Highway high slope surface area surveying and mapping device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a highway high slope surface area surveying and mapping device and method. The highway high slope surface area surveying and mapping device comprises a three-dimensional laser scanner body, an inner base rotationally installed on the inner side of the three-dimensional laser scanner body and a scanner lens installed on the front surface of the inner base. The rotary protection structure is arranged on the scanner lens; according to the highway high slope surface area surveying and mapping device and method based on the three-dimensional laser scanner, millimeter-level precision and all-terrain coverage surveying and mapping are achieved through the three-dimensional laser scanning technology by means of non-contact and high-density point cloud collection, and compared with a traditional method, the efficiency is improved by 3-5 times; by the adoption of the technology, the difficulties that the construction period is short, the number of workers is small, and the risk that the workers climb high slopes and dangerous rocks is high can be effectively overcome, meanwhile, a rotary protection structure is additionally arranged on the three-dimensional laser scanner, a lens on the three-dimensional laser scanner can be well wrapped and protected in the construction transfer process, and the lens is prevented from being damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of slope surface area measurement technology, specifically relating to a device and method for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of highway construction and maintenance, surface area mapping of high slopes is a crucial task. Accurately obtaining surface area data for high slopes is irreplaceable for slope stability analysis, treatment scheme design, engineering quantity calculation, and subsequent monitoring and maintenance. Traditional high slope surface area mapping mainly relies on contact measurement methods such as total stations, RTK, and tape measures. While total stations can provide relatively accurate measurement data, they require manual point-by-point measurement when dealing with high slopes in complex terrain. This is not only inefficient but also difficult for surveyors to access in steep or dangerous areas, resulting in incomplete data collection and an inability to fully and accurately reflect the actual condition of the slope. RTK measurement technology... While improving measurement efficiency to some extent, traditional methods also suffer from poor adaptability to complex terrain. In areas with severe obstruction or poor signal, measurement accuracy is significantly affected. Measuring tape is limited to simple straight-line distance measurement, making it difficult to accurately obtain surface area information for objects with complex curved surfaces, such as high slopes. Furthermore, the measurement process requires a large amount of manual operation, resulting in high labor intensity and difficulty in guaranteeing data accuracy. In addition, with the continuous expansion of highway construction scale and the increasing improvement of construction standards, the requirements for efficiency and accuracy in high slope surveying are also increasing. Under tight construction schedules, traditional measurement methods often cannot meet the need to quickly obtain accurate data, which can easily lead to project delays.

[0003] As an emerging non-contact measurement technology, 3D laser scanning technology has been widely applied and developed in the surveying and mapping field in recent years. This technology can quickly acquire the three-dimensional coordinate information of an object's surface by emitting a laser beam and receiving the reflected signal, forming high-density point cloud data. Compared with traditional contact measurement methods, 3D laser scanning technology has many advantages. It eliminates the need for manual point-by-point measurement, enabling the acquisition of a large amount of accurate data in a short time, greatly improving measurement efficiency. Its high-density point cloud data can more realistically and accurately reflect the surface shape and detailed features of an object, with data accuracy reaching the millimeter level. Moreover, 3D laser scanning technology is not limited by the complexity of the terrain, enabling full-terrain coverage measurement and easily acquiring data even in dangerous areas that are difficult to reach using traditional methods.

[0004] However, during the construction and transfer process, the lenses of 3D laser scanners on the market are easily damaged by collisions and scratches, affecting the normal use and measurement accuracy of the instrument. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a high slope surface area mapping device and method that can overcome the shortcomings of traditional measurement methods and has good protective performance. To this end, this invention proposes a highway high slope surface area mapping device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes, comprising... The three-dimensional laser scanner body, the inner base mounted rotatably on the inside of the three-dimensional laser scanner body, the scanner lens mounted on the front surface of the inner base, the base mounted on the bottom of the three-dimensional laser scanner body, and the handle fixed to the top of the three-dimensional laser scanner body; The rotating protective structure installed on the scanner lens includes a rear seat fixed to the top surface of the scanner lens, a cylindrical inner slide groove opened inside the rear seat, a cylindrical inner slide seat movably installed in the cylindrical inner slide groove, a cylindrical connecting rod fixed to the front surface of the cylindrical inner slide seat and extending through to the front surface of the rear seat, a rotating seat fixed to the front surface of the cylindrical connecting rod, a protective cover plate fixed to the top surface of the rotating seat and adapted to the scanner lens, and a spring sleeved on the rear surface of the cylindrical connecting rod, located inside the cylindrical inner slide groove and in close contact with the cylindrical inner slide seat.

[0007] Preferably, one end of the spring abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical inner slide groove, and the other end of the spring abuts against the front surface of the cylindrical inner slide block.

[0008] Preferably, the rear end of the cylindrical inner slide extends to the rear surface of the rear seat, and the rear end of the cylindrical inner slide protrudes to the rear surface of the rear seat.

[0009] Preferably, an annular protective washer is fixed to the rear surface of the protective cover, and the annular protective washer can be embedded inside the scanner lens when the protective cover is subsequently rotated to the front surface of the scanner lens.

[0010] Preferably, the rotary protective structure further includes a positioning structure, which is disposed between the cylindrical inner slide and the cylindrical inner groove.

[0011] Preferably, the positioning structure includes an inner groove formed in the cylindrical inner slide, a second spring and a telescopic locking bead installed in the inner groove, and strip-shaped positioning slots corresponding to the telescopic locking bead formed on the inner walls of both sides of the cylindrical inner slide. The telescopic locking bead is movably installed in the inner groove by the second spring, and the end of the telescopic locking bead pops out into one of the strip-shaped positioning slots.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the second spring is fixed to the inner wall of the inner groove, and the other end of the second spring is fixed to the telescopic retaining bead.

[0013] A surveying method for the surface area surveying device for high highway slopes includes the following steps: Step 1: Conduct a site survey to determine the slope area, identify obstacles, and plan scanning sites; Step 2: Control network setup and station construction. In the stable areas at the bottom and both sides of the slope, control points are set up according to the planned stations, and the coordinates are measured by total station or RTK. Step 3: Design the scanning scheme. Based on the design slope drawings, plan the scanning path and the number of scanning stations to ensure that adjacent stations overlap by more than 30% to facilitate registration. Step 4: Instrument setup and scanning. Fix the main body of the 3D laser scanner to the tripod using the base, ensure leveling and connect the power supply. Turn on the power and warm up for 15 minutes. Set the resolution to 0.3 mrad and monitor the temperature, humidity and air pressure in real time. The scanning time for each station is 5-15 minutes. After saving the data, move to the next station. Step 5: Data processing, determining slope boundaries, removing point clouds of temporary facilities, using software to automatically classify ground, buildings, utility poles and signs, and tall vegetation, retaining the exposed surface of the slope, using software to generate a triangular mesh model, and automatically calculating the surface area; Step Six: Output of Results, including a 3D surface model, surface area statistics table, risk area marking map, and supplementary reports: data quality analysis report and error description document.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The highway high slope surface area mapping device and method based on a 3D laser scanner proposed in this application utilizes 3D laser scanning technology to achieve millimeter-level accuracy and full terrain coverage through non-contact, high-density point cloud acquisition. Compared with traditional methods, the efficiency is improved by 3-5 times. It can quickly acquire 3D information of the slope surface and accurately calculate the surface area using professional software, providing reliable data support for slope management. This technology can effectively overcome difficulties such as tight construction schedules, limited manpower, and the risks of personnel climbing high slopes and dangerous rocks. At the same time, the addition of a rotating protective structure to the 3D laser scanner can effectively protect the lens of the 3D laser scanner during construction and transfer, preventing lens damage, ensuring normal instrument use and measurement accuracy, and further improving the reliability and stability of the mapping work. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of the rotating protective structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of region B in the middle; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of region C in the middle; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the method for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes according to the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Main body of the 3D laser scanner; 2. Inner base; 3. Scanner lens; 4. Handle; 5. Base; 61. Rear seat; 62. Rotating seat; 63. Protective cover; 631. Annular protective gasket; 64. Cylindrical inner slide groove; 65. Cylindrical inner slide seat; 66. Spring 1; 67. Cylindrical connecting rod; 68. Positioning structure; 681. Inner groove; 682. Spring 2; 683. Telescopic locking bead; 684. Strip positioning slot. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides the following technical solution: a device for measuring the surface area of ​​a high highway slope, comprising... The three-dimensional laser scanner body 1, the inner base 2 which is rotatably installed inside the three-dimensional laser scanner body 1, the scanner lens 3 which is installed on the front surface of the inner base 2, the base 5 (for subsequent connection of tripod) installed at the bottom of the three-dimensional laser scanner body 1, and the handle 4 which is fixed to the top of the three-dimensional laser scanner body 1. And a rotating protective structure mounted on the scanner lens 3, including a rear seat 61 welded and fixed to the top surface of the scanner lens 3, a cylindrical inner slide groove 64 opened inside the rear seat 61, a cylindrical inner slide block 65 movably mounted in the cylindrical inner slide groove 64 (which can slide back and forth and rotate within the cylindrical inner slide groove 64), a cylindrical connecting rod 67 fixed to the front surface of the cylindrical inner slide block 65 and extending through to the front surface of the rear seat 61, and a rotating mechanism fixed to the front surface of the cylindrical connecting rod 67. The rotating base 62, the protective cover 63 fixed to the top surface of the rotating base 62 and adapted to the scanner lens 3, and the spring 66 sleeved on the rear end surface of the cylindrical connecting rod 67 and located inside the cylindrical inner slide groove 64 and in close contact with the cylindrical inner slide 65, are designed to allow the 3D laser scanner body 1 to be moved at the surveying site. The protective cover 63 and the rotating base 62 can be pulled forward forcefully, causing the cylindrical connecting rod 67 to pull the cylindrical inner slide 65 forward, compressing the spring 66 and causing... The rotating base 62 and protective cover 63 can be rotated to the front of the scanner lens 3. At this time, the rotating base 62 and protective cover 63 are slowly released. Under the push of the spring 66, the cylindrical inner slide 65 pulls the rotating base 62 back to its original position through the cylindrical connecting rod 67, so that the protective cover 63 can cover the end of the scanner lens 3, thus effectively protecting the scanner lens 3. When moving to the next surveying location, simply pull the protective cover 63 and rotating base 62 forward again and remove them from the scanner. The front end of lens 3 can be rotated and removed, making it highly convenient to use. It is worth noting that because the cylindrical inner slide 65, the cylindrical inner groove 64, and the cylindrical connecting rod 67 are all cylindrical structures, the cylindrical inner slide 65 and the cylindrical connecting rod 67 can not only move back and forth within the cylindrical inner groove 64, but also rotate. This means that the rotating seat 62, the protective cover 63, the cylindrical connecting rod 67, and the cylindrical inner slide 65 are fixed together and can perform forward and backward displacement and rotation operations simultaneously.

[0018] In this embodiment, preferably, one end of the spring 66 abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical inner slide groove 64, and the other end of the spring 66 abuts against the front surface of the cylindrical inner slide block 65.

[0019] In this embodiment, preferably, the rear end of the cylindrical inner slide groove 64 extends to the rear surface of the rear seat 61, and the rear end of the cylindrical inner slide block 65 protrudes to the rear surface of the rear seat 61, which makes it convenient for the operator to press the cylindrical inner slide block 65 when pulling the rear seat 61, and further facilitates the operator's rotation operation of the rear seat 61 and the rotating seat 62.

[0020] In this embodiment, preferably, an annular protective washer 631 is fixed on the rear surface of the protective cover 63. The annular protective washer 631 is made of silicone material, and when the protective cover 63 is subsequently rotated to the front surface of the scanner lens 3, the annular protective washer 631 can be embedded in the inner side of the scanner lens 3 to further protect the inner surface of the scanner lens 3.

[0021] A surveying method using a highway high slope surface area surveying device includes the following steps: Step 1: Conduct a site survey to determine the slope area, identify obstacles (such as trees and temporary structures), and plan scanning sites; Step 2: Control network setup and station construction. In the stable areas at the bottom and both sides of the slope, control points are set up according to the planned stations, and the coordinates are measured by total station or RTK. Step 3: Design the scanning scheme. Based on the design slope drawings, plan the scanning path and the number of scanning stations to ensure that adjacent stations overlap by more than 30% to facilitate registration. Step 4: Instrument setup and scanning. Fix the main body 1 of the 3D laser scanner (model Trimble SX10) to the tripod using the base 5, ensure it is level and connect the power supply. Turn on the power and warm up for 15 minutes. Set the resolution to 0.3 mrad (0.1 mrad in steep slope areas). Monitor the temperature, humidity and air pressure in real time (which affect the laser refractive index). The scanning time for each station is 5-15 minutes. After saving the data, move to the next station. Step 5: Data processing, determining slope boundaries, removing point clouds of temporary facilities, using software (TrimbleBusiness Center) to automatically classify ground, buildings, utility poles and signs, and tall vegetation, retaining the exposed surface of the slope, using software to generate a triangular mesh model (TIN), and automatically calculating the surface area; Step Six: Output of Results, including a 3D surface model, surface area statistics table, risk area marking map, and supplementary reports: data quality analysis report and error description document.

[0022] Example 2 Please see Figures 1 to 6 This is the second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the previous embodiment, except that the rotary protective structure also includes a positioning structure 68, which is disposed between the cylindrical inner slide 65 and the cylindrical inner slide groove 64.

[0023] In this embodiment, preferably, the positioning structure 68 includes an inner groove 681 formed within a cylindrical inner slide block 65, a second spring 682 and a telescopic retaining ball 683 installed within the inner groove 681, and strip-shaped positioning slots 684 corresponding to the telescopic retaining ball 683 formed on the inner walls of both sides of the cylindrical inner slide block 64. The telescopic retaining ball 683 is movably installed within the inner groove 681 via the second spring 682, and the end of the telescopic retaining ball 683 pops out into one of the strip-shaped positioning slots 684. During the subsequent rotation of the cylindrical inner slide block 65, the end of the telescopic retaining ball 683 will be gradually squeezed into the inner groove 681 by the inner wall of the cylindrical inner slide block 64 due to the rotation of the cylindrical inner slide block 65, realizing the normal rotation of the cylindrical inner slide block 65. When the cylindrical inner slide block 65 rotates smoothly 180 degrees, the end of the telescopic retaining ball 683 will be in contact with the spring. Driven by the second 682, it engages with another strip-shaped positioning slot 684, achieving auxiliary positioning when the cylindrical inner slide 65 rotates 180 degrees, which in turn achieves auxiliary positioning when the protective cover 63 rotates 180 degrees. At the same time, due to the movable and retractable design of the telescopic ball 683, the telescopic ball 683 will not affect the normal rotation operation of the protective cover 63. The protective cover 63 only needs to increase the rotational force slightly to easily squeeze the end of the telescopic ball 683 into the inner groove 681. Due to the strip-shaped design of the strip-shaped positioning slot 684, when the end of the telescopic ball 683 engages with one of the strip-shaped positioning slots 684, it can move back and forth in the strip-shaped positioning slot 684 along with the cylindrical inner slide 65, ensuring the normal forward and backward displacement and rotation function of the rotating seat 62 and the protective cover 63.

[0024] In this embodiment, preferably, one end of the second spring 682 is fixed to the inner wall of the inner groove 681, and the other end of the second spring 682 is fixed to the telescopic bead 683.

[0025] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described (see the detailed description above), it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes, characterized in that: include The three-dimensional laser scanner body (1), the inner base (2) which is rotated and installed inside the three-dimensional laser scanner body (1), the scanner lens (3) installed on the front surface of the inner base (2), the base (5) installed at the bottom of the three-dimensional laser scanner body (1), and the handle (4) fixed on the top of the three-dimensional laser scanner body (1). And a rotating protective structure set on the scanner lens (3), including a rear seat (61) fixed on the top surface of the scanner lens (3), a cylindrical inner slide groove (64) opened inside the rear seat (61), a cylindrical inner slide seat (65) movably set in the cylindrical inner slide groove (64), a cylindrical connecting rod (67) fixed on the front surface of the cylindrical inner slide seat (65) and extending through to the front surface of the rear seat (61), a rotating seat (62) fixed on the front surface of the cylindrical connecting rod (67), a protective cover plate (63) fixed on the top surface of the rotating seat (62) and adapted to the scanner lens (3), and a spring (66) sleeved on the rear surface of the cylindrical connecting rod (67) and located inside the cylindrical inner slide groove (64) and in close contact with the cylindrical inner slide seat (65).

2. The device for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the spring (66) abuts against the inner wall of the cylindrical inner groove (64), and the other end of the spring (66) abuts against the front surface of the cylindrical inner slide (65).

3. The device for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the cylindrical inner slide (64) extends to the rear surface of the rear seat (61), and the rear end of the cylindrical inner slide (65) protrudes to the rear surface of the rear seat (61).

4. The device for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear surface of the protective cover (63) is fixed with an annular protective gasket (631), and when the protective cover (63) is subsequently rotated to the front surface of the scanner lens (3), the annular protective gasket (631) can be embedded inside the scanner lens (3).

5. The device for measuring the surface area of ​​high highway slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating protective structure also includes a positioning structure (68), which is disposed between the cylindrical inner slide (65) and the cylindrical inner slide groove (64).

6. The device for measuring the surface area of ​​a high highway slope according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning structure (68) includes an inner groove (681) opened in a cylindrical inner slide (65), a second spring (682) and a telescopic ball (683) installed in the inner groove (681), and strip-shaped positioning slots (684) opened on both sides of the inner wall of the cylindrical inner slide (64) corresponding to the telescopic ball (683). The telescopic ball (683) is movably installed in the inner groove (681) by the second spring (682), and the end of the telescopic ball (683) pops out into one of the strip-shaped positioning slots (684).

7. The device for measuring the surface area of ​​a high highway slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the second spring (682) is fixed to the inner wall of the inner groove (681), and the other end of the second spring (682) is fixed to the telescopic bead (683).

8. A surveying method using the highway high slope surface area surveying device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Conduct a site survey to determine the slope area, identify obstacles, and plan scanning sites; Step 2: Control network setup and station construction. In the stable areas at the bottom and both sides of the slope, control points are set up according to the planned stations, and the coordinates are measured by total station or RTK. Step 3: Design the scanning scheme. Based on the design slope drawings, plan the scanning path and the number of scanning stations to ensure that adjacent stations overlap by more than 30% to facilitate registration. Step 4: Instrument setup and scanning. Fix the main body (1) of the 3D laser scanner to the tripod via the base (5), ensure leveling and connect the power supply, preheat for 15 minutes, set the resolution to 0.3 mrad, monitor the temperature, humidity and air pressure in real time, scan for 5-15 minutes per station, save the data and move to the next station. Step 5: Data processing, determining slope boundaries, removing point clouds of temporary facilities, using software to automatically classify ground, buildings, utility poles and signs, and tall vegetation, retaining the exposed surface of the slope, using software to generate a triangular mesh model, and automatically calculating the surface area; Step Six: Output of Results, including a 3D surface model, surface area statistics table, risk area marking map, and supplementary reports: data quality analysis report and error description document.

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