Solid hydrogen storage tank containing integrated radial heat exchange structure and assembly and method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid hydrogen storage tank containing a radial porous heat exchange structure and an assembly and a method thereof, belongs to the technical field of solid hydrogen storage devices, and solves the problems of poor radial heat conductivity, slow reaction heat conduction and stress concentration and mass transfer resistance increase caused by alloy pulverization densification of the existing device. The hydrogen storage tank comprises a tank body, a valve and at least one porous heat exchange structure assembly. The assembly comprises an integrally-formed porous heat exchange structure with outer fins, multiple layers of annular array holes distributed in the radial direction are formed in the porous heat exchange structure, the hole diameters are gradually decreased layer by layer from outside to inside, the hole diameter of the outermost layer is 9%-16% of the diameter of the outer wall, the hole diameter of the innermost layer is 3%-5% of the diameter of the outer wall, and the radial heat conductivity coefficient is distributed in a gradient mode; a gas guide assembly is arranged in the center through hole, a powder diffusion resisting layer is arranged on the end face, and the array holes are filled with hydrogen storage alloy. The structure can improve the hydrogen charging and discharging rate, absorb stress generated by alloy volume change, and guarantee the safety and the service life of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid hydrogen storage device technology, and in particular to a solid hydrogen storage tank with an integrated radial heat exchange structure, its components, and methods. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen, as a high-calorific-value clean energy source, has a combustion calorific value three times that of gasoline. Its safe and efficient storage and transportation are crucial for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. Solid-state hydrogen storage technology utilizes the reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption characteristics of hydrogen storage alloys, exhibiting significant advantages in volumetric hydrogen storage density and operational safety. Furthermore, it features low operating pressure, adjustable size, and good compatibility with hydrogen production and consumption, and has already been widely applied in distributed power generation, mobile transportation, and other fields, representing an important direction for current hydrogen storage development.

[0003] In solid-state hydrogen storage devices, hydrogen storage alloys exhibit strong exothermic or endothermic effects during hydrogen absorption and desorption, and their particle or powder morphology results in extremely low thermal conductivity of the bed itself. Existing technologies focus on enhancing heat transfer by optimizing the internal structure of the container. For example, patent CN214663668U improves heat exchange by placing W-shaped filter plates between alloy beds; patent CN111195808A employs a layered design, confining the alloy bed between the heat exchange water pipe and the foamed copper disc for forced heat exchange. However, these solutions essentially add heat exchange structures or partition layers in the longitudinal direction of the container, primarily improving axial (longitudinal) heat transfer.

[0004] This type of longitudinally dominated design has inherent limitations: it fails to effectively address the severe thermal conduction attenuation problem along the radial direction (from the tank wall to the center) of the alloy bed. Because heat is difficult to efficiently conduct radially from the tank wall to the bed core, the core temperature is excessively high during hydrogen absorption and excessively low during hydrogen release. This radial thermal imbalance severely restricts the overall hydrogen absorption and release kinetics, becoming a major bottleneck in improving the efficiency of solid-state hydrogen storage tanks. Furthermore, the hydrogen storage alloy breaks down, pulverizes, and densifies during recycling, which not only further worsens radial thermal conduction but also generates continuous radial compressive stress on the tank, affecting long-term safety. Simultaneously, the dense powder bed also increases hydrogen mass transfer resistance.

[0005] Existing solid hydrogen storage tanks with heat exchange structures do not consider the radial heat distribution differences of the alloy bed inside the tank, and the overall design is complex, inevitably increasing manufacturing costs. The complex structure also leads to a large weight of the solid hydrogen storage system and a reduction in hydrogen storage density. Therefore, how to specifically enhance the radial heat conduction capacity of the alloy bed inside the solid hydrogen storage tank to balance the radial temperature field and alleviate the radial stress caused by pulverization, without significantly increasing the complexity and weight of the system, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a solid hydrogen storage tank with an integrated radial heat exchange structure, its components, and a method, in order to at least solve the technical problems in the prior art of uneven heat distribution inside the bed, accumulation or absence of reaction heat due to radial thermal conductivity differences, and increased hydrogen mass transfer resistance caused by alloy powdering and densification, thereby restricting the hydrogen charging and discharging kinetic rate.

[0007] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a solid hydrogen storage tank with a radial porous heat exchange structure, including a tank body, valves, and one or more porous heat exchange structure components; The tank body is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends; The porous heat exchange structure assembly is disposed inside the tank; The porous heat exchange structure assembly includes a porous heat exchange structure, an air guiding assembly, and a powder-resistant diffusion layer covering at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure. The porous heat exchange structure is an independently formed, integrated porous skeleton made of high thermal conductivity metal. It is a cylindrical unit with a third through hole that runs through the core. The outer peripheral wall has multiple heat exchange fins distributed circumferentially. In the skeleton area between the hole wall of the third through hole and the outer peripheral wall, there are multiple annular array holes arranged radially. These annular array holes are enclosed by the metal wall of the skeleton. The aperture of the multi-layer annular array of holes decreases layer by layer from the outside to the inside, resulting in a gradient distribution of the radial thermal conductivity of the porous heat exchange structure from the inside to the outside. The diameter of the outermost annular array of holes is 9% to 16% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure, and the diameter of the innermost annular array of holes is 3% to 5% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure. The air guiding component is disposed within the third through hole; The annular array holes and their gaps are filled with particulate hydrogen storage alloy.

[0008] Furthermore, the maximum outer diameter of the heat exchange fins in the free state is greater than the inner diameter of the tank; in the assembled state, the heat exchange fins undergo elastic deformation under pressure and fit tightly against the inner wall of the tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the solid hydrogen storage tank is axially filled with multiple porous heat exchange structure components, and an axial installation gap is maintained between adjacent components for hydrogen diffusion.

[0010] Furthermore, the air guiding assembly includes an air guiding spring and a braided sleeve that wraps around the air guiding spring. The air guiding assembly is inserted into the third through hole and fits tightly against the wall of the third through hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the powder-resistant diffusion layer includes a perforated metal mesh, a microporous metal mesh, and a foam metal layer stacked sequentially from the inside out; the edge of the foam metal layer has multiple fourth through holes, and the powder-resistant diffusion layer is fixed to the porous heat exchange structure as a whole by passing through and binding metal wires.

[0012] Furthermore, the inscribed circle diameter of the small-pore metal mesh is 0.5mm~2.5mm, the mesh diameter of the microporous metal mesh is 0.016mm~0.075mm, and the porosity of the foam metal layer is 50%~98%.

[0013] Furthermore, a sealing flange and a flange cover are respectively provided at both ends of the tank body. A sealing gasket is provided between the sealing flange and the flange cover, and they are fixedly connected by fastening bolts and fastening nuts. The valve is installed on the flange cover, and a filter element is provided in the gas passage inside the valve.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention proposes a method for preparing a solid hydrogen storage tank, wherein the solid hydrogen storage tank is the solid hydrogen storage tank described above, and the method includes the following steps: S1. Provide the integrally formed porous heat exchange structure; S2. Insert the air guide assembly into the third through hole; S3. A powder-resistant diffusion layer is provided and fixed on at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure; S4. Fill the annular array of holes and gaps in the porous heat exchange structure with particulate hydrogen storage alloy; S5. Insert at least one of the porous heat exchange structure components after alloy filling into the tank, so that the heat exchange fins are tightly attached to the inner wall of the tank. S6. Seal the tank and install the valve.

[0015] The present invention also proposes an application of the above-described solid hydrogen storage tank in hydrogen storage, the application including the step of filling the solid hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen under a constant temperature environment of 5-25°C and a hydrogen pressure of 2-5 MPa.

[0016] Furthermore, this invention proposes a porous heat exchange structure assembly for a solid hydrogen storage tank, comprising: The porous heat exchange structure is an independently formed modular porous cylindrical unit with an axially penetrating third through hole, multiple heat exchange fins on the outer wall, and a multi-layer annular array of holes between the outer wall and the wall of the third through hole. The diameter of the multi-layer annular array holes decreases layer by layer from the outside to the inside; the diameter of the outermost annular array holes is 9% to 16% of the diameter of the outer wall of the porous heat exchange structure, and the diameter of the innermost annular array holes is 3% to 5% of the diameter of the outer wall of the porous heat exchange structure. A gas guide assembly is installed in the third through hole; A powder-resistant diffusion layer covering at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure; And particulate hydrogen storage alloys filling the holes and gaps of the annular array.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1) The solid hydrogen storage tank of this invention adopts a radial gradient heat transfer structure. Its porous heat exchange structure component has multiple layers of radially arranged annular array holes, and the diameter of the annular array holes decreases layer by layer from the outside to the inside. The outermost hole diameter is 9%~16% of the diameter of the outer wall of the heat exchange structure, and the innermost hole diameter is 3%~5% of the diameter of the outer wall of the heat exchange structure, forming a radial thermal conductivity gradient distribution from the inside to the outside, which solves the bottleneck problem of poor heat conduction in the core of traditional hydrogen storage tanks. At the same time, during assembly, the heat exchange fins are tightly attached to the inner wall of the tank, constructing an efficient heat conduction path from the core of the alloy bed directly to the tank wall; combined with the axial installation gap between components and the end face foam metal layer, a smooth axial mass transfer channel is further constructed, realizing the synergistic optimization of radial heat conduction and axial gas conduction.

[0018] 2) As shown in the test data of the embodiments, compared with the comparative hydrogen storage tank without this structure, the hydrogen charging time of the present invention is shortened by 25%~39%, the average hydrogen charging rate is increased by 25.2%~33.6%; the hydrogen discharging time is shortened by 18%-40.4%, the average hydrogen discharging rate is increased by 22%-68.7%, and the proportion of constant-rate hydrogen discharging is increased by up to 13.4 percentage points; the tank surface temperature equilibrium time is shortened by 6.0%~34.0%, and the tank surface temperature is increased by 1.0~5.5℃ during the hydrogen charging process.

[0019] 3) This invention integrates hydrogen storage, heat conduction, gas conduction, powder blocking, and diffusion functions into a single porous heat exchange structure component through structural integration: hydrogen storage is achieved through the alloy within the annular array of holes; the porous heat exchange structure and fins achieve a gradient heat transfer path that is primarily radial while also considering the axial direction, solving the problem of heat accumulation in the core; the gas conduction channel constructed by the gas conduction component and the foam metal layer significantly reduces the hydrogen mass transfer resistance; the small-pore and micro-pore metal meshes with gradient pore sizes achieve graded powder blocking, preventing powder leakage; the elastically buffered foam metal layer and the reserved installation gaps facilitate stress release and uniform hydrogen distribution. This modular design simplifies the process and facilitates production and maintenance.

[0020] 4) In this invention, hydrogen storage alloy is divided and filled into annular array holes, and the channels are surrounded by a metal skeleton wall with high thermal conductivity to achieve rapid heat exchange; at the same time, the channels themselves are good hydrogen transport channels, which greatly reduces mass transfer resistance and improves the hydrogen charging and discharging kinetics.

[0021] 5) The porous heat exchange structure and other components used in this invention can be made of common metals such as aluminum and copper, and can be integrally formed by 3D printing or precision casting. The material cost is low, the market is readily available, and the weight is light. It will not reduce the mass and hydrogen storage density of the solid hydrogen storage tank, but can significantly improve its hydrogen filling and discharging performance, and has a very high cost performance.

[0022] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0024] Figure 1 This is an axial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of a solid hydrogen storage tank containing a porous heat exchange structure, which is an example of the present invention. Figure 2a This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an exemplary porous heat exchange structure of the present invention; Figure 2b for Figure 2a A top-down view; Figure 3a This is a front view schematic diagram of an exemplary porous heat exchange structure component of the present invention; Figure 3b for Figure 3a Axial sectional view; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional partial cross-sectional view of an exemplary porous heat exchange structure component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an exemplary air guiding component of the present invention, wherein the left figure is an air guiding spring and the right figure is an air guiding component wrapped with a braided sleeve; Figure 6 This is a comparison chart of the performance tests of the hydrogen charging process in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1; Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the performance tests of the hydrogen release process in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1; Figure 8 This is a comparison graph showing the performance of the hydrogen charging process in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. Figure 9 This is a comparison chart of the performance tests of the hydrogen release process in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2; Figure 10 This is a comparison chart of the performance tests of the hydrogen charging process in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3; Figure 11 This is a comparison chart of the performance tests of the hydrogen release process in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3.

[0025] Figure label: 100. Tank body; 110. Sealing flange; 111. First through hole; 120. Flange cover; 121. Second through hole; 122. Primary filter screen; 130. Fastening bolt; 131. Fastening nut; 140. Sealing gasket; 200. Valve; 210. Filter element; 300. Porous heat exchange structure assembly; 310. Porous heat exchange structure; 311. Heat exchange fins; 312. Third through hole; 320. Air guide assembly; 321. Air guide spring; 322. Braided sleeve; 330. Small-hole metal mesh; 340. Microporous metal mesh; 350. Foam metal layer; 351. Fourth through hole; 360. Metal wire; 370. Installation gap. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0027] To address the problems of low radial thermal conductivity, uneven heat distribution, mass transfer deterioration and stress concentration caused by alloy pulverization and densification in existing hydrogen storage alloy beds, as well as the complexity and high cost of existing enhanced heat exchange structures, this invention proposes a novel solution. This solution designs a modular structure integrating efficient radial heat exchange, stress buffering, hydrogen diffusion, and alloy confinement, and provides specific implementation methods for the manufacturing, application, and independent components of this structure.

[0028] On one hand, a specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a solid hydrogen storage tank containing a porous heat exchange structure. For example... Figure 1-5 As shown, the solid hydrogen storage tank includes a tank body 100, a valve 200, and one or more porous heat exchange structure components 300. The tank body 100 is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends; The porous heat exchange structure component 300 is disposed inside the tank 100; The porous heat exchange structure assembly 300 includes a porous heat exchange structure 310, an air guiding assembly 320, and a powder-resistant diffusion layer covering at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure 310. The porous heat exchange structure 310 is an independently formed, integrated porous skeleton made of high thermal conductivity metal. It is a cylindrical unit with an axially penetrating third through hole 312 in the core and multiple heat exchange fins 311 distributed circumferentially on its outer peripheral wall. In the skeleton area between the hole wall of the third through hole 312 and the outer peripheral wall, there are multiple layers of radially arranged annular array holes, which are enclosed by the metal wall of the skeleton. The aperture of the multi-layer annular array of holes decreases layer by layer from the outside to the inside, so that the radial thermal conductivity of the porous heat exchange structure (310) is distributed in a gradient from the inside to the outside; the diameter of the outermost annular array of holes is 9% to 16% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310, and the diameter of the innermost annular array of holes is 3% to 5% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310. The air guiding component 320 is disposed within the third through hole 312; The annular array holes and their gaps are filled with particulate hydrogen storage alloy.

[0029] Specifically, the tank 100 is a straight cylindrical pressure vessel open at both ends, and its two ends are sealed by a sealing flange 110, a flange cover 120, and a sealing gasket 140. The flange cover 120 has a second through hole 121 for installing the valve 200, and a primary filter screen 122 is welded to its inner side. A filter element 210 can be installed in the gas passage inside the valve 200.

[0030] The porous heat exchange structure component 300 is a prefabricated, functionally integrated independent module, and multiple components can be sequentially installed into the tank 100 along the axial direction. The core of each component 300 is the porous heat exchange structure 310. This structure 310 is a three-dimensional porous skeleton integrally formed from a high thermal conductivity metal (such as aluminum or copper alloy) through 3D printing or precision casting. The skeleton is cylindrical in shape, with a central through-hole 312 extending axially. On the outer peripheral wall of the skeleton, multiple circumferentially distributed rotating streamlined heat exchange fins 311 are integrally formed. Inside the skeleton, between the wall of the central through-hole 312 and the outer peripheral wall, multiple layers of radially arranged annular array holes are formed by the metal walls of the skeleton. These channels are distributed layer by layer in the radial direction, and the closer to the center, the denser the arrangement of the channels (i.e., the smaller the hole diameter or the smaller the hole spacing).

[0031] The air guiding assembly 320 consists of an air guiding spring 321 and a braided sleeve 322 that wraps around it, and it is tightly inserted and fixed in the third through hole 312.

[0032] The powder-resistant diffusion layer covers the upper and lower end faces of the porous heat exchange structure 310. It consists of a porous metal mesh 330, a microporous metal mesh 340, and a foam metal layer 350 stacked sequentially from the side closer to the hydrogen storage alloy (inner side) to the side farther away from the hydrogen storage alloy (outer side). These three layers are bound together by metal wires 360 passing through the fourth through-hole 351 at the edge of the foam metal layer 350, thus securing them to the porous heat exchange structure 310 as a whole.

[0033] The annular array holes and their tiny gaps are filled with granular hydrogen storage alloy.

[0034] When multiple components 300 are installed into the tank 100, a preset installation gap 370 is maintained between adjacent components. In the assembled state, the heat exchange fins 311 are deformed under pressure and fit tightly against the inner wall of the tank 100.

[0035] This embodiment further optimizes and refines the structure of each component of the hydrogen storage tank, resulting in tighter fit between the parts and better heat exchange, mass transfer, and stress buffering effects, as detailed below: The tank body 100 is provided with a sealing flange 110 and a flange cover 120 at both ends, respectively. A sealing gasket 140 is provided between the sealing flange 110 and the flange cover 120, and they are fixedly connected by fastening bolts 130 and fastening nuts 131. The valve 200 is installed on the flange cover 120, and a filter element 210 is provided in the gas passage inside the valve 200.

[0036] Furthermore, the sealing surfaces of the sealing flange 110 and the flange cover 120 are machined with grooves for installing the sealing gasket 140. The width of the groove is the same as the width of the sealing gasket 140, and the total depth of the groove is 2-5 mm less than the height of the sealing gasket 140. The sealing gasket 140 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene or stainless steel. A second through hole 121 is machined in the center of the flange cover 120 for installing the valve 200. On the sealing surface of the flange cover 120 (the side facing inwards from the tank), a primary stainless steel filter screen 122 is welded around the second through hole 121. Its mesh size is 0.05-0.5 mm, forming the first coarse filtration for hydrogen. A filter element 210 is installed in the gas passage inside the valve 200, with an average pore size not exceeding 0.5 μm.

[0037] Furthermore, the solid hydrogen storage tank is axially filled with multiple porous heat exchange structure components 300, with axial installation gaps 370 between adjacent components for hydrogen diffusion. The length of the installation gaps 370 ranges from 5 to 10 mm. In this configuration, the installation gaps 370 functionally form a channel for continuous axial diffusion of hydrogen, ensuring that the reactant gas reaches each component uniformly and guaranteeing the uniformity of hydrogen absorption and desorption in each component.

[0038] Specifically, the porous heat exchange structure 310 described in this embodiment is an integrated radially reinforced design. This structure can be manufactured from high thermal conductivity metals such as aluminum, copper, or their alloys using a one-piece molding process (such as 3D printing or precision casting). The porous heat exchange structure 310 has a pore wall thickness of 0.04~0.1mm, an overall height of 3~10cm, and a diameter of 10~20mm for its core third through-hole 312. This design maximizes the metal's thermal conductivity area and reduces weight while ensuring structural strength.

[0039] Furthermore, the heat exchange fins 311 are preferably streamlined in shape. In the free state, the maximum outer diameter of the heat exchange fins 311 is larger than the inner diameter of the tank 100; in the assembled state, the heat exchange fins 311 undergo elastic deformation under pressure and fit tightly against the inner wall of the tank 100. Specifically, the outer diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310 is designed to be 2-3 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the tank 100, while the maximum outer diameter of the heat exchange fins 311 in the freely extended state is 3-5 mm larger than the inner diameter of the tank 100, to form an interference fit.

[0040] The specific curvature of the rotating streamline (as shown in Figure 2) enables the fins to produce more uniform elastic deformation when compressed. During assembly, by rotating along its helical direction and applying axial pressure, the heat exchange fins 311 produce controllable elastic bending, ultimately forming a stable, large-area interference contact with the inner wall of the tank 100.

[0041] This design not only eliminates the contact thermal resistance between the traditional packed bed and the tank wall, allowing the tank wall to serve as a direct and efficient heat exchange interface, but more importantly, the elastic fins can absorb and buffer the radial compressive stress caused by changes in the volume of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the alloy and pulverization and sedimentation, thereby preventing excessive stress concentration in the local area of ​​the tank and improving the safety of the hydrogen storage tank in long-term cyclic use.

[0042] The arrangement density of the multi-layer annular array holes, which gradually increases radially inward, is an active response to the uneven distribution of radial heat flux density.

[0043] The radial densification pattern of the annular array holes is as follows: the outermost annular array holes connected to the outer wall of the porous heat exchange structure 310 have a diameter of 9% to 16% of the outer wall diameter, preferably no more than 16 mm in specific implementations; the diameter of each layer of annular array holes decreases progressively from the outermost layer inwards, and each layer of annular array holes is tangent to its adjacent outer annular array holes or perpendicularly connected by connecting ribs, arranged layer by layer inwards to the innermost annular array hole. The innermost annular array hole is tangent to or perpendicularly connected to the third through hole 312, and its diameter is 3% to 5% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310. In specific implementations, to ensure processability and structural strength, its diameter is usually controlled to be no less than 2 mm.

[0044] This outer, sparse-outer, inner-dense configuration allows for a denser high-thermal-conductivity metal skeleton in the core region, shortening the heat conduction path and creating a highly efficient radial heat conduction pathway extending from the tank wall through heat exchange fins 311, the outer porous structure, and layer by layer inwards to the core reaction zone. During hydrogen charging (exothermic), the heat generated in the core can be rapidly dissipated through this network; during hydrogen release (endothermic), external heat can also be efficiently transferred back into the core. This balances the radial temperature field of the bed, fundamentally preventing the inhibition of reaction kinetics due to overheating or overcooling of the core.

[0045] Furthermore, the air guiding assembly 320 includes an air guiding spring 321 and a braided sleeve 322 that wraps around the air guiding spring 321. The air guiding assembly 320 is inserted into the third through hole 312 and fits tightly against the wall of the third through hole 312.

[0046] The gas guide spring 321 is made of spring steel with a wire diameter of 0.6~2mm and an outer diameter of 8~18mm. The length of the gas guide spring 321 can be slightly shorter than the height of the third through hole 312 by 5~10mm. After the braided sleeve 322 is inserted and sealed, the total length of the gas guide assembly 320 is consistent with the height of the through hole. After this structure is inserted into the third through hole 312, the elasticity of the spring causes its outer wall to fit tightly against the through hole wall, which not only fixes itself, but also forms a low-resistance gas channel through the axis of the assembly together with the gaps in its internal cavity and the braided sleeve. During hydrogen release, especially for large-diameter tanks or high hydrogen release rate scenarios, the hydrogen in the central region can preferentially flow to the outlet through this channel, which reduces the hydrogen mass transfer resistance inside the bed body and, together with the radially densified channels, optimizes the overall mass transfer conditions.

[0047] Furthermore, the powder-blocking diffusion layer includes a perforated metal mesh 330, a microporous metal mesh 340, and a foamed metal layer 350 stacked sequentially from the side closest to the hydrogen storage alloy to the side furthest from the hydrogen storage alloy; the edge of the foamed metal layer 350 has multiple fourth through holes 351, and the powder-blocking diffusion layer is fixed to the porous heat exchange structure 310 by passing through and binding metal wires 360. The diameters of the perforated metal mesh 330, the microporous metal mesh 340, and the foamed metal layer 350 are all 1-2 mm larger than the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310.

[0048] Specifically, the porous metal mesh 330, microporous metal mesh 340, and foam metal layer 350 of the powder-resistant diffusion layer can all be selected from one or more of aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, or their alloys. The three layers are bonded together and complement each other's functions. The inscribed circle diameter of the small-hole metal mesh 330 is 0.5mm~2.5mm, the thickness is 0.1~1mm, and the wire diameter is 0.1~1mm. Its main function is to intercept larger alloy particles while preventing sharp particles from scratching the inner microporous metal mesh 340. The microporous metal mesh 340 has a smaller mesh diameter, ranging from 0.016mm to 0.075mm, a thickness of 0.05mm to 0.15mm, and a wire diameter of 0.015mm to 0.05mm. It fits tightly with the small-hole metal mesh 330, effectively blocking fine alloy powder generated during recycling and preventing it from leaking out and contaminating downstream systems. The foam metal layer 350 has a pore size of 0.1~1mm, a thickness of 3~10mm, and a porosity of 50%~98%. Its unique three-dimensional interconnected pore structure can provide a channel for uniform diffusion and distribution of hydrogen, ensuring smooth gas transmission during hydrogen absorption and desorption.

[0049] To securely integrate the aforementioned three-layer structure with the porous heat exchange structure 310, the edge of the foam metal layer 350 is provided with multiple fourth through holes 351, typically 4 to 8 evenly distributed along its circumference. The diameter of each through hole is 0.2 to 1 mm, and the central diameter of these through holes is the same as the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310. During assembly, it must be ensured that the fourth through holes 351 of the foam metal layer 350 on the upper and lower end faces of the porous heat exchange structure 310 are opposite each other and aligned on the same straight line. During assembly, a metal wire 360 ​​(its material can be one or more of aluminum, copper, nickel, iron, or alloys, with a wire diameter of 0.2 to 1 mm) is sequentially passed through the corresponding fourth through holes 351 on the upper and lower ends of the foam metal layer 350 of the porous heat exchange structure 310, and then passed through in the opposite direction along two adjacent opposite through holes. This process is repeated until all through holes are passed through. Finally, the two ends of the metal wire are tied together on the outer surface of the same foam metal layer 350. Thus, the entire powder-resistant diffusion layer and the core porous heat exchange structure 310 are fastened together into a structurally robust and functionally integrated porous heat exchange structure component 300. This fixing method is not only simple, reliable, and inexpensive, but also does not hinder the diffusion of hydrogen through the highly porosity foam metal layer 350.

[0050] Furthermore, in specific implementations, the material of the porous heat exchange structure 310 is not limited to aluminum or copper, but can also be other high thermal conductivity metals or alloys, such as nickel or iron-based alloys. Its outer wall diameter is typically 2-3 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the tank 100 to allow space for fin compression and deformation. The overall height of the assembly can be flexibly adjusted according to the design, for example, between 3 and 10 cm.

[0051] Before loading, the hydrogen storage alloy needs to be crushed and screened, for example, using a 10-100 mesh standard sieve to remove the undersize material. The screened material can then smoothly fill the densely packed annular array of pores and their gaps, with the filling rate (the ratio of the filling volume to the effective volume of the pore structure) controlled between 60% and 85%. This filling rate provides necessary buffer space for the alloy's hydrogen absorption and expansion, and is one of the important measures to alleviate internal stress. At the same time, confining the alloy within numerous independent pore units fundamentally limits its large-scale migration and overall densification tendency after pulverization during recycling, helping to maintain the long-term stable porosity and mass transfer performance of the bed.

[0052] On the other hand, a specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for preparing a solid hydrogen storage tank, wherein the solid hydrogen storage tank is the solid hydrogen storage tank described above, and the method includes the following steps: S1. The porous heat exchange structure 310 is integrally formed by processes such as 3D printing or precision casting; S2. Insert the air guide assembly 320 into the third through hole 312; S3. A powder-resistant diffusion layer is provided and fixed on at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure 310 to form a porous heat exchange structure assembly 300. S4. Fill the annular array of holes and gaps of the porous heat exchange structure 310 with particulate hydrogen storage alloy; S5. At least one of the porous heat exchange structure components 300 after being filled with alloy is installed into the tank 100, so that the heat exchange fins 311 are tightly attached to the inner wall of the tank 100. S6. Seal the tank 100 and install the valve 200.

[0053] In practice, this method has clear steps and is suitable for large-scale production. The specific operation is as follows: S1. Fabrication of the porous heat exchange structure and pretreatment of the tank body. First, a porous heat exchange structure 310 matching the tank body specifications is integrally molded using 3D printing or precision casting. Then, a stainless steel tank body 100 is selected, and impurities inside the tank are purged using high-pressure air or high-pressure inert gas to prevent contamination of the hydrogen storage alloy. Simultaneously, the porous heat exchange structure 310 is prepared, its specifications matching the tank body, and the gas guiding assembly 320 is assembled.

[0054] S2. Assemble the air guiding assembly. Insert the assembled air guiding assembly 320 into the central through hole 312 of the porous heat exchange structure 310, ensuring that it is installed in place.

[0055] S3. Seal the lower end face and fill with alloy. First, on the lower end face of the porous heat exchange structure 310, a small-pore metal mesh 330, a microporous metal mesh 340, and a foam metal layer 350 are sequentially laid to seal the lower end face, forming the first barrier to prevent alloy powder leakage. Subsequently, the crushed and sieved granular hydrogen storage alloy is weighed and carefully filled into all the annular array holes and gaps between holes from the opening on the upper end face of the porous heat exchange structure 310. The filling is ensured to be uniform and dense by vibration or tapping.

[0056] S4. Seal the upper end face and tighten the assembly. After the alloy filling is completed, repeat the laying of small-pore metal mesh 330, microporous metal mesh 340, and foam metal layer 350 on the upper end face of the alloy-filled structure. Note that the through holes 351 of the upper and lower foam metal layers 350 should be aligned. Then, use metal wire 360 ​​to pass through all the aligned through holes 351 and use a specific wire binding method to tighten the entire upper and lower end face to the porous heat exchange structure 310 into one piece, forming a complete and solid porous heat exchange structure assembly 300.

[0057] S5. Component insertion into the tank. Several such components are inserted into the tank body 100 while rotating along the spiral direction of their fins 311. The elastic deformation of the fins is used to achieve a tight fit with the tank wall, and a preset installation gap 370 is maintained between adjacent components.

[0058] S6. Final Sealing. First, screw the valve 200, with the filter element 210 embedded, into the mounting hole of the flange cover 120 and tighten it. Then, place the sealing gasket 140 into the grooves of the sealing flange 110 and the flange cover 120, and rotate the flange cover 120 so that the through holes of the sealing flange 110 and the flange cover 120 are on the same straight line. Insert the fastening bolts 130 into each through hole and tighten the fastening nuts 131 to seal the tank body, thus completing the assembly of the entire solid hydrogen storage tank.

[0059] Compared with the complex welding, heat exchange tube embedding, or layered pressing processes in the prior art, the preparation method provided in this embodiment is simple, does not require complex in-tank processing or welding, and most operations are completed at the component level, which facilitates automated production and quality control, and effectively overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art in terms of complex preparation processes and high costs.

[0060] A specific embodiment of the present invention also discloses the application of the above-described solid hydrogen storage tank in hydrogen storage. The application includes the step of filling the solid hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen under a constant temperature environment of 5–25°C and a hydrogen pressure of 2–5 MPa.

[0061] In this application scenario, the hydrogen storage alloy operates within its suitable thermodynamic equilibrium pressure and kinetic rate range. Because the solid-state hydrogen storage tank of this invention possesses radial heat exchange capabilities, its integrated, radially dense porous heat exchange structure can rapidly transfer the reaction heat generated during hydrogen charging from the alloy bed core to the tank wall. Therefore, even when charging hydrogen rapidly at a high flow rate, a relatively uniform low-temperature environment can be maintained within the bed, preventing a decrease in the reaction rate due to core overheating. This allows the alloy to continuously absorb hydrogen at a high rate close to its theoretical limit, thereby improving the hydrogen charging speed and the utilization rate of the hydrogen storage system.

[0062] Accordingly, in hydrogen release applications, the hydrogen-filled tank can be placed in a suitable heat exchange environment. Thanks to the same radially efficient heat conduction structure, external heat can be quickly transferred to the core of the bed, providing the energy required for the hydrogen release reaction and supporting a high hydrogen release rate.

[0063] Therefore, this invention is particularly suitable for hydrogen storage scenarios with high requirements for hydrogen charging and discharging rates and efficiency. For example, it can provide a stable, long-term hydrogen supply for hydrogen fuel cell systems with a power of approximately 400~1000W (such as light electric vehicles); it can also meet the short-term, rapid hydrogen supply needs in the hydrogen crushing process of NdFeB alloys. In addition, it also has good application prospects in hydrogen buffer storage at hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen storage units in distributed energy systems.

[0064] Furthermore, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, a porous heat exchange structure assembly for a solid hydrogen storage tank is disclosed.

[0065] The component itself is a fully functional solid-state hydrogen storage reaction unit. It includes: a porous heat exchange structure 310, which is an independently formed modular porous cylindrical unit with an axially penetrating third through hole 312, multiple heat exchange fins 311 on the outer wall, and a multi-layer annular array of holes between the outer wall and the wall of the third through hole 312; The diameter of the multi-layer annular array holes decreases layer by layer from the outside to the inside; the diameter of the outermost annular array holes is 9% to 16% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310, and the diameter of the innermost annular array holes is 3% to 5% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310. A gas guiding component 320 disposed within the third through hole 312; a powder-resistant diffusion layer covering at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure 310; and a particulate hydrogen storage alloy filling the annular array holes and their gaps.

[0066] This component is a standardized hydrogen storage module, and its specifications can be serialized. By combining different numbers of components of the same specifications, hydrogen storage tanks of different capacities can be constructed, which improves the flexibility of product design and the degree of standardization in production.

[0067] The present invention will be described in more detail below through specific embodiments. These embodiments are merely descriptions of the best implementation of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention in any way.

[0068] Example 1 The solid hydrogen storage tank structure in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific structure is as follows: Tank 100 is a straight cylindrical stainless steel tank open at both ends, with an outer diameter of 76mm, a wall thickness of 4mm, an effective internal height of 72cm, and a volume of 2.5L. Both ends are sealed using sealing flanges 110, flange covers 120, PTFE gaskets 140, and fastening bolts 130 / nuts 131. The sealing surfaces of both sealing flanges 110 and flange covers 120 are machined with grooves, 1mm deep and 10mm wide. Eight through holes are evenly spaced along the outer edge of the flange for fastening bolts. Flange cover 120 has an NPT1 / 4 threaded hole at its center, with a stainless steel primary filter screen 122 (0.1mm aperture) welded to it.

[0069] Valve 200 is installed on flange cover 120, and its internal gas passage is equipped with filter element 210 with a filtration accuracy of 0.5μm.

[0070] Eight porous heat exchanger components 300 are installed inside the tank 100. Each porous heat exchanger component has a height of 72.2 mm. A 5 mm installation gap 370 is maintained between adjacent porous heat exchanger components.

[0071] Each porous heat exchanger assembly includes: Porous heat exchange structure 310: Formed integrally using 3004 aluminum alloy powder through selective laser melting 3D printing technology, its structure is as follows... Figure 2a , 2b As shown. Its height is 6cm, outer wall diameter is 66mm, and the core has an axially penetrating third through-hole 312 (diameter 12.5mm). The outer wall has multiple rotating streamlined heat exchange fins 311 distributed circumferentially, with a maximum outer diameter of 72mm in the free state. Between the outer wall and the wall of the third through-hole 312, there are multiple layers of radially arranged annular array holes, with the arrangement density gradually increasing radially inward. Specifically, this embodiment has a total of 5 layers of annular array holes, with the hole diameters of each layer from the outside in as follows: the first layer (outermost layer) diameter is 10.3mm, the second layer diameter is 8.1mm, the third layer diameter is 6.0mm, the fourth layer diameter is 4.2mm, and the fifth layer (innermost layer) diameter is 2.3mm. Adjacent layers of holes are vertically connected by a metal skeleton. The hole wall thickness is 0.1mm.

[0072] Air guide assembly 320: disposed within the third through hole 312 (e.g.) Figure 5It includes a gas spring 321 (spring steel, wire diameter 1mm, outer diameter 10mm) and a copper wire braided sleeve 322 that wraps around it.

[0073] Powder-resistant diffusion layer: Covers the upper and lower end faces of the porous heat exchange structure 310. From the inside out, it consists of: a small-pore metal mesh 330 (1060 pure aluminum, 1mm thick, 1mm inscribed circle diameter, 0.5mm wire diameter, 67.5mm diameter), a microporous metal mesh 340 (pure copper, 0.1mm thick, 0.032mm mesh diameter, 0.03mm wire diameter, 67.5mm diameter), and a foam metal layer 350 (nickel-iron alloy, 5mm thick, 0.6mm pore size, 98% porosity, 67.5mm diameter). Eight fourth through holes 351 (0.6mm pore size) are formed at the edge of the foam metal layer 350. Aluminum wires 360 (0.5mm diameter) are threaded through and bound to the foam metal layer 350, fixing the three-layer structure to the porous heat exchange structure 310 as a single unit (as shown in Figures 3 and 4).

[0074] Hydrogen storage alloy: 875g of rare earth LaCaNi granular hydrogen storage alloy, crushed by a jaw crusher and screened through a 10-mesh standard sieve, is slowly and evenly loaded into the annular array holes and gaps of the porous heat exchange structure 310, keeping the alloy filling height in each hole basically consistent, with a filling height of about 50mm and a filling volume ratio of about 83%.

[0075] The preparation of this solid hydrogen storage tank includes the following steps: (1) Clean the tank 100.

[0076] (2) Fabrication of porous heat exchange structure component 300: a. Using selective laser melting 3D printing technology, a single piece of 3004 aluminum alloy powder is integrally formed to produce, such as... Figure 2a , 2b The porous heat exchange structure 310 shown is illustrated.

[0077] b. Insert the assembled air guide assembly 320 into its third through hole 312.

[0078] c. Lay small-hole metal mesh 330, micro-pore metal mesh 340, and foam metal layer 350 sequentially on its lower end face.

[0079] d. Fill the annular array of holes and gaps in the porous heat exchange structure 310 with 875g of hydrogen storage alloy particles.

[0080] e. After filling, repeat the small-hole metal mesh 330, micro-hole metal mesh 340, and foam metal layer 350 on its upper surface, and align the fourth through hole 351 of the upper and lower foam metal layers 350.

[0081] f. Use metal wire 360 ​​to thread and bind all aligned fourth through holes 351, and fasten the powder diffusion layer on the upper and lower end faces and the porous heat exchange structure 310 into one piece to complete the fabrication of a single component.

[0082] g. Repeat step af to prepare a total of 8 components.

[0083] (3) Rotate the 8 components along the fin direction and press them into the tank 100 to ensure that the fins 311 are tightly attached to the tank wall and leave a 5mm gap between the components.

[0084] (4) Install the sealing gasket 140, cover the flange cover 120, and tighten the seal with bolts 130 / nuts 131.

[0085] (5) Install valve 200 with built-in filter element 210.

[0086] The solid hydrogen storage tank prepared above was used for hydrogen storage, and its hydrogen filling and dewatering performance testing procedure is as follows: (1) Activation: Connect the hydrogen storage tank to the test system and evacuate for 30 minutes. After passing the airtightness test, wrap it with a heating jacket and evacuate at 150°C for 2 hours. After cooling, charge hydrogen in a 15°C constant temperature water bath at 5MPa hydrogen pressure until the flow rate is zero; then transfer it to a 60°C water bath to release hydrogen until the flow rate is <1 SLM, and continue evacuating for 60 minutes to complete the activation.

[0087] (2) Hydrogen Filling: Place the tank in a 15℃ constant temperature circulating water bath, adjust the hydrogen pressure to 5MPa, and fill the tank with hydrogen at the maximum flow rate. Monitor relevant parameters until the hydrogen flow rate stabilizes and remains constant. The performance test curve for this hydrogen filling process is shown in [reference needed]. Figure 6 .

[0088] (3) Hydrogen Release (Simulating Hydrogen Supply from a 1kW Fuel Cell): The hydrogen-filled tank was placed in a 60℃ circulating water heat exchange environment. The hydrogen release flow rate was set to 15 SLM. The valve was opened to release hydrogen, and relevant parameters were monitored. Hydrogen release was stopped when the hydrogen flow rate was ≤1 SLM, and the hydrogen release efficiency was calculated. The performance test curve of this hydrogen release process is shown in [reference needed]. Figure 7 .

[0089] Example 2 This embodiment is completely identical to Example 1 in terms of solid hydrogen storage tank structure, preparation steps, and activation method, except that: The porous heat exchange structure 310 is made of copper, with a height of 8cm, a hole wall thickness of 0.06mm, and a third through hole diameter of 13.4mm.

[0090] The outermost annular array aperture has a diameter of 9.5 mm, and the innermost annular array aperture has a diameter of 3.2 mm.

[0091] The maximum outer diameter of the heat exchange fin 311 in its free state is 73mm.

[0092] The air guide spring 321 of the air guide assembly 320 has a wire diameter of 1.5mm and an outer diameter of 12mm.

[0093] Each hydrogen storage alloy component is filled with 1000g, accounting for approximately 80% of the total volume.

[0094] The tank uses 7 components, with an installation gap of 8mm at 370.

[0095] The constant temperature water bath temperature is 10℃ and the hydrogen pressure is 3MPa during hydrogen charging.

[0096] This embodiment simulates a short-term, rapid hydrogen supply scenario during the hydrogen crushing process of NdFeB alloy sheets with low rare-earth content. Specifically, it describes the hydrogen crushing of alloy sheets in the initial stage of manufacturing low-cerium-content NdFeB magnets. The hydrogen release method uses a flow rate of 50 SLM for the hydrogen release flow meter, and the rest of the hydrogen release method is identical to that in Example 1. The performance test curves for this hydrogen charging process are shown below. Figure 8 The performance test curves for the hydrogen release process are shown in [reference needed]. Figure 9 .

[0097] Example 3 This embodiment is completely identical to Embodiment 1 in terms of solid hydrogen storage tank structure, preparation steps, activation, and hydrogen filling methods, except that: The porous heat exchange structure 310 is made of 6061 aluminum alloy, with a height of 5cm, a hole wall thickness of 0.08mm, and a third through hole diameter of 13mm. The outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure 310 is 66mm, the outermost annular array hole diameter is 10.5mm, and the innermost annular array hole diameter is 2.8mm.

[0098] The maximum outer diameter of the heat exchange fin 311 in its free state is 70mm.

[0099] The air guide spring 321 of the air guide assembly 320 has a wire diameter of 0.8mm and an outer diameter of 12mm.

[0100] Each component is filled with 700g of hydrogen storage alloy, accounting for approximately 80% of the total volume.

[0101] The tank uses 10 components, with an installation gap of 6mm at 370.

[0102] The constant temperature water bath temperature is 20℃ and the hydrogen pressure is 4MPa during hydrogen charging.

[0103] This embodiment simulates a short-term, rapid hydrogen supply scenario during the hydrogen crushing of NdFeB alloy sheets with high rare-earth content. Specifically, it describes the hydrogen crushing of alloy sheets in the initial stage of manufacturing high-cerium-content NdFeB magnets. The hydrogen release method uses 60°C circulating water heat exchange, and the flow rate of the hydrogen release flow meter is set to 300 SLM. The rest of the hydrogen release method is exactly the same as in Example 1. The performance test curves for this hydrogen charging process are shown below. Figure 10The performance test curves for the hydrogen release process are shown in [reference needed]. Figure 11 .

[0104] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a solid-state hydrogen storage tank for performance comparison with Example 1. The only difference between it and Example 1 is that it does not contain any porous heat exchange structure component 300. The tank body 100 and valve 200 (including filter element 210) are identical in specifications to Example 1. A total of 7 kg of the same LaCaNi hydrogen storage alloy particles (after the same crushing and screening process) are directly loaded into the tank body 100 to form a dense packed bed, without any internal structured heat exchange or partitioning components. Its hydrogen filling and dewatering test conditions are exactly the same as those of Example 1.

[0105] Comparative Example 2 The solid hydrogen storage tank in this comparative example is exactly the same as that in Comparative Example 1. Its hydrogen filling and discharging test conditions are exactly the same as those in Example 2.

[0106] Comparative Example 3 The solid hydrogen storage tank in this comparative example is exactly the same as that in Comparative Example 1. Its hydrogen filling and discharging test conditions are exactly the same as those in Example 3.

[0107] Characterization results and analysis The hydrogen charging and discharging performance of the solid hydrogen storage tanks of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested, and the test curves are shown below. Figures 6-11 As shown, the specific performance parameters are summarized in Table 1.

[0108] Table 1 Comparison of hydrogen charge / discharge performance parameters between the examples and comparative examples

[0109] Note: The hydrogen charging and discharging processes are measured using flow meters with different ranges. The cumulative flow values ​​of the two processes are based on their respective independent metering systems and are not directly comparable.

[0110] From the data in Table 1, we can conclude that: Regarding hydrogen charging, under the same conditions, Example 1, compared to Comparative Example 1, reduced the charging time from 80 minutes to 60 minutes (a reduction of 25.0%), increased the average charging rate from 15.9 SLM to 21.25 SLM (an increase of 33.6%), increased the maximum surface temperature of the tank by 5.5°C, and shortened the temperature equilibrium time by 10.8%. Examples 2 and 3, compared to Comparative Examples 2 and 3, also reduced the charging time and significantly increased the charging rate. This demonstrates that the integrated radially dense porous heat exchange structure of the present invention greatly improves radial heat transfer and enhances hydrogen charging kinetics.

[0111] Regarding hydrogen release, Examples 1-3, compared to their corresponding Comparative Examples 1-3, exhibit shorter hydrogen release times, higher average hydrogen release rates (up to 68.7% improvement), and a larger proportion of the constant-rate hydrogen release phase. Specifically, Example 1 shows an 18% reduction in hydrogen release time, a 17% increase in constant-rate hydrogen release volume, and a 13.4% increase in the constant-rate hydrogen release volume / hydrogen release volume ratio compared to Comparative Example 1; Example 2 shows a 37.4% reduction in hydrogen release time, a 21% increase in constant-rate hydrogen release volume, and a 7.4% increase in the constant-rate hydrogen release volume / hydrogen release volume ratio compared to Comparative Example 2; and Example 3 shows a 40.4% reduction in hydrogen release time compared to Comparative Example 3. This demonstrates that the structure can promote heat supply and maintain high-speed hydrogen release in various application scenarios, such as long-term hydrogen supply in fuel cells and short-term rapid hydrogen supply from NdFeB alloy hydrogen storage tanks, showcasing the comprehensive environmental application advantages of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank of this invention.

[0112] In summary, the solid hydrogen storage tank of the present invention solves the problems of poor heat transfer and slow rate of traditional solid hydrogen storage beds through an integrated, radially densified, finned porous heat exchange structure. At the same time, the modular design simplifies the manufacturing process and exhibits excellent comprehensive performance.

[0113] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid hydrogen storage tank with a radially porous heat exchange structure, characterized in that, Includes a tank (100), valves (200), and one or more porous heat exchange structure components (300); The tank (100) is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends; The porous heat exchange structure assembly (300) is disposed inside the tank body (100); The porous heat exchange structure assembly (300) includes a porous heat exchange structure (310), an air guiding assembly (320), and a powder-resistant diffusion layer covering at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure (310). The porous heat exchange structure (310) is an independently formed integrated porous skeleton made of high thermal conductivity metal. Its whole is in the shape of a cylindrical unit. The core is provided with an axially penetrating third through hole (312). Its outer peripheral wall is provided with multiple heat exchange fins (311) distributed in the circumferential direction. In the skeleton area between the hole wall of the third through hole (312) and the outer peripheral wall, there are multiple layers of radially arranged annular array holes. These annular array holes are surrounded by the metal wall surface of the skeleton. The aperture of the multi-layer annular array of holes decreases layer by layer from the outside to the inside, so that the radial thermal conductivity of the porous heat exchange structure (310) is distributed in a gradient from the inside to the outside; the diameter of the outermost annular array of holes is 9% to 16% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure (310), and the diameter of the innermost annular array of holes is 3% to 5% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure (310); The air guiding component (320) is disposed within the third through hole (312); The annular array holes and their gaps are filled with particulate hydrogen storage alloy.

2. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum outer diameter of the heat exchange fins (311) in the free state is greater than the inner diameter of the tank (100); in the assembled state, the heat exchange fins (311) undergo elastic deformation under pressure and fit tightly against the inner wall of the tank (100).

3. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid hydrogen storage tank is axially filled with multiple porous heat exchange structure components (300), and an axial installation gap (370) is maintained between adjacent components for hydrogen diffusion.

4. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air guiding assembly (320) includes an air guiding spring (321) and a braided sleeve (322) that wraps the air guiding spring (321). The air guiding assembly (320) is inserted into the third through hole (312) and fits tightly against the wall of the third through hole (312).

5. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The powder-resistant diffusion layer includes a perforated metal mesh (330), a microporous metal mesh (340), and a foam metal layer (350) stacked sequentially from the inside to the outside. The edge of the foam metal layer (350) has multiple fourth through holes (351), and the powder-resistant diffusion layer is fixed to the porous heat exchange structure (310) by passing through and binding metal wires (360).

6. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inscribed circle diameter of the small-hole metal mesh (330) is 0.5mm~2.5mm, the mesh diameter of the microporous metal mesh (340) is 0.016mm~0.075mm, and the porosity of the foam metal layer (350) is 50%~98%.

7. The solid hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tank body (100) is provided with a sealing flange (110) and a flange cover (120) at both ends respectively. A sealing gasket (140) is provided between the sealing flange (110) and the flange cover (120), and they are fixedly connected by fastening bolts (130) and fastening nuts (131). The valve (200) is installed on the flange cover (120), and a filter element (210) is provided in the gas passage inside the valve (200).

8. A method for preparing a solid hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that, The solid hydrogen storage tank is the solid hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-7, and the method includes the following steps: S1. Provide the integrally formed porous heat exchange structure (310). S2. Insert the air guide assembly (320) into the third through hole (312); S3. A powder-resistant diffusion layer is provided and fixed on at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure (310); S4. Fill the annular array of holes and gaps in the porous heat exchange structure (310) with particulate hydrogen storage alloy; S5. At least one of the porous heat exchange structure components (300) filled with alloy is installed into the tank (100) so that the heat exchange fins (311) are tightly attached to the inner wall of the tank (100); S6. Seal the tank (100) and install the valve (200).

9. An application of a solid hydrogen storage tank according to any one of claims 1-7 in hydrogen storage, the application comprising the step of charging the solid hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen under a constant temperature environment of 5-25°C and a hydrogen pressure of 2-5 MPa.

10. A porous heat exchange structure assembly for a solid hydrogen storage tank, characterized in that, include: The porous heat exchange structure (310) is an independently formed modular porous cylindrical unit with an axially penetrating third through hole (312), multiple heat exchange fins (311) on the outer wall, and a multi-layer annular array of holes between the outer wall and the wall of the third through hole (312). The diameter of the multi-layer annular array holes decreases layer by layer from the outside to the inside; the diameter of the outermost annular array hole is 9% to 16% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure (310), and the diameter of the innermost annular array hole is 3% to 5% of the outer wall diameter of the porous heat exchange structure (310); The air guide assembly (320) is disposed in the third through hole (312); A powder-resistant diffusion layer covering at least one end face of the porous heat exchange structure (310); And particulate hydrogen storage alloys filling the holes and gaps of the annular array.

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