Magnetic-water composite vibration reduction bearing based on pole region magnetic field self-adaptive regulation and control

Abstract

The invention belongs to the composite technical field of magnetic field regulation and hydrodynamic force supporting, and discloses a magnetic-water composite vibration reduction bearing based on pole region magnetic field self-adaptive regulation, which comprises a rotor, a stator, a water lubricating film layer and a magnetic field generation assembly coaxially arranged with the stator, the magnetic water composite damping bearing with the self-adaptive magnetic pole distribution further comprises a self-adaptive magnetic pole distribution unit, a distributed sensing unit and a double-loop controller. The magnetic-water composite vibration reduction bearing has the advantages of being high in self-adaptive bearing capacity, excellent in broadband vibration reduction and low-noise performance, high in safety and redundancy, good in engineering adaptability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of magnetic field control and hydrodynamic support composite technology, and relates to a magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field. Background Technology

[0002] In ship propulsion systems, main bearings, as crucial support components of the propulsion shafting, bear critical functions such as supporting shaft operation, transmitting propulsion power, and suppressing the transmission of shaft vibration to the hull structure. They are one of the core components ensuring the operational stability and structural safety of ship propulsion systems. With the development of modern ships towards higher speeds, stealth capabilities, and higher reliability, main bearings not only need to meet basic load-bearing and lubrication requirements, but their role in reducing shaft vibration and controlling underwater radiated noise is also becoming increasingly prominent, becoming a significant factor affecting the overall performance of ships. Therefore, the research and development of high-performance, low-noise main bearing technology is of great engineering significance for achieving efficient, reliable, and low-noise operation of ship propulsion systems.

[0003] In existing engineering applications, water-lubricated main bearings, using water as the lubricating medium, have advantages such as environmental friendliness, strong cooling capacity, and adaptability to marine conditions, and are therefore widely used in ship propulsion shafting systems. However, under complex sea conditions and variable operating conditions, propulsion shafting systems are often accompanied by disturbances such as load fluctuations, periodic excitations, and external impacts. Traditional water-lubricated main bearings are prone to problems such as uneven load distribution, increased fluctuations in water film thickness, and amplified local resonance, which in turn leads to decreased shafting stability and increased vibration and noise levels, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-performance ships for low-noise and high-reliability operation.

[0004] To address these issues, magnetic-hydraulic composite main bearing technology has been proposed in recent years. This technology introduces permanent magnets or electromagnetic structures in the radial direction of the bearing to provide additional magnetic load-bearing capacity and stiffness, thereby improving the overall stiffness and damping characteristics of the system and enhancing the bearing's resistance to external disturbances. However, most existing magnetic-hydraulic composite main bearings employ fixed magnetic pole distribution or global electromagnetic adjustment based on a single control quantity. The magnetic field distribution lacks flexibility to adapt to changes in local operating conditions, making it difficult to achieve rapid redistribution of magnetic flux density under complex conditions such as oblique loads, impact loads, or variable speed operation. Furthermore, the water lubrication film primarily relies on hydrodynamic effects for passive support, limiting its adaptability to transient load changes and low-speed, heavy-load conditions, making it difficult to maintain good vibration reduction and noise reduction performance under strong external disturbances.

[0005] In summary, current technologies lack a magnetic-water composite bearing structure and control scheme capable of real-time, pole-region-level adjustment of the magnetic field distribution based on changes in shaft load and operating conditions, and forming a synergistic compensation mechanism with the water lubrication film. How to achieve adaptive control of the magnetic field distribution and water film support characteristics while ensuring both magnetic load capacity and the advantages of water lubrication, thereby improving the bearing's load uniformity, impact resistance, and vibration and noise reduction performance under complex sea conditions, has become a critical technical problem urgently needing to be solved in the field of ship propulsion shafting. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of uneven load distribution, high vibration and noise, and insufficient adaptability to changes in operating conditions in existing ship propulsion shaft bearings under complex conditions, this invention proposes a magnetic-water composite vibration-damping bearing based on adaptive control of the polar magnetic field. This bearing achieves real-time matching of magnetic pole strength and spatial distribution with load and water film state through a collaborative control system consisting of permanent magnet bias, polar electromagnetic adjustment, distributed sensing, and dual-loop control. It maintains the uniformity of bearing load and operational stability under external disturbances, and provides short-term safe support under power failure conditions through permanent magnet bias and water lubrication film.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention: A magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field includes a rotor, a stator, a water lubrication film layer, and a magnetic field generating component coaxially arranged with the stator; the magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field also includes an adaptive magnetic pole distribution unit, a distributed induction unit, and a dual-loop controller. The adaptive magnetic pole distribution unit is arranged as a pole shoe array along the circumference of the stator. This pole shoe array consists of multiple soft magnetic pole shoes, which are equally spaced along the inner circumferential wall of the stator. Each soft magnetic pole shoe independently forms an independent pole region. Each soft magnetic pole shoe includes a permanent magnet bias body and an electromagnetic correction coil. The permanent magnet bias body is located on the radial air gap side of the bearing between the stator and the rotor. The electromagnetic correction coil is wound in multiple layers on the outer side of the permanent magnet bias body away from the bearing air gap. The two form a coaxial nested magnetic flux superposition relationship. The permanent magnet bias body is used to provide the magnetic bearing capacity of the bearing, and the electromagnetic correction coil is used to independently adjust the magnetic flux density of the corresponding pole region. The distributed sensing unit includes a magnetic flux density sensor, a displacement sensor, a strain sensor, and a vibration sensor. Multiple detection points are arranged along the inner circumference of the stator, the bearing housing, and the outer circumference of the stator in both the circumferential and axial directions. A detection point is formed at the same pole region in the circumferential direction and at the same layer in the axial direction. Each detection point is equipped with one magnetic flux density sensor, one displacement sensor, one strain sensor, and one vibration sensor to obtain real-time measurement results for each pole region, including the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density, rotor load, rotor eccentricity, and changes in the thickness of the water lubrication film. The dual-loop controller is a two-layer control architecture consisting of an inner current loop and an outer state loop. The outer state loop incorporates a built-in Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm and a Gain Scheduling Control (GSC, pole-adaptive) algorithm. Magnetic flux density sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, and vibration sensors are configured one-to-one with each pole region of the stator circumferential direction. They collect the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density, rotor eccentricity, rotor load, and water lubrication film thickness changes of the corresponding pole regions and transmit them to the outer state loop of the dual-loop controller. The outer state loop generates corresponding current adjustment commands based on the real-time measurement results. After receiving the commands, the inner current loop drives the electromagnetic correction coil of the corresponding soft magnetic pole shoe to differentially adjust the magnetic flux density of each pole region while keeping the permanent magnet bias unchanged. This allows the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density to match the rotor load and water lubrication film thickness changes in real time, forming a magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing with adaptive load-bearing and vibration reduction capabilities.

[0008] The number of soft magnetic pole shoes is 8-24, and discrete pole regions are formed in the circumferential direction of the stator, so that the magnetic flux density can be adjusted independently according to the pole regions.

[0009] The permanent magnet biasing body is a magnetic pole component with soft magnetic pole shoes facing the radial air gap of the bearing, and is made of NdFeB or SmCo rare earth permanent magnet materials; the permanent magnet biasing body is an arc-shaped block structure adapted to the curvature of the inner peripheral wall of the stator, and the surface is sprayed with an anti-corrosion coating.

[0010] The magnetic flux density sensor is embedded in the inner circumferential wall of the stator. At least one magnetic flux density sensor is evenly distributed in each pole region of the stator circumferentially and in each layer of the axial direction, forming a detection ring in layers along the stator axial direction. The displacement sensor is installed on the inner circumferential wall of the stator facing the radial air gap of the bearing. One displacement sensor is distributed in each pole region of the stator circumferentially. The strain sensor is attached to the back wall of the bearing housing. One strain sensor is distributed at each load transfer point opposite to each pole region of the stator circumferentially in the bearing housing circumferential direction. The vibration sensor is fixed to the outer wall of the stator. One vibration sensor is distributed in each pole region of the stator circumferentially and at the bearing vibration damping point, arranged in layers along the stator axial direction.

[0011] In each soft magnetic pole shoe, the permanent magnet biasing element provides magnetic flux to the radial air gap of the bearing when no power is applied. The electromagnetic correction coil is only used to superimpose positive or negative magnetic flux on this magnetic flux to achieve fine adjustment and reconstruction of local magnetic pole strength.

[0012] The magnetic flux density sensor is distributed in 8-24 circumferential measuring points and 2-4 axial layers within the stator. The circumferential measuring points correspond one-to-one with the 8-24 soft magnetic pole shoes in the stator circumferential direction. Each soft magnetic pole shoe corresponds to at least one circumferentially arranged magnetic flux density sensor. The axial detection rings are arranged in layers according to the effective support section of the bearing. Each layer of detection rings is matched with the position of the soft magnetic pole shoe. The whole structure is a three-dimensional array layout adapted to the pole shoe array, which is used to obtain the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density.

[0013] When the electromagnetic correction coil loses power, the permanent magnet bias body and the water lubrication film layer together provide passive load, so that the rotor can still maintain stable operation for a certain period of time.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Strong adaptive load-bearing capacity: Compared with existing magnetic water composite bearings that use global electromagnetic adjustment, this invention improves the polar zone load compensation response speed by ≥50% under off-center load or impact conditions through distributed sensing and independent polar zone adjustment, and reduces the load uniformity error to within ±5%, thereby achieving dynamic and balanced load distribution according to working conditions.

[0015] 2. Excellent wideband vibration reduction and low noise performance: The magnetic field provides low-frequency (10–100Hz) and quasi-static support, while the water film suppresses mid-to-high frequency (100–1000Hz) fluid disturbances, forming a wideband vibration reduction mechanism of magnetic-water parallel connection, which reduces the amplitude of shaft vibration transmitted to the hull structure by ≥30% and the sound pressure level by ≥3dB(A).

[0016] 3. High safety and redundancy: In the event of power failure, the rotor can operate stably for ≥30 minutes at a speed ≤1800rpm, during which the maximum eccentricity does not exceed 0.3mm, meeting the emergency shutdown requirements and improving the operational safety and robustness of the propulsion shaft system.

[0017] 4. Good engineering adaptability: All components of the system adopt IP68 protection level design. The stator, soft magnetic pole shoes and sensor housing are made of 316L stainless steel. The electromagnetic correction coil is made of moisture and heat resistant insulation material. The permanent magnet bias body is coated with anti-corrosion coating to ensure continuous operation for ≥5000 hours in an environment with relative humidity of 85% and salt spray concentration of 5%. It can work for a long time in ship environments such as humid heat and high salt spray, and has good feasibility and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of all parts of this invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1-Stator; 2-Rotor; 3-Water lubricating film layer; 4-Permanent magnet biasing body; 5-Electromagnetic correction coil; 6-Soft magnetic pole shoe; 7-Magnetic density sensor; 8-Displacement sensor; 9-Strain sensor; 10-Vibration sensor; 11-Dual-loop controller. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0021] A magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field includes a rotor, a stator, a water lubrication film layer, and a magnetic field generating component coaxially arranged with the stator. This magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing also includes an adaptive magnetic pole distribution unit, a distributed sensing unit, and a dual-loop controller. Figure 1 , 2 As shown; The adaptive magnetic pole distribution unit is arranged as a pole shoe array along the circumference of the stator. This pole shoe array consists of multiple soft magnetic pole shoes, which are evenly spaced along the inner circumferential wall of the stator. Each soft magnetic pole shoe independently forms an independent pole region. The number (Z) of soft magnetic pole shoes in the magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing is 8-24, the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch (τ / p) of the magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing is 0.5-0.8, and the radial air gap (g) of the bearing is 0.2-1.5 mm. The ratio of pole arc to pole pitch... The values ​​of the pole pitch ratio and the radial air gap of the bearing are determined based on the rated load and speed of the bearing: when the rated load is ≥50kN, the pole pitch ratio is 0.6-0.8, and the radial air gap of the bearing is 0.5-1.5mm; when the rated load is <50kN, the pole pitch ratio is 0.5-0.7, and the radial air gap of the bearing is 0.2-0.8mm; each soft magnetic pole shoe includes a permanent magnet biasing body and an electromagnetic correction coil, wherein the permanent magnet biasing body is located in the radial air gap of the bearing between the stator and the rotor. On the air gap side, NdFeB or SmCo rare-earth permanent magnet materials are used. The permanent magnet bias body is an arc-shaped block structure adapted to the curvature of the inner circumferential wall of the stator, and the surface is coated with an anti-corrosion coating. Multiple layers of electromagnetic correction coils are tightly wound around the permanent magnet bias body on the outer side away from the bearing air gap, forming a coaxial nested magnetic flux superposition relationship. The peak current (Imax) of the electromagnetic correction coil in the magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing is 0.5-5A, the inductance (L) is 0.2-3mH, the number of turns is 50-200, and the wire diameter is 0.1-0.5mm. Simultaneously, the wiring terminals of the electromagnetic correction coil use IP68 waterproof sealing connectors, fixed in the sealed cavity on the side of the soft magnetic pole shoe, and connected to the dual-ring controller drive interface through a shielded waterproof cable. The outer sheath of the shielded waterproof cable is made of salt spray resistant fluororubber material to ensure electrical reliability in marine environments. The permanent magnet bias body provides the magnetic bearing capacity of the bearing, and the electromagnetic correction coil is used to independently adjust the magnetic flux density of the corresponding pole region, such as... Figure 2 , 3 As shown; The distributed sensing unit includes a magnetic flux density sensor, a displacement sensor, a strain sensor, and a vibration sensor. Multiple detection points are arranged along the inner circumference of the stator, the bearing housing, and the outer circumference of the stator at 8-24 points circumferentially and 2-4 layers axially. A detection point is formed at the same pole region circumferentially and at the same layer axially. Each detection point is equipped with one magnetic flux density sensor, one displacement sensor, one strain sensor, and one vibration sensor to acquire real-time measurement results for each pole region, including the spatial distribution of magnetic flux density, rotor load, rotor eccentricity, and changes in the thickness of the water lubrication film. Figure 2 , 3 As shown; The magnetic flux density sensor is embedded in the inner circumferential wall of the stator. At least one magnetic flux density sensor is deployed at each pole region in the stator circumferential direction and in each layer in the axial direction, forming a detection ring along the stator axial direction. Hall elements or fluxgate sensors are used to accurately acquire the spatial distribution field of the magnetic flux density (B) of the corresponding pole region. The displacement sensor is installed on the inner circumferential wall of the stator facing the radial air gap of the bearing. One sensor is deployed at each pole region in the stator circumferential direction. An eddy current probe is used, with a displacement resolution of no more than 1 μm, to measure the rotor eccentricity and its phase. The strain sensor is attached to the back wall of the bearing housing. One FBG strain gauge with a full-scale range of not less than 2000με is installed at each load transfer point opposite to each pole region in the stator circumference to the rotor circumference, to reflect rotor load changes in real time; vibration sensors are fixed to the outer wall of the stator, one at each pole region in the stator circumference and one at the bearing vibration damping point, arranged in layers along the stator axis, using accelerometers with a monitoring bandwidth of 0.1Hz-20kHz, to acquire high-frequency vibration characteristic quantities, including RMS and power spectral density PSD. The signals collected by each sensor are filtered and fused before being transmitted to the dual-loop controller, such as... Figure 2 , 3 As shown; The dual-loop controller is a two-layer control architecture consisting of an inner current loop and an outer state loop. The outer state loop incorporates a built-in Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm and a Gain Scheduling Control (GSC, polar-adaptive) algorithm, and is electrically connected to the distributed induction unit. The inner loop is a current control loop with a bandwidth of 2-5kHz and a response time ≤0.5ms, used to achieve fast and accurate tracking of the electromagnetic correction coil current. The outer loop is a state adjustment loop with an update frequency of 500-1000Hz. The prediction time domain is determined based on the bearing speed: 20-50ms for speeds ≥1800rpm and 50-100ms for speeds <1800rpm. The weight allocation of the optimization objectives is 0.4 for rotor eccentricity and 0 for water film thickness stability. 3. Vibration amplitude weighting is 0.3; magnetic flux density sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, and vibration sensors are configured one-to-one with each pole region of the stator circumferential direction. They respectively collect the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density in the corresponding pole region, the rotor's eccentricity, rotor load, and changes in the thickness of the water lubrication film layer, and transmit this data to the outer loop of the dual-loop controller. The outer loop generates corresponding current adjustment commands based on real-time measurement results. After receiving the commands, the inner current loop drives the electromagnetic correction coil of the corresponding soft magnetic pole shoe, differentially adjusting the magnetic flux density of each pole region while keeping the permanent magnet bias unchanged. This ensures that the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density matches the changes in rotor load and water lubrication film layer thickness in real time, forming a flexible magnetic support with adaptive load-bearing and vibration-damping capabilities. Figure 2 As shown; Furthermore, an annular water-lubricated cavity is formed between the rotor and the stator, filled with a water-lubricated film. This water-lubricated film is maintained by an external hydraulic-flow circuit, which includes a pressure sensor, a flow control valve, and a temperature controller. The pressure sensor collects the pressure signal of the water-lubricated cavity in real time, and the flow control valve adjusts the water supply according to the instructions of the dual-loop controller, with a pressure range of 0.05-0.5MPa and a flow rate of 1-10L / min. The temperature controller stabilizes the water temperature at 20-40℃ through a heating or cooling module, simultaneously achieving stable temperature and pressure control within ±0.5℃. Simultaneously, a 5μm precision filter is connected in series in the external hydraulic-flow circuit to filter solid impurities in the water; the circuit is equipped with a periodic drain port to discharge settled impurities through a valve, ensuring the cleanliness of the water-lubricated film and the stability of its hydrodynamic characteristics. The thickness of the water lubrication film is calculated using the rotor eccentricity measured by a displacement sensor and the radial air gap of the bearing. The calculation formula is: h = ge × cosθ (where h is the water film thickness, e is the rotor eccentricity, and θ is the eccentricity phase angle, which is obtained by performing a Fourier transform on the rotor radial displacement time-domain signal acquired by the displacement sensor. It reflects the relative position of the rotor eccentricity direction to the stator pole region, and its value ranges from 0 to 360°, corresponding one-to-one with the circumferential distribution position of the soft magnetic pole shoes). This ensures that the water film thickness fluctuates within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm, guaranteeing that the water film thickness and hydrodynamic characteristics remain stable under changing operating conditions. Figure 2, 3 As shown; The permanent magnet bias body provides magnetic flux to the radial air gap of the bearing when it is not energized. The electromagnetic correction coil is only used to superimpose positive or negative magnetic flux on this magnetic flux to achieve fine adjustment and reconstruction of local magnetic pole strength.

[0022] The magnetic flux density sensor is distributed in 8-24 circumferential measuring points and 2-4 axial layers within the stator. The circumferential measuring points correspond one-to-one with the 8-24 soft magnetic pole shoes in the stator circumferential direction. Each soft magnetic pole shoe corresponds to at least one circumferentially arranged magnetic flux density sensor. The axial detection rings are arranged in layers according to the effective support section of the bearing. Each layer of detection rings is matched with the position of the soft magnetic pole shoe. The whole structure is a three-dimensional array layout adapted to the pole shoe array, which is used to obtain the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density.

[0023] In the event of a power failure, the permanent magnet biasing element and the water lubrication film layer together provide passive load-bearing capacity. The permanent magnet biasing element provides ≥60% of the rated load-bearing capacity, while the water lubrication film layer provides the remaining load-bearing capacity, enabling the rotor to operate stably for ≥30 minutes at a speed ≤1800rpm, during which the maximum rotor eccentricity does not exceed 0.3mm, meeting the emergency shutdown requirements and achieving safe degradation operation of the system.

[0024] As described above, those skilled in the art can make various other corresponding changes and modifications based on the technical solutions and concepts of this invention, and all such changes and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field, comprising a rotor, a stator, a water lubrication film layer, and a magnetic field generating assembly coaxially arranged with the stator, characterized in that, The magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field also includes an adaptive magnetic pole distribution unit, a distributed sensing unit, and a dual-loop controller. The adaptive magnetic pole distribution unit is arranged as a pole shoe array along the circumference of the stator. The pole shoe array is composed of multiple soft magnetic pole shoes. The soft magnetic pole shoes are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the inner wall of the stator, and each soft magnetic pole shoe independently forms an independent pole region. Each soft magnetic pole shoe includes a permanent magnet bias body and an electromagnetic correction coil. The permanent magnet bias body is located on the radial air gap side of the bearing between the stator and the rotor. The electromagnetic correction coil is wound in multiple layers on the outer side of the permanent magnet bias body away from the bearing air gap. The two form a coaxial nested magnetic flux superposition relationship. The distributed sensing unit includes a magnetic flux density sensor, a displacement sensor, a strain sensor, and a vibration sensor, with multiple detection points arranged circumferentially and axially along the inner circumference of the stator, the bearing housing, and the outer circumference of the stator. A detection point is formed at the same pole region in the circumferential direction and the same layer in the axial direction of the stator. Each detection point is equipped with one magnetic flux density sensor, one displacement sensor, one strain sensor and one vibration sensor to obtain the real-time measurement results of each pole region, including the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density, rotor load, rotor eccentricity state and water lubrication film thickness change. The dual-loop controller is a two-layer control architecture consisting of an inner current loop and an outer state loop. The outer state loop incorporates model predictive control and gain scheduling control algorithms. Magnetic flux density sensors, displacement sensors, strain sensors, and vibration sensors are configured one-to-one with each pole region of the stator circumferential direction. They collect the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density, rotor eccentricity, rotor load, and water lubrication film thickness changes of the corresponding pole regions and transmit them to the outer state loop of the dual-loop controller. The outer state loop generates corresponding current adjustment commands based on the real-time measurement results. After receiving the commands, the inner current loop drives the electromagnetic correction coil of the corresponding soft magnetic pole shoe to differentially adjust the magnetic flux density of each pole region while keeping the permanent magnet bias unchanged. This allows the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density to match the rotor load and water lubrication film thickness changes in real time, forming a magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing with adaptive load-bearing and vibration reduction capabilities.

2. The magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of soft magnetic pole shoes is 8-24, and discrete pole regions are formed in the circumferential direction of the stator, so that the magnetic flux density can be adjusted independently according to the pole regions.

3. The magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The The permanent magnet biasing body is a magnetic pole component with soft magnetic pole shoes facing the radial air gap of the bearing, and is made of NdFeB or SmCo rare earth permanent magnet materials; the permanent magnet biasing body is an arc-shaped block structure adapted to the curvature of the inner peripheral wall of the stator, and the surface is sprayed with an anti-corrosion coating.

4. The magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The The magnetic flux density sensor is embedded in the inner circumferential wall of the stator. At least one magnetic flux density sensor is evenly distributed in each pole region of the stator circumferentially and in each layer of the axial direction, forming a detection ring in layers along the stator axial direction. The displacement sensor is installed on the inner circumferential wall of the stator facing the radial air gap of the bearing. One displacement sensor is distributed in each pole region of the stator circumferentially. The strain sensor is attached to the back wall of the bearing housing. One strain sensor is distributed at each load transfer point opposite to each pole region of the stator circumferentially in the bearing housing circumferentially. The vibration sensor is fixed to the outer wall of the stator. One vibration sensor is distributed in each pole region of the stator circumferentially and at the bearing vibration damping point, arranged in layers along the stator axial direction.

5. The magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, In each soft magnetic pole shoe, the permanent magnet biasing element provides magnetic flux to the radial air gap of the bearing when no power is applied. The electromagnetic correction coil is only used to superimpose positive or negative magnetic flux on this magnetic flux to achieve fine adjustment and reconstruction of local magnetic pole strength.

6. The magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic flux density sensor is distributed in 8-24 circumferential measuring points and 2-4 axial layers within the stator. The circumferential measuring points correspond one-to-one with the 8-24 soft magnetic pole shoes in the stator circumferential direction. Each soft magnetic pole shoe corresponds to at least one circumferentially arranged magnetic flux density sensor. The axial detection rings are arranged in layers according to the effective support section of the bearing. Each layer of detection rings is matched with the position of the soft magnetic pole shoe. The whole structure is a three-dimensional array layout adapted to the pole shoe array, which is used to obtain the spatial distribution field of magnetic flux density.

7. The magnetic-water composite vibration damping bearing based on adaptive control of polar magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the electromagnetic correction coil loses power, the permanent magnet bias body and the water lubrication film layer together provide passive load, so that the rotor can still maintain stable operation for a certain period of time.

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