Hole breaking device for double-hull liquid cargo ship model test

Abstract

The invention discloses a hole breaking device for a double-shell liquid cargo ship model test. The hole breaking device comprises a sealing assembly arranged in a double-shell interlayer of a model and a driving assembly in transmission connection with the sealing assembly. The sealing assembly is composed of an upper sealing plug, a lower sealing plug, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod and a connecting part, the upper sealing plug and the lower sealing plug seal opposite preset holes respectively, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are hinged through the connecting part, a center-crossing structure with the included angle larger than 180 degrees is formed in the sealed state, and continuous opening is limited through matched limiting parts. The upper sealing plug and the lower sealing plug stably abut against the preset hole under the elastic effect, and mechanical self-locking sealing is achieved; the driving assembly acts on the connecting part through the transmission piece, so that the two connecting rods rotate in the included angle reducing direction, self-locking is relieved, and the sealing plug is synchronously separated from the preset hole to complete hole breaking. The device is stable in sealing under the pressed condition, reliable in structure, capable of achieving controllable synchronous hole breaking and suitable for a cabin breaking test of a double-hull liquid cargo ship model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a test model for leaking water into a double-hulled liquid cargo ship, and more particularly to a perforation device for testing a double-hulled liquid cargo ship model. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of liquid cargo ship model testing, the simulation accuracy of hull breach and water ingress directly affects the research conclusions on ship damage stability and liquid cargo leakage patterns. Existing active breaching devices typically employ a single-shell structure design, achieving active breaching control through magnetic adsorption or gate opening and closing. However, when applied to double-hull liquid cargo ship models, such devices struggle to simultaneously meet the experimental requirements of synchronous breaching of both the inner and outer hulls. Furthermore, their actuators often need to penetrate the bulkhead or enter the flow field during the breaching process, inevitably disturbing the initial state of the fluids inside and outside the compartment, leading to distorted experimental data. Simultaneously, in double-hull liquid cargo ship models, due to the interlayer space between the inner and outer shells, and the fact that both sides are under fluid pressure, traditional structures relying on friction to maintain sealing or single-sided opening are unsuitable for scenarios requiring simultaneous sealing of both hulls. Inside the double-hull interlayer, the sealing structure needs to maintain reliable watertightness under pressure and also be able to break through the stable state under pressure to achieve synchronous breaching when necessary. When the existing structure is subjected to pressure from both sides at the same time, it is prone to leakage due to uneven stress on the seals or insufficient sealing force, or opening difficulties due to structural design defects. It is difficult to balance sealing reliability and opening controllability, thus restricting the accurate conduct of model tests for breached leakage of double-hulled liquid cargo ships. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a perforation device for testing a double-hull liquid cargo ship model that can form a stable self-locking mechanism under pressure in a double-hull sandwich structure and can actively release the self-locking mechanism to achieve simultaneous perforation on both sides.

[0004] Technical Solution: The hole-breaking device for testing a double-hulled liquid cargo ship model according to the present invention includes a sealing component disposed at a preset hole in the model and a driving component pulsatorically connected to the sealing component for driving the sealing component to disengage from the preset hole. The sealing component is disposed within the interlayer of the double-hull structure of the model. The sealing component includes an upper sealing plug and a lower sealing plug that respectively seal two preset holes disposed opposite to each other. The upper sealing plug is rotatably connected to a first connecting rod, and the lower sealing plug is rotatably connected to a second connecting rod. A hinged connection is provided between the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod. When the sealing component is in the sealing state, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod form an over-center configuration with an angle greater than 180°. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are respectively provided with mutually cooperating limiting parts for limiting their continued rotation in the direction of increasing angle. The upper sealing plug and the lower sealing plug are elastically pressed against the corresponding preset hole. The driving component is connected to the connecting part through a transmission component. The transmission component drives the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod to rotate around the connecting part in the direction of decreasing angle.

[0005] Preferably, the connecting part is a hinge shaft, and the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are respectively provided with hinge holes that cooperate with the hinge shaft.

[0006] Preferably, the transmission component is a flexible component, with one end connected to the connecting portion and the other end connected to the drive assembly.

[0007] Preferably, when the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod form an over-center configuration with an included angle greater than 180°, the geometric centers of the upper sealing plug and the lower sealing plug are located on the same axis.

[0008] Preferably, the upper sealing plug and the first connecting rod, and the lower sealing plug and the second connecting rod are rotatably connected by eccentric connectors to achieve coaxial arrangement.

[0009] Preferably, the eccentric connector includes a disc portion and an eccentrically positioned connecting handle, the sealing plug is fixed to the disc portion, and the connecting handle is rotatably connected to the corresponding connecting rod.

[0010] Preferably, the drive assembly includes at least one power unit, which is connected to the connecting portion via a transmission member and drives the connecting portion to move away from the sealing assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the drive assembly includes a first power unit and a second power unit, the transmission component is provided with a first connection point and a second connection point, the first power unit is fixedly connected to the first connection point, the second power unit is connected to the second connection point, and the second connection point is located between the first connection point and the connecting part.

[0012] Preferably, the first power unit and the second power unit each include a motor and a crank structure connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the crank length of the first power unit is less than the crank length of the second power unit; the first power unit drives the transmission component to generate a first displacement, causing the sealing assembly to disengage from the over-center configuration; the second power unit drives the transmission component to generate a second displacement greater than the first displacement, and pulls the sealing assembly entirely away from the interlayer.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting part is a groove or protrusion structure respectively provided on the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod that cooperates with each other.

[0014] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: By setting an over-center configuration with an included angle greater than 180° and combining it with mutually cooperating limiting structures to form a stable mechanical self-locking state, and at the same time cooperating with the elastic sealing plug and the transmission drive structure, the reliable sealing and active self-locking synchronous rupture function under double-hull interlayer pressure conditions are realized. This not only improves the watertight stability under the sealing state, but also avoids the pressure instability problem caused by the reliance on friction or unilateral support in the existing structure, and significantly improves the structural reliability and controllability of the double-hull liquid cargo ship model rupture test. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing assembly structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the self-locking structure of the sealing assembly of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4-5 This is a schematic diagram of the folded structure of the sealing assembly of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drive component structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 7-10 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second connecting rods of the sealing assembly of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 11-14 This is a schematic diagram of the eccentric connector structure of the sealing assembly of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a perforation device for testing a double-hulled liquid cargo ship model. It is used to achieve controllable perforation at predetermined locations on the inner and outer hulls of the double-hulled liquid cargo ship model, ensuring that the sealing component 1 reliably retracts into the interlayer during the perforation process to prevent residue from affecting subsequent liquid flow. The device mainly includes a sealing component 1 installed at the predetermined hole in the model and a drive component 2 connected to the sealing component 1. The sealing component 1 is installed within the interlayer of the double-hull structure of the model, and the sealing and perforation actions of the predetermined hole are achieved through a scissor-link mechanism. The drive component 2 transmits power to the sealing component 1 through a transmission component 3, thereby releasing the over-center self-locking in the expected sequence to achieve perforation. The sealing component 1 can be pre-installed in the double-hull interlayer during the model manufacturing stage, or installed before the test using a tool through a pre-reserved inspection opening in the model.

[0024] The model includes an inner shell and an outer shell, forming a closed interlayer space to accommodate the sealing component 1 and its folded-down space. Circular pre-set holes are respectively formed at predetermined rupture locations on both the inner and outer shells. Their positions are opposite and the hole diameter can be set according to experimental requirements to ensure communication between the internal and external liquids after rupture. The edge of the pre-set hole is adapted to the contact surface shape of the sealing plug to achieve reliable sealing and mechanical stability.

[0025] like Figure 2-5 as well as Figure 7-10 As shown, the sealing assembly 1 includes an upper sealing plug 11, a lower sealing plug 12, a first connecting rod 13, a second connecting rod 14, and a connecting part 15. The upper sealing plug 11 is used to seal a pre-set hole on the inner shell, and the lower sealing plug 12 is used to seal a pre-set hole on the outer shell. The upper sealing plug 11 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the first connecting rod 13, and the lower sealing plug 12 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the second connecting rod 14. Both are rotatably connected by rivets passing through the rigid part of the sealing plug and the hinge hole on the connecting rod. The connecting part 15 is a hinge shaft passing through the ends of the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14, located between the lower end of the first connecting rod 13 and the upper end of the second connecting rod 14, enabling the two connecting rods to rotate relative to each other to form a scissor mechanism. Through this scissor mechanism, when the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 form an over-center configuration with an angle greater than 180°, the upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 press against the pre-set hole under the action of elastic restoring force, achieving a self-locking seal.

[0026] The upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 adopt a composite structure design. The part that contacts the preset hole is made of an elastic material, such as rubber, to ensure sealing performance; the part that connects to the connecting rod is made of a rigid material, such as metal or engineering plastic, to ensure connection strength. The elastic part and the rigid part can be integrated into one piece by insert injection molding, bonding, or mechanical fastening, or they can be fixed to the rigid connector by bolt penetration to ensure load-bearing capacity during the hole breaking process. In the over-center configuration, the pressure between the sealing plug and the preset hole comes from the compression deformation of the sealing plug itself: when the connecting rod opens and presses the sealing plug against the preset hole, the sealing plug is compressed, and its elastic restoring force constitutes the pressure, which is maintained by the over-center configuration of the connecting rod.

[0027] like Figure 2-5 as well as Figure 7-10 As shown, the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 are provided with limiting parts 16, which are mutually cooperating protruding structures. When the included angle of the connecting rods is greater than 180°, they abut against each other, restricting the connecting rods from continuing to rotate in the direction of increasing included angle, thereby ensuring the stability of the over-center configuration and ensuring the stable pressure of the upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 in the sealing state.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, when the sealing assembly 1 is in the blocking state, the angle between the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 is greater than 180°, forming an over-center configuration. In this configuration, the hinge point, i.e., the connection part 15, of the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 is in a position "across" the center line relative to the ends of the two connecting rods. Since the upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 are respectively limited by the preset holes on the inner and outer shells, when the connecting rod is in the over-center configuration, the elastic deformation of the sealing plug generates an outward restoring force. The line of action of this restoring force forms a torque relative to the hinge point, causing the connecting rod to tend to rotate in the direction of increasing angle. However, due to the presence of the limiting part 16, this rotational tendency is prevented, thereby forming a stable self-locking state. The first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 are respectively provided with limiting parts 16. The limiting parts 16 are mutually cooperating protruding structures provided on the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14. When the included angle of the connecting rods is greater than 180°, the protruding structures abut against each other to limit the rotation of the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 in the direction where the included angle continues to increase, thereby ensuring the stability of the over-center configuration. In this state, even if external water pressure acts on the sealing plug to try to force it into the chamber, it will be resisted due to the self-locking effect, and the sealing plug will be pressed tighter instead.

[0029] The transmission component 3 is a flexible component, such as a nylon rope or polyester rope, with one end connected to the connecting part 15 and the other end connected to the drive assembly 2. During installation, the transmission component 3 must pass through the pre-drilled hole in the connecting part 15 and ensure smooth power transmission without jamming under tension. In the initial installation state, the transmission component 3 is under moderate tension without slack, and when the crank is in the vertically downward position, the rope length between the fixing point of the transmission component 3 and the connecting part 15 is adjusted so that the connecting part 15 is exactly in the predetermined initial position.

[0030] The specific structure of driver component 2 is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, it includes a first power unit 21 and a second power unit 22. The first power unit 21 and the second power unit 22 each include an L-shaped mounting bracket, a motor, and a crank structure connected to the motor's output shaft. The bottom of the L-shaped mounting bracket is fixed to a suitable position in the model's liquid tank, and the motor is fixed to the vertical part of the L-shaped mounting bracket. Normally, when not triggered, the crank is in a vertically downward position.

[0031] The crank length of the first power unit 21 is shorter, while the crank length of the second power unit 22 is longer, and the crank length of the first power unit 21 is shorter than that of the second power unit 22. The transmission component 3 has a first connection point and a second connection point. The first connection point is located at one end of the transmission component 3 and is fixedly connected to the crank end of the first power unit 21; the second connection point is located between the first connection point and the connecting part 15 and is slidably attached to the hook-shaped portion at the crank end of the second power unit 22. The other end of the transmission component 3 passes through a hole in the connecting part 15 and is then secured. The first connection point is a fixed connection, ensuring that the rotation of the first power unit 21 can directly transmit the pulling force to the connecting part 15 without slippage; the second connection point is a slidable connection, allowing the second power unit 22 to change the effective rope length between itself and the connecting part 15 during rotation, without being restricted by the rigidity of the fixed end of the first connection point.

[0032] Since the crank length of the first power unit 21 is less than that of the second power unit 22, under the same rotation angle conditions, the displacement generated by the first power unit 21 is less than that of the second power unit 22, but its output pulling force is relatively more concentrated; the displacement generated by the second power unit 22 is larger, which is suitable for providing traction for a longer subsequent stroke.

[0033] In the initial state, the crank of the first power unit 21 is in a vertically downward position, with its fixing point located at the end of the crank; the crank of the second power unit 22 is also in a vertically downward position, with the hook-shaped part located at the end of the crank; the transmission component 3 starts from the fixing point of the first power unit 21, overlaps upward with the hook-shaped part of the second power unit 22, then passes downward through the through hole in the outer shell into the interlayer, and finally connects to the connecting part 15. This arrangement path ensures that both power units can independently act on the transmission component 3.

[0034] During the test, the timing of the actions of the two power units was controlled by a computer. The computer pre-stored the start command of the first power unit 21 and the delayed start command of the second power unit 22, as well as the target rotation angles for both. The rotation angles were preset according to the test requirements to ensure that the displacement generated by the rotation of the first power unit 21 was sufficient to break the self-locking mechanism, and the displacement generated by the rotation of the second power unit 22 was sufficient to pull the sealing assembly 1 away from the interlayer.

[0035] First, the first power unit 21 starts, and its crank rotates upward from the vertically downward position. Since the first connection point is fixed, the tension generated by the crank rotation acts directly on the connecting part 15 through the transmission component 3, causing the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 to rotate around the connecting part 15 in the direction of decreasing angle. When the angle gradually decreases from greater than 180° to 180°, the mechanism is in a critical state; if the tension is continued to be applied so that the angle is less than 180°, the connecting rod mechanism passes the center point. At this time, the line of action of the elastic restoring force of the sealing plug is reversed relative to the torque direction of the connecting part 15, and the self-locking state is broken. This stage mainly overcomes the large tightening resistance formed by the elastic restoring force of the sealing plug and the water pressure under the over-center configuration, so a large instantaneous tension is required. This action is accomplished by the first power unit 21 with its shorter crank.

[0036] After the linkage mechanism passes the center point, the self-locking is released, and the first link 13 and the second link 14 rotate further in the folding direction under the continuous pulling force. The upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 begin to disengage from the preset hole. Subsequently, the second power unit 22 starts after a set delay. Since the second connection point is a slidable overlapping structure, when the crank of the second power unit 22 rotates, it is equivalent to raising the position of the second connection point, thereby shortening the effective rope length between the second connection point and the connecting part 15. As the second power unit 22 continues to rotate, its longer crank generates a larger second displacement, causing the connecting part 15 to be further pulled into the sandwich layer. The first link 13 and the second link 14 continue to rotate in the folding direction until they are basically fully folded. At this time, the upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 completely disengage from the preset hole, and the sealing assembly 1 retracts into the predetermined space inside the double-shell sandwich layer, thereby preventing it from remaining near the preset hole and affecting subsequent fluid movement.

[0037] Through the sequential cooperation of the first power unit 21 and the second power unit 22, a step-by-step driving process is achieved, in which the over-center self-locking is first released with a larger pulling force, and then the overall retraction is completed with a larger displacement. When the included angle decreases to the point that the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 are in a fully folded state, the entire sealing assembly 1 retracts into the double-shell interlayer, the preset holes on the inner and outer shells open simultaneously, and the entire actuator never enters the flow field inside or outside the cabin, thereby avoiding flow field disturbance.

[0038] Before using this device, the sealing assembly 1 must be installed. During installation, align the upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 with the preset holes on the inner and outer shells, respectively. Then, apply an axial compressive force to the sealing assembly 1, causing the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 to fold inward around their hinge point, reducing the included angle between them to less than 180°, thereby shortening the axial length of the sealing assembly 1 so that it can be placed entirely within the double-shell interlayer space. After the sealing assembly 1 is placed within the double-shell interlayer and roughly aligned with the preset hole, the operator uses external tools or directly applies an axial spreading force to rotate the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 outward around the hinge point, gradually increasing the included angle. When the included angle increases to 180° and continues to exceed 180°, the linkage mechanism passes the geometric dead point. Continue applying external force until the limiting part 16 abuts, thereby stably restricting the two connecting rods to an unfolded state greater than 180°. In this state, the upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 are pressed against the edges of the corresponding preset holes to form a seal; since the connecting rod has passed the dead point and is mechanically blocked by the limiting part 16, the structure will not fold back on its own under the action of external load, thus forming a stable self-locking.

[0039] After the drive assembly 2 is installed at the designated position in the model liquid tank, one end of the transmission component 3 is fixedly connected to the output crank of the first power unit 21, so that it can generate pull as the crank rotates; the middle part of the transmission component 3 overlaps with the hook-shaped part of the second power unit 22; the other end passes through the through hole on the connecting part 15 and is fixedly connected to the sealing assembly 1. At the start of the test, the start-up delay and rotation angle of the first power unit 21 and the second power unit 22 are set by computer. The first power unit 21 acts first, applying a pulling force to the transmission component 3, so that the sealing assembly 1 overcomes the tensioning force generated by the self-locking structure, and the included angle between the first connecting rod 13 and the second connecting rod 14 is reduced back to less than 180°. When the second power unit 22 acts according to the set timing, its hook-shaped part drives the transmission component 3 to generate a large displacement upward, further pulling the folded sealing assembly 1 into the reserved space inside the interlayer, and the upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 disengage from the preset hole, realizing synchronous hole breaking.

[0040] To achieve precise alignment of the inner and outer preset holes, an eccentric connector 4 is also provided, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 11-14As shown. The eccentric connector 4 includes a disc portion 41 and an eccentrically positioned connecting handle 42. The upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 are respectively fixed on the corresponding disc portion 41, and the connecting handle 42 is rotatably connected to the corresponding connecting rod. Since the connecting handle 42 is positioned eccentrically on the disc portion 41, after the two eccentric connectors 4 are installed, by adjusting the relative angle between the connecting handle 42 and the connecting rod, the axes of the two disc portions 41 can be made to coincide. This ensures that, in the over-center configuration, the geometric centers of the upper sealing plug 11 and the lower sealing plug 12 are located on the same axis, achieving precise alignment of the inner and outer preset holes, avoiding the problem of sealing plug misalignment caused by the offset of the connecting rod hinge point, and ensuring the synchronicity of the double-shell rupture and the reliability of the seal.

Claims

1. A perforation device for testing a double-hulled liquid cargo ship model, comprising a sealing assembly (1) disposed at a preset hole in the model and a driving assembly (2) connected to the sealing assembly (1) for driving the sealing assembly (1) to disengage from the preset hole, characterized in that: The sealing assembly (1) is disposed within the interlayer of the double-shell structure of the model. The sealing assembly (1) includes an upper sealing plug (11) and a lower sealing plug (12) that respectively seal two pre-set holes arranged opposite each other. The upper sealing plug (11) is rotatably connected to the first connecting rod (13), and the lower sealing plug (12) is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod (14). A hinged connection part (15) is provided between the first connecting rod (13) and the second connecting rod (14). The first connecting rod (13) and the second connecting rod (14) are in the sealing state when the sealing assembly (1) is in the sealing state. When forming a center configuration with an included angle greater than 180°, the first connecting rod (13) and the second connecting rod (14) are respectively provided with limiting parts (16) that cooperate with each other to limit the two from continuing to rotate in the direction of increasing included angle. The upper sealing plug (11) and the lower sealing plug (12) are respectively elastically pressed against the corresponding preset hole. The driving assembly (2) is connected to the connecting part (15) through the transmission member (3). The transmission member (3) drives the first connecting rod (13) and the second connecting rod (14) to rotate around the connecting part (15) in the direction of decreasing included angle.

2. The perforation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting part (15) is a hinge shaft, and the first connecting rod (13) and the second connecting rod (14) are respectively provided with hinge holes that cooperate with the hinge shaft.

3. The perforation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission component (3) is a flexible component, one end of which is connected to the connecting part (15), and the other end is connected to the driving component (2).

4. The perforation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first link (13) and the second link (14) form an over-center configuration with an included angle greater than 180°, the geometric centers of the upper sealing plug (11) and the lower sealing plug (12) are located on the same axis.

5. The perforation device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper sealing plug (11) and the first connecting rod (13), and the lower sealing plug (12) and the second connecting rod (14) are respectively rotatably connected by an eccentric connector (4) to achieve coaxial arrangement.

6. The perforation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The eccentric connector (4) includes a disc portion (41) and an eccentrically positioned connecting handle (42). The sealing plug is fixed to the disc portion (41), and the connecting handle (42) is rotatably connected to the corresponding connecting rod.

7. The perforation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (2) includes at least one power unit, which is connected to the connecting part (15) via a transmission member (3) to drive the connecting part (15) to move away from the sealing assembly (1).

8. The perforation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The drive assembly (2) includes a first power unit (21) and a second power unit (22). The transmission component (3) is provided with a first connection point and a second connection point. The first power unit (21) is fixedly connected to the first connection point, and the second power unit (22) is connected to the second connection point. The second connection point is located between the first connection point and the connecting part (15).

9. The perforation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first power unit (21) and the second power unit (22) each include a motor and a crank structure connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the crank length of the first power unit (21) is less than the crank length of the second power unit (22); the first power unit (21) drives the transmission component (3) to generate a first displacement, so that the sealing component (1) is disengaged from the over-center configuration; The second power unit (22) drives the transmission component (3) to generate a second displacement that is greater than the first displacement, and pulls the sealing assembly (1) away from the interlayer as a whole.

10. The perforation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting part (16) is a groove or protrusion structure that is respectively provided on the first connecting rod (13) and the second connecting rod (14) and cooperates with each other.

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