Coupling coaxiality measuring and adjusting method and measuring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a coupling coaxiality measuring and adjusting method and a measuring device, and relates to the technical field of coaxiality measuring and adjusting. The method comprises the steps of S1 to S5, rotating and monitoring distance data by using a laser distance measuring sensor, obtaining a maximum distance, a minimum distance and a corresponding angle, calculating an included angle between end surfaces of two half couplings based on a rotating radius, and then adjusting the position of the second half coupling, so that the axes of the two half couplings are parallel with high precision; through the steps S6 to S9, a laser distance measuring sensor is moved outwards in the radial direction, when laser crosses the outer edge of the second half coupler to cause distance jump, the rotation radius is locked, the angles of two times of jump are recorded, the distance between the axes of the two half couplings is calculated, and translation adjustment is conducted on the second half coupler till the axes of the two half couplings are completely coaxial; therefore, high-precision measurement and adjustment of the coaxiality of the coupler are completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of coaxiality measurement and adjustment technology, specifically to a method and device for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling. Background Technology

[0002] During the operation of hydropower stations, pumps and drive motors are generally connected by couplings. When transmitting motion and torque, the coaxiality of the driven half of the coupling and the driving half must be controlled within the permissible range. If the coaxiality of the two halves of the coupling exceeds the permissible range, it will induce additional bending moments in the shaft system, uneven bearing wear, premature failure of the mechanical seal, and consequently lead to excessive pump vibration, unplanned unit shutdown, and even the risk of flooding of the powerhouse. Therefore, high-precision measurement and adjustment of coupling coaxiality is a critical procedure that must be repeatedly performed during the installation, maintenance, and condition-based operation and maintenance of pump-generator units in hydropower stations.

[0003] For a long time, the hydropower industry has generally used a purely manual process of rulers and dial indicators to measure the coaxiality of couplings. The specific measurement method is as follows: First, a steel ruler is placed against the outer circle of the two halves of the coupling to visually estimate the radial misalignment and then a feeler gauge is inserted to roughly estimate the coaxiality. Then, a mechanical dial indicator is fixed to one side of the coupling, with the indicator head touching the outer circle and end face of the other side of the coupling. The dial indicator readings at four positions (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) are manually recorded, and the radial and angular deviation values ​​are calculated by algebraic difference. This method relies on the experience of maintenance personnel, uses lightweight tools, and does not require an external power supply. It is still used in more than 80% of hydropower maintenance sites.

[0004] However, the aforementioned measurement methods not only require highly skilled personnel but are also cumbersome to operate manually, easily introducing measurement errors. Furthermore, many steps rely on visual inspection, the dial indicator support needs repeated adjustments, and the estimation process, along with the instrumental errors of the dial indicator itself, all have unpredictable and unavoidable impacts on the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results. Therefore, traditional measurement methods have relatively poor accuracy. While they may have met the low-precision requirements of the past, with advancements in hydraulic engineering technology, the demands for accuracy and stability in various pump performance indicators are increasingly higher, making traditional measurement methods increasingly inadequate for the precision requirements of hydraulic engineering projects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and device for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of couplings, thereby solving the problem of poor measurement accuracy of traditional measurement methods.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this application to solve its technical problem is: Firstly, a method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of couplings is provided, including: S1. Install the measuring device with a laser rangefinder and an angle sensor on the first half-coupling, making the laser optical axis of the laser rangefinder parallel to the axis of the first half-coupling and allowing it to rotate around it, and record the end face radius of the first half-coupling. The end face radius of the second half coupling ; S2. Adjust the radial position of the laser rangefinder sensor on the end face of the first half-coupling so that the laser beam illuminates the end face of the second half-coupling throughout its rotation. Record the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder sensor at this point. ; S3. Control the rotation of the laser rangefinder sensor, monitor the rotation angle data of the laser rangefinder sensor using an angle sensor, and monitor the distance data using the laser rangefinder sensor to obtain the maximum distance. Its corresponding angle and minimum distance Its corresponding angle ; S4. Based on the data obtained in steps S2 and S3, calculate the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling and the second half-coupling. And adjust the position of the second half coupling accordingly; S5. Repeat steps S3 to S4 until the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling and the second half-coupling is reached. Within the permitted scope; S6. Move the laser rangefinder sensor radially outward along the end face of the first half-coupling, and monitor the distance and angle data in real time. When the distance data changes by more than a threshold, lock the radial position of the laser rangefinder sensor along the end face of the first half-coupling, and record the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder sensor at this time. And the angle at this time ; S7. Control the rotation of the laser rangefinder sensor and continuously monitor distance and angle data. When the distance data changes by more than a threshold again, record the angle at that moment. ; S8. Based on the data obtained in steps S1 and S6, calculate the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling and the second half-coupling. And adjust the position of the second half coupling accordingly; S9. Repeat steps S6 to S8 until the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling and the second half-coupling is reached. Within the permitted scope.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S4, with angle With angle The angle bisector is used as the reference for tilting, and the position of the second half coupling is adjusted in a plane perpendicular to the angle bisector.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S8, by angle With angle The angle bisector is the offset direction; the second half coupling is translated to adjust its position.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S3, the laser rangefinder sensor rotates at least one revolution.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S4, the included angle Calculate using the following formula: .

[0011] Furthermore, in step S8, in the computer graphics software, with O as the center, Draw a circle with radius and set angle and Convert to two points B and C on the circle; draw a circle with radius [missing information]. A circle passing through points B and C, with its center denoted as A; then the length of OA is the distance between the axes of the first and second half-couplings. .

[0012] Furthermore, in step S8, the distance It can also be calculated using the following formula: ;in, .

[0013] Furthermore, the computer reads the data obtained in steps S1, S2, S3, S6, and S7, and automatically calculates the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling and the second half-coupling. and the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling and the second half-coupling. .

[0014] Secondly, a coupling coaxiality measuring device is provided, comprising an inner cylinder with a self-centering clamp, an outer cylinder coaxially sleeved around the inner cylinder via bearings, an angle sensor for monitoring the rotation angle of the outer cylinder being provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, a connecting rod parallel to its axis being connected to the outer wall of the outer cylinder, the connecting rod being movable along its axial direction and locked, an adjusting rod extending radially along the outer cylinder being connected to one end of the connecting rod, the adjusting rod being movable along its axial direction and locked, a laser ranging sensor being provided on the adjusting rod, the laser optical axis of the laser ranging sensor being parallel to the axis of the outer cylinder and emitting in a direction away from the outer cylinder.

[0015] Furthermore, a motor drive assembly is provided between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the motor drive assembly is used to drive the outer cylinder to rotate.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are: The coupling coaxiality measurement and adjustment method provided in this application embodiment, through steps S1 to S5, utilizes a laser rangefinder sensor to rotate 360° and monitor distance data to obtain the maximum distance. Minimum distance and their corresponding angles , And based on the radius of rotation Calculate the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling and the second half-coupling. Subsequently, based on the calculation results, the position of the second half of the coupling is adjusted to ensure high-precision parallelism of the axes of the two half couplings. Through steps S6 to S9, the laser rangefinder is moved radially outward, and the rotation radius is automatically locked when the laser crosses the outer edge of the second half coupling, causing a distance jump. And record the angles corresponding to the two jumps. and The distance between the axes of the first and second half-couplings is accurately calculated using geometric relationships. Then, based on the calculation results, the second half of the coupling is translated and adjusted until the axes of the two half couplings are completely coaxial; thus, the high-precision measurement and closed-loop adjustment of the coupling coaxiality are completed.

[0017] Throughout the measurement and adjustment process, the measuring device only needs to be installed on the first half-coupling once. The laser rangefinder sensor can then continuously rotate around the axis of the first half-coupling for monitoring. There is no need to repeatedly disassemble and reassemble the dial indicator bracket, manually read the data at four points (0° / 90° / 180° / 270°), or use feeler gauges for visual estimation. All distance and angle data are collected in real time by the sensor and directly transmitted to the controller or computer, and can be automatically processed by the built-in algorithm. and The calculation, storage, and adjustment of direction prompts eliminate random errors introduced by manual reading, recording, and estimation, significantly reducing reliance on the technical experience of surveyors and avoiding misjudgments caused by differences in personal experience.

[0018] Compared with traditional dial indicator measurement methods, this application significantly reduces the complexity and randomness of manual operation, effectively suppresses systematic and accidental errors caused by mechanical equipment itself and human factors, and improves measurement accuracy. This fully meets the increasingly high precision requirements of hydraulic engineering for the coaxiality of couplings, and provides reliable, efficient and traceable technical support for the installation, maintenance and intelligent operation and maintenance of hydropower station pump-generator units. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a state diagram of measuring the coaxiality of a coupling using the coaxiality measuring device provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the distance L between the axes of the first half-coupling and the second half-coupling, drawn in computer graphics software. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coaxiality measuring device for couplings provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting the inner and outer cylinders via bearings; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the indicator and the dial.

[0021] Figure label: 1-Measuring device; 11-Inner cylinder; 111-Scale indicator; 12-Self-centering clamp; 13-Outer cylinder; 131-Scale dial; 14-Angle sensor; 15-Connecting rod; 16-Adjusting rod; 17-Laser rangefinder sensor; 18-Bearing; 2-First half coupling; 3-Second half coupling. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0023] In the description of this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Unless otherwise specified, the above-mentioned orientational descriptions can be flexibly set in actual application, provided that the relative positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings are satisfied.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] See Figure 1 This application provides a method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling, including the following steps: S1. Install the measuring device 1 with the laser rangefinder 17 and angle sensor 14 on the first half-coupling 2, so that the laser optical axis of the laser rangefinder 17 is parallel to the axis of the first half-coupling 2 and can rotate around it, and record the end face radius of the first half-coupling 2. The end face radius of the second half coupling 3 .

[0026] See Figure 1 The first half-coupling 2 is the driving half-coupling, with its right end face being a precision-machined circular plane perpendicular to its axis. The second half-coupling 3 is the driven half-coupling, with its left end face being a precision-machined circular plane perpendicular to its axis. Before testing, the outer radius of the right end face of the first half-coupling 2 was measured using a micrometer or laser rangefinder. The outer radius of the left end face of the second half coupling 3 and will , The data is input to the controller or stored in the computer as the basis for subsequent data calculations.

[0027] A measuring device 1, equipped with a laser rangefinder 17 and an angle sensor 14, is mounted on the first half-coupling 2. Once installed, the laser rangefinder 17 can rotate 360° around the axis of the first half-coupling 2. The laser rangefinder 17 emits a laser beam towards the left end face of the second half-coupling 3, with the laser axis parallel to the axis of the first half-coupling 2, to monitor the distance between the two half-couplings in real time. The angle sensor 14 uses a mark set on the first half-coupling 2 as its zero point, with counter-clockwise or clockwise rotation as the positive direction, to monitor the rotation angle of the laser rangefinder 17 in real time. In this embodiment, the laser rangefinder 17 is a thin-film laser rangefinder with a thickness of no more than 4mm and a ranging accuracy of no less than 0.001mm. This design is not only small in size and occupies less installation space, but also has high measurement accuracy.

[0028] S2. Adjust the radial position of the laser rangefinder 17 on the end face of the first half-coupling 2 so that the laser beam illuminates the end face of the second half-coupling 3 throughout its rotation. Record the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder 17 at this time. .

[0029] See Figure 1 First, move the laser rangefinder 17 radially along the first half-coupling 2 so that the laser emitted by the laser rangefinder 17 is located on the right end face of the first half-coupling 2. ~ Within the specified range; temporarily lock the radial position of the laser rangefinder 17, then manually and slowly rotate the laser rangefinder 17 one revolution. Based on the laser intensity or distance jump, monitor whether the laser falls entirely on the left end face of the second half-coupling 3. A safety margin of at least 0.5mm can be reserved between the laser and the edge of the left end face of the second half-coupling 3. If the laser does not fall entirely on the left end face of the second half-coupling 3, fine-tune the radial position of the laser rangefinder 17 along the first half-coupling 2 and lock it until the laser falls entirely on the left end face of the second half-coupling 3. If the laser falls entirely on the left end face of the second half-coupling 3, measure the distance between the laser optical axis and the axis of the first half-coupling 2, and record it as the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder 17. and will The data is input to the controller or stored in the computer as the basis for subsequent data calculations.

[0030] S3. Control the rotation of the laser rangefinder 17, monitor the rotation angle data of the laser rangefinder 17 using the angle sensor 14, and monitor the distance data using the laser rangefinder 17 to obtain the maximum distance. Its corresponding angle and minimum distance Its corresponding angle .

[0031] See Figure 1 The laser rangefinder 17 is controlled to rotate around the axis of the first half-coupling 2, and rotated at a constant speed for at least one revolution. During this process, the laser rangefinder 17 monitors several distance data points, and the angle sensor 14 monitors several angle data points. The angle sensor 14 can output absolute angles from 0° to 360°. The distance data and angle data are in a one-to-one correspondence and are transmitted to the controller or computer, where they are cached as a distance-angle array. As one implementation, the maximum distance can be obtained from all the distance data. Its corresponding angle and minimum distance Its corresponding angle As another implementation, the laser rangefinder 17 can be rotated one revolution as a cycle, and the maximum distance within each cycle can be obtained. Its corresponding angle and minimum distance Its corresponding angle After removing outliers, the average of the valid data is calculated to obtain the final maximum distance. Its corresponding angle and minimum distance Its corresponding angle .

[0032] S4. Based on the data obtained in steps S2 and S3, calculate the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3. And adjust the position of the second half coupling 3 accordingly.

[0033] See Figure 1 According to the geometric relationships in the diagram, the included angle Calculate using the following formula: This is used to adjust the position of the second half-coupling 3. In some embodiments, the data acquired in each cycle can be calculated using the above formula to obtain a series of included angle values. Finally, calculate using the following formula: ,Pick The position of the second half-coupling 3 is adjusted accordingly, based on the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3.

[0034] The method for adjusting the position of the second half coupling 3 is as follows: by angle With angle The angle bisector is used as the inclination reference, and the position of the second half coupling 3 is adjusted in a plane perpendicular to the angle bisector.

[0035] S5. Repeat steps S3 to S4 until the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3 is reached. Within the permitted scope.

[0036] included angle The permitted scope should be set according to the specific requirements of the hydraulic engineering project for the installation accuracy of the coupling. For example, when At this point, the end face deviation can be considered to be within a negligible range, and it can be regarded as pure eccentricity. Under this condition, it can be determined that the end faces of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3 are in a parallel state, and thus it can be inferred that the axes of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3 are in a parallel state. Thus, the first stage of measurement and adjustment is completed.

[0037] S6. Move the laser rangefinder 17 radially outward along the end face of the first half-coupling 2, and monitor the distance and angle data in real time. When the distance data changes by more than a threshold, lock the radial position of the laser rangefinder 17 along the end face of the first half-coupling 2, and record the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder 17 at this time. And the angle at this time .

[0038] See Figure 1 The laser rangefinder 17 is moved radially outward along the end face of the first half-coupling 2, and distance and angle data are monitored in real time. When the distance data changes by a threshold value (e.g., the threshold value can be a distance greater than 1 mm), it indicates that the laser has just passed the left end face edge of the second half-coupling 3. At this time, the radial position of the laser rangefinder 17 along the end face of the first half-coupling 2 is locked, and the distance between the laser optical axis and the axis of the first half-coupling 2 is measured and recorded as the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder 17. Simultaneously, the angle output by angle sensor 14 at the instant of the jump is recorded. ,Will and The data is input to the controller or stored in the computer as the basis for subsequent data calculations.

[0039] S7. Control the laser rangefinder 17 to rotate and continuously monitor distance and angle data. When the distance data changes by more than the threshold again, record the angle at this time. .

[0040] Specifically, the laser rangefinder 17 is controlled to rotate by a radius of... Continue rotating clockwise or counterclockwise, and continuously monitor the distance and angle data. When the distance data jumps again to a value greater than the threshold, it indicates that the laser has just passed the left end face edge of the second half coupling 3 again. At the same time, record the angle output by the angle sensor 14 at the moment of the jump. ,Will The data is input to the controller or stored in the computer as the basis for subsequent data calculations.

[0041] S8. Based on the data obtained in steps S1 and S6, calculate the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3. And adjust the position of the second half coupling 3 accordingly.

[0042] See Figure 2 In computer graphics software, with O as the center, Draw a circle with radius and set angle and Convert to two points B and C on the circle; draw a circle with radius [missing information]. A circle passing through points B and C is defined by its center as A. The length of OA is the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3. Among them, distance It can be measured directly in computer graphics software.

[0043] distance It can also be calculated using the following formula: ; for Figure 2 The angle between OA and OB; where, .

[0044] In some embodiments, the laser rangefinder 17 can be controlled to continue rotating at least one revolution, and one revolution of the laser rangefinder 17 is taken as a cycle, and the angle within each cycle is obtained. and Calculate the distance within each cycle using the formula above. This leads to a series of distance values. Finally, calculate using the following formula: ,Pick The distance between the axes of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3 is used to adjust the position of the second half-coupling 3.

[0045] The method for adjusting the position of the second half coupling 3 is as follows: by angle With angle The angle bisector is the offset direction, and the second half coupling 3 is translated to adjust its position.

[0046] S9. Repeat steps S6 to S8 until the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3 is reached. Within the permitted scope.

[0047] distance The permitted scope should be set according to the specific requirements of the hydraulic engineering project for the installation accuracy of the coupling. For example, when At this point, it can be determined that the coaxial deviation has been controlled within the allowable limits of the engineering process, and the axes of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3 have achieved coaxiality in an engineering sense. This completes the second stage of measurement and adjustment.

[0048] In some embodiments, a computer is used to read the data obtained in steps S1, S2, S3, S6, and S7, and automatically calculates the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3. and the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3. The calculation results can be directly displayed on the human-machine interface, achieving efficient data processing, reducing data processing errors introduced by human factors, and further improving measurement accuracy.

[0049] The coupling coaxiality measurement and adjustment method provided in this application embodiment, through steps S1 to S5, utilizes the 360° rotation of the laser range sensor 17 to monitor distance data and obtain the maximum distance. Minimum distance and their corresponding angles , And based on the radius of rotation Calculate the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3. Subsequently, based on the calculation results, the position of the second half-coupling 3 is adjusted to achieve high-precision parallelism of the axes of the two half-couplings; through steps S6 to S9, the laser rangefinder 17 is moved radially outward, and when the laser crosses the outer edge of the second half-coupling 3 and causes a distance jump, the rotation radius is automatically locked. And record the angles corresponding to the two jumps. and The distance between the axes of the first half-coupling 2 and the second half-coupling 3 is accurately calculated using geometric relationships. Then, based on the calculation results, the second half of the coupling 3 is translated and adjusted until the axes of the two half couplings are completely coaxial; thus, the high-precision measurement and closed-loop adjustment of the coupling coaxiality are completed.

[0050] Throughout the measurement and adjustment process, the measuring device only needs to be installed once on the first half-coupling 2. The laser rangefinder 17 can then continuously rotate around the axis of the first half-coupling 2 for monitoring. There is no need to repeatedly disassemble and reassemble the dial indicator bracket, manually read the data at four points (0° / 90° / 180° / 270°), or use feeler gauges for visual estimation. All distance and angle data are collected in real time by the sensor and directly transmitted to the controller or computer, and can be automatically completed by the built-in algorithm. and The calculation, storage, and adjustment of direction prompts eliminate random errors introduced by manual reading, recording, and estimation, significantly reducing reliance on the technical experience of surveyors and avoiding misjudgments caused by differences in personal experience.

[0051] Compared with traditional dial indicator measurement methods, this application significantly reduces the complexity and randomness of manual operation, effectively suppresses systematic and accidental errors caused by mechanical equipment itself and human factors, and improves measurement accuracy. This fully meets the increasingly high precision requirements of hydraulic engineering for the coaxiality of couplings, and provides reliable, efficient and traceable technical support for the installation, maintenance and intelligent operation and maintenance of hydropower station pump-generator units.

[0052] See Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 This application provides a coupling coaxiality measuring device, including an inner cylinder 11 with a self-centering clamp 12, an outer cylinder 13 coaxially sleeved on the inner cylinder 11 through a bearing 18, an angle sensor 14 for monitoring the rotation angle of the outer cylinder 13 between the inner cylinder 11 and the outer cylinder 13, a connecting rod 15 parallel to its axis connected to the outer wall of the outer cylinder 13, the connecting rod 15 can move and be locked along its axial direction, an adjusting rod 16 extending radially along the outer cylinder 13 connected to one end of the connecting rod 15, the adjusting rod 16 can move and be locked along its axial direction, a laser rangefinder 17 is provided on the adjusting rod 16, the laser optical axis of the laser rangefinder 17 is parallel to the axis of the outer cylinder 13 and is emitted in a direction away from the outer cylinder 13.

[0053] The inner cylinder 11 is a hollow cylinder open at both ends. A self-centering clamp 12 is installed inside its cavity, and an operating part for controlling the self-centering clamp 12 is located on its outer cylindrical surface. When the inner cylinder 11 is fitted onto the half-coupling, the self-centering clamp 12 can be used to clamp the half-coupling, aligning the axis of the inner cylinder 11 with the axis of the half-coupling, achieving self-centering and eliminating eccentricity errors caused by manual alignment. This ensures that all subsequent measurement data are based on the axis of the half-coupling, guaranteeing the uniqueness and repeatability of the measurement reference. The self-centering clamp 12 can be a common mechanical clamping mechanism, such as a three-jaw chuck, a flexible chuck, or a diaphragm chuck. The operating part can be a radially arranged screw, nut, or quick-change wrench interface, used to synchronously drive the self-centering clamp 12 to tighten or loosen from the outside, and can be completely recessed into the outer cylindrical surface after operation.

[0054] The outer cylinder 13 is a hollow cylinder open at both ends, fitted over the inner cylinder 11, and at least one bearing 18 is installed between the outer cylinder 13 and the inner cylinder 11. By providing the bearing 18, the outer cylinder 13 and the inner cylinder 11 are not only arranged coaxially, but the outer cylinder 13 can also rotate 360° around the inner cylinder 11. Along the axial direction of the outer cylinder 13, a through hole is formed in the wall of the outer cylinder 13, directly opposite the operating part, allowing the operating tool to be inserted unobstructed through the through hole to control the operating part to complete the locking or unlocking action of the self-centering clamp 12.

[0055] The angle sensor 14 can be a rotary encoder, magnetic grating, or photoelectric disk, etc. Its fixed end is connected to the inner cylinder 11 and its movable end is connected to the outer cylinder 13. It is used to monitor the rotation angle of the outer cylinder 13 relative to the inner cylinder 11 in real time and provide synchronous angle coordinates for the laser rangefinder 17.

[0056] The connecting rod 15 can be a long straight guide rail or a round rod parallel to the axis of the outer cylinder 13. It is installed on the outer wall of the outer cylinder 13 through a sliding sleeve or linear bearing, so that the connecting rod 15 can reciprocate along the axial direction of the outer cylinder 13. The connecting rod 15 can be locked with screws. By controlling the movement of the connecting rod 15 along the axial direction of the outer cylinder 13, the position of the laser rangefinder 17 along the axial direction of the outer cylinder 13 can be adjusted.

[0057] The adjusting rod 16 can be a long straight guide rail or a round rod parallel to the radial direction of the outer cylinder 13. It is mounted to one end of the connecting rod 15 via a sliding sleeve or linear bearing, allowing the adjusting rod 16 to reciprocate radially along the outer cylinder 13. The adjusting rod 16 can be locked with screws. By controlling the radial movement of the adjusting rod 16 along the outer cylinder 13, the position of the laser rangefinder 17 along the radial direction of the outer cylinder 13 can be adjusted.

[0058] A laser rangefinder 17 is mounted on one end of the adjusting rod 16 and is used to emit a laser in a direction away from the outer cylinder 13. The laser optical axis is parallel to the axis of the outer cylinder 13.

[0059] The coupling coaxiality measuring device provided in this application embodiment uses a self-centering clamp 12 to clamp the half coupling, so that the rotation center of the outer cylinder 13 and the laser rangefinder 17 coincides with the axis of the half coupling, ensuring that the measurement reference is unique and repeatable; the bearing 18 provides 360° low-friction rotation while constraining the radial degree of freedom of the outer cylinder 13, eliminating radial movement during rotation; the angle sensor 14 is used to monitor the rotation angle of the outer cylinder 13 in real time and establish the angular coordinates in the circumferential direction; the laser rangefinder 17 is installed on the outer cylinder 13 via the connecting rod 15 and the adjusting rod 16, and the two work together to adjust the measuring point position of the laser rangefinder 17, and can be quickly adapted to different diameters without disassembling the device; when the outer cylinder 13 rotates one revolution, the angle value of the angle sensor 14 and the distance value of the laser rangefinder 17 are collected simultaneously.

[0060] The measuring device of this application can significantly reduce the complexity and randomness of manual operation, effectively suppress systematic and accidental errors caused by mechanical equipment itself and human factors, improve measurement accuracy, and thus fully meet the increasingly high precision requirements of hydraulic engineering for the coaxiality of couplings, providing reliable, efficient and traceable technical support for the installation, maintenance and intelligent operation and maintenance of hydropower station pump-generator units.

[0061] In some embodiments, a motor drive assembly (not shown) is provided between the inner cylinder 11 and the outer cylinder 13 to drive the outer cylinder 13 to rotate. The motor drive assembly may include a miniature DC motor fixed to the outer wall of the inner cylinder 11, a driven gear ring coaxially fixed to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 13, and a reduction gear set bridging the motor output end and the gear ring. All three components can be hidden in a cavity next to the bearing 18 without increasing the overall length of the device. The motor is powered by a built-in battery or an external safe voltage, and the speed is infinitely adjustable through a frequency converter module to ensure uniform sampling intervals for measurement data. By replacing manual operation with automatic motor rotation, the speed fluctuations caused by uneven human thrust are eliminated, and labor intensity is reduced, allowing a single person to complete the entire measurement process.

[0062] In some embodiments, a micrometer (not shown) is provided between the connecting rod 15 and the adjusting rod 16. The frame of the micrometer is connected to the connecting rod 15, and the micrometer screw of the micrometer is arranged parallel to and connected to the adjusting rod 16. During operation, by rotating the outer sleeve of the micrometer, the rotation of the outer sleeve is directly converted into a pure linear displacement of the micrometer screw and the adjusting rod 16. Thus, the micrometer can not only control the adjusting rod 16 and the laser rangefinder 17 to move back and forth radially along the outer cylinder 13 in millimeter increments, but also accurately obtain the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder 17. When the micrometer is zero-point calibrated, the distance between the laser optical axis of the laser rangefinder 17 and the axis of the outer cylinder 13 is calibrated to a fixed value. , Before leaving the factory, the sensor is calibrated using gauge blocks or ring gauges, and the data is written into the device's memory. During actual measurement, when it is necessary to adjust the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder 17, simply rotate the outer sleeve and read the data. Then the actual rotation radius of the laser rangefinder sensor 17 is No additional calipers or radius gauges are needed for remeasurement, ensuring stable and reliable rotation radius data throughout the measurement process.

[0063] In some embodiments, see Figure 5An annular scale 131 is bonded or laser-etched to one end face of the outer cylinder 13. The scale 131 covers 360°, with a minimum division of 1°. Extended lines are marked every 10°, indicating the range from 0° to 360°. The outer diameter of the scale 131 is slightly smaller than that of the outer cylinder 13, and the inner diameter is slightly larger than that of the outer ring of the bearing 18, to avoid interference with any other parts. A pointer-type scale indicator 111 is fixed to the same end face of the inner cylinder 11. The tip width of the scale indicator 111 is 0.08mm, and the gap between it and the scale 131 is ≤0.3mm, ensuring a parallax <0.25°. When the outer cylinder 13 rotates, the indicator 111 remains stationary relative to the scale 131. Manual reading of the current rotation angle is possible even without power or in the event of sensor failure, for quick re-inspection, teaching, or emergency measurement. This mechanical angle display and the electrical signal of the angle sensor 14 are redundant. When the difference between the two exceeds ±0.5°, the user can calibrate or replace the angle sensor 14 to ensure the reliability of the measurement data.

[0064] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling, characterized in that, include: S1. Install the measuring device (1) with a laser rangefinder (17) and an angle sensor (14) on the first half-coupling (2), so that the laser optical axis of the laser rangefinder (17) is parallel to the axis of the first half-coupling (2) and can rotate around it, and record the end face radius of the first half-coupling (2). The end face radius of the second half coupling (3) ; S2. Adjust the radial position of the laser rangefinder (17) on the end face of the first half-coupling (2) so that the laser beam illuminates the end face of the second half-coupling (3) throughout its rotation. Record the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder (17) at this time. ; S3. Control the rotation of the laser rangefinder (17), use the angle sensor (14) to monitor the rotation angle data of the laser rangefinder (17), use the laser rangefinder (17) to monitor the distance data, and obtain the maximum distance. Its corresponding angle and minimum distance Its corresponding angle ; S4. Based on the data obtained in steps S2 and S3, calculate the included angle between the end faces of the first half-coupling (2) and the second half-coupling (3). , and adjust the position of the second half coupling (3) accordingly; S5. Repeat steps S3 to S4 until the angle between the end faces of the first half coupling (2) and the second half coupling (3) is reached. Within the permitted scope; S6. Move the laser rangefinder (17) radially outward along the end face of the first half-coupling (2) and monitor the distance and angle data in real time. When the distance data changes by more than a threshold, lock the radial position of the laser rangefinder (17) along the end face of the first half-coupling (2) and record the rotation radius of the laser rangefinder (17) at this time. And the angle at this time ; S7. Control the rotation of the laser rangefinder (17) and continuously monitor the distance and angle data. When the distance data changes by more than the threshold again, record the angle at this time. ; S8. Based on the data obtained in steps S1 and S6, calculate the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling (2) and the second half-coupling (3). , and adjust the position of the second half coupling (3) accordingly; S9. Repeat steps S6 to S8 until the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling (2) and the second half-coupling (3) is reached. Within the permitted scope.

2. The method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, by angle With angle The angle bisector is used as the inclination reference, and the position of the second half coupling (3) is adjusted in a plane perpendicular to the angle bisector.

3. The method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S8, by angle With angle The angle bisector is the offset direction, and the second half coupling (3) is translated to adjust its position.

4. The method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the laser rangefinder (17) rotates at least one revolution.

5. The method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, In step S4, the included angle Calculate using the following formula: .

6. The method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S8, in the computer graphics software, with O as the center, Draw a circle with radius and set angle and Convert to two points B and C on the circle; draw a circle with radius [missing information]. A circle passing through points B and C is defined by its center as A. The length of OA is the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling (2) and the second half-coupling (3). .

7. The method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S8, the distance It can also be calculated using the following formula: ;in, .

8. The method for measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of a coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The computer reads the data obtained in steps S1, S2, S3, S6 and S7, and automatically calculates the included angle between the end faces of the first half coupling (2) and the second half coupling (3). and the distance between the axes of the first half-coupling (2) and the second half-coupling (3). .

9. A device for measuring the coaxiality of a coupling, characterized in that, The device includes an inner cylinder (11) with a self-centering clamp (12), an outer cylinder (13) coaxially sleeved on the outer cylinder (11) via a bearing (18), an angle sensor (14) for monitoring the rotation angle of the outer cylinder (13) is provided between the inner cylinder (11) and the outer cylinder (13), a connecting rod (15) parallel to its axis is connected to the outer wall of the outer cylinder (13), the connecting rod (15) can move along its axial direction and be locked, an adjusting rod (16) extending radially along the outer cylinder (13) is connected to one end of the connecting rod (15), the adjusting rod (16) can move along its axial direction and be locked, a laser ranging sensor (17) is provided on the adjusting rod (16), the laser optical axis of the laser ranging sensor (17) is parallel to the axis of the outer cylinder (13) and is emitted in a direction away from the outer cylinder (13).

10. The coupling coaxiality measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that, A motor drive assembly is provided between the inner cylinder (11) and the outer cylinder (13), and the motor drive assembly is used to drive the outer cylinder (13) to rotate.

Images