side (gas side) or cold source side (external fresh liquid side) pipeline of the heat exchanger, and a proportional regulating valve installed before the tee fitting (for controlling the ratio of the preheated external fresh washing liquid to the internal circulation liquid).

[0072] Working principle: During system operation, in addition to the physical separation process within the tower as described in Example 2, the control system continuously operates, achieving multi-objective optimization through the following linkage control strategy:

[0073] A. Dynamic adjustment of washing intensity based on purity (main control loop): This function ensures that the sulfur content of the purified gas remains consistently below the set value; the control logic is as follows:

[0074] The data from the online sulfur content analyzer serves as the main feedback signal; when an increase in sulfur content is detected and it approaches the upper limit, the control system immediately executes the following actions:

[0075] A1. Increase the speed of the internal circulation pump by using a frequency converter to increase the total internal circulation flow;

[0076] A2. Synchronous adjustment proportional control valve increases the proportion of preheated external fresh washing liquid in the increased total flow (relatively reducing the replenishment of internal circulating liquid), thereby increasing the washing liquid volume while utilizing its superior temperature to improve the washing effect.

[0077] A3. Fine-tune the heat exchange conditions using the temperature regulating valve to ensure the preheating temperature is within the optimal range:

[0078] B. Anti-clogging and flooding early warning regulation based on pressure difference; its function is to prevent packing layer blockage or flooding, and to ensure the hydrodynamic stability within the tower. The control logic is as follows:

[0079] B1. When the differential pressure continues to rise and exceeds the warning value, the system determines that the packing may begin to clog or the risk of flooding may increase. At this time, the control system will prioritize reducing the speed of the internal circulation pump to reduce the total load of the washing liquid and alleviate the pressure on the packing layer.

[0080] B2. At the same time, the preheating temperature of the fresh external washing liquid can be appropriately reduced by the temperature regulating valve to avoid excessively high overall temperature of the mixed washing liquid, which would exacerbate vaporization and lead to excessively high gas velocity.

[0081] B3. The system also issues a warning signal to prompt the operator to check;

[0082] It enables online monitoring and proactive intervention of the packing condition, eliminating potential blockage or flooding risks at the outset and greatly extending the continuous operation cycle of the unit;

[0083] C. Energy efficiency optimization regulation based on thermal balance: Its function is to minimize system energy consumption while meeting purity and safety requirements; the core control logic is as follows:

[0084] By calculating the "theoretical minimum external cooling capacity" and "optimal internal circulation flow rate" under the current operating conditions in real time, and when the purity and pressure difference are within a safe range, the control system automatically fine-tunes the internal circulation flow rate and the ratio of preheated external liquid to internal circulation liquid to find the balance point that minimizes the sum of (circulation pump power consumption + energy consumption required to provide cooling capacity to external fresh liquid); by adjusting the operating point of the heat exchanger, the recovery and utilization rate of waste heat from the top gas of the tower reaches dynamic optimization.

Claims

1. A separation tower, comprising a separation tower for preliminary cooling and washing of sulfur-containing gas-liquid mixture process gas from a reactor; characterized in that It also includes an internal circulation unit, a heat recovery unit, and a control unit; The separation tower includes a tower shell, and a first-stage washing and cooling section and a second-stage fine washing section are provided inside the tower shell from bottom to top. A liquid collector is provided below the second-stage fine washing section. The liquid collector has a gas-liquid separation structure that allows gas to pass through and guides liquid, and is connected to the carbon disulfide outlet opened on the tower shell. The internal circulation unit includes a circulation pipeline for returning a portion of the carbon disulfide liquid output from the carbon disulfide outlet to the second-stage fine washing section as an internal circulation liquid. The heat recovery unit includes a heat exchanger connected in series on the supply line of the external fresh carbon disulfide washing liquid and configured to exchange heat with the external fresh washing liquid using the gas discharged from the top of the tower shell, so as to preheat the external washing liquid and cool the discharged gas. The control unit includes a controller, an online analyzer for real-time detection of sulfur content in the gas discharged from the separation tower, a first regulating mechanism for adjusting the liquid flow rate in the circulation pipeline, and a second regulating mechanism for adjusting the mixing ratio of the preheated external washing liquid and the internal circulation liquid; the controller is connected to the online analyzer, the first regulating mechanism, and the second regulating mechanism. The control unit also includes a differential pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure difference of the packing layer in the second-stage fine washing section, and a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the cold and hot material streams in the heat exchanger; the controller is also connected to the differential pressure sensor and the temperature sensor. The controller is configured to control the first and second regulating mechanisms according to the detection signal of the online analyzer, so as to increase the internal circulation flow and increase the proportion of preheated external washing liquid when the sulfur content increases; The system controls the first and / or second regulating mechanisms based on the signal from the differential pressure sensor to reduce the total load of the washing liquid when the differential pressure increases abnormally. Furthermore, while ensuring that the sulfur content of the discharged gas meets the standard and the differential pressure is normal, the system adjusts the operating conditions of the first regulating mechanism and / or the heat exchanger based on the signal from the temperature sensor. By adjusting the internal circulation flow rate and the ratio of preheated external washing liquid to internal circulation liquid, the system seeks to find the balance point that minimizes the power consumption of the circulation pump and the total energy consumption required to provide cooling to the external fresh liquid, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption of the system.

2. A separation tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the separation tower, the first-stage washing and cooling section includes a packing layer and a liquid distributor located above it and connected to the carbon disulfide inlet. The second-stage fine washing section includes a packing layer and a liquid distributor located above it and connected to the carbon disulfide inlet. The outlet end of the circulation pipeline is connected to the carbon disulfide inlet.

3. A separation tower according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid distributor one and liquid distributor two are respectively integrated on the pressure ring one and pressure ring two used to press the corresponding filler layer.

4. A separation tower according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first and second pressure rings include a pressure plate with a transverse groove. The top of the groove is connected to a connecting pipe on the pressure plate through a connecting hole, and the bottom is provided with an outlet.

5. A separation tower according to claim 4, characterized in that, The liquid collector includes a flow-gathering hood, a gas-gathering hood located below the flow-gathering hood, and multiple vent pipes penetrating the flow-gathering hood. The top of the vent pipe is provided with a conical cover and the pipe wall is provided with a vertical through groove. The flow-gathering hood is connected to the carbon disulfide outlet.

6. A separation tower according to claim 5, characterized in that, The separation tower is provided with a grid plate two for supporting the packing layer two. The grid plate two includes a support plate with through grooves and a perforated base plate. The conical cover is located between the perforated base plate and the support plate.

7. A separation tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first regulating mechanism includes a circulation pump and / or a flow regulating valve disposed on the circulation pipeline.

8. A separation tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the separation tower shell is provided with a discharge port for discharging settled sulfur, and the lower side wall is provided with a mixed liquid inlet for inputting process gas.

9. A carbon disulfide production system containing a separation tower, characterized in that, Includes a separation tower as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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