Laser-assisted machining system and machining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser-assisted machining system and method, and relates to the technical field of machining, the machining system comprises a cutter assembly, a laser assembly, a first adjusting assembly and a second adjusting assembly, the cutter assembly comprises a cutter body and is used for machining a to-be-machined part, and the laser assembly comprises a laser emitting part; the laser emitting part is used for generating laser spots to the surface of a to-be-machined part so as to heat the to-be-machined part before the cutter body machines the to-be-machined part, the first adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the position of the laser emitting part relative to the cutter body, and the second adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the distance between the laser emitting part and the cutter body and / or adjusting the laser spots to the surface of the to-be-machined part. The angle adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the angle of the laser emitting part relative to the cutter body, the first adjusting assembly and the second adjusting assembly are matched and used for enabling the laser spots to move relative to the cutter body, so that the movement path of the laser spots can completely cover the machining area of the cutter body, the structure is compact, and good applicability is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, and in particular to a laser-assisted machining system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the technological development in the automotive field, more and more high-performance alloy materials, such as ultra-high strength steel and titanium alloys, are being used in vehicles. When these metal materials are cut and milled, the cutting tools are subjected to large cutting forces, making them prone to breakage and requiring frequent tool replacements, which increases processing costs. Furthermore, because the materials of the workpieces are relatively hard, the surface is easily subjected to thermal stress and cracks during processing, resulting in poor surface quality after processing, increasing the scrap rate and the number of rework cycles, which has certain limitations.

[0003] Laser-assisted machining refers to combining laser systems with traditional machining techniques. The main principle is to heat the workpiece with a laser before machining with a cutting tool, altering its hardness and strength to improve surface quality. However, different cutting tools are used in processes like cutting and milling. When using tools of varying sizes, the laser may not fully cover the tool's machining area, leading to tool breakage and increased defect rates. Frequent changes to different laser systems are also cumbersome and increase processing costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser-assisted processing system and processing method that can change the movement path of the laser spot according to the specifications of the cutting tool, so that the heating area of ​​the laser spot can always cover the processing area of ​​the cutting tool, thereby matching cutting tools of different specifications, having good applicability, and improving processing efficiency.

[0005] This invention provides a laser-assisted processing system, comprising: A tool assembly, including a tool body, for machining a workpiece, the tool body being configured to have a feed rate along the surface of the workpiece. A laser assembly includes a laser emitter movably mounted on one side of the cutting tool body. The laser emitter generates a laser spot onto the surface of the workpiece to heat the workpiece before the cutting tool body processes it. The first adjustment component is used to adjust the position of the laser emitter relative to the blade body, so that the laser spot is located in front of the blade body in the feed direction. The first adjustment component and the second adjustment component are used to adjust the distance between the laser emitter and the cutter body, and / or to adjust the angle of the laser emitter relative to the cutter body. The first adjustment component and the second adjustment component cooperate to enable the laser spot to move relative to the cutter body so that the movement path of the laser spot can completely cover the processing area of ​​the cutter body.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first adjustment component includes a first power source, a first transmission component, and a second transmission component. The first transmission component is mounted on the output shaft of the first power source, and the second transmission component is used to mount the laser emitter. The first transmission component and the second transmission component cooperate to adjust the position of the laser emitter relative to the blade body.

[0007] In one embodiment, the second transmission member is coaxially arranged with the blade body, the laser emitter is mounted on one axial end of the second transmission member, and the central axis of the laser emitter is coplanar with the central axis of the blade body.

[0008] In one embodiment, the tool assembly includes a connecting spindle for mounting the tool body. The first power source is mounted on the connecting spindle via a fixing part. The fixing part includes a limiting member. Two limiting members are joined together to form a first fixing space and a second fixing space. The first fixing space is used to mount and fix the connecting spindle, and the second fixing space is used to mount and fix the first power source.

[0009] In one embodiment, the second adjustment component includes a mounting base and an angle adjustment element. The laser emitter is movably mounted on the mounting base. The angle adjustment element includes a second power source, which is mounted on one side of the mounting base. The output shaft of the second power source is connected to the laser emitter for driving the laser emitter to rotate.

[0010] In one embodiment, the second adjustment component includes a mounting base and a distance adjustment element. The laser emitter is movably mounted on the mounting base. A first matching element is mounted on the laser emitter. The distance adjustment element includes a third power source and a second matching element. The second matching element is connected to the output shaft of the third power source and is drively connected to the first matching element so that the laser emitter can move linearly relative to the mounting base.

[0011] In one embodiment, a central control unit is also included. The central control unit is communicatively connected to the cutting tool assembly, the laser assembly, the first adjustment assembly, and the second adjustment assembly. The central control unit includes a storage unit and a logic unit. The storage unit stores the radial dimension r1 of the cutting tool and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot. The logic unit can compare the values ​​of the radial dimension r1 of the cutting tool and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot to calculate the motion path of the laser spot and send control commands to the first adjustment assembly and / or the second adjustment assembly to adjust the position of the laser emitter.

[0012] In one embodiment, the storage unit stores a spot path calculation formula. Based on the logic unit's determination that r1 > r2, the logic unit calls the spot path calculation formula to calculate the motion path of the laser spot.

[0013] The present invention also proposes a laser-assisted processing method, applied to the aforementioned laser-assisted processing system, comprising the following steps: Initial tool position adjustment: Based on the position of the machining area on the workpiece, adjust the position of the tool relative to the workpiece to complete tool setting; Laser spot path calculation: Based on the radial dimension r1 of the blade and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, the motion path of the laser spot is calculated; Initial position adjustment of laser spot: The first adjustment component adjusts the position of the laser emitter relative to the cutter body, and / or the second adjustment component adjusts the distance between the laser emitter and the cutter body, and / or the second adjustment component adjusts the angle of the laser emitter relative to the cutter body, so that the laser spot is located at a certain distance in front of the cutter body in the feed direction; Processing: Based on the calculated motion path of the laser spot, the first adjustment component and / or the second adjustment component adjust the position of the laser emitter in real time, so that the laser spot heats the workpiece in front of the feed direction of the cutter body, and the cutter body processes the heated workpiece.

[0014] In one embodiment, the laser spot path calculation step further includes: based on the radial dimension r1 of the blade body, the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, and the spot path calculation formula stored in the storage unit, the logic unit compares the values ​​of the radial dimension r1 of the blade body and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, calculates the motion path of the laser spot based on the spot path calculation formula, and can send control commands to the first adjustment component and / or the second adjustment component.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The laser component and the tool component are combined. The laser emitter assists the tool body in processing. The laser spot can heat the processing area on the workpiece to reduce the material hardness of the workpiece, reduce the thermal stress on the surface of the workpiece, effectively avoid the problem of cracking on the surface of the workpiece, improve the surface quality of the workpiece, improve the processing efficiency of the tool body, and reduce the force on the tool body during processing, reduce the wear of the tool body, and thus help extend the service life of the tool body. The first and second adjustment components work together to adjust the position and angle of the laser emitter based on the specifications of the cutter body, which helps to ensure the accuracy of the laser incident direction and incident angle, so that the laser spot can always be in front of the feed direction of the cutter body, and the workpiece to be processed can be heated before the cutter body processes it. By adjusting the position of the laser emitter, the laser spot can move relative to the cutting tool, thereby increasing the area of ​​the heated region of the laser spot. This allows it to match cutting tools of different specifications and change the movement path of the laser spot according to the specifications of the cutting tool, ensuring that the heated region of the laser spot always covers the processing area of ​​the cutting tool. This helps to ensure processing quality, has good applicability, eliminates the need for repeated disassembly and assembly of the laser emitter, saves manpower, reduces processing costs, and improves processing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laser component and a second adjustment component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the processing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the projection of the blade and the laser spot according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is another projected schematic diagram of the blade and laser spot according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is another projection diagram of the blade and laser spot according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the picture: 10-Tool assembly; 11-Tool body; 12-Connecting spindle; 121-Positioning element; 122-Clamping element; 20-Laser assembly; 21-Laser emitter; 211-Assembly slot; 22-Base; 23-First mating component; 30-First adjusting component; 31-First power source; 311-Output shaft; 32-First transmission component; 33-Second transmission component; 331-Inner ring component; 332-Outer ring component; 333-Slot; 334-First groove; 335-Second groove; 336-Ball; 337-Sealing ring; 338-Limiting boss; 339-Connecting platform; 34-Fixing part; 341-Limiting component; 342-Fastener; 40 - Second adjustment component; 41 - Mounting base; 411 - Mounting cavity; 412 - Mounting plate; 42 - Angle adjustment component; 421 - Second power source; 43 - Distance adjustment component; 431 - Third power source; 50 - Central control; 51 - Storage unit; 52 - Logic unit. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the description of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms based on the specific circumstances.

[0028] The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of description and simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0029] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are used merely to distinguish elements with similar properties, not to indicate or imply relative importance or a specific order.

[0030] The terms “include,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the laser-assisted processing system proposed in this invention includes a tool assembly 10, a laser assembly 20, a first adjustment assembly 30, and a second adjustment assembly 40. The tool assembly 10 includes a tool body 11, which is used to process the workpiece. The tool body 11 is configured to have a feed rate along the surface of the workpiece. The laser assembly 20 includes a laser emitter 21, which is movably mounted on one side of the tool body 11. The laser emitter 21 is used to emit a laser spot onto the surface of the workpiece so that the workpiece can be heated by the laser spot. Thus, the workpiece can be heated before the tool body 11 processes it. The first adjustment component 30 is used to adjust the position of the laser emitter 21 relative to the cutter body 11 so that the position of the laser spot generated by the laser emitter 21 is always in front of the feed direction of the cutter body 11. The second adjustment component 40 is used to adjust the distance between the laser emitter 21 and the cutter body 11, and / or to adjust the angle of the laser emitter 21 relative to the cutter body 11. The first adjustment component 30 and the second adjustment component 40 cooperate to enable the laser spot generated by the laser emitter 21 to move relative to the cutter body 11 so that the movement path of the laser spot can completely cover the processing area of ​​the cutter body 11.

[0032] The laser assembly 20 and the tool assembly 10 are combined, and the laser emitter 21 assists the tool body 11 in processing. The laser spot can heat the processing area on the workpiece to reduce the material hardness of the workpiece, reduce the thermal stress on the surface of the workpiece, effectively avoid the cracking problem on the surface of the workpiece, improve the surface quality of the workpiece, improve the processing efficiency of the tool body 11, and reduce the force on the tool body 11 during processing, reduce the wear of the tool body 11, and thus help extend the service life of the tool body 11. The first adjustment component 30 and the second adjustment component 40 work together to adjust the position and angle of the laser emitter 21 based on the specifications of the cutter body 11, which helps to ensure the accuracy of the incident direction and incident angle of the laser, so that the laser spot can always be located in front of the feed direction of the cutter body 11, and the workpiece to be processed can be heated before the cutter body 11 is processed. By adjusting the position of the laser emitter 21, the laser spot can move relative to the cutter body 11, thereby increasing the area of ​​the heated region of the laser spot. This allows it to match cutters 11 of different specifications and change the movement path of the laser spot according to the specifications of the cutter body 11, ensuring that the heated region of the laser spot always covers the processing area of ​​the cutter body 11. This helps to ensure processing quality, has good applicability, eliminates the need for repeated disassembly and assembly of the laser emitter 21, saves manpower, reduces processing costs, and improves processing efficiency.

[0033] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tool assembly 10 includes a connecting spindle 12, and a tool body 11 is mounted on one axial end of the connecting spindle 12 for machining the workpiece. The connecting spindle 12 can drive the tool body 11 to move, thereby controlling the movement path of the tool body 11, and thus adjusting the feed rate and feed direction of the tool body 11 according to the machining requirements of the workpiece.

[0034] In this example embodiment, the tool body 11 is detachably mounted on one end of the connecting spindle 12 so that different tool bodies 11 can be replaced according to different processing requirements.

[0035] In this example embodiment, the cutter body 11 is configured as a milling cutter to perform milling operations on the workpiece.

[0036] In this example embodiment, the connecting spindle 12 is a three-axis or five-axis machine tool spindle, which enables three-axis or five-axis linkage control of the tool body 11. More specifically, when the connecting spindle 12 is a five-axis machine tool spindle, the drive unit can drive the tool body 11 to move along three linear axes (X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis), and can drive the tool body 11 to rotate around the X-axis and Y-axis, so that the tool body 11 can achieve precision machining.

[0037] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 3 The laser assembly 20 includes a base 22 for mounting a laser emitter 21. The base 22 includes a fixing cavity for mounting the laser emitter 21.

[0038] In this example embodiment, the laser emitter 21 and the fixed cavity of the base 22 are fitted with a clearance, making installation simple and convenient, and easy to maintain.

[0039] In this example embodiment, the laser emitter 21 generates a high-power laser beam and focuses the laser spot onto the surface of the workpiece, altering its strength and hardness at high temperatures. This facilitates machining with a conventional cutting tool 11, significantly reducing cutting resistance and minimizing wear on the tool 11. Understandably, the power and focus of the laser beam can be adjusted according to the material of the workpiece and the machining requirements.

[0040] In this example configuration, the laser emitter 21 is a CO2 laser or a fiber laser.

[0041] In this example, the shape of the laser spot of the laser beam generated by the laser emitter 21 can be controlled by the optical system. For ease of control, the shape of the laser spot is preferably circular.

[0042] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first adjustment component 30 includes a first power source 31, a first transmission component 32, and a second transmission component 33. The first power source 31 is installed on one side of the cutter body 11. The first transmission component 32 is installed on the output shaft 311 of the first power source 31. The second transmission component 33 is used to install the laser emitter 21 and can transmit power with the first transmission component 32. The first transmission component 32 and the second transmission component 33 cooperate to adjust the position of the laser emitter 21 relative to the cutter body 11 so that the laser spot can always be located in front of the feed direction of the cutter body 11.

[0043] In this example scheme of Embodiment 1, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tool assembly 10 includes a connecting spindle 12 for mounting the tool body 11. A first power source 31 is mounted on the connecting spindle 12 via a fixing part 34. The fixing part 34 includes a limiting member 341 and a fastener 342. The two limiting members 341 are symmetrically assembled to form a first fixing space and a second fixing space. The first fixing space and the second fixing space are adjacent to each other in the radial direction of the connecting spindle 12. The first fixing space cooperates with the connecting spindle 12, and the connecting spindle 12 is installed and fixed in the first fixing space. The second fixing space cooperates with the first power source 31, and the first power source 31 is installed and fixed in the second fixing space. The fastener 342 can adjust the size of the first fixing space and the second fixing space, thereby fixing the first power source 31 on the connecting spindle 12.

[0044] In this example configuration, the first power source 31 is fixed to the radial side of the connecting spindle 12.

[0045] In this example, the fastener 342 is connected to the two limiting members 341 by screwing. The first fixed space and the second fixed space are respectively provided with a fixing flange for mounting the fastener 342. The fastener 342 enables the two limiting members 341 to be disassembled and assembled, which is easy to maintain and repair, and the operation is simple and convenient.

[0046] In this example solution, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 A positioning element 121 is installed on the radial outer wall of the connecting spindle 12. When the fixing part 34 is connected, the positioning element 121 is located below the limiting element 341 to support the limiting element 341 and prevent the first power source 31 from shaking and moving along the axial direction of the connecting spindle 12 during operation, which would cause the laser emitter 21 to shift. This can effectively ensure the working quality of the laser emitter 21.

[0047] For example, the connecting spindle 12 is provided with a mounting groove, and the positioning member 121 is installed in the mounting groove by an elastic member (not shown in the figure), and the positioning member 121 is exposed in the mounting groove. The elastic member allows the positioning member 121 to extend and retract relative to the outer wall of the connecting spindle 12 under the action of external force. When the connecting spindle 12 is inserted into the first fixed space, the positioning member 121 is flush with the outer wall of the connecting spindle 12 by the contraction of the elastic member, so as to facilitate the insertion of the connecting spindle 12. When the limiting member 341 is above the positioning member 121, the positioning member 121 is reset by the elastic member and protrudes from the outer wall of the connecting spindle 12 to support the limiting member 341.

[0048] Furthermore, the number of positioning elements 121 is set to three, and they are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the connecting spindle 12.

[0049] In this example of embodiment 1, the first power source 31 is a motor, and the output shaft 311 of the first power source 31 can rotate around its own axis, thereby driving the first transmission component 32 to rotate around the axis of the output shaft 311.

[0050] In this example, the second fixed space engages with the flange on the side of the motor to enable a quick positioning connection between the limiting member 341 and the first power source 31.

[0051] In this example embodiment, the first transmission member 32 and the second transmission member 33 mesh with each other. The output shaft 311 of the first power source 31 drives the first transmission member 32 to rotate around the axial direction of the output shaft 311, thereby driving the second transmission member 33 to rotate around its own axial direction. The second transmission member 33 is mounted on the connecting spindle 12 and is coaxially connected to the connecting spindle 12. The laser emitter 21 is mounted on one axial end of the second transmission member 33. The second transmission member 33 can cooperate with the first transmission member 32 to adjust the position of the laser emitter 21 in the circumferential direction of the cutter body 11, so that the laser emitter 21 can flexibly adjust its position according to the movement path of the cutter body 11, so as to ensure that the laser spot is always in front of the feed direction of the cutter body 11. When the cutter body 11 contacts the workpiece, the workpiece has been heated by the laser, which can effectively avoid the problem of the cutter body 11 breaking and being easy to wear, and is conducive to extending the service life of the cutter body 11.

[0052] In this example scheme, such as Figure 2 As shown, the second transmission component 33 is coaxially arranged with the blade body 11, and the laser emitter 21 is installed at one axial end of the second transmission component 33. The central axis of the laser emitter 21 is coplanar with the central axis of the blade body 11, so as to reduce the number of adjustments of the laser emitter 21 and improve the adjustment efficiency.

[0053] For example, the second transmission member 33 includes an inner ring member 331 and an outer ring member 332. The inner ring member 331 is sleeved on the connecting spindle 12 and is coaxially arranged with the cutter body 11. The outer ring member 332 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner ring member 331 and meshes with the first transmission member 32 so as to be able to rotate about its own axis relative to the inner ring member 332. The laser emitter 21 is not coaxial with the cutter body 11. The line connecting the mounting point of the laser emitter 21 on the outer ring member 332 and the mounting point of the cutter body 11 is along the radial direction of the outer ring member 332. When the outer ring 332 rotates, the laser emitter 21 can always remain coplanar with the central axis of the cutter body 11, and the laser emitter 21 can rotate 360° around the connecting spindle 12. Thus, the laser spot can be adjusted to be in front of the feed direction of the cutter body 11 in any feed direction. More specifically, when the feed direction of the cutter body 11 changes, the inner ring 331 and the outer ring 332 can work together to ensure that the laser spot is always located at a certain distance in front of the feed direction of the cutter body 11.

[0054] When it is necessary to move the laser spot relative to the cutter body 11 so that the heating area formed by the movement path of the laser spot can completely cover the processing area of ​​the cutter body 11, the inner ring 331 and the outer ring 332 cooperate to realize the oscillation of the laser spot relative to the cutter body 11 by the forward and reverse rotation of the outer ring 332, so that the laser spot moves back and forth in a direction approximately perpendicular to the feed direction of the cutter body 11 to expand the heating area.

[0055] Furthermore, the inner ring 331 is interference-fitted with the connecting spindle 12, making assembly simple and convenient.

[0056] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, one of the inner wall of the inner ring 331 and the outer wall of the connecting spindle 12 has a protruding retainer 122, and the other has a retaining groove 333. When the inner ring 331 is connected to the connecting spindle 12, the retainer 122 is engaged in the retaining groove 333. This arrangement ensures the connection quality between the inner ring 331 and the connecting spindle 12, effectively prevents the inner ring 331 from moving axially along the connecting spindle 12, and effectively prevents the inner ring 331 from rotating circumferentially along the outer periphery of the connecting spindle 12, thus improving the stability of the connection with the connecting spindle 12.

[0057] Optionally, card 122 can be configured as three.

[0058] Optionally, the clamp 122 is a spring-loaded ball joint to enable telescopic movement, facilitating the assembly of the inner ring 331 with the connecting spindle 12.

[0059] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the inner ring 331 has a first groove 334 on its outer periphery near the outer ring 332, and the outer ring 332 has a second groove 335 on its inner wall near the inner ring 331. A ball bearing 336 is provided between the first groove 334 and the second groove 335, and the ball bearing 336 enables a rotatable connection between the outer ring 332 and the inner ring 331.

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, a sealing ring 337 is provided between the inner ring 331 and the outer ring 332. The sealing ring 337 is used to fill the gap between the inner ring 331 and the outer ring 332 to prevent external dust or impurities from entering and causing the ball 336 to jam, which helps to ensure the rotational quality of the second transmission component 33. Optionally, the sealing ring 337 is a rubber ring.

[0061] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the upper end of the outer ring 332 is provided with a limiting boss 338. The limiting boss 338 is used to fix and engage the sealing ring 337 to prevent the sealing ring 337 from shifting or falling off. It can effectively ensure the installation quality of the sealing ring 337 and has good structural stability.

[0062] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the lower end of the outer ring 332 is provided with a connecting platform 339. The side of the connecting platform 339 protrudes from the outer ring 332. The connecting platform 339 is used to install the laser emitter 21, which facilitates the installation and maintenance of the laser emitter 21.

[0063] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3 The second adjustment component 40 includes a mounting base 41 and an angle adjustment component 42. The mounting base 41 is used to mount the laser emitter 21 on the outer ring component 332. The laser emitter 21 is movably mounted on the mounting base 41. The angle adjustment component 42 is used to adjust the angle of the laser emitter 21 relative to the cutter body 11, thereby adjusting the distance between the laser spot and the cutter body 11, and adjusting the energy of the laser spot acting on the surface of the workpiece. The angle adjustment component 42 includes a second power source 421, which is mounted on one side of the mounting base 41. The output shaft of the second power source 421 passes through the mounting base 41 and is connected to the laser emitter 21. More specifically, the output shaft of the second power source 421 is connected to the base 22 on which the laser emitter 21 is mounted, so as to drive the base 22 and the laser emitter 21 on it to rotate relative to the mounting base 41, thereby changing the angle of the laser emitter 21 relative to the blade body 11. By changing the angle of the laser emitter 21, the distance between the center point of the laser spot and the center point of the blade body 11 can be changed, thereby adjusting the position of the laser spot according to the different specifications of the blade body 11 so that the laser spot is located at a certain distance in front of the feed direction of the blade body 11.

[0064] In this example scheme of Embodiment 1, such as Figure 3 As shown, the mounting base 41 includes a mounting cavity 411, which causes the mounting base 41 to include two opposing mounting plates 412. The laser emitter 21 is mounted in the mounting base 41. More specifically, the base 22 is mounted in the mounting cavity 411 so that the laser emitter 21 is partially accommodated in the mounting cavity 411. The base 22 and the mounting plate 412 are movably connected.

[0065] In this example configuration, the mounting base 41 is detachably mounted on the outer ring 332 by means of screws, or more specifically, on the connecting platform 339 of the outer ring 332, for easy disassembly and maintenance.

[0066] In this example scheme, the second power source 421 is an electric motor.

[0067] In this example configuration, the second power source 421 is screwed onto the end of the mounting plate 412 facing away from the mounting cavity 411.

[0068] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 2 and Figure 3The second adjustment component 40 includes a mounting base 41 and a distance adjustment component 43. The laser emitter 21 is movably mounted on the mounting base 41. A first matching component 23 is mounted on the laser emitter 21. The distance adjustment component 43 includes a third power source 431 and a second matching component (not shown in the figure). The third power source 431 is mounted on the base 22. The second matching component is mounted on the output shaft of the third power source 431. The second matching component and the first matching component 23 cooperate to realize transmission. The third power source 431 is used to drive the second matching component, thereby making the second matching component cooperate with the first matching component 23 so that the laser emitter 21 moves linearly relative to the mounting base 41, thereby changing the distance between the emitting end of the laser emitter 21 and the blade body 11.

[0069] In this example scheme of Embodiment 1, the third power source 431 is a motor, the first matching component 23 is a rack, and the second matching component is a gear. The gear meshes with the rack, and the output shaft of the third power source 431 drives the gear to rotate around its own axis, thereby enabling it to cooperate with the rack to achieve linear motion conversion. Since the third power source 431 is mounted on the base 22, when the gear rotates, the rack can drive the laser emitter 21 to move relative to the base 22 through tooth meshing, so as to adjust the distance between the laser emitter 21 and the blade body 11.

[0070] In this example scheme, such as Figure 3 As shown, the outer wall of the laser emitter 21 has an assembly groove 211, the rack is installed in the assembly groove 211, and the length direction of the rack is parallel to the axial direction of the laser emitter 21. The gear is accommodated in the assembly groove 211 and meshes with the rack teeth so that the laser emitter 21 can move relative to the base 22 along its own axial direction.

[0071] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the laser-assisted processing system proposed in this invention also includes a central control unit 50. The central control unit 50 is communicatively connected to the aforementioned tool assembly 10, laser assembly 20, first adjustment assembly 30, and second adjustment assembly 40 to control each component, thereby completing the processing of the workpiece. This system features a high degree of automation, reduces the cost of manual adjustments, and improves adjustment efficiency. The central control unit 50 can coordinate the tool assembly 10 and the laser assembly 20 to ensure precise coordination between laser spot heating and the machining of the tool body 11. Automated control ensures the processing quality of the entire laser-assisted processing system.

[0072] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5The main control unit 50 includes a storage unit 51 and a logic unit 52. The storage unit 51 stores the radial dimension r1 of the blade body 11 and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot. The logic unit 52 compares the values ​​of the radial dimension r1 of the blade body 11 and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot to calculate and plan the motion path of the laser spot, thereby planning the position adjustment strategy of the laser emitter 21, and sending control commands to the first adjustment component 30 and / or the second adjustment component 40 to adjust the position of the laser emitter 21 relative to the blade body 11 so that the heating area of ​​the laser spot can completely cover the processing area of ​​the blade body 11 on the surface of the workpiece.

[0073] More specifically, refer to Figure 5 In the figure, the direction of the thick arrow is the direction of movement of the cutter body 11, where the direction indicated by the arrow is forward. The side perpendicular to the direction of movement of the cutter body 11 is defined as left, and the opposite side is right. When the logic unit 52 determines that r1 > r2, the radial dimension of the cutter body 11 is larger than the radial dimension of the laser spot. If heating is performed only by the laser spot, the heating area on the workpiece will not be able to completely cover the processing area of ​​the cutter body 11. Therefore, the logic unit 52 needs to calculate the movement path of the laser spot.

[0074] When r1 > r2, the logic unit 52 sends a control command to the first adjustment component 30. The first power source 31 drives the first transmission component 32 to rotate, which in turn drives the second transmission component 33 to rotate, thereby changing the position of the laser emitter 21 mounted on the second transmission component 33. This causes the position of the laser emitter 21 relative to the cutter body 11 to change. During the feeding process of the cutter body 11, the laser emitter 21 moves in the left and right directions relative to the cutter body 11 to form a "Z" shaped movement path. By changing the position of the laser emitter 21, the range of laser heating is expanded, thereby enabling the heating area to cover the processing area of ​​the cutter body 11.

[0075] Because lasers have excellent direct-light properties and hardly scatter, the size of the laser spot cannot be easily changed. The laser emitter 21 is driven to oscillate relative to the blade body 11 by the second transmission component 33. There is no need to replace the laser emitter 21, which reduces the number of downtime maintenance and has good applicability.

[0076] like Figure 5 As shown, the laser spot can move from the initial position P1 to the position P2 in the left-right direction. While the connecting spindle 12 and the tool body 11 are feeding forward synchronously, the laser spot can move from the position P2 to the position P3 in the left-right direction. This cycle repeats, and the laser spot can sweep across the processing area to be processed by the tool body 11 in the left-right direction in front of the tool body 11 and heat the workpiece.

[0077] Since the radial dimensions r1 of different cutter bodies 11 are different, there may be a situation where r1 > r2. In this case, if the laser spot emitted by the laser emitter 21 heats the workpiece, the heating area is not enough to completely cover the processing area of ​​the cutter body 11, which will cause different forces on different parts of the cutter body 11, making the cutter body 11 prone to wear or even breakage, affecting the processing quality. The laser-assisted processing system proposed in this invention can be applied to cutter bodies 11 of different sizes, and there is no need to replace the laser emitter 21, which has good applicability.

[0078] In this example scheme of Embodiment 1, the storage unit 51 stores the motion path calculation formula of the laser spot. Based on the judgment of the logic unit 52 that r1>r2, the logic unit 52 calls the spot path calculation formula to calculate the motion path of the laser spot.

[0079] like Figure 6 As shown, the angle of laser spot oscillation is defined as α, the radius of the blade 11 is r1, the radius of the laser spot is r2, and the distance from the center point of the blade 11 to the center point of the laser spot is d, where the value of d is controlled by the second adjustment component 40. Then, the angle α of one laser spot oscillation satisfies: Formula 1:

[0080] Right now,

[0081] From the perspective of laser heating efficiency, referring to Figure 5 The dashed arrow in the diagram indicates that when the laser spot oscillates relative to the blade 11 for one cycle, the laser spot moves from the initial position P1 to the position P3. Figure 6 At this time, the distance D that the laser spot travels along the feed direction of the cutter body 11 (i.e., the distance between the center points of the two laser spots) can be: D = r2 + r2, meaning the laser spot at position P1 and the laser spot at position P3 are externally tangent, or 0 < D < r2 + r2, meaning the laser spot at position P1 and the laser spot at position P3 are intersecting.

[0082] When D=r2+r2, the laser heating area can be maximized. At this time, the center points of the laser spot at position P1 and the laser spot at position P3 need to be located on the tangent line of the edge of the cutter body 11 in the left and right directions, so as to avoid gaps between two adjacent laser spots in the feed direction, which would result in incomplete heating of the workpiece.

[0083] When 0 < D < r² + r², such as Figure 7As shown, the intersection of two adjacent laser spots in the feed direction should be located on the tangent of the edge of the cutter body 11 in the left-right direction to avoid gaps between the two laser spots, which would result in incomplete heating of the workpiece. Since there are two intersections between two adjacent laser spots, in order to reduce the laser oscillation time and improve the heating efficiency, it is more preferable to make the outermost intersection in the left-right direction located on the tangent of the edge of the cutter body 11 in the left-right direction.

[0084] The time t required for the laser spot to oscillate for one cycle is: t = D / v, where v is the feed speed of the cutter body 11.

[0085] The logic unit 52 can send control commands to the second adjustment component 40 based on time t and angle α, so that the second adjustment component 40 can reasonably adjust the value of the distance d from the center point of the blade body 11 to the center point of the laser spot, thereby making the position of the laser spot reasonable.

[0086] If the transmission ratio between the first power source 31 and the second transmission component 33 is A, and the motor speed of the first power source 31 is N1, then the speed of the second transmission component 33 is N2. The speeds N2 and N1 respectively satisfy the following: Formula 2:

[0087] Formula 3:

[0088] The laser-assisted processing system proposed in this invention has a simple and compact overall structure, which helps to prevent small debris from the workpiece from entering the components during the processing of the tool body 11, thus avoiding wear or jamming. It can also achieve automated control through the main control 50, and can adjust the position of the laser spot according to the specifications of the tool body 11, which helps to improve the stability of the entire processing system, extend the service life of the processing system, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0089] The main control unit 50 can calculate the angle α of the laser spot swing, and calculate the rotational speed N1 of the first power source 31 and the rotational speed N2 of the second transmission component 33, and then adjust them through the first adjustment component 30.

[0090] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the present invention also proposes a laser-assisted processing method, applied to the aforementioned laser-assisted processing system, specifically including the following steps: Initial position adjustment of the tool body: Based on the position of the machining area on the workpiece, adjust the position of the tool body 11 relative to the workpiece to complete the tool setting; Laser spot path calculation: Based on the radial dimension r1 of the cutter body 11 and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, the motion path of the laser spot is calculated; Initial position adjustment of laser spot: The first adjustment component 30 adjusts the position of the laser emitter 21 relative to the cutter body 11, and / or the second adjustment component 40 adjusts the distance between the laser emitter 21 and the cutter body 11, and / or the second adjustment component 40 adjusts the angle of the laser emitter 21 relative to the cutter body 11, so that the laser spot is located at a certain distance in front of the cutter body 11 in the feed direction. Processing: Based on the calculated motion path of the laser spot, the first adjustment component 30 and / or the second adjustment component 40 adjust the position of the laser emitter 21 in real time, so that the laser spot heats the workpiece in front of the feed direction of the cutter body 11, and the cutter body 11 processes the heated workpiece.

[0091] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned initial position adjustment step of the blade body further includes: The master control unit 50 sends control commands to a three-axis or five-axis machine tool, causing the connecting spindle 12 to drive the tool body 11 to move, thereby adjusting the position of the tool body 11 and completing the tool setting.

[0092] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned laser spot path calculation step further includes: Based on the radial dimension r1 of the blade 11, the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, and the spot path calculation formula stored in the storage unit 51, the logic unit 52 compares the values ​​of the radial dimension r1 of the blade 11 and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, calculates the motion path of the laser spot based on the spot path calculation formula, and can send control commands to the first adjustment component 30 and / or the second adjustment component 40.

[0093] In this example scheme, the laser spot path calculation step also includes: Based on the motion path of the laser spot, the logic unit 52 can send control commands to the first power source 31 and / or the second power source 421 and / or the third power source 431.

[0094] In this example scheme, the laser spot path calculation step also includes: Based on the aforementioned Formula 1, logic unit 52 calculates the swing angle α of the laser spot.

[0095] For a detailed description of the formula, please refer to the previous text; it will not be repeated here.

[0096] In this example scheme, the laser spot path calculation step also includes: Based on the aforementioned Formula 2 and Formula 3, the logic unit 52 calculates the motor speed of the first power source 31 as N1 and the speed of the second transmission component 33 as N2.

[0097] For a detailed description of the formula, please refer to the previous text; it will not be repeated here.

[0098] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned laser spot initial position adjustment step further includes: Adjust the energy of the laser beam output by the laser emitter 21, and / or adjust the shape of the laser spot.

[0099] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned laser spot initial position adjustment step further includes: The output shaft 311 of the first power source 31 rotates, driving the first transmission component 32 and the second transmission component 33 to rotate. The second transmission component 33 drives the laser emitter 21 mounted thereon to rotate relative to the blade body 11, so as to adjust the position of the laser emitter 21 relative to the blade body 11.

[0100] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned laser spot initial position adjustment step further includes: The output shaft of the second power source 421 rotates, causing the base 22 connected to it to rotate, which in turn causes the laser emitter 21 to rotate, thereby changing the angle of the laser emitter 21 relative to the blade body 11.

[0101] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned laser spot initial position adjustment step further includes: The output shaft of the third power source 431 rotates, driving the second matching component connected to it to rotate. The second matching component and the first matching component 23 drive each other to drive the base 22 to move, thereby changing the distance between the laser emitter 21 and the blade body 11.

[0102] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned laser spot initial position adjustment step further includes: Position the laser spot 1cm to 2cm in front of the cutting direction of the blade 11.

[0103] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned processing steps further include: Based on the laser spot path, the output shaft 311 of the first power source 31 rotates, driving the first transmission component 32 and the second transmission component 33 to rotate. The second transmission component 33 drives the laser emitter 21 mounted thereon to rotate relative to the blade body 11, so as to adjust the position of the laser emitter 21 relative to the blade body 11.

[0104] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned processing steps further include: Based on the laser spot path, the output shaft of the second power source 421 rotates, driving the base 22 connected to it to rotate, which in turn drives the laser emitter 21 to rotate, thereby changing the angle of the laser emitter 21 relative to the blade body 11.

[0105] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned processing steps further include: Based on the laser spot path, the output shaft of the third power source 431 rotates, driving the second matching component connected to it to rotate. The second matching component and the first matching component 23 are driven to move the base 22, thereby changing the distance between the laser emitter 21 and the blade body 11.

[0106] In this example embodiment, the aforementioned processing steps further include: After processing is complete, turn off the laser-assisted processing system and remove the workpiece.

[0107] By repeating the aforementioned laser-assisted processing steps, different workpieces can be processed.

[0108] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-assisted processing system, characterized in that, include: The tool assembly (10) includes a tool body (11) for machining a workpiece, the tool body (11) being configured to have a feed rate along the surface of the workpiece. The laser assembly (20) includes a laser emitter (21) movably mounted on one side of the blade body (11). The laser emitter (21) generates a laser spot onto the surface of the workpiece to heat the workpiece before the blade body (11) processes it. The first adjustment component (30) is used to adjust the position of the laser emitter (21) relative to the blade (11) so that the laser spot is located in front of the blade (11) in the feed direction. The first adjustment component (30) and the second adjustment component (40) are used to adjust the distance between the laser emitter (21) and the cutter body (11), and / or to adjust the angle of the laser emitter (21) relative to the cutter body (11). The first adjustment component (30) cooperates with the second adjustment component (40) to enable the laser spot to move relative to the cutter body (11) so that the movement path of the laser spot can completely cover the processing area of ​​the cutter body (11).

2. The laser-assisted processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first adjustment component (30) includes a first power source (31), a first transmission component (32), and a second transmission component (33). The first transmission component (32) is mounted on the output shaft (311) of the first power source (31), and the second transmission component (33) is used to mount the laser emitter (21). The first transmission component (32) and the second transmission component (33) cooperate to adjust the position of the laser emitter (21) relative to the blade body (11).

3. The laser-assisted processing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second transmission component (33) is coaxially arranged with the blade body (11), and the laser emitter (21) is installed at one axial end of the second transmission component (33), and the central axis of the laser emitter (21) is coplanar with the central axis of the blade body (11).

4. The laser-assisted processing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tool assembly (10) includes a connecting spindle (12) for mounting the tool body (11). The first power source (31) is mounted on the connecting spindle (12) via a fixing part (34). The fixing part (34) includes a limiting member (341). The two limiting members (341) are joined together to form a first fixing space and a second fixing space. The first fixing space is used to install and fix the connecting spindle (12), and the second fixing space is used to install and fix the first power source (31).

5. The laser-assisted processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second adjustment component (40) includes a mounting base (41) and an angle adjustment component (42). The laser emitter (21) is movably mounted on the mounting base (41). The angle adjustment component (42) includes a second power source (421). The second power source (421) is mounted on one side of the mounting base (41). The output shaft of the second power source (421) is connected to the laser emitter (21) to drive the laser emitter (21) to rotate.

6. The laser-assisted processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second adjustment component (40) includes a mounting base (41) and a distance adjustment component (43). The laser emitter (21) is movably mounted on the mounting base (41). A first matching component (23) is mounted on the laser emitter (21). The distance adjustment component (43) includes a third power source (431) and a second matching component. The second matching component is connected to the output shaft of the third power source (431) and is drivenly connected to the first matching component (23) so that the laser emitter (21) moves linearly relative to the mounting base (41).

7. The laser-assisted processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a central control unit (50), which is communicatively connected to the tool assembly (10), the laser assembly (20), the first adjustment assembly (30), and the second adjustment assembly (40). The central control unit (50) includes a storage unit (51) and a logic unit (52). The storage unit (51) stores the radial dimension r1 of the tool body (11) and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot. The logic unit (52) can compare the values ​​of the radial dimension r1 of the tool body (11) and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot to calculate the motion path of the laser spot and send control commands to the first adjustment assembly (30) and / or the second adjustment assembly (40) to adjust the position of the laser emitter (21).

8. The laser-assisted processing system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The storage unit (51) stores the spot path calculation formula. Based on the judgment of the logic unit (52) that r1 > r2, the logic unit (52) calls the spot path calculation formula to calculate the motion path of the laser spot.

9. A laser-assisted processing method, characterized in that, The laser-assisted processing system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: Initial position adjustment of the tool body: Based on the position of the machining area on the workpiece, adjust the position of the tool body (11) relative to the workpiece to complete the tool setting; Laser spot path calculation: Based on the radial dimension r1 of the blade (11) and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, the motion path of the laser spot is calculated; Initial position adjustment of laser spot: The first adjustment component (30) adjusts the position of the laser emitter (21) relative to the blade (11), and / or, the second adjustment component (40) adjusts the distance between the laser emitter (21) and the blade (11), and / or, the second adjustment component (40) adjusts the angle of the laser emitter (21) relative to the blade (11), so that the laser spot is located at a certain distance in front of the blade (11) in the feed direction; Processing: Based on the calculated motion path of the laser spot, the first adjustment component (30) and / or the second adjustment component (40) adjust the position of the laser emitter (21) in real time so that the laser spot heats the workpiece in front of the feed direction of the cutter body (11), and the cutter body (11) processes the heated workpiece.

10. The laser-assisted processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The laser spot path calculation step also includes: Based on the radial dimension r1 of the blade (11), the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, and the spot path calculation formula stored in the storage unit (51), the logic unit (52) compares the values ​​of the radial dimension r1 of the blade (11) and the radial dimension r2 of the laser spot, calculates the motion path of the laser spot based on the spot path calculation formula, and can send control commands to the first adjustment component (30) and / or the second adjustment component (40).

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