Self-adaptive fluctuation industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system

Abstract

The invention discloses a cascade recovery and heat storage system for self-adaptive fluctuation industrial waste heat. The cascade recovery and heat storage system comprises a parameter sensing and control subsystem, a low-temperature heat pump circulation subsystem, a high-temperature power generation circulation subsystem, a waste heat cascade heat exchange subsystem and a heat storage peak regulation subsystem. The parameter sensing and control subsystem comprises a flow sensor arranged at an inlet of the waste heat conveying pipeline, a temperature sensor and a central controller electrically connected with the flow sensor and the temperature sensor. The integrated design of parameter sensing, dynamic adjustment, gradient utilization and heat storage is adopted, waste heat parameters are captured in real time through distributed sensing, high-temperature waste heat is directly guided into a power generation module to drive a unit to generate power, medium-temperature waste heat is directionally conveyed to a heat exchange module to prepare domestic or industrial hot water, and low-temperature waste heat is heated through a heat pump to prepare hot water. When monitoring that the waste heat flow exceeds the bearing capacity of the power generation / heat exchange module, the surplus waste heat is preferentially guided into the heat storage unit to be stored, and after the flow falls back, the surplus waste heat is gradually released for power generation or hot water preparation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial waste heat recovery and heat storage technology, and particularly relates to an adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial waste heat, as a secondary energy source generated during industrial production, is characterized by its large total volume and wide distribution. However, industrial waste heat generally suffers from severe parameter fluctuations. Its temperature often fluctuates periodically within the range of 150-800℃, and its flow rate can fluctuate by ±40%, with the period being difficult to predict.

[0003] Existing mainstream waste heat recovery equipment is usually designed based on stable operating conditions, which has significant shortcomings when dealing with fluctuating waste heat. First, the low-grade waste heat is poorly matched with the equipment, and the efficiency drops sharply when deviating from the design conditions. At the same time, sudden changes in parameters can easily cause equipment failures, such as dry burning of waste heat boilers or cracks in heat exchangers. The supply and demand mismatch is serious, resulting in a large amount of usable waste heat being wasted. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-efficiency recovery and energy storage system that can dynamically adapt to fluctuations in waste heat parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem that waste heat recovery equipment, which is usually designed based on stable operating conditions, has shortcomings when dealing with fluctuating waste heat, and to propose an adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system, the system being configured to include: The parameter sensing and control subsystem includes a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, and a central controller electrically connected to the flow sensor and temperature sensor, all installed at the inlet of the waste heat conveying pipeline. The low-temperature heat pump cycle subsystem includes: a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump cycle evaporator, a heat pump regenerator, a first compressor, a heat pump cooler, and a throttling valve; The high-temperature power generation cycle subsystem includes: a cooler, a second compressor, a high-temperature regenerator, a first valve, a second valve, an expander, and a generator; The waste heat cascade heat exchange subsystem includes: a high-temperature heater, a medium-temperature heater, and a low-temperature heat exchanger arranged sequentially along the waste heat flow direction; The thermal energy storage and peak shaving subsystem includes: The first peak-shaving thermal storage tank and the first peak-shaving cold storage tank are used for low-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The system includes a second peak-shaving heat storage tank, a first peak-shaving heat exchanger, a second peak-shaving cold storage tank, a first peak-shaving heater, and an eighth valve, all used for medium-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The third peak-shaving heat storage tank, the second peak-shaving heat exchanger, the third peak-shaving cold storage tank, the second peak-shaving heater, and the ninth valve are used for high-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The central controller is configured to control the opening degree of each valve and the start and stop of the first and second compressors based on the data collected by the flow sensor and temperature sensor.

[0006] As a further description of the above technical solution: It also includes fluid control valve assemblies: In the high-temperature power generation cycle subsystem, the first valve is installed on the connecting pipe between the high-temperature heater and the expander, and the second valve is installed on the connecting pipe between the second peak-shaving heater and the expander. The waste heat cascade heat exchange subsystem is also equipped with a third valve, a fourth valve, and a fifth valve; One end of the third valve is connected to the waste heat conveying pipeline, and the other end is connected to the second peak-shaving heat exchanger; One end of the fifth valve is connected to the waste heat conveying pipeline, and the other end is connected to the first peak-shaving heat exchanger; The sixth and seventh valves are used to regulate the flow rate of hot water.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: The cascade utilization connection relationship of the system is as follows: The low-temperature waste heat is transferred to the first peak-shaving heat storage tank via the low-temperature heat exchanger. The heat pump working fluid absorbs the heat from the first peak-shaving heat storage tank via the evaporator and then flows sequentially through the heat pump regenerator, the first compressor, and the heat pump cooler to produce hot water. The medium-temperature waste heat is released in the medium-temperature heater to prepare hot water, and the residual heat enters the low-temperature heat exchanger. The high-temperature waste heat is used to heat the working fluid of the power generation cycle by the high-temperature heater. The working fluid drives the expander to do work and drive the generator to generate electricity. The remaining heat flows through the medium-temperature heater and the low-temperature heat exchanger in sequence.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: The thermal storage and peak-shaving connection relationship of the system is as follows: When the waste heat flow exceeds the upper limit of the power generation cycle and the heat pump cycle, the central controller opens the third valve or the fifth valve. The excess high-temperature waste heat or medium-temperature waste heat is heated by the second peak-shaving heat exchanger or the first peak-shaving heat exchanger and stored in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank or the second peak-shaving heat storage tank, respectively. The excess low-temperature waste heat is stored in the first peak-shaving heat storage tank through the low-temperature heat exchanger.

[0009] When the waste heat flow rate drops or the energy demand increases, the central controller opens the ninth or eighth valve, and the working fluid in the third, second, or first peak-shaving heat storage tank releases heat in the second, first, or evaporator, respectively.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: Both the heat pump and power generation cycles use carbon dioxide as the working fluid.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: The heat storage medium in the third and second peak-shaving heat storage tanks is selected from one of the following: potassium nitrate-sodium nitrate mixed molten salt, mineral oil-type heat transfer oil, or n-alkane paraffin.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: The working fluid in the first peak-shaving heat storage tank is selected from one of water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, or methanol aqueous solution.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: The response time of the central controller is ≤0.3s; the measurement accuracy of the temperature sensor is ≤±0.5℃; the measurement accuracy of the flow sensor is ≤±1%; and the sampling frequency is ≤0.5s / time.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: The system is adapted to low-temperature waste heat temperatures of 20~90℃, medium-temperature waste heat temperatures of 90~200℃, and high-temperature waste heat temperatures of 200~800℃. The system is adapted to a waste heat flow fluctuation range of ±40%.

[0015] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In this invention, an integrated design of parameter sensing, dynamic adjustment, tiered utilization, and heat storage is adopted. Distributed sensors capture waste heat parameters in real time. High-temperature waste heat is directly introduced into the power generation module to drive the generator set to produce electricity. Medium-temperature waste heat is directionally transported to the heat exchange module to produce domestic or industrial hot water. Low-temperature waste heat is used to raise the temperature using a heat pump mechanism for producing domestic or industrial hot water. When the waste heat flow exceeds the capacity of the power generation / heat exchange module, the excess waste heat is preferentially introduced into the heat storage unit for storage. Once the flow rate decreases, it is gradually released for power generation or hot water production.

[0016] 2. This invention can be adapted to industrial waste heat with temperatures ranging from 20 to 800°C and flow fluctuations of ±40%, solving the problems of low efficiency and unstable operation of traditional equipment under fluctuating conditions. At the same time, by adopting a tiered utilization strategy of high-temperature waste heat power generation, medium-temperature waste heat hot water production, and low-temperature waste heat temperature boosting hot water production via heat pump, the energy utilization rate is significantly improved.

[0017] 3. In this invention, the fluctuating waste heat is transformed from an uncontrollable supply to a stable output through a multi-stage thermal storage and peak-shaving subsystem. This not only avoids equipment damage caused by sudden increases in flow, but also uses stored heat to compensate for demand during off-peak periods. The central controller, in conjunction with high-precision sensors, achieves rapid response and adjustment within 0.3 seconds, ensuring the stability of the system's dynamic operation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a system structure block diagram of an adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system proposed in this invention.

[0019] Legend: 1. Evaporator; 2. Heat pump regenerator; 3. First compressor; 4. Heat pump cooler; 5. Throttling valve; 6. Cooler; 7. Second compressor; 8. High-temperature regenerator; 9. First valve; 10. Second valve; 11. Expander; 12. Generator; 13. Flow sensor; 14. Temperature sensor; 15. Central controller; 16. Third valve; 17. Fourth valve; 18. Fifth valve; 19. High-temperature heater; 20. Medium-temperature heater 21. Low-temperature heat exchanger; 22. Sixth valve; 23. Seventh valve; 24. First peak-shaving thermal storage tank; 25. First peak-shaving cold storage tank; 26. Second peak-shaving cold storage tank; 27. First peak-shaving heat exchanger; 28. Second peak-shaving thermal storage tank; 29. ​​Eighth valve; 30. First peak-shaving heater; 31. Third peak-shaving cold storage tank; 32. Second peak-shaving heat exchanger; 33. Third peak-shaving thermal storage tank; 34. Ninth valve; 35. Second peak-shaving heater. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: an adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system, the system being configured to include: The parameter sensing and control subsystem includes a flow sensor 13 and a temperature sensor 14 installed at the inlet of the waste heat conveying pipeline, and a central controller 15 electrically connected to the flow sensor 13 and the temperature sensor 14. The low-temperature heat pump cycle subsystem includes: a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump cycle evaporator 1, a heat pump regenerator 2, a first compressor 3, a heat pump cooler 4, and a throttling valve 5; The high-temperature power generation cycle subsystem includes: cooler 6, second compressor 7, high-temperature regenerator 8, first valve 9, second valve 10, expander 11, and generator 12; The waste heat cascade heat exchange subsystem includes: a high-temperature heater 19, a medium-temperature heater 20, and a low-temperature heat exchanger 21 arranged sequentially along the waste heat flow direction; Specifically: Temperature sensor 14 and flow sensor 13, located at the inlet of the waste heat transfer pipeline, collect parameters such as temperature and flow rate of the waste heat in real time; and transmit the data to the central controller 15 in real time; the central controller 15 issues a command; when it is low-temperature waste heat, under the control command, the sixth valve 22 closes; the seventh valve 23 opens; and the first compressor 3 starts. The waste heat is transferred to the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 via the low-temperature heat exchanger 21; the heat pump working fluid absorbs the heat from the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 via the evaporator 1; then enters the heat pump regenerator 2 to absorb the residual heat before the working fluid is throttled and depressurized; after further pressurization and heating by the compressor, it enters the heat pump cooler 6; used to prepare domestic hot water or industrial hot water. Under the control command, the sixth valve 22 and the seventh valve 23 open; the first compressor 3 starts; the waste heat is released in the medium-temperature heater 20 and directly used to prepare domestic hot water or industrial hot water; the residual heat is transferred to the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 via the low-temperature heat exchanger 21 for heat pump circulation.

[0022] Under control commands, the high-temperature waste heat is used to heat the working fluid in the power generation cycle. The working fluid expands in the expander 11, driving the generator 12 to generate electricity from the waste heat. After being cooled by the cooler 6, the working fluid enters the second compressor 7 for pressurization. After initial heating by the high-temperature regenerator 8, it enters the high-temperature heater 19, completing the power generation cycle. The high-temperature waste heat is then cooled and released in the high-temperature heater 19. The remaining heat is used by the medium-temperature heater 20 to prepare domestic or industrial hot water. After further cooling and release in the low-temperature heater, the residual heat is used in a heat pump cycle, thus achieving the cascade utilization of industrial waste heat.

[0023] The thermal energy storage and peak shaving subsystem includes: The first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 and the first peak-shaving cold storage tank 25 are used for low-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The system includes a second peak-shaving cold storage tank 26, a first peak-shaving heat exchanger 27, a second peak-shaving heat storage tank 28, a first peak-shaving heater 30, and an eighth valve 29 for medium-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The system includes a third peak-shaving cold storage tank 31, a second peak-shaving heat exchanger 32, a third peak-shaving heat storage tank 33, a second peak-shaving heater 35, and a ninth valve 34, all used for high-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The central controller 15 is configured to control the opening degree of each valve and the start and stop of the first compressor 3 and the second compressor 7 based on the data collected by the flow sensor 13 and the temperature sensor 14.

[0024] Specifically: When the waste heat flow exceeds the upper limit of the power generation cycle and the heat pump cycle, the central controller 15 opens the third valve 16 or the fifth valve 18; the surplus high-temperature and medium-temperature waste heat is heated by the second peak-shaving heat exchanger 32 or the first peak-shaving heat exchanger 27 to heat the low-temperature heat storage medium in the third peak-shaving cold storage tank 31 or the second peak-shaving cold storage tank 26; after absorbing heat and heating up, the heat storage medium is stored in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank 33 or the second peak-shaving heat storage tank 28; while the surplus low-temperature waste heat is stored in the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 by the low-temperature heat exchanger 21. When the waste heat flow or temperature drops back to the normal range, or when the demand for power generation or heat consumption increases, the central controller 15 opens the ninth valve 34 and the second valve 10 or the eighth valve 29; the working medium in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank 33 or the second peak-shaving heat storage tank 28 releases the stored heat in the second peak-shaving heater 35 or the first peak-shaving heater 30; thereby increasing the power generation or heat production.

[0025] Furthermore, this also includes fluid control valve assemblies: In the high-temperature power generation cycle subsystem, the first valve 9 is installed on the connecting pipe between the high-temperature heater 19 and the expander 11, and the second valve 10 is installed on the connecting pipe between the second peak-shaving heater 35 and the expander 11. The waste heat cascade heat exchange subsystem is also equipped with a third valve 16, a fourth valve 17 and a fifth valve 18; One end of the third valve 16 is connected to the waste heat conveying pipeline, and the other end is connected to the second peak-shaving heat exchanger 32; One end of the fifth valve 18 is connected to the waste heat conveying pipeline, and the other end is connected to the first peak-shaving heat exchanger 27; The sixth valve 22 and the seventh valve 23 are used to regulate the flow rate of hot water.

[0026] Furthermore, the cascade utilization connection relationship of the system is as follows: Low-temperature waste heat is transferred to the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 via low-temperature heat exchanger 21. After the heat pump working fluid absorbs the heat from the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 via evaporator 1, it flows sequentially through heat pump regenerator 2, first compressor 3 to heat pump cooler 4 to produce hot water. The medium-temperature waste heat is released in the medium-temperature heater 20 to prepare hot water, and the residual heat enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 21. The high-temperature waste heat is heated by the high-temperature heater 19 to heat the working fluid for power generation. The working fluid drives the expander 11 to do work and drive the generator 12 to generate electricity. The remaining heat flows through the medium-temperature heater 20 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 21 in sequence.

[0027] Furthermore, the system's thermal storage and peak-shaving connection relationship is as follows: When the waste heat flow exceeds the carrying capacity limit of the power generation cycle and the heat pump cycle, the central controller 15 opens the third valve 16 or the fifth valve 18. The excess high-temperature waste heat or medium-temperature waste heat is heated by the second peak-shaving heat exchanger 32 or the first peak-shaving heat exchanger 27 and stored in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank 33 or the second peak-shaving heat storage tank 28, respectively. The excess low-temperature waste heat is stored in the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 through the low-temperature heat exchanger 21.

[0028] When the waste heat flow rate drops or the energy demand increases, the central controller 15 opens the ninth valve 34 or the eighth valve 29, and the working fluid in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank 33, the second peak-shaving heat storage tank 28, or the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 releases heat in the second peak-shaving heater 35, the first peak-shaving heater 30, or the evaporator 1, respectively.

[0029] Specifically: temperature sensor 14 and pressure sensor are distributed at the inlet of the waste heat conveying pipeline; real-time collection of parameters such as temperature and flow rate of waste heat; and real-time transmission of data to central controller 15; central controller 15 controls the opening degree of first valve 9, second valve 10, third valve 16, fourth valve 17, fifth valve 18, sixth valve 22, seventh valve 23, eighth valve 29, and ninth valve 34; central controller 15 controls the start and stop of first compressor 3 and second compressor 7; response time ≤0.3s.

[0030] Furthermore, both the heat pump cycle working fluid and the power generation cycle working fluid are carbon dioxide.

[0031] Furthermore, the heat storage medium in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank 33 and the second peak-shaving heat storage tank 28 is selected from one of the following: potassium nitrate-sodium nitrate mixed molten salt, mineral oil-type heat transfer oil, or n-alkane paraffin.

[0032] Furthermore, the working fluid in the first peak-shaving heat storage tank 24 is selected from one of water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution, or methanol aqueous solution.

[0033] Furthermore, the response time of the central controller 15 is ≤0.3s; the measurement accuracy of the temperature sensor 14 is ≤±0.5℃; the measurement accuracy of the flow sensor 13 is ≤±1%; and the sampling frequency is ≤0.5s / time.

[0034] Furthermore, the system is adapted to low-temperature waste heat temperatures of 20~90℃, medium-temperature waste heat temperatures of 90~200℃, and high-temperature waste heat temperatures of 200~800℃. The system is adapted to a waste heat flow fluctuation range of ±40%.

[0035] In this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "linking" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cascade recovery and heat storage system for adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat, characterized in that, The system is configured to include: The parameter sensing and control subsystem includes a flow sensor (13) and a temperature sensor (14) installed at the inlet of the waste heat conveying pipeline, and a central controller (15) electrically connected to the flow sensor (13) and the temperature sensor (14). The low-temperature heat pump cycle subsystem includes: a transcritical carbon dioxide heat pump cycle evaporator (1), a heat pump regenerator (2), a first compressor (3), a heat pump cooler (4), and a throttling valve (5). The high-temperature power generation cycle subsystem includes: a cooler (6), a second compressor (7), a high-temperature regenerator (8), a first valve (9), a second valve (10), an expander (11), and a generator (12). The waste heat cascade heat exchange subsystem includes a high-temperature heater (19), a medium-temperature heater (20), and a low-temperature heat exchanger (21) arranged sequentially along the waste heat flow direction. The thermal energy storage and peak shaving subsystem includes: The first peak-shaving heat storage tank (24) and the first peak-shaving cold storage tank (25) are used for low-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The system includes a second peak-shaving cold storage tank (26), a first peak-shaving heat exchanger (27), a second peak-shaving heat storage tank (28), a first peak-shaving heater (30), and an eighth valve (29) for medium-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The third peak-shaving cold storage tank (31), the second peak-shaving heat exchanger (32), the third peak-shaving heat storage tank (33), the second peak-shaving heater (35), and the ninth valve (34) are used for high-temperature waste heat peak shaving. The central controller (15) is configured to control the opening degree of each valve and the start and stop of the first compressor (3) and the second compressor (7) based on the data collected by the flow sensor (13) and the temperature sensor (14).

2. The adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes fluid control valve assemblies: In the high-temperature power generation cycle subsystem, the first valve (9) is installed on the connecting pipe between the high-temperature heater (19) and the expander (11), and the second valve (10) is installed on the connecting pipe between the second peak-shaving heater (35) and the expander (11). The waste heat cascade heat exchange subsystem is also equipped with a third valve (16), a fourth valve (17) and a fifth valve (18). One end of the third valve (16) is connected to the waste heat conveying pipeline, and the other end is connected to the second peak-shaving heat exchanger (32). One end of the fifth valve (18) is connected to the waste heat conveying pipeline, and the other end is connected to the first peak-shaving heat exchanger (27). The sixth valve (22) and the seventh valve (23) are used to regulate the flow rate of hot water.

3. The adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cascade utilization connection relationship of the system is as follows: Low-temperature waste heat is transferred to the first peak-shaving heat storage tank (24) via the low-temperature heat exchanger (21). The heat pump working fluid absorbs the heat from the first peak-shaving heat storage tank (24) via the evaporator (1) and then flows sequentially through the heat pump regenerator (2), the first compressor (3), and the heat pump cooler (4) to produce hot water. The residual heat is released in the medium-temperature heater (20) to prepare hot water, and the residual heat enters the low-temperature heat exchanger (21). The high-temperature waste heat is heated by the high-temperature heater (19) to heat the working fluid of the power generation cycle. The working fluid drives the expander (11) to do work and drive the generator (12) to generate electricity. The remaining heat flows through the medium-temperature heater (20) and the low-temperature heat exchanger (21) in sequence.

4. The adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system's thermal storage and peak-shaving connection relationships are as follows: When the waste heat flow exceeds the upper limit of the power generation cycle and the heat pump cycle, the central controller (15) opens the third valve (16) or the fifth valve (18). The excess high-temperature waste heat or medium-temperature waste heat is heated by the second peak-shaving heat exchanger (32) or the first peak-shaving heat exchanger (27) to the corresponding heat storage medium and stored in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank (33) or the second peak-shaving heat storage tank (28); the excess low-temperature waste heat is stored in the first peak-shaving heat storage tank (24) through the low-temperature heat exchanger (21). When the waste heat flow rate drops or the energy demand increases, the central controller (15) opens the ninth valve (34) or the eighth valve (29), and the working fluid in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank (33), the second peak-shaving heat storage tank (28), or the first peak-shaving heat storage tank (24) releases heat in the second peak-shaving heater (35), the first peak-shaving heater (30), or the evaporator (1), respectively.

5. The adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the heat pump cycle fluid and the power generation cycle fluid are carbon dioxide.

6. The adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage medium in the third peak-shaving heat storage tank (33) and the second peak-shaving heat storage tank (28) is selected from one of the following: potassium nitrate-sodium nitrate mixed molten salt, mineral oil-type heat transfer oil, or n-alkane paraffin.

7. The adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working fluid in the first peak-shaving heat storage tank (24) is selected from one of water, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution or methanol aqueous solution.

8. The adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response time of the central controller (15) is ≤0.3s; the measurement accuracy of the temperature sensor (14) is ≤±0.5℃; the measurement accuracy of the flow sensor (13) is ≤±1%; and the sampling frequency is ≤0.5s / time.

9. The adaptive fluctuating industrial waste heat cascade recovery and heat storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system is adapted to low-temperature waste heat temperatures of 20~90℃, medium-temperature waste heat temperatures of 90~200℃, and high-temperature waste heat temperatures of 200~800℃. The system is adapted to a waste heat flow fluctuation range of ±40%.

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