Fly ash fluidization heat storage and heat release system and operation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a fly ash fluidization heat storage and release system and an operation method. The system comprises a high-temperature heat exchange section, a transition section and a low-temperature heat exchange section. The transition section is used for communicating the high-temperature heat exchange section with the low-temperature heat exchange section; according to the system, fly ash particles are fluidized through high-speed airflow, when the system is located in a low-temperature interval, small-particle-size fly ash particles are adopted for heat exchange at a relatively low fluidization speed, and when the system is located in a high-temperature interval, large-particle-size fly ash particles are adopted for heat exchange at a relatively increased fluidization speed. Compared with the conventional airflow heat exchange process of fly ash accumulation, the system can improve the energy storage and energy release efficiency of fly ash by increasing the heat exchange area and heat exchange intensity of gas-solid two-phase airflow, realize high-valued utilization of fly ash, and solve the gradient utilization problem of fly ash fluidization heat storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a fluidized bed thermal storage and heat release system capable of high-value utilization of fly ash, and a control method for operating the system. Background Technology

[0002] Because renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics are limited by natural conditions such as wind power and sunlight, their power generation capacity fluctuates greatly over time. Therefore, energy storage technology is needed to absorb intermittent and unstable renewable energy sources and improve the flexibility and security of grid operation. In recent years, molten salt and water thermal energy storage methods have been widely used in flexible peak shaving and clean heating projects in thermal power plants. However, in terms of energy storage materials, molten salt is expensive, the system construction cost is high, it is corrosive and prone to leakage, and the system occupies a large area (Wang Peng, Luo Chending, Juxing. Application of molten salt heat transfer and thermal energy storage technology in solar thermal power plants [J]. Power Survey and Design, 2017(2):5.). At the same time, the thermal energy storage density is low, and the hot water is even lower (Andrássy Z, Szánthó Z. Modelling of latent thermal energy storage systems [J]. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2017, 8(1): 51–56.).

[0003] my country is the world's largest producer of fly ash, and developing high-value fly ash products is of great significance for the high-value utilization of fly ash. Because fly ash particles can simultaneously meet the needs of heat absorption, heat transfer, and heat storage, and have low particle cost, their storage and transportation costs are also relatively low, making them a promising candidate for playing an important role in the energy storage field. A search of publicly available literature from the my country Patent Office revealed no devices specifically designed for energy storage and release from fly ash. An investigation of some existing fly ash treatment devices in my country found that most utilize airflow heat exchange through fly ash accumulation, or directly apply fly ash as a raw material in power plant energy storage processes. This results in low energy storage and release efficiency for fly ash, failing to address the issue of cascade utilization of fly ash fluidized bed thermal storage and hindering the realization of high-value utilization of fly ash. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The fluidized bed thermal storage and release system and operation method for fly ash proposed in this disclosure can realize the high-value utilization of fly ash, improve the thermal storage and release efficiency of fly ash, solve the problem of cascade utilization of fly ash fluidized bed thermal storage, and have the advantages of compact equipment structure and flexible switching of airflow inlet and outlet.

[0005] The first aspect of this disclosure is to provide a detailed basic scheme for a fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system:

[0006] The fly ash fluidized thermal storage and release system includes a high-temperature heat exchange section, a transition section, and a low-temperature heat exchange section arranged coaxially, with each section working together to achieve fluidized thermal storage and release of fly ash particles. The high-temperature heat exchange section includes a high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, a high-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity, a high-temperature section particle reflux channel, a high-temperature section fluidization zone, a high-temperature section particle collection channel, a high-temperature section partition ring, a high-temperature section outer cylinder, swirl blades, and a high-temperature section flow stabilizing distribution cavity. The low-temperature heat exchange section includes a low-temperature section flow stabilization cavity, a low-temperature section particle return channel, a low-temperature section particle downward annular cavity, a low-temperature section fluidization zone, a low-temperature section intermediate cylinder, a low-temperature section particle collection channel, a low-temperature section inner cylinder, a low-temperature section flow stabilization distribution cavity, a low-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe, a low-temperature section outer shell, and a low-temperature section airflow outer channel. The low-temperature section inner cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature section outer cylinder; The transition section is fitted outside the high-temperature heat exchange section and connects the high-temperature heat exchange section located inside and the low-temperature heat exchange section located outside; at the upper and lower ends of the inner cylinder of the low-temperature section, annular plates are used to seal the area formed between the transition sections. The outer cylinder of the high-temperature section is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe; A high-temperature section top inner through hole is formed on the upper wall near the top end face of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe; a high-temperature section top inner baffle is respectively installed against the wall on the inner side of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, directly opposite each of the high-temperature section top inner through holes; a rotating shaft and a spring are provided on each high-temperature section top inner baffle and fixed to the edge area of ​​the high-temperature section top inner through hole, so that when there is no airflow pushing the high-temperature section top inner baffle, the high-temperature section top inner baffle will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring to achieve airflow sealing; A high-temperature section bottom inner through hole is opened on the lower wall surface of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe near the bottom annular closed end face; on the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, and directly opposite each high-temperature section bottom inner through hole, a high-temperature section bottom inner baffle plate, a rotating shaft and a spring are respectively installed against the wall. At the upper and lower wall surfaces of the high-temperature section outer cylinder, the high-temperature section top inner through hole and the high-temperature section bottom inner through hole are respectively located on the same plane and opposite to each other. On the outer side of the high-temperature section outer cylinder, and directly opposite each of the high-temperature section top outer through hole and high-temperature section bottom outer through hole, the high-temperature section top and bottom outer baffles, as well as the rotating shaft and spring, are respectively installed against the wall. A high-temperature section retaining ring is provided on the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the high-temperature section; At the annular channel formed between the inner wall of the high-temperature section baffle ring and the outer wall of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, the swirl blades are uniformly fixed along the circumferential direction; the upper end face of the swirl blades is flush with the upper wall surface of the high-temperature section baffle ring. The high-temperature section partition ring is coaxial with the high-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe and is sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe; the inner wall surface of the high-temperature section partition ring is aligned with the inner wall surface of the high-temperature section baffle ring, and the upper part of the high-temperature section partition ring is fixed to the lower outer wall of the swirl blade. A high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate is provided on the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the high-temperature section; the high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate is an annular body, and a number of adjacent and compactly arranged airflow channels are provided inside it. Fly ash particles are spread evenly on the upper part of the air distribution plate in the high-temperature section. A through hole is provided at the top end face of the upper wall of the inner cylinder of the low-temperature section. Inside the inner cylinder of the low-temperature section, and directly opposite each inner through hole at the top of the low-temperature section, an inner baffle plate, a rotating shaft, and a spring are respectively installed against the wall. This ensures that when there is no airflow pushing the inner baffle plate, the inner baffle plate will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring, thus sealing the airflow. A low-temperature section bottom through hole is opened on the lower wall surface of the inner cylinder near the bottom annular closed end face; on the outer side of the inner cylinder of the low-temperature section, and directly opposite each of the low-temperature section bottom through holes, a low-temperature section bottom inner baffle plate, a rotating shaft and a spring are respectively installed against the wall. A top external through hole for the low-temperature section is opened on the upper wall near the top end face of the intermediate cylinder of the low-temperature section; on the outside of the intermediate cylinder of the low-temperature section, and directly opposite each top external through hole of the low-temperature section, a top external baffle plate, a rotating shaft and a spring are respectively installed against the wall. A low-temperature section bottom external through hole is opened on the lower wall surface of the intermediate cylinder near the bottom annular closed end face; on the inner side of the intermediate cylinder of the low-temperature section, and directly opposite each low-temperature section bottom external through hole, a low-temperature section bottom external baffle plate, a rotating shaft and a spring are respectively provided against the wall. A low-temperature section retaining ring is provided on the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder of the low-temperature section; a concentration cone ring is fixedly provided along the circumferential direction in the annular channel formed between the inner wall of the low-temperature section retaining ring and the outer wall of the inner cylinder of the low-temperature section; the upper end face of the concentration cone ring is flush with the lower wall face of the low-temperature section retaining ring. The low-temperature section separating ring has a cylindrical structure, is coaxial with the low-temperature section inner cylinder, is sleeved on the outside of the low-temperature section inner cylinder, and is close to the inner wall surface of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder; the inner wall surface of the low-temperature section separating ring is aligned with the inner wall surface of the low-temperature section retaining ring, and the low-temperature section separating ring can be fixed to the inner wall of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder by fixing ribs. A low-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate is provided on the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder of the low-temperature section; the low-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate is an overall annular body, and a number of adjacent and compactly arranged airflow channels are provided inside it. Its outer sidewall is fixed to the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder of the low-temperature section, and its inner sidewall is fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder of the low-temperature section. Small-diameter fly ash particles of a certain height are laid flat on the upper part of the air distribution and diversion plate in the low-temperature section; The low-temperature section outer shell is provided on the upper part of the high-temperature heat exchange section, the transition section and the low-temperature heat exchange section, as well as on the circumferential side of the low-temperature heat exchange section; The low-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe is a circular pipe structure, coaxial with the low-temperature section outer shell, vertically arranged at the upper center of the low-temperature section outer shell, and connected and communicated with the low-temperature section airflow external channel.

[0007] The above is the basic system solution. Based on this, two further optimization solutions are presented: 1. The swirl blade 115 is composed of several blades evenly arranged along the circumference, and the tilt direction of each blade is at a certain angle to the axial direction of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11; the swirl blade 115 can guide the airflow flowing through it into a rotating airflow with both axial and tangential velocities.

[0008] 2. The concentration cone ring 312 is composed of two to three cone rings arranged coaxially. The diameter of each cone ring gradually increases from bottom to top, and the cone rings of different diameters are arranged at equal intervals with the diameter increasing from bottom to top. The concentration cone ring 312 can separate and collect fly ash particles.

[0009] The second aspect of this disclosure provides a method for operating the aforementioned fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system: The thermal storage process needs to be implemented according to the following path during operation: S1. The high-temperature airflow flows in through the high-temperature air inlet and outlet pipe, pushing the inner baffle plate at the bottom of the high-temperature section to open outward, and enters the high-temperature section flow stabilization chamber through the inner through hole at the bottom of the high-temperature section; S2. The high-temperature airflow flows through the high-temperature section air distribution plate, forming a uniformly distributed upward high-temperature airflow. This airflow blows up the large-diameter fly ash particles on the upper part of the high-temperature section air distribution plate and causes fluidized heat exchange, raising the temperature of the large-diameter fly ash particles. At the same time, the high-temperature airflow releases some heat and transforms into a medium-temperature airflow. S3. The medium-temperature airflow carrying fly ash particles flows through the swirl blades and enters the high-temperature section particle collection channel. After passing through the high-temperature section particle downward annular cavity and the high-temperature section particle return channel, it flows back to the bottom of the high-temperature section fluidized zone to achieve circulating heat exchange. At the same time, the medium-temperature airflow pushes the top outer baffle of the high-temperature section to open outward and flows into the transition section through the top outer through hole of the high-temperature section. S4. The inner baffle plate at the top of the low-temperature section in the transition section remains pressed and sealed. The medium-temperature airflow pushes the inner baffle plate at the bottom of the low-temperature section to open and enters the low-temperature section flow stabilization chamber through the inner through hole at the bottom of the low-temperature section. S5. The medium-temperature airflow flows through the low-temperature section air distribution plate, forming a uniformly distributed upward medium-temperature airflow. This airflow blows up the small-diameter fly ash particles on the upper part of the low-temperature section air distribution plate and performs fluidized heat exchange, causing the temperature of the small-diameter fly ash particles to rise. At the same time, the medium-temperature airflow releases some heat and transforms into low-temperature airflow. The low-temperature airflow carries some fly ash particles through the thickening cone ring. S6. After passing through the thickening cone ring, the fly ash particles quickly turn and enter the low-temperature particle collection channel. They then flow back to the bottom of the low-temperature fluidized zone through the low-temperature particle downward ring cavity and the low-temperature particle return channel, thus achieving circulating heat exchange. S7. The low-temperature airflow flowing through the concentration cone ring pushes the outer baffle plate at the top of the low-temperature section to open outward, flows into the outer channel of the low-temperature section airflow through the outer opening at the top of the low-temperature section, and flows out upward through the low-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe, completing the heat storage of large-diameter and small-diameter fly ash particles.

[0010] The heat release process needs to be implemented according to the following path during operation: S1. The low-temperature airflow to be heated flows in through the low-temperature air inlet / outlet pipe, pushing the bottom outer baffle of the low-temperature section to open inward, and enters the low-temperature section flow stabilization chamber through the bottom outer through hole of the low-temperature section; S2. The low-temperature airflow flows through the low-temperature section air distribution plate, forming a uniformly distributed upward low-temperature airflow. This airflow blows up the small-diameter fly ash particles on the upper part of the low-temperature section air distribution plate and performs fluidized heat exchange, causing the temperature of the small-diameter fly ash particles to decrease. At the same time, the low-temperature airflow absorbs heat and transforms into a medium-temperature airflow. S3. The medium-temperature airflow carries fly ash particles through the thickening cone ring. After high-speed impact with the thickening cone ring, the fly ash particles quickly turn and enter the low-temperature section particle collection channel. They then flow back to the bottom of the low-temperature section fluidized zone through the low-temperature section particle downward ring cavity and the low-temperature section particle return channel, thus achieving circulating heat exchange. S4. The medium-temperature airflow flowing through the concentration cone ring pushes the inner baffle plate at the top of the low-temperature section to open outward, and flows into the transition section through the inner through hole at the top of the low-temperature section; S5. The medium-temperature airflow pushes the bottom outer baffle of the high-temperature section to open, enters the high-temperature section flow stabilization cavity through the bottom outer through hole of the high-temperature section, and flows through the high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate; S6. The medium-temperature airflow forms a uniformly distributed upward medium-temperature airflow, which blows up the large-diameter fly ash particles on the upper part of the high-temperature section air distribution plate and performs fluidized heat exchange, thereby reducing the temperature of the large-diameter fly ash particles. At the same time, the medium-temperature airflow absorbs heat and transforms into a high-temperature airflow. S7. The high-temperature airflow carries fly ash particles through the swirl blades. The fly ash particles enter the high-temperature section particle collection channel and flow back to the bottom of the high-temperature section fluidized zone through the high-temperature section particle downward annular cavity and the high-temperature section particle return channel, thus achieving circulating heat exchange. S8. The high-temperature airflow pushes the inner baffle plate at the top of the high-temperature section to open outward, enters the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe through the inner through hole at the top of the high-temperature section, and flows out downward through the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, completing the heat release of large-diameter and small-diameter fly ash particles.

[0011] Beneficial effects (1) Realize the high-value utilization of fly ash. The fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and operation method proposed in this disclosure can utilize the heat absorption, heat storage and low cost characteristics of fly ash to carry out the cascade storage and utilization of thermal energy, thereby meeting the demand for high-value utilization of fly ash; (2) Improve the heat storage and release efficiency of fly ash. Compared with the conventional airflow heat exchange process of fly ash accumulation, the use of high-speed airflow to fluidize fly ash particles can improve the energy storage and release efficiency of fly ash by increasing the heat exchange area and heat exchange intensity of the gas-solid two-phase airflow. (3) Solve the problem of cascade utilization of fly ash fluidized heat storage. For fluidized heat exchange of high temperature airflow, depending on the different high and low temperature ranges, when it is in the low temperature range, its heat exchange capacity is weak, and small-diameter fly ash particles and relatively low fluidization velocity are used for heat exchange; when it is in the high temperature range, its heat exchange capacity is strong, and large-diameter fly ash particles and relatively increased fluidization velocity can be used for heat exchange. (4) The equipment has a compact structure and flexible airflow inlet and outlet switching. The fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system described in this disclosure can utilize the same airflow path and flow cavity. The overall structure is compact, occupies little space, and is flexible in layout. It can also construct more layers of heat exchange layers with different fly ash particle diameters according to the temperature distribution to obtain thermal energy utilization over a wide temperature range. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a side view of the fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and its operation method disclosed in this paper.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a top view of the fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and its operation method disclosed herein.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the fly ash fluidized thermal storage and release system and its operation method disclosed herein.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and its operation method disclosed herein.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a CC cross-sectional view of the fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and its operation method disclosed in this paper.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the shielding plate structure of the fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and its operation method disclosed in this paper.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a partial enlarged view of section I of the fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and operation method disclosed in this paper.

[0019] Figure 8 This is a partial enlarged view of section II of the fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and operation method disclosed in this paper.

[0020] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow during the heating process disclosed herein.

[0021] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the airflow during the heat release process disclosed in this invention.

[0022] 1-High-temperature heat exchange section; 11-High-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe; 12-High-temperature section bottom inner through hole; 13-High-temperature section air distribution plate; 14-High-temperature section bottom outer through hole; 15-High-temperature section flow stabilization cavity; 16-High-temperature section bottom outer baffle; 17-High-temperature section bottom inner baffle; 18-High-temperature section particle return channel; 19-High-temperature section fluidization zone; 110-High-temperature section particle collection channel; 111-Large-diameter fly ash particles; 112-High-temperature section partition ring; 113-High-temperature section particle downward ring cavity; 114-High-temperature section outer cylinder; 115-Swirl blade; 116-High-temperature section flow stabilization distribution cavity; 117-High-temperature section top inner baffle; 118-High-temperature section top inner through hole; 119-High-temperature section top outer through hole; 120-High-temperature section top outer baffle; 121-High-temperature section baffle ring; 2-Transition section; 3-Low-temperature heat exchange section; 31-Low-temperature section bottom outer baffle. Plate, 32-low temperature section bottom inner baffle plate, 33-low temperature section bottom inner through hole, 34-low temperature section flow stabilizing cavity, 35-low temperature section bottom outer through hole, 36-low temperature section air distribution plate, 37-low temperature section particle return channel, 38-low temperature section particle downward ring cavity, 39-low temperature section fluidization zone, 310-low temperature section partition ring, 311-low temperature section intermediate cylinder, 312-concentration cone ring, 313-low temperature section particle collection channel, 314-low temperature section baffle ring, 315-low temperature section top outer baffle plate, 316-small diameter fly ash particles, 317-low temperature section inner cylinder, 318-low temperature section top outer through hole, 319-low temperature section flow stabilizing distribution cavity, 320-low temperature section top inner through hole, 321-low temperature section top inner baffle plate, 322-low temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, 323-low temperature section outer shell, 324-low temperature section airflow outer channel, a-spring, b-baffle plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To clarify the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of this disclosure, the following embodiments provide a more detailed description of the fly ash fluidized bed thermal storage and heat release system and its operation method. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a fly ash fluidized thermal storage and heat release system and its operation method include a high-temperature heat exchange section 1, a transition section 2 and a low-temperature heat exchange section 3. The high-temperature heat exchange section 1 includes a high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, a bottom inner through hole 12, a high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 13, a bottom outer through hole 14, a high-temperature section flow stabilization cavity 15, a bottom outer baffle plate 16, a bottom inner baffle plate 17, a high-temperature section particle return channel 18, a high-temperature section fluidization zone 19, a high-temperature section particle collection channel 110, large-diameter fly ash particles 111, a high-temperature section partition ring 112, a high-temperature section particle downward ring cavity 113, a high-temperature section outer cylinder 114, swirl blades 115, a high-temperature section flow stabilization and distribution cavity 116, a top inner baffle plate 117, a top inner through hole 118, a top outer through hole 119, a top outer baffle plate 120, and a high-temperature section baffle ring 121. The high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11 is a vertical straight pipe structure located in the central area; the lower end of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11 is open and the upper end is closed. The high-temperature section outer cylinder 114 is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11; at the upper and lower ends of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114, annular plates are used to seal the area formed between the outer wall of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11 and the inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114. Two through holes 118 are provided on the upper wall of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11 near the top end face; the through holes 118 can be square or round. Inside the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, and directly opposite each of the high-temperature section top inner through holes 118, a high-temperature section top inner baffle plate 117 is respectively provided against the wall; a rotating shaft and a spring are provided on each high-temperature section top inner baffle plate 117, and fixed to the edge area of ​​the high-temperature section top inner through hole 118; when there is no airflow pushing the high-temperature section top inner baffle plate 117, the high-temperature section top inner baffle plate 117 will completely press and cover the high-temperature section top inner through hole 118 under the elastic force of the spring, thereby sealing the airflow; Two bottom through holes 12 of the high-temperature section are provided on the lower wall surface of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11 near the bottom annular closed end face; the bottom through holes 12 of the high-temperature section can be square holes or circular holes. On the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, and directly opposite each of the high-temperature section bottom inner through holes 12, a high-temperature section bottom inner baffle plate 17 is respectively provided against the wall; a rotating shaft and a spring are provided on each high-temperature section bottom inner baffle plate 17, and fixed to the edge area of ​​the high-temperature section bottom inner through hole 12; when there is no airflow pushing the high-temperature section bottom inner baffle plate 17, the high-temperature section bottom inner baffle plate 17 will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring to achieve airflow sealing; On the upper wall surface of the outer cylinder 114 of the high-temperature section, two external through holes 119 of the top of the high-temperature section are provided opposite to each other on the same plane as the inner through hole 118 of the top of the high-temperature section; the external through holes 119 of the top of the high-temperature section can be square holes or circular holes. On the outer side of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114, and directly opposite each of the high-temperature section top external through holes 119, a high-temperature section top external shielding plate 120 is respectively provided against the wall; each high-temperature section top external shielding plate 120 is provided with a rotating shaft and a spring, and is fixed to the edge area of ​​the high-temperature section top external through hole 119; when there is no airflow pushing the high-temperature section top external shielding plate 120, the high-temperature section top external shielding plate 120 will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring to achieve airflow sealing; At the lower wall of the outer cylinder 114 of the high-temperature section, two external through holes 14 at the bottom of the high-temperature section are provided opposite to each other on the same plane as the inner through hole 12 at the bottom of the high-temperature section; the external through holes 14 at the bottom of the high-temperature section can be square holes or circular holes. Inside the outer cylinder 114 of the high-temperature section, and directly opposite each of the bottom external through holes 14 of the high-temperature section, a bottom external shielding plate 16 of the high-temperature section is respectively provided against the wall; a rotating shaft and a spring are provided on each bottom external shielding plate 16 of the high-temperature section, and fixed to the edge area of ​​the bottom external through hole 14 of the high-temperature section; when there is no airflow pushing the bottom external shielding plate 16 of the high-temperature section, the bottom external shielding plate 16 of the high-temperature section will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring to achieve airflow sealing; A high-temperature section retaining ring 121 is provided on the inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114, near the top external through hole 119 of the high-temperature section; the high-temperature section retaining ring 121 is an annular piece, and its outer sidewall is fixed to the inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114. At the annular channel formed between the inner wall of the high-temperature section baffle ring 121 and the outer wall of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, the swirl blades 115 are uniformly fixed along the circumferential direction; the upper end face of the swirl blades 115 is flush with the upper wall surface of the high-temperature section baffle ring 121. The swirl blade 115 is composed of several blades evenly arranged along the circumference, and the tilt direction of each blade is at a certain angle to the axial direction of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11; the swirl blade 115 can guide the airflow flowing through it into a rotating airflow with both axial and tangential velocities. The high-temperature section flow stabilization distribution cavity 116 is formed in the annular space between the inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114 and the outer wall of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, and is located in the upper region of the high-temperature section baffle ring 121 and the swirl blade 115. The high-temperature section separating ring 112 has a cylindrical structure, is coaxial with the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, and is sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, close to the inner wall surface of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114; the inner wall surface of the high-temperature section separating ring 112 is aligned with the inner wall surface of the high-temperature section baffle ring 121, and the upper part of the high-temperature section separating ring 112 is fixed to the lower outer wall of the swirl blade 115; A certain distance is spaced between the upper end face of the high-temperature section separating ring 112 and the lower end face of the high-temperature section baffle ring 121 to form the high-temperature section particle collection channel 110; Between the inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114 and the outer wall of the high-temperature section partition ring 112, the high-temperature section particle downward annular cavity 113 is formed; On the inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114, and near the bottom inner through hole 12 of the high-temperature section, a high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 13 is provided; the high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 13 is an overall annular body, and a number of adjacent and compactly arranged airflow channels are provided inside it. Its outer side wall is fixed to the inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114, and its inner side wall is fixed to the outer wall of the high-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe 11. On the outer ring side of the high-temperature section air distribution plate 13, and in the area directly opposite the high-temperature section particle downward annular cavity 113, there is no airflow channel, and it is an annular closed body; A certain distance is spaced between the lower end face of the high-temperature section separating ring 112 and the upper end face of the high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 13, forming the high-temperature section particle return channel 18; Within the annular space formed between the inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114 and the outer wall of the high-temperature section partition ring 112, and located below the high-temperature section baffle ring 121 and swirl blades 115, and above the high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 13, the high-temperature section fluidization zone 19 is formed. At the bottom of the high-temperature fluidization zone 19, that is, above the high-temperature air distribution and diversion plate 13, large-diameter fly ash particles 111 of a certain height are laid flat. The large-diameter fly ash particles 111 are fly ash particles with a large particle size. The high-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 15 is formed in the annular space between the inner wall of the high-temperature section partition ring 112 and the outer wall of the high-temperature section partition ring 112, and is located below the high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 13. like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the transition section 2 is a vertical annular channel, which is sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature heat exchange section 1 and connects the high-temperature heat exchange section 1 located on the inside and the low-temperature heat exchange section 3 located on the outside. like Figures 1 to 8As shown, the low-temperature heat exchange section 3 includes a low-temperature section bottom outer baffle 31, a low-temperature section bottom inner baffle 32, a low-temperature section bottom inner through hole 33, a low-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 34, a low-temperature section bottom outer through hole 35, a low-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 36, a low-temperature section particle return channel 37, a low-temperature section particle downward annular cavity 38, a low-temperature section fluidization zone 39, a low-temperature section partition ring 310, a low-temperature section intermediate cylinder 311, a concentration cone ring 312, a low-temperature section particle collection channel 313, a low-temperature section baffle ring 314, a low-temperature section top outer baffle 315, small-diameter fly ash particles 316, a low-temperature section inner cylinder 317, a low-temperature section top outer through hole 318, a low-temperature section flow stabilizing and distribution cavity 319, a low-temperature section top inner through hole 320, a low-temperature section top inner baffle 321, a low-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 322, a low-temperature section outer shell 323, and a low-temperature section airflow outer channel 324. The low-temperature section inner cylinder 317 is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature section outer cylinder 114; at the upper and lower ends of the low-temperature section inner cylinder 317, annular plates are used to seal the area formed between the transition sections 2. Two through holes 320 are provided on the upper wall of the inner cylinder 317 of the low-temperature section near the top end face; the through holes 320 can be square holes or round holes. Inside the inner cylinder 317 of the low-temperature section, and directly opposite each inner through hole 320 at the top of the low-temperature section, an inner baffle plate 321 is respectively provided against the wall. A rotating shaft and a spring are provided on each inner baffle plate 321 and fixed to the edge area of ​​the inner through hole 320 at the top of the low-temperature section. When there is no airflow pushing the inner baffle plate 321, the inner baffle plate 321 will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring to seal the airflow. Two bottom through holes 33 of the low-temperature section are provided on the lower wall surface of the inner cylinder 317 near the bottom annular closed end face; the bottom through holes 33 of the low-temperature section can be square holes or circular holes. On the outer side of the inner cylinder 317 of the low-temperature section, and directly opposite each of the inner through holes 33 at the bottom of the low-temperature section, an inner baffle plate 32 at the bottom of the low-temperature section is respectively provided against the wall; a rotating shaft and a spring are provided on each inner baffle plate 32 at the bottom of the low-temperature section, and fixed to the edge area of ​​the inner through hole 33 at the bottom of the low-temperature section; when there is no airflow pushing the inner baffle plate 32 at the bottom of the low-temperature section, the inner baffle plate 32 at the bottom of the low-temperature section will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring, thereby sealing the airflow; The intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the inner cylinder 317 of the low-temperature section; at the upper and lower ends between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 317 of the low-temperature section and the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section, annular plates are used to seal the area. Two external through holes 318 at the top of the low-temperature section are provided on the upper wall near the top end face of the intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section; the external through holes 318 at the top of the low-temperature section can be square holes or circular holes. On the outer side of the intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section, and directly opposite each of the external through holes 318 at the top of the low-temperature section, an external shielding plate 315 for the top of the low-temperature section is respectively provided against the wall; a rotating shaft and a spring are provided on each external shielding plate 315 for the top of the low-temperature section, and fixed to the edge area of ​​the external through hole 318 at the top of the low-temperature section; when there is no airflow pushing the external shielding plate 315 for the top of the low-temperature section, the external shielding plate 315 for the top of the low-temperature section will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring to achieve a seal against airflow; Two bottom external through holes 35 of the low-temperature section are provided on the lower wall surface of the intermediate cylinder 311 near the bottom annular closed end face; the bottom external through holes 35 of the low-temperature section can be square holes or circular holes. Inside the intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section, and directly opposite each of the bottom external through holes 35 of the low-temperature section, a bottom external shielding plate 31 of the low-temperature section is respectively provided against the wall; a rotating shaft and a spring are provided on each bottom external shielding plate 31 of the low-temperature section, and fixed to the edge area of ​​the bottom external through hole 35 of the low-temperature section; when there is no airflow pushing the bottom external shielding plate 31 of the low-temperature section, the bottom external shielding plate 31 of the low-temperature section will be completely pressed and covered by the elastic force of the spring to achieve airflow sealing; A low-temperature section retaining ring 314 is provided on the inner wall of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder 311, near the outer through hole 318 at the top of the low-temperature section; the low-temperature section retaining ring 314 is an annular piece, and its outer sidewall is fixed to the inner wall of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder 311. At the annular channel formed between the inner wall of the low-temperature section retaining ring 314 and the outer wall of the low-temperature section inner cylinder 317, the concentration cone ring 312 is fixedly arranged along the circumferential direction; the upper end face of the concentration cone ring 312 is flush with the lower wall face of the low-temperature section retaining ring 314. The concentration cone ring 312 consists of two to three coaxially arranged cone rings, each cone ring having a diameter that gradually increases from bottom to top, and cone rings of different diameters are arranged at equal intervals with their diameters increasing from bottom to top; the concentration cone ring 312 can separate and collect fly ash particles. Within the annular space formed between the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section and the outer wall of the inner cylinder 317 of the low-temperature section, and located in the upper region of the low-temperature section baffle ring 314 and the concentration cone ring 312, the low-temperature section flow stabilization distribution cavity 319 is formed. The low-temperature section separating ring 310 has a cylindrical structure, is coaxial with the low-temperature section inner cylinder 317, and is sleeved on the outside of the low-temperature section inner cylinder 317, close to the inner wall surface of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder 311; the inner wall surface of the low-temperature section separating ring 310 is aligned with the inner wall surface of the low-temperature section retaining ring 314, and the low-temperature section separating ring 310 can be fixed to the inner wall of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder 311 by fixing ribs; A certain distance is spaced between the upper end face of the low-temperature section separating ring 310 and the lower end face of the low-temperature section retaining ring 314 to form the low-temperature section particle collection channel 313; Between the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 311 in the low-temperature section and the outer wall of the partition ring 310 in the low-temperature section, the particle downward annular cavity 38 in the low-temperature section is formed; The low-temperature section air distribution plate 36 is provided on the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section and near the low-temperature section air distribution plate 36. The low-temperature section air distribution plate 36 is an annular body with several adjacent and compactly arranged airflow channels inside. Its outer sidewall is fixed to the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section, and its inner sidewall is fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 317 of the low-temperature section. On the outer ring side of the low-temperature section air distribution plate 36, and in the area directly opposite the low-temperature section particle downward annular cavity 38, there is no airflow channel, and it is an annular closed body; A certain distance is spaced between the lower end face of the low-temperature section separating ring 310 and the upper end face of the low-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 36 to form the low-temperature section particle return channel 37; Within the annular space formed between the outer wall of the low-temperature section separating ring 310 and the inner wall of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder 311, and located below the low-temperature section baffle ring 314 and the concentration cone ring 312, and above the low-temperature section air distribution plate 36, the low-temperature section fluidization zone 39 is formed. At the bottom of the fluidization zone 39 in the low-temperature section, that is, above the air distribution plate 36 in the low-temperature section, small-diameter fly ash particles 316 of a certain height are laid flat. The small-diameter fly ash particles 316 are fly ash particles with a small particle size. In the annular space formed between the inner wall of the intermediate cylinder 311 in the low-temperature section and the outer wall of the inner cylinder 317 in the low-temperature section, and located below the air distribution plate 36 in the low-temperature section, the flow stabilizing cavity 34 in the low-temperature section is formed. The outer shell 323 of the low-temperature section is provided on the upper part of the high-temperature heat exchange section 1, the transition section 2 and the low-temperature heat exchange section 3, and on the circumferential side of the low-temperature heat exchange section 3. The low-temperature section outer shell 323 is a cap-shaped structure with an opening at the bottom; the low-temperature section airflow outer channel 324 is formed on the inner side of the low-temperature section outer shell 323; the low-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 322 is a circular pipe structure, coaxial with the low-temperature section outer shell 323, vertically arranged at the upper center of the low-temperature section outer shell 323, and connected and communicated with the low-temperature section airflow outer channel 324.

[0025] In actual operation, the heat storage and heat release processes are as follows: Heat storage process: High-temperature gas flows in through the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11. Since the bottom inner baffle 17 of the high-temperature section is located on the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, while the top inner baffle 117 of the high-temperature section is located on the inside of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, the high-temperature gas flow will push the bottom inner baffle 17 of the high-temperature section to open outwards, allowing the high-temperature gas flow to enter the interior of the high-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 15 through the bottom inner through-hole 12. Under the flow stabilization and distribution effect of the high-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 15, the high-temperature gas... The warm airflow passes through the high-temperature section air distribution plate 13, forming a uniformly distributed upward high-temperature airflow above it. This airflow blows up the large-diameter fly ash particles 111, causing fluidization heat transfer and raising their temperature. Simultaneously, the high-temperature airflow releases some heat, forming a medium-temperature airflow. This medium-temperature airflow carries some fly ash particles past the swirl blades 115. During the high-speed rotation of the airflow, these fly ash particles are subjected to centrifugal force and enter the high-temperature section. The particles flow from top to bottom through the high-temperature section particle collection channel 110 and along the high-temperature section particle descending annular cavity 113. Finally, they flow back to the bottom of the high-temperature section fluidization zone 19 through the high-temperature section particle return channel 18 located at the bottom, where they circulate for heat exchange and prevent the loss of fly ash particles in this area. At this time, the medium-temperature airflow flowing through the swirl blades 115, after being stabilized and distributed by the high-temperature section flow stabilization and distribution cavity 116, is further cooled by the high-temperature section top inner baffle plate 117 located in the high-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe. Inside the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, the medium-temperature gas flow in the high-temperature section stabilizing distribution chamber 116 is difficult to push the inner baffle plate 117 at the top of the high-temperature section to flow. At this time, since the outer baffle plate 120 at the top of the high-temperature section is located on the outside of the outer cylinder 114 of the high-temperature section, the medium-temperature gas flow will push the outer baffle plate 120 at the top of the high-temperature section to open outward, so that the medium-temperature gas flow flows into the interior of the transition section 2 through the outer through hole 119 at the top of the high-temperature section. Inside the transition section 2, due to the thrust of the medium-temperature airflow, the inner baffle 321 at the top of the low-temperature section is compressed, and the pressure in the upstream high-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 15 is greater than the pressure inside the downstream transition section 2. Therefore, the medium-temperature airflow will open the inner baffle 32 at the bottom of the low-temperature section and flow into the interior of the low-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 34 through the inner through hole 33 at the bottom of the low-temperature section. Under the flow stabilization and distribution effect of the low-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 34, the medium-temperature airflow flows through the low-temperature section air distribution plate 36. A uniformly distributed upward medium-temperature airflow is formed above the low-temperature section air distribution plate 36, blowing up the small-diameter fly ash particles 316 for fluidized heat transfer, raising their temperature. Simultaneously, the medium-temperature airflow releases some heat to form a low-temperature airflow. This low-temperature airflow carries some fly ash particles through the concentrator ring 312. During the high-speed impact of the airflow onto the concentrator ring 312, the high density and inertial force of the fly ash particles cause them to rapidly change direction and enter the low-temperature section. The warm-section particle collection channel 313 flows from top to bottom along the low-temperature section particle descending annular cavity 38, and finally returns to the bottom of the low-temperature section fluidization zone 39 through the low-temperature section particle return channel 37 located at the bottom, for circulating heat exchange, while preventing the loss of fly ash particles in this area; at the same time, the low-temperature airflow flowing through the thickening cone ring 312, after being stabilized and distributed by the low-temperature section flow stabilization and distribution cavity 319, is further cooled by the low-temperature section top inner baffle 321 located in the low-temperature section inner cylinder 317. Inside the low-temperature section, the low-temperature airflow in the low-temperature section stabilizing distribution cavity 319 is difficult to push the low-temperature section top inner baffle 321 to flow due to the high airflow pressure inside the transition section 2 located upstream. At this time, since the low-temperature section top outer baffle 315 is located outside the low-temperature section top outer through hole 318, the low-temperature airflow will push the low-temperature section top outer baffle 315 to open outward, so that the low-temperature airflow flows into the interior of the low-temperature section airflow outer channel 324 through the low-temperature section top outer through hole 318. Then, the low-temperature airflow gathers at the upper part of the low-temperature section airflow outer channel 324 and flows upward through the low-temperature air inlet / outlet pipe 322; finally, the heat storage process of the large-diameter fly ash particles 111 and the small-diameter fly ash particles 316 is realized.

[0026] Heat release process: The low-temperature gas flow requiring heating enters through the low-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 322. Since the top outer baffle 315 of the low-temperature section is located on the outside of the intermediate cylinder 311 of the low-temperature section, and the bottom outer baffle 31 of the low-temperature section is located on the inside of the intermediate cylinder 311, the low-temperature gas flow will push the bottom outer baffle 31 of the low-temperature section to open inwards, allowing the low-temperature gas flow to enter the interior of the low-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 34 through the bottom outer through-hole 35. Under the flow stabilization and distribution effect of the low-temperature section flow stabilizing cavity 34, the low-temperature gas... The warm airflow passes through the low-temperature section air distribution plate 36, forming a uniformly distributed upward low-temperature airflow above it. This airflow blows up the small-diameter fly ash particles 316, causing fluidization heat transfer and lowering their temperature. Simultaneously, the low-temperature airflow absorbs heat to form a medium-temperature airflow. This medium-temperature airflow, carrying some fly ash particles, flows through the concentration cone ring 312. During the high-speed impact of the airflow onto the concentration cone ring 312, the high density of the fly ash particles results in a large inertial force, causing the fly ash particles to... The airflow quickly changes direction, enters the low-temperature particle collection channel 313, and flows from top to bottom along the low-temperature particle descending annular cavity 38. Finally, it flows back to the bottom of the low-temperature fluidization zone 39 through the low-temperature particle return channel 37 located at the bottom, where it circulates for heat exchange and prevents the loss of fly ash particles in this area. At the same time, the medium-temperature airflow flowing through the concentration cone ring 312, after being stabilized and distributed by the low-temperature flow stabilization and distribution cavity 319, is further regulated by the outer baffle plate 315 located at the top of the low-temperature section. Outside the intermediate cylinder 311, but due to the high airflow pressure inside the low-temperature section airflow outer channel 324 located upstream, the medium-temperature airflow in the low-temperature section flow stabilization distribution cavity 319 is difficult to push the low-temperature section top outer baffle 315 to flow. At this time, since the low-temperature section top inner baffle 321 is located inside the low-temperature section top inner through hole 320, the medium-temperature airflow will push the low-temperature section top inner baffle 321 to open outward, so that the medium-temperature airflow flows into the interior of the transition section 2 through the low-temperature section top inner through hole 320; Inside the transition section 2, due to the thrust of the medium-temperature airflow, the top outer baffle 120 of the high-temperature section is pressed down, and the pressure in the upstream low-temperature section stabilizing cavity 34 is greater than the pressure inside the downstream transition section 2. Therefore, the medium-temperature airflow will open the bottom outer baffle 16 of the high-temperature section and flow into the interior of the high-temperature section stabilizing cavity 15 through the bottom outer through-hole 14 of the high-temperature section. Under the stabilizing and distributing effect of the high-temperature section stabilizing cavity 15, the medium-temperature airflow flows through the high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate 13, and is distributed and diverted in the high-temperature section. A uniformly distributed upward medium-temperature airflow forms above plate 13, blowing up the large-diameter fly ash particles 111 for fluidized heat transfer, thus lowering the temperature of the large-diameter fly ash particles 111. Simultaneously, the medium-temperature airflow absorbs heat to form a high-temperature airflow. This high-temperature airflow carries some fly ash particles through the swirl blades 115. During the high-speed rotation of the airflow, these fly ash particles are subjected to centrifugal force and enter the high-temperature particle collection channel 110, flowing downwards along the high-temperature particle descending annular cavity 113, and finally passing through the... The high-temperature section particle return channel 18 at the bottom returns the ash to the bottom of the high-temperature section fluidization zone 19 for circulating heat exchange, while preventing the loss of fly ash particles in this area. At this time, the high-temperature airflow flowing through the swirl blades 115, after being stabilized and distributed by the high-temperature section flow stabilization and distribution chamber 116, is affected by the high-temperature section top outer baffle 120 located outside the high-temperature section top outer through hole 119. However, due to the high airflow pressure inside the upstream transition section 2, the high-temperature air in the high-temperature section flow stabilization and distribution chamber 116 is affected by the high-temperature airflow. If the flow is difficult to push open the outer baffle plate 120 at the top of the high-temperature section, the inner baffle plate 117 at the top of the high-temperature section is located inside the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11. The high-temperature airflow will push the inner baffle plate 117 at the top of the high-temperature section to open outward, allowing the high-temperature airflow to flow into the interior of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11 through the inner through hole 118 at the top of the high-temperature section. Then, the high-temperature airflow flows downward from the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe 11, ultimately realizing the heat release process for the large-diameter fly ash particles 111 and the small-diameter fly ash particles 316.

[0027] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this disclosure, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent disclosure. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this disclosure, and these all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent disclosure should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fly ash fluidized bed thermal storage and heat release system, characterized in that, It includes a high-temperature heat exchange section, a transition section and a low-temperature heat exchange section arranged in a coaxial nested manner, and each section works together to achieve fluidized heat storage and heat release of fly ash particles; The high-temperature heat exchange section includes a high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, a high-temperature section flow stabilization chamber, a high-temperature section particle return channel, a high-temperature section fluidization zone, a high-temperature section particle collection channel, a high-temperature section partition ring, a high-temperature section outer cylinder, swirl blades, and a high-temperature section flow stabilization and distribution chamber; the high-temperature section outer cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe; all baffles are fixed by rotating shafts and springs, and when there is no airflow, the baffles are pressed and covered by the spring elastic force to achieve airflow sealing; The upper wall of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe is provided with a high-temperature section top inner through hole near the top end face, and a high-temperature section top inner baffle is provided on the inner side of the pipe directly opposite each high-temperature section top inner through hole. The lower wall of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe is provided with a high-temperature section bottom inner through hole near the bottom annular closed end face, and a high-temperature section bottom inner shielding plate is provided on the outer side of the pipe directly opposite each high-temperature section bottom inner through hole. The upper and lower walls of the outer cylinder of the high-temperature section are respectively provided with an outer through hole at the top of the high-temperature section and an outer through hole at the bottom of the high-temperature section, which are located on the same plane and opposite to the inner through hole at the top of the high-temperature section and the inner through hole at the bottom of the high-temperature section. A corresponding outer baffle is provided on the outer side of each outer through hole at the top of the high-temperature section and the outer through hole at the bottom of the high-temperature section. The inner wall of the high-temperature section outer cylinder is provided with a high-temperature section baffle ring. In the annular channel between the high-temperature section baffle ring and the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, swirl blades are uniformly fixed along the circumferential direction. The upper end face of the swirl blades is flush with the upper wall surface of the high-temperature section baffle ring. The high-temperature section separating ring is coaxial with the high-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe, and is sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe. Its inner wall surface is aligned with the inner wall surface of the high-temperature section baffle ring, and its upper end area is fixed to the lower outer wall of the swirl blade. The inner wall of the outer cylinder of the high-temperature section is provided with a high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate. The air distribution and diversion plate is an annular body with an airflow channel inside, and fly ash particles are laid flat on its upper part. The low-temperature heat exchange section includes a low-temperature section flow stabilization chamber, a low-temperature section particle reflux channel, a low-temperature section particle downward annular cavity, a low-temperature section fluidization zone, a low-temperature section intermediate cylinder, a low-temperature section particle collection channel, a low-temperature section inner cylinder, a low-temperature section flow stabilization distribution chamber, a low-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe, a low-temperature section outer shell, and a low-temperature section airflow outer channel; the low-temperature section inner cylinder is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature section outer cylinder. The upper wall of the inner cylinder of the low temperature section is provided with a low temperature section top inner through hole near the top end face, and a low temperature section top inner baffle is provided on the inner side of each low temperature section top inner through hole. The lower wall of the inner cylinder of the low temperature section is provided with a low temperature section bottom inner through hole near the bottom annular closed end face, and a low temperature section bottom inner baffle is provided on the outer side of each low temperature section bottom inner through hole. The upper wall of the intermediate cylinder of the low temperature section is provided with a low temperature section top external through hole near the top end face, and a low temperature section top external shielding plate is provided on the outer side of each low temperature section top external through hole. The lower wall of the intermediate cylinder of the low temperature section is provided with an external through hole at the bottom of the low temperature section near the bottom annular closed end face. A low temperature section bottom external shielding plate is provided on the inner side of the cylinder, which is directly opposite to each external through hole at the bottom of the low temperature section. The inner wall of the intermediate cylinder of the low temperature section is provided with a low temperature section retaining ring. In the annular channel between the low temperature section retaining ring and the inner cylinder of the low temperature section, a concentration cone ring is fixed along the circumferential direction. The upper end face of the concentration cone ring is flush with the lower wall face of the low temperature section retaining ring. The low-temperature section separating ring is a cylindrical structure, coaxial with the low-temperature section inner cylinder, sleeved on the outside of the low-temperature section inner cylinder and close to the inner wall of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder, its inner wall is aligned with the inner wall of the low-temperature section retaining ring, and is fixed to the inner wall of the low-temperature section intermediate cylinder by fixing ribs. The inner wall of the intermediate cylinder of the low-temperature section is provided with a low-temperature section air distribution plate. The air distribution plate is an annular body with an airflow channel inside. It is fixed between the intermediate cylinder of the low-temperature section and the inner cylinder of the low-temperature section, and small-diameter fly ash particles are laid on its upper part. The transition section is sleeved on the outside of the high-temperature heat exchange section, connecting the inner high-temperature heat exchange section with the outer low-temperature heat exchange section. The upper and lower ends of the inner cylinder of the low-temperature section are sealed off by annular plates to enclose the area formed by the transition section. The low-temperature section outer shell is installed on the upper part of the high-temperature heat exchange section and the transition section, and on the circumferential side of the low-temperature heat exchange section; the low-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe is coaxial with the low-temperature section outer shell, vertically installed at the upper center of the low-temperature section outer shell, and connected to the low-temperature section airflow external channel.

2. The fly ash fluidized bed thermal storage and heat release system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The swirl blade consists of several blades evenly arranged along the circumference. Each blade is at an angle to the axis of the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, which can guide the flowing airflow into a rotating airflow.

3. The fly ash fluidized bed thermal storage and heat release system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The concentration cone ring consists of multiple coaxially arranged cone rings, with the diameter of each cone ring gradually increasing from bottom to top, used to achieve the separation and collection of fly ash particles.

4. A method for fluidized bed thermal storage of fly ash using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The high-temperature airflow flows in through the high-temperature air inlet and outlet pipe, pushing the inner baffle plate at the bottom of the high-temperature section to open outward, and enters the high-temperature section flow stabilization chamber through the inner through hole at the bottom of the high-temperature section; S2. The high-temperature airflow flows through the high-temperature section air distribution plate, forming a uniformly distributed upward high-temperature airflow. This airflow blows up the large-diameter fly ash particles on the upper part of the high-temperature section air distribution plate and causes fluidized heat exchange, raising the temperature of the large-diameter fly ash particles. At the same time, the high-temperature airflow releases some heat and transforms into a medium-temperature airflow. S3. The medium-temperature airflow carrying fly ash particles flows through the swirl blades and enters the high-temperature section particle collection channel. After passing through the high-temperature section particle downward annular cavity and the high-temperature section particle return channel, it flows back to the bottom of the high-temperature section fluidized zone to achieve circulating heat exchange. At the same time, the medium-temperature airflow pushes the top outer baffle of the high-temperature section to open outward and flows into the transition section through the top outer through hole of the high-temperature section. S4. The inner baffle plate at the top of the low-temperature section in the transition section remains pressed and sealed. The medium-temperature airflow pushes the inner baffle plate at the bottom of the low-temperature section to open and enters the low-temperature section flow stabilization chamber through the inner through hole at the bottom of the low-temperature section. S5. The medium-temperature airflow flows through the low-temperature section air distribution plate, forming a uniformly distributed upward medium-temperature airflow. This airflow blows up the small-diameter fly ash particles on the upper part of the low-temperature section air distribution plate and performs fluidized heat exchange, causing the temperature of the small-diameter fly ash particles to rise. At the same time, the medium-temperature airflow releases some heat and transforms into low-temperature airflow. The low-temperature airflow carries some fly ash particles through the thickening cone ring. S6. After passing through the thickening cone ring, the fly ash particles quickly turn and enter the low-temperature particle collection channel. They then flow back to the bottom of the low-temperature fluidized zone through the low-temperature particle downward ring cavity and the low-temperature particle return channel, thus achieving circulating heat exchange. S7. The low-temperature airflow flowing through the concentration cone ring pushes the outer baffle plate at the top of the low-temperature section to open outward, flows into the outer channel of the low-temperature section airflow through the outer opening at the top of the low-temperature section, and flows out upward through the low-temperature gas inlet and outlet pipe, completing the heat storage of large-diameter and small-diameter fly ash particles.

5. A method for fluidized bed heat release of fly ash using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The low-temperature airflow to be heated flows in through the low-temperature air inlet / outlet pipe, pushing the bottom outer baffle of the low-temperature section to open inward, and enters the low-temperature section flow stabilization chamber through the bottom outer through hole of the low-temperature section; S2. The low-temperature airflow flows through the low-temperature section air distribution plate, forming a uniformly distributed upward low-temperature airflow. This airflow blows up the small-diameter fly ash particles on the upper part of the low-temperature section air distribution plate and performs fluidized heat exchange, causing the temperature of the small-diameter fly ash particles to decrease. At the same time, the low-temperature airflow absorbs heat and transforms into a medium-temperature airflow. S3. The medium-temperature airflow carries fly ash particles through the thickening cone ring. After high-speed impact with the thickening cone ring, the fly ash particles quickly turn and enter the low-temperature section particle collection channel. They then flow back to the bottom of the low-temperature section fluidized zone through the low-temperature section particle downward ring cavity and the low-temperature section particle return channel, thus achieving circulating heat exchange. S4. The medium-temperature airflow flowing through the concentration cone ring pushes the inner baffle plate at the top of the low-temperature section to open outward, and flows into the transition section through the inner through hole at the top of the low-temperature section; S5. The medium-temperature airflow pushes the bottom outer baffle of the high-temperature section to open, enters the high-temperature section flow stabilization cavity through the bottom outer through hole of the high-temperature section, and flows through the high-temperature section air distribution and diversion plate; S6. The medium-temperature airflow forms a uniformly distributed upward medium-temperature airflow, which blows up the large-diameter fly ash particles on the upper part of the high-temperature section air distribution plate and performs fluidized heat exchange, thereby reducing the temperature of the large-diameter fly ash particles. At the same time, the medium-temperature airflow absorbs heat and transforms into a high-temperature airflow. S7. The high-temperature airflow carries fly ash particles through the swirl blades. The fly ash particles enter the high-temperature section particle collection channel and flow back to the bottom of the high-temperature section fluidized zone through the high-temperature section particle downward annular cavity and the high-temperature section particle return channel, thus achieving circulating heat exchange. S8. The high-temperature airflow pushes the inner baffle plate at the top of the high-temperature section to open outward, enters the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe through the inner through hole at the top of the high-temperature section, and flows out downward through the high-temperature gas inlet / outlet pipe, completing the heat release of large-diameter and small-diameter fly ash particles.

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