Self-screening concentration continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-screening concentration continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor and a control method thereof. The sludge reactor comprises an anaerobic tank, an aeration tank, an aeration concentration tank, a sludge separator, a secondary sedimentation tank and a reactor control system, the control method specifically comprises four steps. According to the reactor and the control method thereof disclosed by the invention, a set of intelligent monitoring-prediction-control reactor control system is constructed and is used for realizing screening of aerobic granular sludge in a sludge separator, so that the aerobic granular sludge is separated from flocculent sludge more efficiently and accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] The activated sludge process is one of the most widely used technologies in urban wastewater treatment. Since its invention by British scientists Arden and Lockett in 1914, it has become the mainstream process for treating urban wastewater. This technology degrades organic pollutants in wastewater through a microbial community (activated sludge). Its basic process includes zones with different dissolved oxygen concentrations to provide a suitable biochemical reaction environment, a secondary sedimentation tank for sludge-water separation, a sludge return system to maintain biomass balance, and a waste sludge discharge system. Over its more than 100-year development history, the activated sludge process has evolved from simple organic matter removal to highly efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal to meet increasingly stringent water quality discharge standards. In recent years, the problem of excessive total nitrogen concentrations has frequently occurred, and traditional processes are gradually becoming unable to meet increasingly stringent discharge standards.

[0003] Aerobic granular sludge is a granular bioaggregate formed by microorganisms through self-aggregation under specific conditions. Compared with traditional flocculent activated sludge, aerobic granular sludge has a regular appearance, dense structure, and excellent settling performance. The granular sludge is composed of aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and anaerobic microorganisms distributed in layers. This structure provides an ideal microenvironment for simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal. Furthermore, continuous flow aerobic granular sludge technology is more suitable for in-situ upgrading and expansion of existing wastewater treatment plants, and has enormous application potential.

[0004] Currently, the application of aerobic granular sludge technology in practical engineering mainly relies on sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). SBRs create the selectivity required for aerobic granular sludge formation through time-series operational control. An SBR is an intermittently operating activated sludge treatment system that integrates processes such as aeration, sedimentation, and effluent—which are performed in different structures in traditional continuous flow processes—into a single reaction tank, performing them periodically in chronological order. A complete SBR operating cycle typically includes five stages: influent, aeration, sedimentation, effluent, and idle. While SBRs have achieved success in aerobic granular sludge cultivation, their intermittent operation mode also has some inherent limitations. Furthermore, SBRs have low reactor volume utilization because the reactor needs to perform multiple functions sequentially within the same cycle. Moreover, the discontinuous effluent characteristics require subsequent treatment units to have large buffer capacities, and series connection with traditional continuous flow treatment processes is difficult. These limitations have prompted researchers to explore technical pathways for cultivating and applying aerobic granular sludge in a continuous flow mode.

[0005] Continuous flow aerobic granular sludge treatment technology is still in the research and development stage. While there are many research directions, there are few engineering application cases. This technology still needs further optimization to improve sludge screening and separation efficiency, thereby further improving treatment effectiveness, reducing energy consumption, and solving the transformation challenges from small-scale to pilot-scale production to engineering application. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To explore the engineering application of continuous flow aerobic granular sludge treatment technology and improve the screening and separation efficiency of aerobic granular sludge (also known as granular sludge) in this technology, this invention provides a self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor and its control method. The specific technical solution is as follows: This invention discloses a self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor, comprising an anaerobic tank, an aeration tank, an aeration thickening tank, a sludge separator, a secondary sedimentation tank, and a reactor control system; the anaerobic tank, aeration tank, aeration thickening tank, sludge separator, and secondary sedimentation tank are connected in sequence, and the sludge separator is disposed inside the aeration thickening tank; The aeration thickener includes a first sludge return system, which comprises a first sludge return pipe and an air pipe. The two ends of the first sludge return pipe are connected to the bottom of the aeration thickener and the anaerobic tank, respectively. A first valve is installed on the air pipe. The sludge separator includes a sludge separator inlet system and a sludge separator outlet system. The sludge separator has a sludge separator outlet. The sludge separator inlet system includes a water distribution tank, a separator air pipe, and an inlet rectifier plate. A second valve is installed on the separator air pipe and connected to the separator blower. The sludge separator outlet system includes an outlet tank and a sludge separator outlet pipe. The secondary sedimentation tank includes a second sludge return system and a waste sludge discharge system. The second sludge return system includes a second sludge return pipe and a second sludge return pump. The two ends of the second sludge return pipe are respectively connected to the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank and the aeration tank. The second sludge return pump is installed on the second sludge return pipe. The waste sludge discharge system includes a waste sludge discharge pump and a waste sludge discharge pipe. The two ends of the waste sludge discharge pipe are respectively connected to the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank and the sludge dewatering room; the waste sludge discharge pump is installed on the waste sludge discharge pipe. The reactor control system includes a monitoring system and an intelligent control system. The monitoring system is installed at the anaerobic tank, aeration tank, aeration thickening tank, sludge separator and secondary sedimentation tank. The intelligent control system makes judgments based on the data detected by the monitoring system and adjusts the opening and closing of the first valve and the second valve and the opening and closing size of the valve according to the judgment results, and adjusts the opening and closing and pump frequency of the second sludge return pump and the excess sludge discharge pump.

[0007] Preferably, the upper part of the sludge separator is a rectangular box, and the bottom of the sludge separator tapers to form the sludge separator outlet.

[0008] Preferably, the anaerobic tank includes an anaerobic tank body and a first stirrer; The aeration tank includes an aeration tank body and a first aeration system. The first aeration system includes a first aeration pipe and a first aeration disc. The first aeration pipe is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank body, and the first aeration disc is installed on the first aeration pipe. The aeration thickener also includes an aeration thickener body and a second aeration system. The second aeration system includes a second aeration pipe and a second aeration disc. The second aeration disc is installed on the second aeration pipe, and the second aeration system is arranged at the bottom of the aeration thickener.

[0009] Preferably, the secondary sedimentation tank has a secondary sedimentation tank outlet pipe, which is used to discharge the supernatant from the secondary sedimentation tank.

[0010] Preferably, the monitoring system includes a suspended solids concentration meter, an electromagnetic flow meter, a dissolved oxygen meter, a sludge concentration meter, an oxidation-reduction potential meter, an ammonia nitrogen / nitrate analyzer, a total nitrogen analyzer, an ammonia nitrogen meter, a chemical oxygen demand meter, and a laser particle size analyzer.

[0011] Furthermore, this invention discloses a control method for a self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor, which is used to control the self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor as described above, comprising the following steps: S1 utilizes a monitoring system to continuously acquire past operational characteristic data of the sludge reactor; S2 Input the past operating feature data of the sludge reactor into a pre-trained support vector machine model based on the improved sigmoid function to obtain the classification judgment result of the predicted future operating state of the sludge reactor; S3 Based on the classification judgment result and combined with the preset control rules, generate control instructions for at least one operating parameter of the sludge reactor; S4. Adjust the corresponding operating parameters of the sludge reactor according to the control command.

[0012] Preferably, before step S2, a training step is included for a support vector machine model based on an improved sigmoid function. This training step yields a pre-trained support vector machine model based on the improved sigmoid function, wherein the support vector machine model is:

[0013] in, As input to the support vector machine model, The final output of the support vector machine model, Represents a symbolic function. Represents the natural exponential function. For the logarithm of the empirical data, for The first in the empirical data right, To iteratively determine the normal vector parameters of the support vector machine model, for The Each component, To iteratively obtain the intercept parameter value for the support vector machine model, For the next iteration of the Gaussian kernel function parameters, , This represents the number of iterations.

[0014] Preferably, the training steps for the support vector machine model based on the improved sigmoid function include: (1) Determine the relevant aspects of the sludge reactor A past operating characteristic, making This means The values ​​of past operating features, which are also the inputs to the support vector machine model. for 3D real space; (2) Determine the relevant aspects of the sludge reactor One future operating state category; (3) Design the following improved sigmoid function:

[0015] in, To improve the sigmoid function, To improve the input of the sigmoid function, It is a natural constant. To improve the parameters of the sigmoid function; (4) Based on the Gaussian kernel function and the improved sigmoid function, a support vector machine model training algorithm is designed. The first in the category Class and First kind, Training is performed separately; subsequently, the classification judgment result of the predicted future operating state of the sludge reactor can be obtained.

[0016] Preferably, the classification results of the predicted future operating status of the sludge reactor include: Category 1, Ideal Screening: The sludge reactor operates while simultaneously meeting the following conditions: the ratio of sludge concentration in the upper part to that in the lower part of the sludge separator is <0.3; the effluent concentration of the sludge separator is <300 mg / L; and the sludge concentration in the aeration thickener is stable with no continuous decreasing trend. Category 2, Inadequate Screening: The sludge reactor operates while meeting any of the following conditions: the ratio of sludge concentration in the upper part to that in the lower part of the sludge separator is >0.7, and the concentration in the lower part continues to rise for >4 hours; the influent flow rate of the sludge separator is lower than 80% of the flow rate corresponding to the design surface load. Category 3, Over-screening: This refers to the sludge reactor operating simultaneously meeting the following conditions: sludge concentration in the aeration thickener continuously decreases for >72 hours, with a daily decrease of >3%, and no increase in sludge discharge; intermittent spikes occur in the effluent concentration of the sludge separator, i.e., the peak value is >2 times the normal value; or the influent flow rate of the sludge separator is higher than 120% of the flow rate corresponding to the design surface load. Category 4, Impacted: This refers to the sludge reactor operating under any of the following conditions: the sludge separator influent flow rate changes by more than 30% within 10 minutes, and the concentration in the upper and lower parts of the sludge separator fluctuates violently and synchronously, with a fluctuation range of more than 20%; the sludge separator effluent concentration spikes briefly, i.e., the peak value is more than 3 times the normal value.

[0017] Preferably, S3 and S4 are as follows: When the classification result of the predicted future operating status of the sludge reactor is: In Category 1, the control rule is: maintain the current operating parameters; the control instructions are: the opening and closing degrees of the first and second valves remain unchanged, the operating frequency of the separator blower remains unchanged, and the pump frequencies of the second sludge return pump and the excess sludge discharge pump remain unchanged. For Category 2, the control rules are: increase the upward flow velocity of the sludge separator; the control commands are: open the second valve by 5%-10%; increase the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-10%; open the first valve by 5%-10%. For Category 3, the control rules are: reduce the upward flow velocity of the sludge separator; the control commands are: close the second valve slightly, reducing the opening by 5%-15%; reduce the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-15%; increase the pump frequency of the second sludge return pump by 5%-10%. In Category 4, the control rules are: enter the anti-impact protection mode; the control commands are: reduce the opening of the second valve by 10%-15%; reduce the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-15%; and close the first valve, the second sludge return pump, and the residual sludge discharge pump.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The anaerobic tank, aeration tank, and aeration thickening tank of the present invention are arranged in series. The resulting alternating states of starvation and abundance are the key inducing factors for the formation of aerobic granular sludge. The anaerobic tank serves as the "abundant area", the aeration tank serves as the "sub-starvation area", and the aeration thickening tank serves as the "starvation area". The two series-connected aerobic zones can form an obvious substrate gradient, strengthening the aerobic starvation environment, which leads to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell surface, prompting microorganisms to secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Coupled with the shearing effect of the internal hydraulic flow pattern in the sludge separator, it helps the aerobic granular sludge to become more compact and mature.

[0019] 2. In the present invention, the sludge separator uses the air-lift method to force the influent, forming a circulating flow inside the sludge separator to avoid directly entering through the granular discharge port. In addition, the sludge separators are arranged symmetrically, and a concave-shaped water distribution tank is used to evenly distribute the water. The influent flow rate is controlled by adjusting the gas flow rate of the air compression pipe.

[0020] 3. In the present invention, an unsealed sludge separator is provided in the aeration thickening tank. The main function of the sludge separator is to separate (aerobic) granular sludge and flocculent sludge. The separated flocculent sludge is discharged from the biochemical tank to the secondary sedimentation tank through the effluent tank. The granular sludge precipitates to the lower part of the sludge separator and then falls back to the aeration thickening tank through the granular sludge discharge port at its lower part. The granular sludge discharge port at the lower end of the sludge separator is designed in an inverted "factory" shape, which not only avoids the disturbance and damage of the granular sludge in the sludge hopper by the aeration bubbles but also accelerates the sedimentation of large granular sludge.

[0021] 4. The present invention constructs a set of "intelligent monitoring - prediction - control" reactor control system for realizing the screening of aerobic granular sludge in the sludge separator, enabling the more efficient and precise separation of aerobic granular sludge from flocculent sludge (i.e., light sludge). Thus, a leap from "manual experience control" to "data intelligent prediction and automatic control" of the sludge reactor is achieved, greatly improving the stability and separation efficiency of the sludge reactor. In addition, the present invention simulates the process of an expert judging the particle state by looking at a microscope through the reactor control system, enabling unmanned monitoring of the sludge reactor for 7×24 hours. When water quality and water volume shocks occur, the reactor control system of the present invention can predict system anomalies (such as abnormal patterns in the combination of characteristic parameters) earlier than the control system with fixed parameters and make adjustments in advance to prevent (or minimize) the loss of granular sludge. At the same time, the reactor control system of the present invention can find the lowest air-lift energy consumption point under the condition of ensuring the screening effect, realizing energy-saving operation. During the long-term operation of the reactor, the reactor control system of the present invention can analyze which operating parameters (such as DO, reflux ratio, etc.) are most strongly correlated with the granulation degree, providing data support for subsequent process optimization, improving the intelligent operation efficiency of the system, and avoiding the inefficiency caused by manual operation.

[0022] 5. This invention utilizes an aeration thickener for sludge thickening, eliminating the need for a separate sludge separator. Traditional sealed-bottom sludge separators experience sludge buildup during water surges, causing granular sludge to be lifted out of the biological tank, resulting in sludge loss. In contrast, the open-bottom sludge separator used in this invention does not form a sludge layer during predicted water surges, preventing sludge lift and granular sludge loss. The granular sludge falls into the aeration thickener, resulting in higher sludge concentration and greater shock resistance. Aerobic granular sludge is returned from the aeration thickener to the anaerobic tank; regardless of the number of sludge separators, only one granular sludge return pipe is needed. The granular sludge is returned via airlift, minimizing disturbance and maintaining granular integrity.

[0023] 6. This invention does not include nitrification liquid recirculation, but only sludge recirculation. The sludge recirculation is divided into two paths: one path (i.e., the first recirculated sludge) is returned from the aeration thickener to the anaerobic tank, so that the granular sludge in the aeration thickener can fully contact the organic matter in the influent to release phosphorus, which is conducive to the enrichment of polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria and polysaccharide-accumulating bacteria and promotes the formation of aerobic particles; the other path (i.e., the second recirculated sludge) is returned from the secondary sedimentation tank to the front end of the aeration tank to replenish the sludge concentration. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor control system of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control method for the self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] Please see first. Figure 1This invention discloses a self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor, which includes an anaerobic tank 1, an aeration tank 2, an aeration thickening tank 3, a secondary sedimentation tank 4, and a reactor control system 6. The aeration thickening tank 3 is equipped with a sludge separator 5.

[0028] Anaerobic tank 1 includes the anaerobic tank body and a first agitator 12. The anaerobic tank body is usually rectangular, but other shapes may be used depending on the application conditions. The flow pattern in anaerobic tank 1 is a completely mixed flow pattern. Pretreated wastewater enters the anaerobic tank body through the anaerobic tank inlet pipe 13. Anaerobic tank 1 and aeration tank 2 share a common sidewall (i.e., the anaerobic tank and aeration tank share a common wall), and a water passage 11 is provided on this common wall, through which anaerobic tank 1 and aeration tank 2 are connected.

[0029] The first agitator 12 can be selected from any type of agitator as needed, but a low-speed agitator is preferred. This provides the agitation power for thorough mixing of the return sludge and the influent, while also preventing damage to the granular sludge during high-speed agitation. In actual use, the user can install one or more agitators depending on the type and capacity of the anaerobic tank 1. This invention uses a single agitator as an example.

[0030] Aeration tank 2 includes an aeration tank body and a first aeration system. The aeration tank body adopts a plug flow pattern, enabling simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The aeration tank body is typically rectangular, but its shape can be adjusted as needed. The first aeration system includes a first aeration pipe 22 and a first aeration disc 23. The first aeration pipe 22 is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank body, and the first aeration disc 23 is installed on the first aeration pipe 22. One end of the first aeration pipe 22 is connected to a blower.

[0031] The influent of aeration tank 2 is introduced through a water passage 21 on the same wall as anaerobic tank 1, and the effluent of aeration tank 2 flows out through a water passage 21 on the same wall as aeration thickening tank 3 at the end of aeration tank 2, and the effluent of aeration tank enters aeration thickening tank 3.

[0032] The aeration thickener 3 includes the aeration thickener body, the second aeration system, and the first sludge return system.

[0033] The aeration thickener is generally rectangular. The influent to the aeration thickener is introduced through a water passage on the same wall as the aeration tank. The effluent from the aeration thickener 3 enters the sludge separator 5.

[0034] The second aeration system includes a second aeration pipe 32 and a second aeration disc 33. The second aeration disc 33 is installed on the second aeration pipe 32. The second aeration system is arranged at the bottom of the aeration thickening tank 3. The other end of the second aeration pipe 32 is connected to the aeration thickening tank 3 and a blower.

[0035] The first sludge return system includes a first sludge return pipe 341 and an air pipe. One end of the first sludge return pipe 341 is connected to the bottom of the aeration thickener 3, and the other end is connected to the anaerobic tank 1. One end of the air pipe is connected to a blower, and the other end is connected to a 1.5-2.0m vertical section of the first sludge return pipe 341 underwater. A first valve 342 is installed on the air pipe. The air pipe is connected to the first sludge return pipe 341, and the air lift return flow rate can be adjusted by opening and closing the first valve 342, thereby controlling the amount of first returned sludge passing through the first sludge return pipe 341.

[0036] Secondary sedimentation tank 4 includes the secondary sedimentation tank body, secondary sedimentation tank outlet pipe 41, second sludge return system and excess sludge discharge system.

[0037] The secondary sedimentation tank is cylindrical. An annular outlet trough 42 is provided on the upper part of the inner wall of the secondary sedimentation tank 4, and a sludge scraper is provided in the middle of the secondary sedimentation tank 4.

[0038] The inlet water of the secondary sedimentation tank is connected to the outlet water pipe 532 of the sludge separator. The effluent from the secondary sedimentation tank is discharged from the secondary sedimentation tank 4 through the outlet water pipe 41.

[0039] The second sludge return system includes a second sludge return pipe 431 and a second sludge return pump 432. One end of the second sludge return pipe 431 is connected to the sludge hopper at the bottom of the secondary settling tank 4, and the other end is connected to the aeration tank 2. The second sludge return pump 432 is installed on the second sludge return pipe 431 and is used to transport the second returned sludge from the secondary settling tank 4 to the aeration tank 2.

[0040] The excess sludge discharge system includes an excess sludge discharge pump 441 and an excess sludge discharge pipe 442. One end of the excess sludge discharge pipe 442 is connected to the sludge hopper at the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank 4, and the other end is connected to the sludge dewatering room. The excess sludge discharge pump 441 is installed on the excess sludge discharge pipe 442 and is used to transport the excess sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank 4 to the sludge dewatering room, so that the excess sludge is discharged outside the sludge reactor system.

[0041] The sludge separator 5 includes a sludge separator body, a sludge separator inlet system, and a sludge separator outlet system.

[0042] The influent to sludge separator 5 is supplied from aeration thickening tank 3, and the effluent from sludge separator 5 flows into secondary sedimentation tank 4. The main function of sludge separator 5 is to screen and separate granular sludge from flocculent sludge, thereby purifying and enriching the granular sludge. The mixed liquor flow direction inside sludge separator 5 is that water enters from one side of the sludge separator and exits from the opposite side, presenting an overall longitudinal flow pattern from top to bottom and from bottom to top, with an optimal flow velocity of 1-5 mm / s.

[0043] The sludge separator body is located inside the aeration thickening tank 3. Depending on the scale of wastewater treatment, there may be one or more sludge separators 5; this invention uses two sludge separators as an example. The upper part of the sludge separator body is a rectangular box, and the lower part is a funnel-shaped structure. The bottom of the sludge separator body narrows into a narrow sludge separator outlet 51, which serves as the discharge outlet for granular sludge. The side plates of the sludge separator body separate the sludge separator 5 from the water in the aeration thickening tank 3. The upper opening plane of the sludge separator body is rectangular, with a length-to-width ratio of 2:1 to 3:1. The influent flow rate of the sludge separator is controlled by the gas flow rate through the separator's air pipe. The surface loading of the sludge separator is 2-6 m³ / h. 3 / m 2 ·h.

[0044] The sludge separator inlet system includes a water distribution tank 521, a separator air pipe 522, and an inlet rectifier plate 523. The water distribution tank 521 is concave and located on the side of the sludge separator. This invention uses two sludge separators as an example, with water distribution channels 524 on both sides of the water distribution tank 521. One end of the separator air pipe 522 is connected to the separator blower, and the other end is connected to the water distribution channel 524. The separator blower connected to the separator air pipe 522 is separately installed, independent of blowers in other parts of the sludge reactor, to facilitate independent control. The separator blower can be adjusted by regulating the pump frequency, thereby regulating the air velocity and volume entering the separator air pipe 522.

[0045] In addition, a second valve 5221 can be installed on the separator air pipe 522 to control the air intake of the sludge separator 5. One end of the separator air pipe 522 is located at the water distribution channel 524, preferably 0.5-1.0m below the top opening of the water distribution channel 524. A water inlet hole 54 is provided on the upper part of the side plate of the sludge separator, and the water inlet hole 54 is generally submerged in water to a depth of 0.2-0.5m. The water inlet rectifier plate 523 is located inside the sludge separator 5, parallel to the short side plate of the sludge separator with the same width, the upper end of the water inlet rectifier plate 523 is at the same height as the short side plate of the sludge separator, and the lower end of the water inlet rectifier plate 523 is submerged in water to a depth of 1.0-1.2m. The separator air pipe 522 extends into the water distribution channel 524. During operation, water in the water distribution tank 521 is lifted to the water distribution channel 524 by air lifting, and the water is driven to flow into the sludge separator through the water inlet. Air is injected into the water distribution channel 524 through the air pipe 522 of the separator to achieve air lift water intake and control the flow rate and velocity.

[0046] The sludge separator effluent system includes an effluent trough 531 and an effluent pipe 532. The effluent trough 531 is located on the upper part of the sludge separator 5 and away from the sludge separator influent system. During operation, both ends of the effluent trough 531 can be fixed to the side wall of the sludge separator. One end of the effluent pipe 532 is connected to the effluent trough 531, and the other end passes through the side wall of the sludge separator 5 and the aeration thickening tank 3 to connect with the secondary sedimentation tank 4, ultimately forming the influent to the secondary sedimentation tank 4.

[0047] Please see Figure 2 The reactor control system 6 includes a monitoring system 61 and an intelligent control system 62.

[0048] The monitoring system 61 includes a suspended solids concentration meter, an electromagnetic flow meter, a dissolved oxygen meter (DO meter), a sludge concentration meter (MLSS analyzer), an oxidation-reduction potential meter (ORP meter), an ammonia nitrogen / nitrate analyzer, a total nitrogen analyzer (TN analyzer), an ammonia nitrogen meter, a chemical oxygen demand (COD) meter, and a laser particle size analyzer. Specifically: A suspended solids concentration meter is installed on the side wall of the sludge separator 5 to monitor the sludge concentration value in the sludge separator 5. Preferably, multiple suspended solids concentration meters can be installed in the sludge separator 5 to better monitor the sludge concentration profile within the sludge separator 5, thereby determining the flow regime and separation effect. For example, one suspended solids concentration meter can be installed at 2 / 3 of the height from the sludge separator outlet 51 to monitor the state of the particle settling zone. Another suspended solids concentration meter can be installed at 1 / 3 of the height from the sludge separator outlet 51 to monitor the state of the floc suspension zone.

[0049] A sludge concentration meter (MLSS analyzer) is installed at the sludge separator outlet pipe 532 to measure the sludge concentration value of the effluent from the sludge separator outlet pipe, thereby monitoring the amount of flocculent sludge carried in the effluent from the sludge separator and directly reflecting the screening efficiency of the sludge separator.

[0050] An electromagnetic flow meter is installed at the effluent pipe 532 of the sludge separator to accurately measure the actual treated water volume of the sludge separator and to calculate the surface loading. Simultaneously, an electromagnetic flow meter is installed at the influent pipe 13 of the anaerobic tank to measure the amount of wastewater entering the sludge reactor.

[0051] A dissolved oxygen (DO) meter is installed in aeration tank 2. Preferably, DO meters are installed at both the front and rear ends of aeration tank 2 to monitor and control the "sub-starvation" gradient, ensuring simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.

[0052] A sludge concentration meter (MLSS analyzer) is installed in the middle of the aeration thickener 3 to monitor the concentration of granular sludge in the aeration thickener 3.

[0053] An oxidation-reduction potential meter (ORP meter) is installed at the end of anaerobic tank 1 and near the water passage 11 to monitor the anaerobic environment, reflect phosphorus release and denitrification potential, and reflect the reduction state of the "abundant" zone.

[0054] An ammonia nitrogen / nitrate analyzer is installed at the water passage 21 of aeration tank 2 to evaluate denitrification efficiency.

[0055] A laser particle size analyzer is installed near the sludge separator outlet 51 to monitor the proportion of particulate sludge in the sludge discharged from the sludge separator outlet 51. Simultaneously, a laser particle size analyzer is also installed at the sludge separator effluent pipe 532 to monitor the proportion of particulate sludge in the effluent discharged from the sludge separator effluent pipe 532.

[0056] In addition, a total nitrogen analyzer (TN analyzer), an ammonia nitrogen analyzer, a chemical oxygen demand analyzer (COD analyzer), and a dissolved oxygen analyzer (DO analyzer) are installed at the outlet of the secondary sedimentation tank outlet pipe 41 to monitor the water quality of the discharged supernatant.

[0057] The intelligent control system 62 is connected to the monitoring system 61 by signal. The intelligent control system 62 is also connected to the first valve 342, the second valve 5221, the separator blower, the second sludge return pump 432, and the residual sludge discharge pump 441 by signal.

[0058] The working principle of the self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor of the present invention is as follows: 1. After pretreatment, the influent enters the anaerobic tank through the anaerobic tank inlet pipe. The anaerobic tank influent is fully mixed with the first return sludge returned from the aeration thickener. The polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria in the first return sludge (i.e., granular sludge) can store carbon sources such as polyhydroxy fatty acids (PHAs) in the anaerobic stage, while fully releasing phosphorus.

[0059] 2. The effluent from the anaerobic tank enters the aeration tank, whose main function is simultaneous nitrification / denitrification and phosphorus removal. It removes ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and phosphate from the water. AOB (ammonia oxidizing bacteria) and NOB (nitrite oxidizing bacteria) utilize dissolved oxygen to oxidize ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater into nitrate nitrogen. Simultaneously, due to the special stratified structure of the aerobic granular sludge, the denitrifying bacteria inside the aerobic granules utilize the intracellular carbon source stored in the anaerobic stage to perform denitrification, achieving preliminary nitrogen removal. Polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria utilize the intracellular carbon source previously stored in the anaerobic zone to transport extracellular phosphate into the cell to resynthesize polyphosphate, achieving phosphorus removal.

[0060] 3. The effluent from the aeration tank enters the aeration thickener, whose main function is to thicken the sludge and further remove nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0061] 4. The effluent from the aeration thickener enters the sludge separator. The main function of the sludge separator is to screen and separate granular sludge from flocculent sludge, thereby achieving the screening, purification, and enrichment of granular sludge. After entering the sludge separator, the effluent exhibits an internally rising and externally falling hydraulic flow pattern. The sludge-water mixture flows in from the inlet end, while the supernatant or the sludge-water mixture containing some flocculent sludge flows out from the effluent channel located at the top of the sludge separator to the secondary settling tank.

[0062] During the flow of the sludge-water mixture in the sludge separator, granular heavy sludge (i.e., granular sludge) settles to the bottom of the separator due to its high density and fast settling velocity, and then enters the aeration thickening tank through the separator outlet. The granular sludge enriched in the aeration thickening tank is then returned to the anaerobic tank through the first sludge return system for further phosphorus release and organic matter adsorption. Meanwhile, light sludge (flocculated sludge), due to its low density and slow settling velocity, flows into the effluent trough with the rising water flow and eventually enters the secondary settling tank. In the secondary settling tank, sludge-water separation occurs. The supernatant is discharged from the secondary settling tank through the effluent pipe, and part of the sludge settling at the bottom of the secondary settling tank is returned to the aeration tank through the second sludge return system to replenish the sludge concentration in the aeration tank. The remaining part is discharged to the dewatering room through the excess sludge discharge system.

[0063] In existing sludge reactors, sludge separation typically relies on a sealed-bottom sludge separator (such as a sedimentation hopper or separation device) located inside the reactor. Existing sludge separators generally have a closed bottom and primarily rely on gravity settling to separate granular sludge from flocculent sludge. The typical operating method is as follows: the mixed liquor enters from the top of the separator; granular sludge settles to the bottom due to its rapid settling velocity, while flocculent sludge is discharged with the effluent. This method suffers from low separation efficiency, requiring manual adjustment for optimal separation results, leading to random and unstable separation performance. It cannot achieve intelligent control or dynamic adjustment based on the overall operating status of the sludge reactor. Furthermore, sealed-bottom sludge separators are prone to flocculent sludge accumulation within the separator, creating a "sludge layer lift" phenomenon. This results in some granular sludge being lost with the effluent, making it difficult to effectively increase the proportion of granular sludge in the system and impacting nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency.

[0064] This invention creatively introduces a reactor control system into a sludge reactor, while simultaneously modifying the structure of existing sludge separators to create a bottomless structure. The reactor control system comprises a monitoring system and an intelligent control system. This system is designed using a support vector machine model based on a modified sigmoid function. The monitoring system continuously monitors the past operating characteristics of the sludge reactor (e.g., MLSS and DO meters). The intelligent control system automatically predicts the future operating status of the sludge separator and the health of the granular sludge in the reactor based on feedback from the monitoring system, providing early warnings of risks such as "insufficient screening," "granular loss," and "sludge aging," improving problem detection from the "day / hour" level to the "second" level. Furthermore, the reactor control system dynamically adjusts / controls the air intake and the ratio of returned and discharged sludge based on the predicted future operating status, ensuring the sludge reactor always operates close to its optimal operating point. This reduces the fluctuation range of treatment effects (e.g., total nitrogen in the supernatant effluent) by more than 60%, achieving long-term stable compliance.

[0065] 5. The aeration thickener is at the end of the process, where most of the organic substrate has been degraded and the sludge is in a starved state. At this stage, bacteria are in the endogenous respiration phase. The physical shearing action of the sludge separator and the increased hydrophobicity of bacterial cell surfaces due to starvation promote the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by microorganisms, which helps to further compact and mature the sludge particles. Furthermore, the starved sludge is returned to the anaerobic tank to contact the influent, creating an abundant state. This repeated circulation of sludge within the biological tank, alternating between starvation and abundance, further promotes sludge granulation.

[0066] The workflow of a self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor according to the present invention is as follows: Pretreated wastewater enters an anaerobic tank to degrade organic matter, promote phosphorus release, and convert organic matter into an internal carbon source. The effluent from the anaerobic tank enters the aeration tank to achieve simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus from the wastewater; The effluent from the aeration tank enters the aeration thickening tank to achieve the enrichment of granular sludge and further removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater; The effluent from the aeration thickener enters the sludge separator, where granular sludge and flocculent sludge are screened. In addition, the aeration thickener also receives the granular sludge separated and enriched in the sludge separator, and returns this separated and enriched granular sludge (as the first return sludge) to the anaerobic tank through the first sludge return system. The effluent from the sludge separator enters the secondary settling tank, where sludge and water are separated. The supernatant after separation is discharged from the secondary settling tank through the effluent pipe. Part of the sludge settled at the bottom of the secondary settling tank is returned to the aeration tank as secondary sludge through the second sludge return system to replenish its sludge concentration. The remaining part is discharged from the sludge reactor through the excess sludge discharge system to the dewatering room.

[0067] During the above process, the monitoring system continuously collects past operating characteristic data from the sludge reactor. First, the monitoring system acquires data from the sludge separator... The time (of which, Indicates the current time. Indicates the previous moment, Indicates the preceding time, Indicates the preceding time; The following parameters are set: length of past operating characteristic period (can be set according to actual conditions, without further restrictions): sludge reactor influent flow rate (obtained via electromagnetic flowmeter), sludge concentration in sludge separator (obtained via suspended solids meter), amount of flocculent sludge carried in sludge separator effluent (obtained via MLSS analyzer), actual treated water volume of sludge separator (obtained via electromagnetic flowmeter), DO value in aeration tank (obtained via DO meter), MLSS value in aeration thickener (obtained via MLSS analyzer), ORP value in anaerobic tank (obtained via ORP meter), effluent ammonia nitrogen, effluent nitrate, and nitrate nitrogen ratios in aeration tank effluent (obtained via ammonia nitrogen / nitrate analyzer), proportion of granular sludge discharged from sludge separator outlet and proportion of granular sludge discharged from sludge separator effluent pipe (obtained via laser particle size analyzer), supernatant water quality (obtained via TN analyzer, ammonia nitrogen analyzer, COD analyzer, and DO meter); further, the monitoring system calculates... The following data were collected over a specific time period: average and average rate of change of sludge reactor influent, average and average rate of change of sludge concentration in sludge separator, average and average rate of change of flocculent sludge carried in sludge separator effluent, average and average rate of change of actual treated water volume in sludge separator, average and average rate of change of DO value in aeration tank, average and average rate of change of MLSS value in aeration thickener, average and average rate of change of ORP value in anaerobic tank, average and average rate of change of ammonia nitrogen in effluent from aeration tank, average and average rate of change of nitrate in effluent from aeration tank, average and average rate of change of nitrate nitrogen percentage in aeration tank, average and average rate of change of granular sludge percentage in sludge discharged from sludge separator outlet, average and average rate of change of granular sludge percentage discharged from sludge separator effluent pipe, and average and average rate of change of supernatant water quality. These data were used as historical operational characteristic data.

[0068] The intelligent control system connects with the monitoring system and obtains past operational characteristic data collected by the monitoring system. Based on the data collected by the monitoring system, the intelligent control system determines the future operating status of the sludge separator and outputs control commands to the first valve, second valve, separator blower, second sludge return pump, and excess sludge discharge pump. This controls whether the first and second valves open and close, and the degree of their opening; the operating frequency of the separator blower; and whether the second sludge return pump and excess sludge discharge pump start and their pump speed (pump frequency). In this process, controlling whether the first valve opens and closes, and the degree of its opening, controls whether the first return sludge is returned, and the amount of first return sludge returned to the anaerobic tank. Controlling whether the second valve opens and closes, and the degree of its opening, controls the air intake of the sludge separator. Controlling the operating frequency of the separator blower controls the air intake of the sludge separator. Controlling whether the second sludge return pump starts and its pump speed (pump frequency) controls whether the second return sludge is returned, and the amount of second return sludge returned to the aeration tank. By controlling whether the excess sludge discharge pump is started and its pump speed (pump frequency), it is possible to control whether excess sludge is discharged from the sludge reactor and the amount of excess sludge discharged from the sludge reactor.

[0069] Please see Figure 3 The control method of a self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor of the present invention is as follows: S1 utilizes a monitoring system to continuously acquire past operational characteristic data of the sludge reactor; S2 Input the past operating feature data of the sludge reactor into a pre-trained support vector machine model based on the improved sigmoid function to obtain the classification judgment result of the predicted future operating state of the sludge reactor; S3 Based on the classification judgment result and combined with the preset control rules, generate control instructions for at least one operating parameter of the sludge reactor; S4. Adjust the corresponding operating parameters of the sludge reactor according to the control command.

[0070] Prior to step S2, a training step for a support vector machine (SVM) model based on an improved sigmoid function is included. This training step yields a pre-trained SVM model based on the improved sigmoid function. The training step for the SVM model based on the improved sigmoid function includes: (1) Determine the relevant aspects of the sludge reactor A past operating characteristic, making This means The values ​​of past operating features, which are also the inputs to the support vector machine model. for A real space. In this invention, [the concept is used]. For example, a total of 26 past operational features were designed: namely Within the time period (of which, Indicates the current time. Indicates the preceding time, The length of the past running characteristic period can be set according to the actual situation, without further restrictions. 1) Average influent flow rate to the sludge reactor; 2) The average rate of change in the influent flow rate to the sludge reactor; 3) The average sludge concentration in the sludge separator; 4) The average rate of change of sludge concentration in the sludge separator; 5) The average amount of flocculent sludge carried in the effluent from the sludge separator; 6) The average rate of change in the amount of flocculent sludge carried in the effluent from the sludge separator; 7) The average value of the actual water volume treated by the sludge separator; 8) The average rate of change in the actual water volume treated by the sludge separator; 9) The average DO value in the aeration tank; 10) The average rate of change of DO value in the aeration tank; 11) The average value of MLSS in the aeration thickener; 12) The average rate of change of MLSS values ​​in the aeration thickener; 13) The average ORP value of the anaerobic tank; 14) The average rate of change of ORP values ​​in the anaerobic tank; 15) The average value of ammonia nitrogen in the effluent from the aeration tank; 16) The average rate of change of ammonia nitrogen in the effluent from the aeration tank; 17) The average nitrate concentration in the effluent from the aeration tank; 18) The average rate of change in nitrate levels in the effluent from the aeration tank; 19) The average percentage of nitrate nitrogen in the aeration tank; 20) The average rate of change of the proportion of nitrate nitrogen in the aeration tank; 21) The average percentage of granular sludge in the sludge discharged from the sludge separator outlet; 22) The average rate of change in the proportion of granular sludge in the sludge discharged from the sludge separator outlet; 23) The average percentage of granular sludge discharged from the sludge separator outlet pipe; 24) The average rate of change in the proportion of granular sludge discharged from the sludge separator outlet pipe; 25) Average water quality of the supernatant; 26) Average rate of change in the quality of the supernatant.

[0071] In actual use The past operating characteristics can be further categorized according to the actual situation. This is just an example and no further restrictions are imposed.

[0072] (2) Determine the relevant aspects of the sludge reactor This invention categorizes future operating states into four categories (i.e., four classification results): Category 1: "Ideal Screening" (effective discharge of flocculent sludge, complete retention of granular sludge); Category 2: "Insufficient Screening" (low upward flow velocity, flocs settle, unable to effectively screen out flocculent and granular sludge); Category 3: "Over-Screening" (high upward flow velocity, granular sludge begins to leak); and Category 4: "Under Impact" (parameters fluctuate drastically). In practical use... Each category can be further subdivided according to the actual situation. This is just an example and no further restrictions are imposed.

[0073] (3) Design the following improved sigmoid function:

[0074] in, To improve the sigmoid function, To improve the input of the sigmoid function, It is a natural constant. To improve the parameters of the sigmoid function. right The derivative can be expressed as:

[0075] in, To improve the derivative of the sigmoid function, To improve the input of the derivative of the sigmoid function.

[0076] (4) Based on the Gaussian kernel function and the improved sigmoid function mentioned above, a support vector machine model training algorithm is designed. The first in the category Class and First kind, Training is performed separately. In this invention, [the method is described in the original text]. For example, training is performed on categories 1 and 2, 1 and 3, 1 and 4, 2 and 3, 2 and 4, and 3 and 4 from the four categories in step (2). This training algorithm can jointly optimize the Gaussian kernel function parameters and the support vector machine model parameters to improve the classification accuracy of sludge reactors. It should be noted that once the training results are obtained... All of the categories Class and First The corresponding support vector machine model for each class can then be used to obtain the classification result based on S2. The first in the category Class and First The specific steps for training a class are as follows: (4.1) Determine the first Class and First Empirical data for the class. Determining the relevant data for sludge reactors using manual experience or systematic annotation. empirical data ,......, , This is the logarithm of the empirical data. Indicates the first For empirical data related to sludge reactors The values ​​of each feature, And if Then it means the first empirical data The corresponding category is No. Class, if Then it means the first empirical data The corresponding category is No. kind, .

[0077] (4.2) Solve for the initial values ​​of the normal vector parameters of the support vector machine model. Given a threshold parameter... Gaussian kernel function parameters initial value Design the following optimization problem

[0078] in, Represents the natural exponential function. For the normal vector parameters of the support vector machine model, and for The and the Each component, and For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data and the right, , Solving the optimization problem in the above equation yields... The initial value is .

[0079] (4.3) Calculate the initial values ​​of the intercept parameter of the support vector machine model. Let... express The set of indices of all positive components in the set. for elements in The number of elements is Calculate the intercept parameters of the support vector machine model. initial value for

[0080] in, for The Each component, ; For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, .

[0081] (4.4) Optimize the Gaussian kernel function parameters using the misclassification convergence idea, and obtain... The next iteration value Specifically: (4.4.1) Calculate the error corresponding to misclassification. Using , and Regarding the sludge reactor in (4.1) For empirical data, let the following formulas in sequence... The values ​​corresponding to the support vector machine model are obtained. :

[0082] in, Represents a symbolic function. As input to the support vector machine model, For the output of the support vector machine model, For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, .like This indicates that the support vector machine model has misclassified cases. Record the set of empirical data indices corresponding to all misclassification cases. ,in for The elements in.

[0083] Design a prediction function:

[0084] in, For the prediction function, As input to the prediction function, For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, ;Calculate using the above formula At that time, take , , , The error corresponding to misclassification in the support vector machine model. It can be represented as

[0085] in, For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, .

[0086] (4.4.2) Establish and solve the misclassification convergence equation. Calculate... right The first derivative :

[0087] in,

[0088] in, For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, ; For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, ;Calculate using the above formula and At that time, take , , , .

[0089] Combination and Establish about The convergence equation is:

[0090] in, Let be the convergence factor. Solve the above convergence equation using the least squares method to obtain... The next iteration value is denoted as and take the number of iterations. .

[0091] (4.5) Solve for the iterative values ​​of the normal vector parameters of the support vector machine model. Using... Design the following optimization problem

[0092] Solving the optimization problem in the above equation yields... The iterative values ​​are: .

[0093] (4.6) Calculate the iterative values ​​of the intercept parameter of the support vector machine model.

[0094] make express The set of indices of all positive components in the set. for elements in The number of elements is Calculate the intercept parameters of the support vector machine model. Iterative values for

[0095] in, for The Each component, ; For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, .

[0096] (4.7) Optimize the Gaussian kernel function parameters using the misclassification convergence idea to obtain... The next iteration value Specifically: (4.7.1) Calculate the error corresponding to misclassification. Using , and Regarding the sludge reactor in (4.1) For empirical data, let the following formulas in sequence... The values ​​corresponding to the support vector machine model are obtained. :

[0097] in, As input to the support vector machine model, This is the output of the support vector machine model. If This indicates that the support vector machine model has misclassified cases. Record the set of empirical data indices corresponding to all misclassification cases. ,in for The elements in.

[0098] Design prediction function

[0099] in, For the prediction function, The input to the prediction function is used; the above formula is used to calculate... At that time, take , , , The error corresponding to misclassification in the support vector machine model. It can be represented as

[0100] in, For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, .

[0101] (4.7.2) Establish and solve the misclassification convergence equation. Calculate... right The first derivative

[0102]

[0103] in,

[0104] in, For the sludge reactor related in (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, ;Calculate using the above formula and At that time, take , , , .

[0105] Combination and Establish about convergence equation

[0106] Solving the above convergent equation using the least squares method yields the following results. The next iteration value is denoted as .

[0107] (4.8) Update iteration count. Let Return to step (4.5) and proceed to the next iteration. empty set or If the maximum number of iterations is exceeded, the training of the support vector machine model is terminated, and the final support vector machine model is obtained as follows:

[0108] in, As input to the support vector machine model, The final output of the support vector machine model, Represents a symbolic function. Represents the natural exponential function. As determined by (4.1) The first in the empirical data right, For the number of iterations, To iteratively determine the normal vector parameters of the support vector machine model, for The Each component, To iteratively obtain the intercept parameter value for the support vector machine model, Iteratively obtain the values ​​of the Gaussian kernel function parameters. .

[0109] The above methods utilize manual experience or systematic labeling to determine the relevant aspects of sludge reactors. empirical data ,......, The annotation can be done manually, automatically by the system, or by any other known method. Manual annotation involves simultaneously collecting online sensor data and corresponding offline analysis data of sludge samples during the operation of the sludge reactor. Based on preset classification rules, the online sensor data is manually labeled with category tags according to the offline analysis data, thus obtaining empirical data. Automatic labeling by the system involves automatically labeling past operational characteristic data based on preset classification rules in the initial stage of the sludge reactor operation. Subsequent manual verification of these labels yields empirical data.

[0110] The above-preset classification rules can be: (1) Category 1 (ideal screening): The following conditions must be met simultaneously: the ratio of sludge concentration in the upper part of the sludge separator to that in the lower part is <0.3; the effluent concentration of the sludge separator is <300 mg / L; the sludge concentration in the aeration thickener is stable and there is no continuous downward trend. (2) Category 2 (insufficient screening): The following conditions must be met simultaneously: the ratio of sludge concentration in the upper part of the sludge separator to that in the lower part is >0.7, and the concentration in the lower part continues to rise for >4 hours; the influent flow rate of the sludge separator is lower than 80% of the flow rate corresponding to the design surface load. (3) Category 3 (excessive screening): The following conditions must be met simultaneously: the sludge concentration in the aeration thickener continuously decreases for >72 hours, with a daily decrease of >3%, and there is no increase in sludge discharge; the effluent concentration of the sludge separator shows intermittent peaks (peak value > 2 times the normal value); or the influent flow rate of the sludge separator is higher than 120% of the flow rate corresponding to the design surface load. Among them, the peak value and the normal value can be determined based on experience or based on actual treatment needs. (4) Category 4 (Shocked): Meets any of the following conditions: the sludge separator influent flow rate changes by more than 30% within 10 minutes, and the concentration in the upper and middle parts of the sludge separator fluctuates violently and synchronously, with a fluctuation range of more than 20%; the sludge separator effluent concentration spikes briefly (peak value > 3 times the normal value). The peak value and normal value can be determined based on experience or actual treatment needs.

[0111] The above classification rules are merely examples. In actual use, users can determine their own classification rules based on their specific needs. In other words, the classification rules can be adjusted according to different purposes, and if necessary, the types of parameters and screening categories can be increased, i.e., the relevant parameters related to the sludge reactor in step (1) can be added or adjusted. A past operating characteristic and the sludge reactor related to step (2). A category for future operating status.

[0112] Furthermore, in step S3 above, based on the classification judgment result and combined with preset control rules, a control command is generated for at least one operating parameter of the sludge reactor, specifically as follows: When the predicted classification result is: Category 1: The reactor control system predicts an ideal future for the sludge reactor system. This means the future operating state of the sludge reactor system will be characterized by effective discharge of flocculent sludge and complete retention of granular sludge. The control rule is to maintain the current operating parameters. The control commands are: the opening and closing degrees of the first and second valves remain unchanged, the operating frequency of the separator blower remains unchanged, and the pump frequencies of the second sludge return pump and the excess sludge discharge pump remain unchanged. The aim is to maintain the stable operation of the sludge reactor system.

[0113] Category 2: In this case, the reactor control system predicts that the sludge reactor system will experience insufficient screening in the future. That is, the future operating state of the sludge reactor system will be characterized by excessively low upward flow velocity, floc settling, and inability to effectively screen out granular sludge, thus failing to achieve separation of granular and flocculent sludge. The control rule is to increase the upward flow velocity of the sludge separator. The control commands are: open the second valve wider by 5%-10%; increase the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-10%; and open the first valve wider by 5%-10%. The purpose is to enhance the upward flow in the sludge separator, force the discharge of settled flocculent sludge, and increase the amount of first return sludge. Ultimately, this restores the stratification state in the sludge separator.

[0114] In Category 3, the reactor control system predicts that the sludge reactor system will experience over-screening in the future. This means the future operating state of the sludge reactor system will be characterized by excessively high upward flow velocity, leading to the loss of granular sludge. The control rule is to reduce the upward flow velocity of the sludge separator. The control commands are: partially close the second valve, reducing the opening by 5%-15%; reduce the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-15%; and increase the pump frequency of the second sludge return pump by 5%-10%. The purpose is to reduce the water flow velocity within the sludge separator and increase the amount of second return sludge, preventing further loss of granular sludge.

[0115] In Category 4, the reactor control system predicts that the sludge reactor system will be subject to shock in the future. This means the future operating state of the sludge reactor system will exhibit drastic parameter fluctuations, such as dissolved oxygen measurement in the aeration tank deviating from the predetermined value by >±1.0 mg / L for >15 minutes; ORP in the anaerobic tank rising by >50 mV within 10 minutes; severe fluctuations in the upper and lower concentrations of the sludge separator, with a fluctuation range >20% and a Pearson linear correlation coefficient >0.8; and a momentary spike in the effluent concentration of the sludge separator followed by a decline, with the peak value >3 times the normal value. The control rule is: enter the shock protection mode. The control commands are: reduce the opening of the second valve by 10%-15%, reduce the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-15% to reduce the upward flow velocity of the sludge separator. Close the first valve, the second sludge return pump, and the excess sludge discharge pump. Maintain stable aeration in the sludge reactor. Simultaneously, the reactor control system records the shock event and automatically resumes operation after the parameters stabilize. The aim is to sacrifice some processing capacity to ensure that granular sludge is not lost in large quantities due to the impact.

[0116] The self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor of this invention was used in actual wastewater treatment, and the following data were obtained: Wastewater is treated using the sludge reactor of this invention, with a capacity of 1600 tons / day. The anaerobic tank has a retention time of 2 hours, the aeration tank has a retention time of 8 hours, and the aeration thickener has a retention time of 4 hours. The sludge reactor is equipped with two sludge separators, each with dimensions L×B×H = 6×2.0×3.3 m, a sedimentation height of 2.0 m, and a surface loading rate of 2.78 m. 3 / m 2 •h, surface loading of the secondary sedimentation tank is 1.2 m 3 / m 2 ·h.

[0117] Operating control parameters: Anaerobic tank sludge concentration: 4000 mg / L, aeration tank sludge concentration: 6000 mg / L, anaerobic tank dissolved oxygen: ≤0.2 mg / L; aeration tank: dissolved oxygen at the front end controlled within 0.5 mg / L, and at the end controlled within 1.0 mg / L; aeration thickener dissolved oxygen: 1-2 mg / L.

[0118] The sludge reactor then began operation, and the following operational data was monitored:

[0119] Operational results: During the granular sludge separation and purification period, the granulation degree was 25.7%, and the average effluent quality was COD: 16.2 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen: 0.41 mg / L, and total nitrogen: 6.0 mg / L.

[0120] The above operational results demonstrate that the sludge reactor of this invention can reduce the total nitrogen in the effluent to below 10 mg / L, and the effluent quality meets the Class III water quality standard of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002). The sludge reactor operates with high efficiency.

[0121] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor, characterized in that... It includes an anaerobic tank, an aeration tank, an aeration thickener, a sludge separator, a secondary sedimentation tank, and a reactor control system; the anaerobic tank, aeration tank, aeration thickener, sludge separator, and secondary sedimentation tank are connected in sequence, and the sludge separator is located inside the aeration thickener; The aeration thickener includes a first sludge return system, which comprises a first sludge return pipe and an air pipe. The two ends of the first sludge return pipe are connected to the bottom of the aeration thickener and the anaerobic tank, respectively. A first valve is installed on the air pipe. The sludge separator includes a sludge separator inlet system and a sludge separator outlet system. The sludge separator has a sludge separator outlet. The sludge separator inlet system includes a water distribution tank, a separator air pipe, and an inlet rectifier plate. A second valve is installed on the separator air pipe and connected to the separator blower. The sludge separator outlet system includes an outlet tank and a sludge separator outlet pipe. The secondary sedimentation tank includes a second sludge return system and a waste sludge discharge system. The second sludge return system includes a second sludge return pipe and a second sludge return pump. The two ends of the second sludge return pipe are respectively connected to the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank and the aeration tank. The second sludge return pump is installed on the second sludge return pipe. The waste sludge discharge system includes a waste sludge discharge pump and a waste sludge discharge pipe. The two ends of the waste sludge discharge pipe are respectively connected to the bottom of the secondary sedimentation tank and the sludge dewatering room; the waste sludge discharge pump is installed on the waste sludge discharge pipe. The reactor control system includes a monitoring system and an intelligent control system. The monitoring system is installed at the anaerobic tank, aeration tank, aeration thickening tank, sludge separator and secondary sedimentation tank. The intelligent control system makes judgments based on the data detected by the monitoring system and adjusts the opening and closing of the first valve and the second valve and the opening and closing size of the valve according to the judgment results, and adjusts the opening and closing and pump frequency of the second sludge return pump and the excess sludge discharge pump.

2. The sludge reactor as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The upper part of the sludge separator is a rectangular box, and the bottom of the sludge separator narrows to form the sludge separator outlet.

3. The sludge reactor as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The anaerobic tank includes an anaerobic tank body and a first stirrer; The aeration tank includes an aeration tank body and a first aeration system. The first aeration system includes a first aeration pipe and a first aeration disc. The first aeration pipe is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank body, and the first aeration disc is installed on the first aeration pipe. The aeration thickener also includes an aeration thickener body and a second aeration system. The second aeration system includes a second aeration pipe and a second aeration disc. The second aeration disc is installed on the second aeration pipe, and the second aeration system is arranged at the bottom of the aeration thickener.

4. The sludge reactor as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The secondary sedimentation tank has a secondary sedimentation tank outlet pipe, which is used to discharge the supernatant from the secondary sedimentation tank.

5. The sludge reactor as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The monitoring system includes a suspended solids concentration meter, an electromagnetic flow meter, a dissolved oxygen meter, a sludge concentration meter, an oxidation-reduction potential meter, an ammonia nitrogen / nitrate analyzer, a total nitrogen analyzer, an ammonia nitrogen meter, a chemical oxygen demand meter, and a laser particle size analyzer.

6. A control method for a self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor, used to control the self-screening and thickening continuous flow aerobic granular sludge reactor as described in claim 1, characterized in that... , Includes the following steps: S1 utilizes a monitoring system to continuously acquire past operational characteristic data of the sludge reactor; S2 Input the past operating feature data of the sludge reactor into a pre-trained support vector machine model based on the improved sigmoid function to obtain the classification judgment result of the predicted future operating state of the sludge reactor; S3 Based on the classification judgment result and combined with the preset control rules, generate control instructions for at least one operating parameter of the sludge reactor; S4. Adjust the corresponding operating parameters of the sludge reactor according to the control command.

7. The control method as described in claim 6, characterized in that... Before step S2, a training step is included for a support vector machine model based on an improved sigmoid function. This training step yields a pre-trained support vector machine model based on the improved sigmoid function. The support vector machine model is as follows: ； in, As input to the support vector machine model, The final output of the support vector machine model, Represents a symbolic function. Represents the natural exponential function. For the logarithm of the empirical data, for The first in the empirical data right, To iteratively determine the normal vector parameters of the support vector machine model, for The Each component, To iteratively obtain the intercept parameter value for the support vector machine model, For the next iteration of the Gaussian kernel function parameters, , This represents the number of iterations.

8. The control method as described in claim 7, characterized in that... The training steps for a support vector machine model based on the improved sigmoid function include: (1) Determine the relevant aspects of the sludge reactor A past operating characteristic, making This means The values ​​of past operating features, which are also the inputs to the support vector machine model. for 3D real space; (2) Determine the relevant aspects of the sludge reactor One future operating state category; (3) Design the following improved sigmoid function: ； in, To improve the sigmoid function, To improve the input of the sigmoid function, It is a natural constant. To improve the parameters of the sigmoid function; (4) Based on the Gaussian kernel function and the improved sigmoid function, a support vector machine model training algorithm is designed. The first in the category Class and First kind, Training is performed separately; subsequently, the classification judgment result of the predicted future operating state of the sludge reactor can be obtained.

9. The control method as described in claim 8, characterized in that... The classification results of the predicted future operating status of the sludge reactor include: Category 1, Ideal Screening: The sludge reactor operates while simultaneously meeting the following conditions: the ratio of sludge concentration in the upper part of the sludge separator to that in the lower part is <0.3; the effluent concentration of the sludge separator is <300 mg / L; and the sludge concentration in the aeration thickener is stable, without a continuous decreasing trend. Category 2, Insufficient Screening: This refers to the sludge reactor operating under any of the following conditions: the sludge concentration ratio between the upper and lower sections of the sludge separator is >0.7, and the concentration in the lower section continues to rise for >4 hours; or the influent flow rate of the sludge separator is lower than 80% of the flow rate corresponding to the design surface load. Category 3, Over-screening: This refers to the sludge reactor operating simultaneously meeting the following conditions: sludge concentration in the aeration thickener continuously decreases for >72 hours, with a daily decrease of >3%, and no increase in sludge discharge; intermittent spikes occur in the effluent concentration of the sludge separator, i.e., the peak value is >2 times the normal value; or the influent flow rate of the sludge separator is higher than 120% of the flow rate corresponding to the design surface load. Category 4, Impacted: This refers to the sludge reactor operating under any of the following conditions: the sludge separator influent flow rate changes by more than 30% within 10 minutes, and the concentration in the upper and lower parts of the sludge separator fluctuates violently and synchronously, with a fluctuation range of more than 20%; the sludge separator effluent concentration spikes briefly, i.e., the peak value is more than 3 times the normal value.

10. The control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that... S3 and S4 are specifically as follows: When the classification result of the predicted future operating status of the sludge reactor is: In Category 1, the control rule is: maintain the current operating parameters; the control instructions are: the opening and closing degrees of the first and second valves remain unchanged, the operating frequency of the separator blower remains unchanged, and the pump frequencies of the second sludge return pump and the excess sludge discharge pump remain unchanged. For Category 2, the control rules are: increase the upward flow velocity of the sludge separator; the control commands are: open the second valve by 5%-10%; increase the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-10%; open the first valve by 5%-10%. For Category 3, the control rules are: reduce the upward flow velocity of the sludge separator; the control commands are: close the second valve slightly, reducing the opening by 5%-15%; reduce the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-15%; increase the pump frequency of the second sludge return pump by 5%-10%. In Category 4, the control rules are: enter the anti-impact protection mode; the control commands are: reduce the opening of the second valve by 10%-15%; reduce the operating frequency of the separator blower by 5%-15%; and close the first valve, the second sludge return pump, and the residual sludge discharge pump.

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