Machining device for automobile transmission shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grinding devices, and discloses an automobile transmission shaft machining device which comprises a machine tool, a side plate, a clamping mechanism, an axial driving mechanism and a machining assembly. The machining assembly comprises a shell, a rotating body, a rotating driving mechanism, two sets of machining assemblies which are vertically arranged and are made of different materials, and a folding and unfolding control system used for driving the two sets of machining assemblies to alternately get close to or away from the transmission shaft; the two sets of machining assemblies are driven by the folding and unfolding control system to conduct opposite radial position switching, and rapid switching between the grinding mode and the polishing mode can be achieved. According to the device, all surface finish machining from grinding to polishing of the transmission shaft can be continuously completed in one-time clamping, the problems that in traditional multi-equipment and multi-procedure machining, the technological process is split, the repeated positioning error is large, the auxiliary time is long, and the production efficiency is low are effectively solved, and the machining precision and the technological integration degree are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding equipment technology, and more specifically to a processing device for automotive drive shafts. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing process of automotive driveshafts, grinding and polishing their outer cylindrical surfaces is a crucial finishing process. The quality of this process directly affects the surface finish (gloss), fatigue resistance, and overall service life of the driveshaft. To improve the adaptability and efficiency of grinding, various technical solutions have been developed in this field. For example, Chinese patent document CN213647088U discloses a "high-efficiency grinding device for driveshaft processing." This device mainly includes a support platform, a motor housing mounted on it, a motor shaft driven by the motor housing, and a drive gear fixed on the motor shaft. The drive gear meshes with an outer circular ring sleeve, and a spring mechanism is connected to the inner side of the outer circular ring sleeve through a fixed sleeve. One end of the spring acts on a baffle, which is connected to a slidable grinding component (such as a sliding rod and a grinding disc). Its working principle is that the compression and rebound of the spring drives the grinding component to move radially, thereby adapting to the grinding needs of driveshafts of different diameters and achieving a certain degree of versatility.

[0003] However, the aforementioned existing technologies and similar devices typically focus on optimizing a single grinding process, resulting in relatively limited functionality. In actual industrial production, to achieve the high surface quality standards (such as mirror-like gloss) specified for drive shaft products, multiple processing steps are often required, such as from grinding to polishing. Currently, the common practice is to transfer, re-clamp, and reposition the workpiece multiple times between different functional equipment or production lines. This discrete processing mode has significant drawbacks: on the one hand, the process flow is fragmented, the operation is cumbersome, and automation and continuity are poor; on the other hand, repeated loading, unloading, and handling of workpieces not only increases auxiliary time and prolongs the overall processing cycle, affecting production efficiency, but may also accumulate processing accuracy risks due to multiple positioning errors, while increasing labor and logistics costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by this application is: how to provide a device that can integrate all the key surface finishing processes of the drive shaft from grinding to polishing on one machine, and realize the automatic completion of continuous and sequential processing after the workpiece is clamped once, so as to fundamentally overcome the defects of the prior art caused by the fragmentation of the process flow, low production efficiency and difficulty in guaranteeing the processing accuracy due to the transfer of multiple equipment and repeated clamping.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a processing device for an automotive drive shaft, comprising a machine tool, side plates fixed at both ends of the machine tool and extending upward, a clamping mechanism assembled on the outside of the side plates for clamping and fixing the drive shaft, a processing column disposed between the side plates for the drive shaft to pass through, and an axial drive mechanism for driving the processing column to move axially. The processing column has two working modes: grinding and polishing, and can complete continuous surface finishing of the drive shaft from grinding to polishing in one clamping.

[0006] The machining center includes a housing connected to an axial drive mechanism, a rotating body rotatably disposed within the housing, a rotary drive mechanism mounted on the end of the housing for driving the rotating body to rotate, two sets of machining components arranged circumferentially on one side of the rotating body and vertically distributed, and a take-up and release control system mounted on the other side of the rotating body for alternately driving the two sets of machining components to move closer to or away from the drive shaft. The take-up and release control system can drive the two sets of machining components to switch opposite radial positions along the rotating body, that is, when one set of machining components radially converges, the other set of machining components simultaneously radially diverges. Since the two sets of machining components are made of different materials, a rapid conversion from grinding to polishing operations can be achieved by selectively contacting the drive shaft.

[0007] Furthermore, the end face of the rotating body is provided with an annular groove, and the inner wall of the outer shell extends out a limiting protrusion that is embedded in the annular groove. The end face of the rotating body located in the area between the annular grooves is recessed inward and fixed with a driven toothed ring for receiving the transmission torque from the rotary drive mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the rotary drive mechanism includes a cover fixed to the side wall of the outer shell, a drive gear and a rotating shaft rotatably disposed inside the cover and coaxially fixed, and a second motor assembled with the rotating shaft via a coupling; the second motor is fixed to the side wall of the cover, and the contact surface between the cover and the outer shell is connected, so that the drive gear and the driven gear ring are engaged.

[0009] Furthermore, the surface of the rotating body is provided with circumferentially distributed radial grooves, and each radial groove is rigidly fixed with symmetrically arranged straight rails on both sides; the processing components are slidably disposed in the corresponding straight rails, and include a surface treatment unit that can slide along the straight rails and a connecting arm fixed to the side wall of the surface treatment unit and moving through the radial grooves; under the drive of the take-up and release control system, the two sets of processing components can switch to opposite radial positions along the radial grooves, thereby realizing the conversion from grinding to polishing operations in the same clamping state.

[0010] Furthermore, the retraction and extension control system includes a switching cam rotatably mounted on the other side wall of the rotating body, a limiting ring for locking the switching cam, and a locking assembly for fixing the limiting ring to the side wall of the rotating body.

[0011] Furthermore, the switching cam surface is provided with two sets of guide grooves for controlling the two sets of processing components to switch opposite radial positions along the radial slide. The guide groove responsible for adjusting grinding extends clockwise from the inside to the outside, while the guide groove responsible for adjusting polishing extends counterclockwise from the inside to the outside.

[0012] Furthermore, a positioning block is fixed to the end face of the switching cam; the limiting ring can slide axially in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the rotating body, thereby separating from or fitting with the surface of the switching cam, and the inner wall of the limiting ring is provided with a first positioning hole and a second positioning hole for the positioning block to fall into; the side wall of the rotating body is provided with markings corresponding to the positions of the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole, respectively, to indicate the falling position of the positioning block.

[0013] Furthermore, the surface treatment unit includes a slider body that is slidably connected to a straight rail. The slider body has a flow channel in the middle for conveying the medium, and plug cavities are opened at its four corners around the flow channel. A grinding part extending towards the drive shaft is provided in the plug cavity. The grinding part includes a rod extending along the axial direction of the plug cavity and a contact head fixed to the end of the rod. The rod moves through the side wall of the plug cavity and extends into the cavity. A spring is also provided in the plug cavity. A plug plate that abuts against the spring is fixed to the part of the rod located in the plug cavity. A valve seat is fixed in the flow channel, and a valve core that is fixed to the plug plate and slides synchronously with it is also provided.

[0014] Furthermore, two rotary joints for conveying the medium are provided on one side of the processing component. These two rotary joints are arranged in a double-layered manner from the inside to the outside. Each rotary joint includes a rotating ring fixed on the side wall of the rotating body and a stationary ring rotatably engaged with the outside of the rotating ring. A side cover is fixedly installed on the side wall of the rotating body near the processing component, and the stationary ring is fixed inside the side cover.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer dynamic ring is connected to the flow channel of the surface treatment unit responsible for polishing via a conduit, and the outer stationary ring is connected to the oil supply source; the inner dynamic ring is connected to the flow channel of the surface treatment unit responsible for grinding via a conduit, and the inner stationary ring is connected to the heat supply source.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0017] By integrating a complete machining process from grinding to polishing into a single device, and based on the rotation angle adjustment of the switching cam and the locking cooperation of the limit ring and locking assembly, two vertically arranged machining components are driven to precisely switch radial positions along the rotating body. This allows for a rapid and reliable transition from the grinding ring layer to the polishing ring layer under the same clamping condition. This design fundamentally eliminates the cumulative errors and time losses caused by repeated workpiece transfer and repositioning in traditional multi-process machining, ensuring the continuity and consistency of the machining process. The overall device has a compact structure and simple operation, significantly improving the production efficiency and process integration of drive shaft surface finishing, and effectively overcoming the problems of process flow fragmentation, long auxiliary time, and difficulty in stable control of machining accuracy in existing technologies. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the machine tool, side plate, clamping mechanism and axial drive mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembly of the processing assembly structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell and rotating body structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating body, processing component, switching cam, limiting ring, and locking component of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Front view of the structure.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating body, processing components, and switching cam structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Front view of the structure.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating body, processing components, and rotary joint structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the processing components arranged longitudinally and laterally.

[0029] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Machine tool; 2. Side plate; 21. Operating window; 22. Through port; 3. Clamping mechanism; 31. Chuck; 32. Telescopic drive component; 33. Mounting bracket; 4. Axial drive mechanism; 41. Lead screw; 42. First motor; 43. Guide rail; 5. Machining assembly; 51. Housing; 511. Limiting convex ring; 52. Rotating body; 521. Driven gear ring; 522. Annular groove; 523. Radial slide groove; 524. Straight rail; 53. Rotary drive mechanism; 531. Cover; 532. Drive gear; 533. Rotating shaft; 534. Second motor; 54. Machining component; 541. Surface treatment unit; 5 411. Slider body; 5412. Grinding part; 54121. Rod; 54122. Contact head; 5413. Spring; 5414. Valve seat; 5415. Valve core; 5416. Compensating block; 542. Connecting arm; 55. Switching cam; 551. Guide groove; 552. Operating handle; 553. Positioning block; 56. Limiting ring; 561. First positioning hole; 562. Second positioning hole; 563. Pressure block; 57. Locking assembly; 571. Base; 572. Locking bolt; 58. Side cover; 581. Waste outlet; 59. Rotary joint; 591. Moving ring; 592. Stationary ring; 593. Conduit. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the forms of the various structures described in the following embodiments are merely illustrative. The processing device for automobile drive shafts involved in the present invention is not limited to the structures described in the following embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1, refer to Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention provides a machining device for an automotive drive shaft, including a machine tool 1, side plates 2 fixed to both ends of the machine tool 1 and extending upward, a clamping mechanism 3 assembled on the outside of the side plates 2 for clamping and fixing the drive shaft, a machining assembly 5 disposed between the side plates 2 for the drive shaft to pass through, and an axial drive mechanism 4 for driving the machining assembly 5 to move axially; wherein, the machining assembly 5 has two working modes, grinding and polishing, and can complete continuous surface finishing of the drive shaft from grinding to polishing in one clamping;

[0032] The machining assembly 5 includes a housing 51 connected to the axial drive mechanism 4, a rotating body 52 rotatably disposed within the housing 51, a rotary drive mechanism 53 mounted on the end of the housing 51 for driving the rotating body 52 to rotate, two sets of machining components 54 arranged circumferentially on one side of the rotating body 52 and vertically distributed, and a take-up and release control system mounted on the other side of the rotating body 52 for alternately driving the two sets of machining components 54 to move closer to or away from the drive shaft; the take-up and release control system can drive the two sets of machining components 54 to switch opposite radial positions along the rotating body 52, that is, when one set of machining components 54 radially converges, the other set of machining components 54 simultaneously radially diverges; since the two sets of machining components 54 are made of different materials, a rapid conversion from grinding to polishing operations can be achieved by selectively contacting the drive shaft; (Note: Each set of machining components 54 consists of two symmetrically arranged independent individuals).

[0033] In this embodiment, it should be specifically explained that the clamping mechanism 3 includes a mounting bracket 33 fixedly installed on the side wall of the side plate 2, a telescopic drive member 32 located on the outer side of the upper end of the mounting bracket 33, and a chuck 31 installed on the telescopic shaft end of the telescopic drive member 32. The side wall of the chuck 31 has circumferentially distributed slots, and the surface of the side plate 2 has prism holes for the chuck 31 to slide through axially. The two form an interlocking sliding structure, which can block the rotational resistance generated by the drive shaft during the grinding process from being transmitted to the telescopic drive member 32, thereby protecting its telescopic shaft from torsion. In addition, when the telescopic shaft of the telescopic drive member 32 drives the chuck 31 out of the prism hole, the distance between the end of the drive shaft and the corresponding side plate 2 should be at least greater than the lateral width of the machining assembly 5, so that after the machining assembly 5 is reset, the side away from it can be pulled out and removed.

[0034] The end of the chuck 31 is provided with a groove for the end of the drive shaft to be inserted. Under the action of the telescopic drive 32, the groove at the end of the chuck 31 applies an axial constraint force to the end of the drive shaft, which can ensure that the drive shaft is stably fixed at this position, thereby preventing it from rotating relative to the drive shaft during subsequent grinding or polishing.

[0035] The axial drive mechanism 4 includes a lead screw 41 rotatably mounted between the side plates 2, a first motor 42 connected to the lead screw 41 via a reducer, and a guide rail 43 fixed between the side plates 2; the base of the housing 51 is threadedly engaged with the lead screw 41 and slidably connected to the guide rail 43; the torque output by the first motor 42 is transmitted to the lead screw 41 via the reducer, driving the lead screw 41 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby driving the machining assembly 5 to move axially along the transmission shaft to complete the machining operation on the surface of the transmission shaft;

[0036] The end face of the rotating body 52 is provided with an annular groove 522, and the inner wall of the outer shell 51 extends out a limiting protrusion 511 that is embedded in the annular groove 522, so that the rotating body 52 is constrained in the outer shell 51 and can rotate around its axis; the end face of the rotating body 52 located in the region between the annular grooves 522 is recessed inward and fixed with a driven toothed ring 521 for receiving the transmission torque from the rotary drive mechanism 53.

[0037] The rotary drive mechanism 53 includes a cover 531 fixed to the side wall of the housing 51, a drive gear 532 and a rotating shaft 533 rotatably disposed inside the cover 531 and coaxially fixed, and a second motor 534 assembled with the rotating shaft 533 via a coupling; the second motor 534 is fixed to the side wall of the cover 531, and the contact surface between the cover 531 and the housing 51 is connected, so that the drive gear 532 and the driven gear ring 521 are kept meshed; the torque output by the second motor 534 can be transmitted to the rotating body 52 in sequence through the rotating shaft 533 and the drive gear 532, driving the rotating body 52 to rotate along the inner wall of the housing 51, thereby driving the processing component 54 to perform corresponding processing actions on the surface of the transmission shaft;

[0038] The surface of the rotating body 52 is provided with radially evenly distributed grooves 523, and each radial groove 523 is rigidly fixed on both sides with symmetrically arranged straight rails 524; the processing component 54 is slidably disposed in the corresponding straight rail 524, and includes a surface treatment unit 541 that can slide along the straight rail 524 and a connecting arm 542 fixed to the side wall of the surface treatment unit 541 and moving through the radial groove 523; under the drive of the take-up and put-down control system, the two sets of processing components 54 can switch radial positions in opposite directions along the radial groove 523, thereby realizing the conversion from grinding to polishing operation in the same clamping state; the surface treatment units 541 in the two sets of processing components 54 have different functions due to different materials, one set is used for grinding, and the other set is dedicated to polishing;

[0039] The take-up and take-down control system includes a switching cam 55 rotatably mounted on the other side wall of the rotating body 52, a limiting ring 56 for locking the switching cam 55, and a locking assembly 57 for fixing the limiting ring 56 to the side wall of the rotating body 52.

[0040] The switching cam 55 has two sets of guide grooves 551 on its surface for controlling the opposite radial position switching of the two sets of processing components 54 along the radial slide 523 (Note: each set of guide grooves 551 consists of two independent individuals arranged symmetrically in a central direction). Specifically, the guide groove 551 responsible for adjusting grinding extends clockwise from the inside out, while the guide groove 551 responsible for adjusting polishing extends counterclockwise from the inside out. When the switching cam 55 rotates clockwise, a set of symmetrically arranged connecting arms 542 moves in opposite directions under the guidance of the corresponding guide groove 551, that is, slides to the outermost end of the radial slide 523, so that the surface treatment unit 541 of this set moves away from the drive shaft; at the same time, another set of symmetrical connecting arms 542 moves towards each other under the guidance of the corresponding guide groove 551, that is, slides to the innermost end of the radial slide 523, so that the surface treatment unit 541 of this set fits against the drive shaft, forming a grinding ring layer; Figure 6 As shown;

[0041] The switching cam 55 has an operating handle 552 fixedly mounted at its center. By rotating the operating handle 552, the operator can drive the switching cam 55 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise along the inner wall of the rotating body 52, thereby directly controlling the radial displacement of the machining assembly 54. In addition, the side wall of the side plate 2 is provided with an operating window 21 so that when the machining assembly 5 moves close to the side plate 2, the operator can still operate the operating handle 552 through the operating window 21.

[0042] A positioning block 553 is fixed to the end face of the switching cam 55; a limiting ring 56 can slide axially in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the rotating body 52, thereby separating from or engaging with the surface of the switching cam 55, and the inner wall of the limiting ring 56 is provided with a first positioning hole 561 and a second positioning hole 562 for the positioning block 553 to fall into; the side wall of the rotating body 52 is provided with markings corresponding to the positions of the first positioning hole 561 and the second positioning hole 562, respectively, to indicate the falling position of the positioning block 553; by rotating the switching cam 55 counterclockwise, the positioning block 553 can be rotated from the marking position corresponding to the first positioning hole 561 on the side wall of the rotating body 52 to the marking position corresponding to the second positioning hole 562; at this time, the limiting ring 56 is pushed back to one side of the rotating body 52, so that the positioning block 553 falls into the second positioning hole 562, and the limiting ring 56 is fixed to the front side wall of the rotating body 52 by the locking assembly 57; thus completing the angle adjustment and fixing of the switching cam 55.

[0043] A pressure block 563 is fixed to the outside of the limiting ring 56. The locking assembly 57 acts on the pressure block 563 to fix or separate the limiting ring 56 from the rotating body 52. ​​The locking assembly 57 includes a base 571 fixed to the side wall of the rotating body 52 and extending axially. The base 571 does not contact the outer shell 51. A locking bolt 572 that passes through the pressure block 563 is threaded inside the base 571. The limiting ring 56 can be pressed against the side wall of the rotating body 52 by tightening the locking bolt 572. This structure can also be replaced by other detachable connection methods with equivalent functions.

[0044] In Example 2, based on Example 1, to improve the grinding and polishing effect of the device on the drive shaft, the structure of the surface treatment unit 541 needs further optimization. Specifically, referring to... Figures 10 to 11 As shown, the surface treatment unit 541 includes a slider body 5411 slidably connected to the straight rail 524. The slider body 5411 has a flow channel for conveying the medium in the middle, and plug cavities are opened at its four corners around the flow channel. A grinding part 5412 extending towards the drive shaft is provided in the plug cavity. The grinding part 5412 includes a rod 54121 extending along the axial direction of the plug cavity and a contact head 54122 fixed to the end of the rod 54121. The rod 54121 moves through the side wall of the plug cavity and extends into the cavity. A spring 5413 is also provided in the plug cavity. The part of the rod 54121 located in the plug cavity is fixed with a plug piece that abuts against the spring 5413. A valve seat 5414 is fixed in the flow channel, and a valve core 5415 is fixed with the plug piece and slides synchronously with it. (Note: A through groove is opened between the flow channel and the plug cavity for the valve core 5415 to slide).

[0045] During operation, when the surface treatment unit 541 separates outward, the contact head 54122 disengages from the contact stop with the drive shaft. At this time, the elastic restoring force of the spring 5413 acts on the plug, pushing the grinding part 5412 outward and causing the valve core 5415 to move synchronously away from the valve seat 5414, thereby opening the flow channel and allowing the medium to be ejected onto the surface of the drive shaft. Conversely, when the surface treatment unit 541 converges inward, the contact head 54122 contacts the drive shaft, and the spring 5413 is compressed through the rod 54121 and the plug, causing the valve core 5415 to press against the valve seat 5414, thus closing the flow channel. Through this structure, the two sets of slider bodies 5411 responsible for grinding and polishing can achieve alternating single flow control.

[0046] A gap is provided between the valve seat 5414 and the inner wall of the flow channel for the medium to pass through, and the sealing edge width of the valve core 5415 is at least sufficient to cover and seal the gap.

[0047] The surface of the contact head 54122 is provided with an opening for the medium to pass through. The port of the flow channel is equipped with a compensation block 5416 that can be embedded in the opening, and the curvature of the compensation block 5416 is adapted to the contact head 54122. So that when the grinding part 5412 is close to the drive shaft and retracts inward to the limit position, it can overlap with the compensation block 5416 to form a complete arc surface.

[0048] Two rotary joints 59 for conveying media are also provided on one side of the processing component 54. These two rotary joints 59 are arranged in a double-layered manner from the inside to the outside. Each rotary joint 59 includes a moving ring 591 fixed on the side wall of the rotating body 52 and a stationary ring 592 rotatably engaged with the outside of the moving ring 591. A side cover 58 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the rotating body 52 near the processing component 54, and the stationary ring 592 is fixed inside the side cover 58. This structure can achieve the function of conveying media while avoiding motion interference and ensuring that the rotational movement of the rotating body 52 is not hindered.

[0049] The outer dynamic ring 591 is connected to the flow channel of the surface treatment unit 541 responsible for polishing via the conduit 593 connected thereto, and the outer static ring 592 is connected to the oil supply source.

[0050] The inner dynamic ring 591 is connected to the flow channel of the surface treatment unit 541 responsible for polishing via the conduit 593 connected thereto, and the inner static ring 592 is connected to the heat supply source.

[0051] Note: As shown in the figure Figure 4 or Figure 10 For example, the processing component 54 responsible for polishing is arranged symmetrically from top to bottom, while the processing component 54 responsible for grinding is arranged symmetrically from left to right. This allows the processing component 54 arranged symmetrically from left to right to grind against the drive shaft, while the processing component 54 arranged symmetrically from top to bottom opens its flow channel to perform oil spraying lubrication. Conversely, when the processing component 54 arranged symmetrically from top to bottom is arranged symmetrically against the drive shaft for polishing, the processing component 54 arranged symmetrically from left to right opens its flow channel to supply heat flow, thereby accelerating surface drying.

[0052] The bottom end of the side cover 58 away from the outer shell 51 is fixed with a waste outlet 581 for discharging waste. The waste outlet 581 can be connected to an external recycling device. The side wall of the side plate 2 is provided with a through opening 22 so that the waste outlet 581 can be connected to the recycling device through a pipeline.

[0053] The materials used for the contact head 54122 are different; Grinding: The purpose is to quickly remove material, level, and remove scratches; hard abrasives with sharp cutting force are selected; Polishing: The purpose is to obtain a smooth, bright, or even mirror-like effect; soft, fine media with grinding and finishing properties are selected;

[0054] like Figure 3As shown, the rotating body 52, the switching cam 55 and the side cover 58 are coaxially arranged, and each of the three has a through hole in its center for the drive shaft to pass through.

[0055] Working principle of this invention (integrated processing of drive shaft from grinding to polishing):

[0056] Shaft mounting: First, the drive shaft to be processed is placed horizontally in the processing area through the processing assembly 5. By controlling the extension shaft of the telescopic drive 32 to extend, the chuck 31 is moved towards the center of the processing device, so that the chuck 31 slides axially along the rib hole on the side wall of the side plate 2 and approaches the end of the drive shaft until the groove at the end of the chuck 31 abuts against the end of the drive shaft, thereby completing the positioning and clamping of the drive shaft; (Note: The groove at the end of the chuck 31 applies an axial constraint force to the end of the drive shaft, which can ensure that the drive shaft is stably fixed in this position, thereby preventing relative rotation during subsequent grinding or polishing).

[0057] Grinding: Subsequently, the operator adjusts the rotation angle of the switching cam 55 to align the positioning block 553 with the mark on the side wall of the rotating body 52 corresponding to the first positioning hole 561, thus completing the position calibration of the positioning block 553 and the first positioning hole 561; then, the limiting ring 56 is pushed towards one side of the rotating body 52, causing the positioning block 553 to fall into the first positioning hole 561, and the limiting ring 56 is fixed to the front side wall of the rotating body 52 by the locking assembly 57, thereby constraining the rotation angle of the switching cam 55; at this time, a set of symmetrically arranged connecting arms 542 move in opposite directions under the guidance of the corresponding guide groove 551, that is, slide to the radial slide groove. At the outermost end of 523, the surface treatment unit 541 of this group is moved away from the drive shaft; at the same time, another set of symmetrical connecting arms 542 moves towards each other under the guidance of the corresponding guide groove 551, that is, slides to the innermost end of the radial groove 523, so that the surface treatment unit 541 of this group fits against the drive shaft to form a grinding ring layer; subsequently, under the drive of the rotary drive mechanism 53, the rotating body 52 can rotate along the inner wall of the outer shell 51, and cooperate with the grinding ring layer to realize the grinding operation on the periphery of the drive shaft; further, under the drive of the axial drive mechanism 4, the machining assembly 5 can perform linear displacement, thereby completing the comprehensive grinding treatment of the outer surface of the drive shaft;

[0058] Polishing: Next, the operator can pull the limiting ring 56 away from the rotating body 52 by unlocking the locking assembly 57, so that the positioning block 553 is released from the constraint of the first positioning hole 561; then, by rotating the operating handle 552, the switching cam 55 is rotated counterclockwise until the positioning block 553 rotates from the position corresponding to the mark of the first positioning hole 561 on the side wall of the rotating body 52 to the position corresponding to the mark of the second positioning hole 562; at this time, the limiting ring 56 is pushed back to the side of the rotating body 52, so that the positioning block 553 falls into the second positioning hole 562, and the limiting ring 56 is fixed to the front side wall of the rotating body 52 by locking the locking assembly 57, thereby realizing the rotation angle of the switching cam 55. The degree of constraint and fixation is further strengthened; during this process, a set of connecting arms 542 that originally extended to the outermost end of the radial groove 523 moves towards each other under the guidance of the corresponding guide groove 551, so that the corresponding surface treatment unit 541 fits against the drive shaft to form a polishing ring layer; at the same time, a set of connecting arms 542 that originally converged to the innermost end of the radial groove 523 moves away from each other under the guidance of the corresponding guide groove 551, so that the corresponding surface treatment unit 541 moves away from the drive shaft; thus, a rapid and smooth switch from grinding mode to polishing mode is completed; (Note: the driving method of the polishing process is the same as that of the aforementioned grinding process, that is, the polishing operation on the surface of the drive shaft is completed through the same driving mechanism and execution method).

[0059] Shaft removal: After the processing (from grinding to polishing) is completed, the drive shaft is disassembled and removed in the reverse order of the shaft installation steps.

[0060] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, in accordance with the technical plan and its improved concept, should be included under the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A machining apparatus for an automotive drive shaft, comprising a machine tool (1), side plates (2) fixed to both ends of the machine tool (1) and extending upward, a clamping mechanism (3) mounted on the outside of the side plates (2) for clamping and fixing the drive shaft, a machining column (5) disposed between the side plates (2) for the drive shaft to pass through, and an axial drive mechanism (4) for driving the machining column (5) to move axially, characterized in that: The machining president (5) has two working modes: grinding and polishing. It can complete the continuous surface finishing of the drive shaft from grinding to polishing in one clamping. The machining unit (5) includes a housing (51) that is connected to the axial drive mechanism (4), a rotating body (52) that is rotatably disposed in the housing (51), a rotary drive mechanism (53) installed on the end side of the housing (51) for driving the rotating body (52) to rotate, two sets of machining components (54) arranged circumferentially on one side of the rotating body (52) and vertically distributed, and a take-up and release control system installed on the other side of the rotating body (52) for alternately driving the two sets of machining components (54) to approach or move away from the drive shaft; the take-up and release control system can drive the two sets of machining components (54) to switch opposite radial positions along the rotating body (52), that is, when one set of machining components (54) radially converges, the other set of machining components (54) synchronously radially diverges; since the two sets of machining components (54) are made of different materials, a rapid conversion from grinding to polishing can be achieved by selectively contacting the drive shaft.

2. The processing device for automobile drive shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end face of the rotating body (52) is provided with an annular groove (522), and the inner wall of the outer shell (51) extends out a limiting protrusion (511) that is embedded in the annular groove (522). The end face of the rotating body (52) located in the area between the annular grooves (522) is recessed inward and fixed with a driven toothed ring (521) for receiving the transmission torque from the rotary drive mechanism (53).

3. The processing apparatus for automobile drive shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism (53) includes a cover (531) fixed to the side wall of the outer shell (51), a drive gear (532) and a rotating shaft (533) rotatably disposed inside the cover (531) and coaxially fixed, and a second motor (534) assembled with the rotating shaft (533) via a coupling; the second motor (534) is fixed to the side wall of the cover (531), and the contact surface of the cover (531) and the outer shell (51) is connected, so that the drive gear (532) and the driven gear ring (521) are engaged.

4. The processing apparatus for automobile drive shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the rotating body (52) is provided with radial grooves (523) evenly distributed in the circumference. Each radial groove (523) has a symmetrically arranged straight rail (524) rigidly fixed on both sides. The processing component (54) is slidably disposed in the corresponding straight rail (524) and includes a surface treatment unit (541) that can slide along the straight rail (524) and a connecting arm (542) fixed to the side wall of the surface treatment unit (541) and moving through the radial groove (523). Under the drive of the take-up and put-down control system, the two sets of processing components (54) can switch to opposite radial positions along the radial groove (523), thereby realizing the conversion from grinding to polishing operation in the same clamping state.

5. The processing apparatus for automobile drive shafts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The take-up and take-down control system includes a switching cam (55) rotatably mounted on the other side wall of the rotating body (52), a limiting ring (56) for locking the switching cam (55), and a locking assembly (57) for fixing the limiting ring (56) to the side wall of the rotating body (52).

6. The processing apparatus for automobile drive shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The switching cam (55) has two sets of guide grooves (551) on its surface for controlling the two sets of processing components (54) to switch in opposite radial positions along the radial slide (523). The guide groove (551) responsible for adjusting grinding extends clockwise from the inside out, while the guide groove (551) responsible for adjusting polishing extends counterclockwise from the inside out.

7. The processing apparatus for automobile drive shafts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end face of the switching cam (55) is fixed with a positioning block (553); the limiting ring (56) can slide axially in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the rotating body (52) so as to separate or fit with the surface of the switching cam (55), and the inner wall of the limiting ring (56) is provided with a first positioning hole (561) and a second positioning hole (562) for the positioning block (553) to fall into; the side wall of the rotating body (52) is provided with markings corresponding to the positions of the first positioning hole (561) and the second positioning hole (562) respectively, which are used to indicate the falling position of the positioning block (553).

8. The processing apparatus for automotive drive shafts according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that: The surface treatment unit (541) includes a slider body (5411) slidably connected to a straight rail (524). The slider body (5411) has a flow channel for conveying the medium in the middle, and plug cavities located around the flow channel are opened at its four corners. A grinding part (5412) extending towards the drive shaft is provided in the plug cavity. The grinding part (5412) includes a rod (54121) extending along the axial direction of the plug cavity and a contact head (54122) fixed to the end of the rod (54121). The rod (54121) moves through the side wall of the plug cavity and extends into the cavity. A spring (5413) is also provided in the plug cavity. The part of the rod (54121) located in the plug cavity is fixed with a plug piece that abuts against the spring (5413). A valve seat (5414) is fixed in the flow channel, and a valve core (5415) is fixed with the plug piece and slides synchronously with it.

9. The processing apparatus for automobile drive shafts according to claim 8, characterized in that: Two rotary joints (59) for conveying media are also provided on one side of the processing assembly (54). The two rotary joints (59) are arranged in a double-layered manner from the inside to the outside. Each rotary joint (59) includes a moving ring (591) fixed on the side wall of the rotating body (52) and a stationary ring (592) rotatably engaged with the outside of the moving ring (591). A side cover (58) is fixedly installed on the side wall of the rotating body (52) near the processing assembly (54), and the stationary ring (592) is fixed inside the side cover (58).

10. The processing apparatus for automobile drive shafts according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer dynamic ring (591) is connected to the flow channel of the surface treatment unit (541) responsible for polishing through the conduit (593) connected thereto, and the outer stationary ring (592) is connected to the oil supply source; the inner dynamic ring (591) is connected to the flow channel of the surface treatment unit (541) responsible for grinding through the conduit (593) connected thereto, and the inner stationary ring (592) is connected to the heat supply source.

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