Modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method of the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density comprises the following steps: preparing amino polysulfide by taking sulfur, m-phenylenediamine and a vinyl monomer as raw materials; the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black and isoprene rubber, then mixing with sulfur, an accelerant and an active agent, and carrying out vulcanization molding to obtain the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density. The amino polysulfide is used as a modifier, uniform dispersion and interface chemical bonding of the high-conductivity carbon black in the isoprene rubber are synchronously realized by means of chemical grafting and in-situ reinforcement, and the obtained composite material is high in surface charge density and good in output stability and is used for constructing a high-performance TENG friction layer. And core material support is provided for the self-powered intelligent tire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of triboelectric nanogenerator technology, specifically relating to a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Smart tire technology, by integrating various sensors to monitor tire status in real time, is key to achieving vehicle intelligence and safe driving. Self-powered sensing systems utilize triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) to convert the mechanical energy generated during tire rolling into electrical energy, powering the sensors. This is an ideal solution to overcome the limitations of traditional battery power. The output performance of TENGs is highly dependent on the charge-trapping capability of the friction layer material. Isoprene rubber, due to its excellent elasticity and dynamic mechanical properties, is an ideal matrix material for TENG friction layers in tires. However, because pure isoprene rubber has weak triboelectric properties and low charge density, functional fillers such as highly conductive carbon black are typically added to enhance its charge-trapping capability.

[0003] During their research, the inventors discovered that existing technologies for introducing carbon black into friction layer materials mainly employ the following three methods: 1. Direct blending of highly conductive carbon black: Highly conductive carbon black is directly mechanically blended with isoprene rubber in a two-roll mill or internal mixer to prepare a carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material for use as a TENG friction layer; 2. Surface chemical modification: The surface of carbon black is chemically modified using silane coupling agents (such as KH550 and Si69) to introduce polar functional groups, thereby improving its dispersibility and interfacial bonding in rubber; 3. Addition of high dielectric constant fillers: High dielectric constant fillers such as barium titanate (BaTiO3) are added to the rubber matrix to improve the dielectric properties of the material, thereby enhancing its charge trapping ability. The above technical solutions typically face the following core problems: First, highly conductive carbon black, as a functional filler, exhibits poor dispersibility in a non-polar isoprene rubber (IR) matrix. Its large specific surface area and high surface energy make it prone to agglomeration during direct blending, forming microscale conductive aggregates. This leads to uneven potential distribution on the friction layer surface, and local charges are easily dissipated through the conductive pathways formed by the aggregates, resulting in low charge capture efficiency. Furthermore, the interfacial bonding between carbon black and the rubber matrix is ​​weak, making the interface prone to debonding during tire dynamic deformation, leading to damage to the friction layer surface structure and a decline in performance. First, the modification effect of silane coupling agents is limited by the number of active groups on the carbon black surface (the hydroxyl groups on the carbon black surface are limited), resulting in a low grafting rate and difficulty in achieving monodisperse-level dispersion of carbon black. Furthermore, the crosslinking reaction between the coupling agent and the rubber is difficult to control precisely, leading to limited interfacial reinforcement. Second, although high dielectric constant fillers can improve the dielectric constant, their high density and poor compatibility with rubber significantly increase the weight of the composite material and hysteresis heat generation. Moreover, their direct contribution to charge capture during triboelectric charging is limited, making them unsuitable for tire applications that require lightweighting and high dynamic performance.

[0004] This invention provides a composite material that combines high charge trapping capability and excellent dynamic stability to solve the problems of uneven carbon black dispersion and weak interfacial bonding. This is one of the main ways to meet the high output and long life requirements of TENG friction layer for intelligent tire self-powered sensors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density, its preparation method, and its application. This invention uses amino polysulfide (ATPS) as a modifier and simultaneously achieves uniform dispersion and interfacial chemical bonding of highly conductive carbon black in isoprene rubber through chemical grafting and in-situ reinforcement, thereby obtaining a composite material with high surface charge density and good output stability. This composite material is used to construct a high-performance TENG friction layer, providing core material support for self-powered smart tires.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] On the one hand, a method for preparing a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density is provided, comprising:

[0008] Amino polysulfides were prepared using sulfur, m-phenylenediamine, and vinyl monomers as raw materials.

[0009] The amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black, and isoprene rubber are mixed in an intensive mixing process, and then mixed with sulfur, accelerator, and activator. After vulcanization molding, a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density is obtained.

[0010] On the other hand, a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density is provided, the raw materials including isoprene rubber, highly conductive carbon black and amino polysulfide, wherein the amino polysulfide is obtained by reverse vulcanization copolymerization of sulfur, m-phenylenediamine and vinyl monomers.

[0011] On another front, we provide an application of the aforementioned modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density in a triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0013] 1. This invention provides a method for preparing a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density. Amino polysulfide (ATPS) is used as an interface modifier and charge trapping enhancer for carbon black, forming a dual charge trapping structure with both "chemical charge trapping of sulfur in the ATPS molecular chain" and "physical charge trapping of the 600 JD / rubber micro-interface." This structure exhibits significantly improved triboelectric charge density and can be used as a triboelectric nanogenerator's friction layer material. It is particularly suitable for use in self-powered smart tires to harvest tire rolling mechanical energy, showing broad application prospects in the field of self-powered sensing smart tires.

[0014] 2. Compared with the unmodified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material, the present invention, by introducing ATPS modification, realizes the use of highly electronegative sulfur element as a charge trap, which increases the surface charge density by 2.6 times. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current of TENG are significantly improved, and the output power density is significantly increased.

[0015] 3. The modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material of the present invention achieves nanoscale uniform dispersion of carbon black in isoprene rubber, with no visible agglomerates, forming a fine microstructure that helps to achieve uniform surface potential distribution and avoids local charge concentration and dissipation.

[0016] 4. The present invention provides a method for preparing modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density. The raw material ATPS itself is derived from industrial by-product sulfur, has a specific molecular chain structure, is rich in highly electronegative sulfur elements, and is inexpensive, which is in line with the national strategy of circular economy and green manufacturing.

[0017] 5. The preparation method of the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density of the present invention is highly compatible with the existing tire industry system, without the need to add complex production equipment, and can be quickly industrialized. It can be widely used in the fields of new energy intelligent vehicle tires, heavy-duty truck tires, engineering machinery tires and special tires.

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of the composite materials in each embodiment and comparative example;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the TENG output performance test results of the composite materials in each embodiment and comparative example. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] In the following description, the term "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0023] In the following description, the terms “including,” “containing,” “having,” and “containing” are open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0024] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the following description of the embodiments of this application, the sequence of numbers does not imply the order of execution. Some or all steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0025] Those skilled in the art will understand that the numerical ranges in the embodiments of this application should be understood to specifically disclose each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range. Each smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0026] Unless otherwise stated, the technical / scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. While this application describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this application. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0027] The technical principle upon which this invention is based is that ATPS, which has a similar molecular chain structure to isoprene rubber, is grafted onto the surface of conductive carbon black, acting as a "bridge" to reduce the interfacial tension between carbon black and the rubber matrix, inhibit the re-agglomeration of carbon black, and achieve uniform dispersion at the nanoscale. The uniformly dispersed carbon black forms a fine microstructure, avoiding charge dissipation channels caused by macroscopic agglomerates. A large number of micro-interfaces are formed between the uniformly dispersed conductive carbon black and the rubber matrix, which act as physical charge traps to inhibit the migration and dissipation of charge into the material. Moreover, the large number of sulfur atoms in the ATPS molecular chain, due to their high electronegativity, can also act as deep-level charge traps to capture and store electrons generated during friction, thereby increasing the surface charge density of the material.

[0028] On the one hand, a method for preparing a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density is provided, comprising:

[0029] Amino polysulfides were prepared using sulfur, m-phenylenediamine, and vinyl monomers as raw materials.

[0030] The amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black, and isoprene rubber are mixed in an intensive mixing process, and then mixed with sulfur, accelerator, and activator. After vulcanization molding, a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density is obtained.

[0031] This invention provides a method for preparing a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density. The method involves introducing conductive carbon black and amino polysulfide prepared from sulfur, m-phenylenediamine and vinyl monomers into the isoprene rubber substrate of the flexible friction layer. The amino polysulfide serves as both an interface modifier for the highly conductive carbon black and isoprene rubber and a charge enhancer for the composite material, thereby increasing the surface charge density of the composite material.

[0032] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of sulfur, m-phenylenediamine, and vinyl monomer is 7:1:3.

[0033] In some embodiments, the vinyl monomer is one or more of styrene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, and vinyltoluene; in some preferred embodiments, the vinyl monomer is styrene.

[0034] In some embodiments, the conductive carbon black is high-conductivity carbon black 600 JD.

[0035] This invention provides a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density, using conductive carbon black as a functional filler. The method of this invention can also be extended to other functional fillers, such as other carbon-based conductive materials, such as one or more of carbon nanotubes, graphene, conductive graphite and carbon nanofibers, or metal-based conductive materials, such as silver nanowires and / or copper nanoparticles.

[0036] The above-mentioned amino polysulfide grafting modification improves its dispersibility and interfacial bonding in the rubber matrix.

[0037] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black and isoprene rubber is (0.3~0.8):(4.5~12):150; preferably, the mass ratio of amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black and isoprene rubber is 0.4:6:150.

[0038] Using amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black, and isoprene rubber in the aforementioned mass ratio as raw materials, the high electronegativity of the large number of sulfur atoms in the amino polysulfide molecular chain and its role as a charge reinforcing agent in the composite material can be fully utilized. When the amino polysulfide content is too low, it is difficult to achieve sufficient dispersion of conductive carbon black in isoprene rubber; when the amino polysulfide content is too high, it is impossible to significantly improve the surface charge density of the composite material. The preferred mass ratio of amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black, and isoprene rubber is 0.4:6:150. At this mass ratio, the conductive carbon black in the composite material is highly dispersed and has no obvious agglomeration. Amino polysulfide is the most effective interfacial modifier and charge trapping reinforcing agent for carbon black.

[0039] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the isoprene rubber, sulfur, accelerator and activator is 150:(2~3):(2~4):(7~10).

[0040] In some embodiments, the accelerator is accelerator CZ and / or accelerator DM; and / or, the activator is zinc oxide and / or stearic acid. Preferably, the mass ratio of isoprene rubber, sulfur, accelerator, and activator is 150:2.25:3:9, the accelerator is accelerator CZ and accelerator DM in a mass ratio of 3:1, and the activator is zinc oxide and stearic acid in a mass ratio of 5:1.

[0041] In some embodiments, the mixing of amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black and isoprene rubber is carried out in stages, including first plasticizing at room temperature for 5 minutes, and then heating to 150°C and mixing for 5 minutes; in the mixing with sulfur, accelerator and activator, the mixing is carried out at room temperature for 5 minutes; in the vulcanization molding, the vulcanization molding temperature is 150°C and the time is 8 minutes.

[0042] On the other hand, a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density is provided, the raw materials including isoprene rubber, highly conductive carbon black and amino polysulfide, wherein the amino polysulfide is obtained by reverse vulcanization copolymerization of sulfur, m-phenylenediamine and vinyl monomers.

[0043] This invention provides a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material, using isoprene rubber as a flexible friction layer matrix, highly conductive carbon black as a functional filler, and amino polysulfide obtained by reverse vulcanization copolymerization of sulfur, m-phenylenediamine, and vinyl monomers as an interface modifier and charge enhancer. This achieves uniform nanoscale dispersion of highly conductive carbon black in the isoprene rubber matrix and forms a micro-interface between the uniformly dispersed highly conductive carbon black and the flexible substrate, which can act as a physical charge trap. At the same time, based on the high electronegativity of sulfur atoms in the amino polysulfide molecular chain, the dielectric properties and charge trapping ability of the composite material are synergistically regulated, thereby improving the surface charge density of the material.

[0044] On another front, we provide an application of the aforementioned modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density in a triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0045] Prior to the application for this invention, a series of experiments were conducted. Some of the experimental results are listed below to provide a more detailed description of the invention. The following is a detailed description in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density, including:

[0048] Step 1: Synthesis of amino polysulfides (ATPS). The synthesis diagram is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] The specific synthesis process is as follows: sulfur is heated to 130℃ to melt, m-phenylenediamine is added and reacted for 1.5 hours, then styrene is added and reacted for 5 hours to obtain amino polysulfide (ATPS); the mass ratio of sulfur, m-phenylenediamine and styrene is 7:1:3.

[0051] Step 2: Preparation of composite materials:

[0052] The synthesized ATPS, high-conductivity carbon black (600 JD), and isoprene rubber (IR) were placed in a mixer. The mixture was first plasticized at room temperature for 5 minutes, then heated to 150°C and mixed for another 5 minutes. The resulting rubber was then mixed with sulfur (S8), accelerator CZ, accelerator DM, activator zinc oxide (ZnO), and activator stearic acid (Sta) in a two-roll mill at room temperature for 5 minutes to ensure uniform mixing. Finally, the mixture was vulcanized at 150°C for 8 minutes to obtain a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material, labeled IR / ATPS / 600 JD-4. The "4" at the end of IR / ATPS / 600 JD-4 indicates the number of 600 JD parts per 100 parts of isoprene rubber. The ratio of ATPS:600JD:IR:S8:ZnO:Sta:CZ:DM = 0.4:6:150:2.25:7.5:1.5:2.25:0.75.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] This comparative study investigates the effect of ATPS on the structure and properties of the product, and provides a method for preparing carbon black / isoprene rubber, including:

[0055] Highly conductive carbon black (600 JD) and isoprene rubber (IR) were placed in an internal mixer and plasticized at room temperature for 5 min, then heated to 150°C and mixed for 5 min. The mixed rubber was then mixed with sulfur (S8), accelerator CZ, accelerator DM, activator zinc oxide (ZnO), and activator stearic acid (Sta) in a two-roll mill at room temperature for 5 min to ensure uniform mixing. Subsequently, the mixture was vulcanized at 150°C for 8 min to obtain a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material, labeled as IR / 600 JD-4; the ratio of 600 JD:IR:S8:ZnO:Sta:CZ:DM = 6:150:2.25:7.5:1.5:2.25:0.75.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] This comparative study investigates the effect of ATPS on the structure and properties of the product, and provides a method for preparing carbon black / isoprene rubber, including:

[0058] Highly conductive carbon black (600 JD) and isoprene rubber (IR) were placed in an internal mixer and plasticized at room temperature for 5 min, then heated to 150°C and mixed for 5 min. The mixed rubber was then mixed with sulfur (S8), accelerator CZ, accelerator DM, activator zinc oxide (ZnO), and activator stearic acid (Sta) in a two-roll mill at room temperature for 5 min to ensure uniform mixing. Subsequently, the mixture was vulcanized at 150°C for 8 min to obtain a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material, labeled as IR / 600 JD-3; the ratio of 600 JD:IR:S8:ZnO:Sta:CZ:DM = 4.5:150:2.25:7.5:1.5:2.25:0.75.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This embodiment examines the effects of ATPS and high-conductivity carbon black dosage on the product structure and properties. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material is the same as in Example 1, except that the dosage of ATPS and high-conductivity carbon black used is different. The resulting composite material is labeled as IR / ATPS / 600 JD-5; the ratio of ATPS:600 JD:IR:S8:ZnO:Sta:CZ:DM = 0.5:7.5:150:2.25:7.5:1.5:2.25:0.75.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] This embodiment examines the effects of ATPS and high-conductivity carbon black dosage on the product structure and properties. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material is the same as in Example 1, except that the dosage of ATPS and high-conductivity carbon black used is different. The resulting composite material is labeled as IR / ATPS / 600 JD-6; the ratio of ATPS:600 JD:IR:S8:ZnO:Sta:CZ:DM = 0.6:9:150:2.25:7.5:1.5:2.25:0.75.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] This embodiment examines the effects of ATPS and high-conductivity carbon black dosage on the product structure and properties. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material is the same as in Example 1, except that the dosage of ATPS and high-conductivity carbon black used is different. The resulting composite material is labeled as IR / ATPS / 600 JD-7; the ratio of ATPS:600 JD:IR:S8:ZnO:Sta:CZ:DM = 0.7:10.5:150:2.25:7.5:1.5:2.25:0.75.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] This embodiment examines the effects of ATPS and high-conductivity carbon black dosage on the product structure and properties. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material is the same as in Example 1, except that the dosage of ATPS and high-conductivity carbon black used is different. The resulting composite material is labeled as IR / ATPS / 600 JD-8; the ratio of ATPS:600 JD:IR:S8:ZnO:Sta:CZ:DM = 0.8:12:150:2.25:7.5:1.5:2.25:0.75.

[0067] Performance Evaluation

[0068] Figure 1 Image a is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image (500 nm scale) of IR / 600 JD-4 of Comparative Example 1. Figure 1 b is a transmission electron microscope image (500 nm scale) of IR / ATPS / 600 JD-4 of Example 1. Figure 1 c is the transmission electron microscope image (200 nm scale) of IR / 600 JD-4 of Comparative Example 1. Figure 1 d is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image (200 nm scale) of IR / ATPS / 600 JD-4 from Example 1. According to Figure 1 As can be seen, the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material of the present invention exhibits no visible agglomerates in the transmission electron microscope field of view, achieving nanoscale uniform dispersion of carbon black within the rubber matrix. This fine microstructure facilitates the formation of a uniform surface potential distribution, avoiding localized charge concentration and dissipation.

[0069] Figure 2 The diagram shows the TENG output performance test results of the composite materials in each embodiment and comparative example. Table 1 summarizes the above output performance data. The triboelectric power generation performance was tested using a flexible electromechanical transducer system consisting of a linear motor, a 6514 electrometer, and an NI data acquisition card. The reciprocating motion of the linear motor achieves periodic contact-separation of the material, generating triboelectric signals. The 6514 electrometer collects the signals and transmits them to computer software via the acquisition card to obtain data and signal images. Figure a shows the comparison of short-circuit current; b shows the comparison of open-circuit voltage; and c shows the comparison of surface charge density.

[0070] according to Figure 2 As shown in Table 1, compared with isoprene rubber (IR) without the introduction of conductive carbon black and ATPS, the composite materials of each embodiment of the present invention have significantly improved short-circuit current, surface charge density and open-circuit voltage, with the surface charge density increasing by up to 2.6 times, the short-circuit current increasing by up to 2.87 times and the open-circuit voltage increasing by up to 2.48 times.

[0071] Comparative Examples 1 and 2 show that in composite materials incorporating highly conductive carbon black, the output performance decreases as the amount of highly conductive carbon black increases (from 3 parts by weight to 4 parts by weight). This may be because the uneven distribution caused by excessive highly conductive carbon black leads to agglomerates that affect the charge distribution of the composite material. Compared to the composite material without ATPS (IR / 600 JD), the output performance of the composite materials in each embodiment of the present invention is still significantly improved. Under the condition of the same amount of highly conductive carbon black, the surface charge density increases by up to 1.4 times, the short-circuit current increases by up to 1.33 times, and the open-circuit voltage increases by up to 0.85 times. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of TENG are both significantly improved, and the output power density is significantly increased. As can be seen, the modified carbon black / rubber composite material of the present invention can be integrated as a TENG friction layer into the tire inner liner or sidewall. The TENG generates electrical energy by repeatedly contacting and separating from the road surface or by periodic stretching deformation of the sidewall during tire operation. After rectification and voltage stabilization, this electrical energy can continuously power the tire's built-in sensors (such as tire pressure monitoring sensors, temperature sensors, and acceleration sensors), microprocessors, and wireless transmission modules, completely eliminating the lifespan limitations and high-temperature safety hazards of traditional batteries.

[0072] As can be seen from Examples 1 to 5, while keeping the ratio of ATPS to highly conductive carbon black constant, the output performance of the composite material shows a continuous decreasing trend as the amount of highly conductive carbon black added increases. Among them, the IR / ATPS / 600 JD-4 of Example 1 has the best output performance.

[0073] Table 1. Summary of TENG output performance data of composite materials in each embodiment and comparative example.

[0074]

[0075] The TENG output signal of the composite material of this invention is sensitive to tire deformation and can be used as a self-powered strain or pressure sensor for ground imprint monitoring, dynamic load monitoring, or wear warning. It can utilize the characteristics of the TENG output signal when the tire touches the ground, such as the direct relationship between the peak value or width and the ground imprint area, to determine in real time whether the tire is under-inflated or over-inflated by analyzing the signal. Alternatively, it can use the difference in TENG output amplitude under different loads to estimate the instantaneous load of the vehicle, providing data input for vehicle stability control (ESP) and suspension system. Or, it can utilize the characteristic that the TENG output signal waveform shifts due to changes in the tire's ground characteristics and stiffness as the tread wears, combined with long-term data monitoring and comparative analysis, to achieve online assessment and early warning of tire wear.

[0076] The waveform characteristics of the TENG output signal of the composite material of this invention vary depending on the contact friction characteristics between the tire and the road surface it is in contact with, such as dry asphalt road surface, wet and slippery road surface or icy and snowy road surface. By classifying and identifying the signal characteristics through machine learning algorithms, real-time perception of road conditions can be achieved, providing key road information for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving systems, and improving driving safety.

[0077] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density, characterized in that, include: Amino polysulfides were prepared using sulfur, m-phenylenediamine, and vinyl monomers as raw materials. The amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black, and isoprene rubber are mixed in an intensive mixing process, and then mixed with sulfur, accelerator, and activator. After vulcanization molding, a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density is obtained.

2. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vinyl monomer is one or more of styrene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, and vinyltoluene; and / or, the conductive carbon black is high-conductivity carbon black 600 JD.

3. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vinyl monomer is styrene.

4. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of sulfur, m-phenylenediamine, and vinyl monomer is 7:1:

3.

5. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of amino polysulfide, conductive carbon black and isoprene rubber is (0.3~0.8):(4.5~12):

150.

6. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of isoprene rubber, sulfur, accelerator and activator is 150:(2~3):(2~4):(7~10).

7. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accelerator is accelerator CZ and / or accelerator DM.

8. The method for preparing the modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density according to claim 1, characterized in that, The activator is zinc oxide and / or stearic acid.

9. A modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density, characterized in that, The raw materials include isoprene rubber, highly conductive carbon black, and amino polysulfide, wherein the amino polysulfide is obtained by reverse vulcanization copolymerization of sulfur, m-phenylenediamine, and vinyl monomers.

10. The application of a modified carbon black / isoprene rubber composite material with high surface charge density as described in claim 9 in a triboelectric nanogenerator.

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